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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

1.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Capitol Federal® Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Federal Savings Bank (the Bank”).  The Bank has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Funds, Inc.  Capitol Funds, Inc. has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Federal Mortgage Reinsurance Company.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

 

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  The ACL is a significant estimate that involves a high degree of complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments and assumptions about highly uncertain matters.  The use of different judgments and assumptions could cause reported results to differ significantly.  In addition, bank regulators periodically review the ACL of the Bank.  Bank regulators have the authority to require the Bank, as they can require all banks, to increase the ACL or recognize additional charge-offs based upon their judgments, which may differ from management’s judgments.  Any increases in the ACL or recognition of additional charge-offs required by bank regulators could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

Loans Receivable - Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are carried at the amount of unpaid principal, net of ACL, undisbursed loan funds, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred loan origination fees and costs.  Net loan origination fees and costs and premiums and discounts are amortized as yield adjustments to interest income using the level-yield method, adjusted for the estimated prepayment speeds of the related loans when applicable.  Interest on loans is credited to income as earned and accrued only if deemed collectible

 

Endorsed loans - Existing loan customers, whose loans have not been sold to third parties, who have not been delinquent on their contractual loan payments during the previous 12 months and who are not currently in bankruptcy, have the opportunity, for a cash fee, to endorse their original loan terms to current loan terms being offered.  The fee assessed for endorsing the mortgage loan is deferred and amortized over the remaining life of the endorsed loan using the level-yield method and is reflected as an adjustment to interest income.  Each endorsement is examined on a loan-by-loan basis and if the new loan terms represent more than a minor change to the loan, then the unamortized balance of the pre-endorsement deferred fees and/or costs associated with the mortgage loan are recognized in interest income at the time of the endorsement.  If the endorsement of terms does not represent more than a minor change to the loan, then the unamortized balance of the pre-endorsement deferred fees and/or costs continue to be deferred.

 

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) - For borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, the Bank may grant a concession to the borrower.  Generally, the Bank grants a short-term payment concession to borrowers who are experiencing a temporary cash flow problem.  The most frequently used concession is to reduce the monthly payment amount for a period of 6 to 12 months, often by requiring payments of only interest and escrow during this period, resulting in an extension of the maturity date of the loan.  For more severe situations requiring long-term solutions, the Bank also offers interest rate reductions to currently-offered rates and the capitalization of delinquent interest and/or escrow resulting in an extension of the maturity date of the loan.  The Bank does not forgive principal or interest nor does it commit to lend additional funds, except for situations generally involving the capitalization of delinquent interest and/or escrow not to exceed the original loan balance, to these borrowers.

 

Endorsed loans are classified as TDRs when certain guidelines for soft credit scores and/or estimated loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios are not met.  These guidelines are intended to identify changes in the borrower’s credit condition since origination, signifying the borrower could be experiencing financial difficulties even though the borrower has not been delinquent on his contractual loan payment in the previous 12 months.

 

The TDRs discussed above will be reported as such until paid-off, unless the loan has been restructured to an interest rate equal to or greater than the rate the Bank was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, and has performed under the new terms of the restructuring agreement for at least 12 consecutive months

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) requires loans that had been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt owed to the lender (“Chapter 7 loans”) to be reported as TDRs, regardless of their delinquency status (“Chapter 7 TDRs”).  These loans will be reported as TDRs until the borrower has made 48 consecutive monthly loan payments after the Chapter 7 discharge date.

 

Delinquent loans - A loan is considered delinquent when payment has not been received within 30 days of its contractual due date.

 

Nonaccrual loans - The accrual of income on loans is discontinued when interest or principal payments are 90 days in arrears or, for TDR loans, the borrower has not made six consecutive monthly payments per the restructured loan terms or since the discharge date for Chapter 7 TDRs.  Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual and outstanding interest previously credited beyond 90 days delinquent is reversed.  A nonaccrual loan is returned to accrual status once the contractual payments have been made to bring the loan less than 90 days past due or, in the case of a TDR loan, the borrower has made six consecutive payments per the restructured loan terms or the borrower has made six consecutive payments since the discharge date for Chapter 7 TDRs.

 

Impaired loans - A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Interest income on impaired loans is recognized in the period collected unless the ultimate collection of principal is considered doubtful.  The following types of loans are reported as impaired loans: all nonaccrual loans, loans classified as substandard, loans partially charged-off, Chapter 7 loans, and all TDRs except those that have been restructured to an interest rate equal to or greater than the rate the Bank was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, and has performed under the new terms of the restructuring agreement for at least 12 consecutive months.

 

The majority of the Bank’s impaired loans are related to one- to four-family properties.  Impaired loans related to one- to four-family properties are individually evaluated for loss when the loan becomes 180 days delinquent or at any time management has knowledge of the existence of a potential loss to ensure that the carrying value of the loan is not in excess of the fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses - The ACL represents management’s best estimate of the amount of inherent losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.  Management’s methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the ACL consists of an analysis (“formula analysis”) model, along with analyzing several other factors.  Management maintains the ACL through provisions for credit losses that are either charged to or credited to income.

 

For one- to four-family secured loans, losses are charged-off when the loan is generally 180 days delinquent or in foreclosure.  Losses are based on new collateral values obtained through appraisals, less estimated costs to sell.  Anticipated private mortgage insurance (“PMI”) proceeds are taken into consideration when calculating the loss amount.  An updated appraisal is requested, at a minimum, every 12 months thereafter if the loan is 180 days or more delinquent or in foreclosure.  If the Bank holds the first and second mortgage, both loans are combined when evaluating whether there is a potential loss on the loan.  Charge-offs for real estate-secured loans may also occur at any time if the Bank has knowledge of the existence of a potential loss.  For all real estate loans that are not secured by one- to four-family property, losses are charged-off when the collection of such amounts is unlikely.  When a non-real estate secured loan is 120 days delinquent, any identified losses are charged-off.    

 

The Bank’s primary lending emphasis is the origination and purchase of one- to four-family first mortgage loans on residential properties and, to a lesser extent, home equity and second mortgage loans on one- to four-family residential properties, resulting in a loan concentration in residential mortgage loans.  The Bank has a concentration of loans secured by residential property located in Kansas and Missouri.  Based on the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio, the primary risk characteristics inherent in the one- to four-family and consumer loan portfolios are a decline in economic conditions, elevated levels of unemployment or underemployment, and declines in residential real estate values.  Any one or a combination of these events may adversely affect borrowers’ ability to repay their loans, resulting in increased delinquencies, non-performing assets, loan losses, and future loan loss provisions.  Although the multi-family and commercial loan portfolio is subject to the same risk of declines in economic conditions, the primary risk characteristics inherent in this portfolio include the ability of the borrower to sustain sufficient cash flows from leases and to control expenses to satisfy their contractual debt payments, and/or the ability to utilize personal and/or business resources to pay their contractual debt payments if the cash flows are not sufficient.  Additionally, if the Bank were to repossess the secured collateral of a multi-family or commercial loan, the pool of potential buyers is limited more than that for a residential property.  Therefore, the Bank could hold the property for an extended period of time and/or potentially be forced to sell at a discounted price, resulting in additional losses.

Each quarter, a formula analysis is prepared which segregates the loan portfolio into categories based on certain risk characteristics.  The categories include the following: one- to four-family loans; multi-family and commercial loans; consumer home equity loans; and other consumer loans.  Home equity loans with the same underlying collateral as a one- to four-family loan are combined with the one- to four-family loan in the formula analysis model to calculate a combined LTV ratio.  Loans individually evaluated for loss are excluded from the formula analysis model.  The one- to four-family loan portfolio and related home equity loans are segregated into additional categories based on the following risk characteristics: originated and correspondent purchased, or bulk purchased; interest payments (fixed-rate and adjustable-rate/interest-only); LTV ratios; borrower’s credit scores; and certain geographic locations.  The categories were derived by management based on reviewing the historical performance of the one- to four-family loan portfolio and taking into consideration current economic conditions, such as trends in residential real estate values in certain areas of the U.S. and unemployment rates

 

Quantitative loss factors are applied to each loan category in the formula analysis model based on the historical loss experience for each respective loan category.  Each quarter, management reviews the historical loss time periods and utilizes the historical loss time periods believed to be the most reflective of the current economic conditions and recent charge-off experience.

 

Qualitative loss factors are applied to each loan category in the formula analysis model.  The qualitative loss factors that are applied in the formula analysis model for one- to four-family and consumer loan portfolios are: unemployment rate trends; collateral value trends; credit score trends; and delinquent loan trends.  The qualitative loss factors that are applied in the formula analysis model for multi-family and commercial loan portfolio are: unemployment rate trends; credit score trends for the primary guarantor; delinquent loan trends; and a factor based on management’s judgment due to the higher risk nature of these loans, as compared to one- to four-family loans.  As loans are classified or become delinquent, the qualitative loss factors increase for each respective loan category.  Additionally, TDRs that have not been individually evaluated for loss are included in a category within the formula analysis model with an overall higher qualitative loss factor than corresponding performing loans, for the life of the loan.  The qualitative factors were derived by management based on a review of the historical performance of the respective loan portfolios and consideration of current economic conditions and their likely impact to the loan portfolio.

 

Management utilizes the formula analysis, along with considering several other data elements when evaluating the adequacy of the ACL.  Such data elements include the trend and composition of delinquent loans, trends in foreclosed property and short sale transactions and charge-off activity, the current status and trends of local and national economies (particularly levels of unemployment), trends and current conditions in the real estate and housing markets, loan portfolio growth and concentrations, and certain ACL ratios such as ACL to loans receivable, net and annualized historical losses to ACL.  Since the Bank’s loan portfolio is primarily concentrated in one- to four-family real estate, management monitors residential real estate market value trends in the Bank’s local market areas and geographic sections of the U.S. by reference to various industry and market reports, economic releases and surveys, and management’s general and specific knowledge of the real estate markets in which the Bank lends, in order to determine what impact, if any, such trends may have on the level of ACL.  Reviewing these qualitative factors assists management in evaluating the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and the reasonableness of the ACL on an ongoing basis, and whether changes need to be made to the Bank’s ACL methodology.  Management seeks to apply the ACL methodology in a consistent manner; however, the methodology can be modified in response to changing conditions.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities.  The Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) requires new disclosures regarding the nature of an entity’s rights of setoff and related arrangements associated with its financial instruments and derivative instruments.  The new disclosures are designed to make GAAP financial statements more comparable to those prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards.  The new disclosures entail presenting information about both gross and net exposures.  The new disclosure requirements are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, which was October 1, 2013 for the Company, and interim periods therein; retrospective application is required.  The adoption of this ASU was disclosure-related and therefore did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations when adopted on October 1, 2013.

 

In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities.  The ASU clarifies the scope of the offsetting disclosure requirements in ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities.  These standards are effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013, which was October 1, 2013 for the Company.  The standards are disclosure-related and therefore, their adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations when adopted on October 1, 2013.

 

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which is intended to improve the transparency of changes in other comprehensive income and items reclassified out of AOCI.  The standard requires entities to disaggregate the total change of each component of other comprehensive income and separately present reclassification adjustments and current period other comprehensive income.  Additionally, the standard requires that significant items reclassified out of AOCI be presented by component either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or as a separate disclosure in the notes to the financial statements.  ASU 2013-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012, which was October 1, 2013 for the Company, and should be applied prospectively.  The adoption of this ASU is disclosure-related and therefore did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations when adopted on October 1, 2013.

 

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-04, Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation Is Fixed at the Reporting Date. The ASU provides recognition, measurement, and disclosure guidance for certain obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date.  ASU 2013-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013, which is October 1, 2014 for the Company, and should be applied retrospectively.  The Company has not yet completed its evaluation of this standard.