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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

1.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2012, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  The ACL is a significant estimate that involves a high degree of complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments and assumptions about highly uncertain matters.  The use of different judgments and assumptions could cause reported results to differ significantly.  In addition, bank regulators periodically review the ACL of Capitol Federal Savings Bank (the “Bank”).  The bank regulators have the authority to require the Bank, as they can require all banks, to increase the ACL or recognize additional charge-offs based upon their judgments, which may differ from management’s judgments.  Any increases in the ACL or recognition of additional charge-offs required by bank regulators could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Funds, Inc.    Capitol Funds, Inc. has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Federal Mortgage Reinsurance Company.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.    

Loans Receivable - Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are carried at the amount of unpaid principal, net of ACL, undisbursed loan funds, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred loan origination fees and costs.  Net loan origination fees and costs and premiums and discounts are amortized as yield adjustments to interest income using the level-yield method, adjusted for the estimated prepayment speeds of the related loans when applicable.  Interest on loans is credited to income as earned and accrued only if deemed collectible

Endorsed loans - Existing loan customers, whose loans have not been sold to third parties, who have not been delinquent on their contractual loan payments during the previous 12 months and who are not currently in bankruptcy, have the opportunity, for a cash fee, to endorse their original loan terms to current loan terms being offered.  The fee assessed for endorsing the mortgage loan is deferred and amortized over the remaining life of the endorsed loan using the level-yield method and is reflected as an adjustment to interest income.  Each endorsement is examined on a loan-by-loan basis and if the new loan terms represent more than a minor change to the loan, then the unamortized balance of the pre-endorsement deferred fees and/or costs associated with the mortgage loan are recognized in interest income at the time of the endorsement.  If the endorsement of terms does not represent more than a minor change to the loan, then the unamortized balance of the pre-endorsement deferred fees and/or costs continue to be deferred.

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) - For borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, the Bank may grant a concession to the borrower.  Generally, the Bank grants a short-term payment concession to borrowers who are experiencing a temporary cash flow problem.  The most frequently used concession is to reduce the monthly payment amount for a period of 6 to 12 months, often by requiring payments of only interest and escrow during this period, resulting in an extension of the maturity date of the loan.  For more severe situations requiring long-term solutions, the Bank also offers interest rate reductions to currently-offered rates and more lengthy extensions of the maturity date.  The Bank does not forgive principal or interest nor does it commit to lend additional funds, except for the capitalization of delinquent interest and/or escrow balances not to exceed the original loan balance, to these borrowers.

Endorsed loans are classified as TDRs when certain guidelines for soft credit scores and/or estimated loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios are not met.  These guidelines are intended to identify changes in the borrower’s credit condition since origination, signifying the borrower could be experiencing financial difficulties even though the borrower has not been delinquent on his contractual loan payment in the previous 12 months.

An aforementioned loan will be reported as a TDR until it pays off, unless it has been restructured to an interest rate equal to or greater than the rate the Bank was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, and has performed under the new terms of the restructuring agreement for at least 12 consecutive months. 

During July 2012, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) provided guidance to the industry regarding loans that had been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings where the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt owed to the lender.  The OCC requires that these loans be reported as TDRs, regardless of their delinquency status.  These loans will be reported as TDRs for at least four years after the Chapter 7 discharge date.

Delinquent loans - A loan is considered delinquent when payment has not been received within 30 days of its contractual due date.

Nonaccrual loans - The accrual of income on loans is discontinued when interest or principal payments are 90 days in arrears, until a nonaccrual TDR has made six consecutive monthly payments per the restructured loan terms, or for at least 12 months after the discharge date for loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings where the borrower did not reaffirm the debt.  Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual and outstanding interest previously credited beyond 90 days delinquent is reversed.  A nonaccrual loan is returned to accrual status once the contractual payments have been made to bring the loan less than 90 days past due or, in the case of a TDR, the borrower has made six consecutive payments under the restructured terms or 12 consecutive payments for loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings where the borrower did not reaffirm the debt.

Impaired loans - A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Interest income on impaired loans is recognized in the period collected unless the ultimate collection of principal is considered doubtful.  The following types of loans are reported as impaired loans: all nonaccrual loans, loans classified as substandard, loans partially charged-off, and all TDRs except those that have been restructured to an interest rate equal to or greater than the rate the Bank was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, and has performed under the new terms of the restructuring agreement for at least 12 consecutive months.

The majority of the Bank’s impaired loans are related to one- to four-family properties.  Impaired loans related to one- to four-family properties are individually evaluated for loss when the loan becomes 180 days delinquent or at any time management has knowledge of the existence of a potential loss to ensure that the carrying value of the loan is not in excess of the fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs.

Allowance for Credit Losses - The ACL represents management’s best estimate of the amount of inherent losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.  Management’s methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the ACL consists of an analysis (“formula analysis”) model, along with analyzing several other factors.  Management maintains the ACL through provisions for credit losses that are charged to income.

For one- to four-family secured loans, losses are charged-off when the loan is generally 180 days delinquent.  Losses are based on new collateral values obtained through appraisals, less estimated costs to sell.  Anticipated private mortgage insurance (“PMI”) proceeds are taken into consideration when calculating the loss amount.  An updated appraisal is requested, at a minimum, every six months thereafter that a purchased loan remains a classified asset and every 12 months thereafter that an originated loan remains 180 days or more delinquent.  If the Bank holds the first and second mortgage, both loans are combined when evaluating whether there is a potential loss on the loan.  Charge-offs for real estate-secured loans may also occur at any time if the Bank has knowledge of the existence of a potential loss.  For all other real estate loans that are not secured by one- to four-family property, losses are charged-off when the collection of such amounts is unlikely.  When a non-real estate secured loan is 120 days delinquent, any identified losses are charged-off.    

The Bank’s primary lending emphasis is the origination and purchase of one- to four-family first mortgage loans on residential properties and, to a lesser extent, second mortgage loans on one- to four-family residential properties, resulting in a loan concentration in residential mortgage loans.  The Bank has a concentration of loans secured by residential property located in Kansas and Missouri.  Based on the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio, the primary risk characteristics inherent in the one- to four-family and consumer loan portfolios are a decline in economic conditions, elevated levels of unemployment or underemployment, and declines in residential real estate values. Any one or a combination of these events may adversely affect borrowers’ ability to repay their loans, resulting in increased delinquencies, non-performing assets, loan losses, and future loan loss provisions.  Although the multi-family and commercial loan portfolio is subject to the same risk of declines in economic conditions, the primary risk characteristics inherent in this portfolio include the ability of the borrower to sustain sufficient cash flows from leases and to control expenses to satisfy their contractual debt payments, and/or the ability to utilize personal and/or business resources to pay their contractual debt payments if the cash flows are not sufficient.  Additionally, if the Bank were to repossess the secured collateral of a multi-family or commercial loan, the pool of potential buyers is limited more than that for a residential property.  Therefore, the Bank could hold the property for an extended period of time and/or potentially be forced to sell at a discounted price, resulting in additional losses.

Each quarter, a formula analysis is prepared which segregates the loan portfolio into categories based on certain risk characteristics.  The categories include the following: one- to four-family loans; multi-family and commercial loans; consumer home equity loans; and other consumer loans.  Home equity loans with the same underlying collateral as a one- to four-family loan are combined with the one- to four-family loan in the formula analysis model to calculate a combined LTV ratio.  Loans individually evaluated for loss are excluded from the formula analysis model.  The one- to four-family loan portfolio and related home equity loans are segregated into additional categories based on the following risk characteristics: originated or bulk purchased; interest payments (fixed-rate, adjustable-rate, and interest-only); LTV ratios; borrower’s credit scores; and geographic location.  The categories were derived by management based on reviewing the historical performance of the one- to four-family loan portfolio and taking into consideration current economic conditions, such as trends in residential real estate values in certain areas of the U.S. and unemployment rates.  The geographic location category pertains primarily to certain states in which the Bank has experienced measurable loan losses.    

Quantitative loss factors are applied to each loan category in the formula analysis model based on the historical loss experience for each respective loan category.  Each quarter, management reviews the historical loss time periods and utilizes the historical loss time periods believed to be the most reflective of the current economic conditions and recent charge-off experience for each respective loan category.

Qualitative loss factors are applied to each loan category in the formula analysis model.  The qualitative factors for the one- to four-family and consumer loan portfolios are: unemployment rate trends; collateral value trends; credit score trends; and delinquent loan trends.  The qualitative factors for the multi-family and commercial loan portfolio are: unemployment rate trends; credit score trends; delinquent loan trends and other factors related to the higher risk level for this loan category.  As loans are classified or become delinquent, the qualitative loss factors increase.  Additionally, TDRs that have not been partially charged-off are included in a category within the formula analysis model with an overall higher qualitative loss factor than corresponding performing loans, for the life of the loan.  The qualitative factors were derived by management based on a review of the historical performance of the respective loan portfolios and consideration of current economic conditions and their likely impact to the loan portfolio.

Management utilizes the formula analysis, along with analyzing several other factors, when evaluating the adequacy of the ACL.  Such factors include the trend and composition of delinquent loans, results of foreclosed property and short sale transactions, charge-off trends, the current status and trends of local and national economies (particularly levels of unemployment), trends and current conditions in the real estate and housing markets, and loan portfolio growth and concentrations.  Since the Bank’s loan portfolio is primarily concentrated in one- to four-family real estate, management monitors residential real estate market value trends in the Bank’s local market areas and geographic sections of the U.S. by reference to various industry and market reports, economic releases and surveys, and management’s general and specific knowledge of the real estate markets in which the Bank lends, in order to determine what impact, if any, such trends may have on the level of ACL.  Reviewing these factors assists management in evaluating the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and the reasonableness of the ACL on an ongoing basis, and whether changes need to be made to the Bank’s ACL methodology.  Management seeks to apply the ACL methodology in a consistent manner; however, the methodology can be modified in response to changing conditions.    

Assessing the adequacy of the ACL is inherently subjective.  Actual results could differ from estimates as a result of changes in economic or market conditions.  Changes in estimates could result in a material change in the ACL.  In the opinion of management, the ACL, when taken as a whole, is adequate to absorb estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  However, future adjustments may be necessary if loan portfolio performance or economic or market conditions differ substantially from the conditions that existed at the time of the initial determinations.   

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income, which revises how entities present comprehensive income in their financial statements.  The ASU requires entities to report components of comprehensive income in either (1) a continuous statement of comprehensive income or (2) two separate but consecutive statements.  In a continuous statement of comprehensive income, an entity would be required to present the components of the income statement as presented today, along with the components of other comprehensive income.  In the two-statement approach, an entity would be required to present a statement that is consistent with the income statement format used today, along with a second statement, which would immediately follow the income statement, that would include the components of other comprehensive income.  The ASU does not change the items that an entity must report in other comprehensive income.  ASU 2011-05 was effective October 1, 2012 for the Company.  The Company elected the two-statement approach upon adoption on October 1, 2012 and applied the ASU retrospectively for all periods presented in the financial statements.