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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  These statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2011, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").  Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  The ACL is a significant estimate that involves a high degree of complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments and assumptions about highly uncertain matters.  The use of different judgments and assumptions could cause reported results to differ significantly.  In addition, bank regulators periodically review the Bank's ACL.  The bank regulators have the authority to require the Bank, as they can require all banks, to increase the ACL or recognize additional charge-offs based upon their judgments, which may differ from management's judgments.  Any increases in the ACL or recognition of additional charge-offs required by bank regulators could adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank.  The Bank has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Funds, Inc.  Capitol Funds, Inc. has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Capitol Federal Mortgage Reinsurance Company.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Loans Receivable - Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are carried at the amount of unpaid principal, net of ACL, undisbursed loan funds, unamortized premiums and discounts, and deferred loan origination fees and costs.  Net loan origination fees and costs and premiums and discounts are amortized as yield adjustments to interest income using the level-yield method, adjusted for the estimated prepayment speeds of the related loans when applicable.  Interest on loans is credited to income as earned and accrued only if deemed collectible.

A loan is considered delinquent when payment has not been received within 30 days of its contractual due date.  The accrual of income on loans is discontinued when interest or principal payments are 90 days in arrears.  Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual and impaired loans and outstanding interest previously credited beyond 90 days delinquent is reversed.  A non-accrual loan is returned to accrual status once the contractual payments have been made to bring the loan less than 90 days past due.

Existing loan customers, whose loans have not been sold to third parties and who have not been delinquent on their contractual loan payments during the previous 12 months have the opportunity, for a fee, to endorse their original loan terms to current loan terms being offered.  The fee assessed for endorsing the mortgage loan is deferred and amortized over the remaining life of the endorsed loan using the level-yield method and is reflected as an adjustment to interest income.  Each endorsement is examined on a loan-by-loan basis and if the new loan terms represent more than a minor change to the loan, then the unamortized balance of the pre-endorsement deferred fees and/or costs associated with the mortgage loan are recognized in interest income at the time of the endorsement.  If the endorsement of terms does not represent more than a minor change to the loan, then the unamortized balance of the pre-endorsement deferred fees or costs continue to be deferred.

For borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, the Bank may grant a concession to the borrower.  Generally, the Bank grants a short-term payment accommodation to borrowers who are experiencing a temporary cash flow problem.  The most frequently used accommodation is to reduce the monthly payment amount for a period of six to 12 months, often by requiring payments of only interest and escrow during this period. These restructurings result in an extension of the maturity date of the loan.  For more severe situations requiring long-term solutions, the Bank also offers interest rate reductions to currently-offered rates and more lengthy extensions of the maturity date.  All such concessions are considered a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR").  The Bank does not forgive principal or interest nor does it commit to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in TDRs.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Interest income on impaired loans is recognized in the period collected unless the ultimate collection of principal is considered doubtful.  Management considers the following loans to be impaired loans: all non-accrual loans, loans classified as substandard, loans with specific valuation allowances ("SVAs"), and TDRs that have not been performing under the new terms for 12 consecutive months or are required by the accounting literature to be classified as a TDR for the life of the loan due to a reduction in the stated interest rate to a rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk.
 

Allowance for Credit Losses - The ACL represents management's best estimate of the amount of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date.  Management's methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the ACL consists of a formula analysis model and the establishment of SVAs for identified problem loans.  Management maintains the ACL through provisions for credit losses that are charged to income.

For one- to four-family loans, losses are charged-off when a loan is transferred to REO or if there is a short-sale of the collateral.  For consumer home equity loans where the Bank holds the first mortgage, if the loan balance is in excess of the fair value and the loan is in foreclosure, the difference between the loan balances and the fair value is charged-off.  Estimated selling costs are also taken into consideration when calculating the amount to charge-off for home equity loans.  For consumer home equity loans where the Bank does not hold the first mortgage, foreclosure is pursued or the loan balance is charged-off.  Other consumer loans that are unsecured are entirely charged-off once the loan is 120 days past due.  For multi-family and commercial loans, the Bank records an SVA when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss is reasonably estimated.

As permitted by the Office of Thrift Supervision, the Bank had been establishing SVAs for potential loan loss amounts.  Starting with the March 31, 2012 reporting period, the Bank will be required to file a Call Report with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC").  The OCC requirements do not permit SVAs; rather, loan charge-offs are required.  Management will implement a loan charge-off policy during the second quarter of fiscal year 2012 in order to be in compliance with the OCC requirements.  When the charge-off policy is implemented, all SVAs recorded at December 31, 2011, or $3.5 million, will be charged off.  This will not impact the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income as the amounts were expensed in previous periods; however, it will reduce the ACL and related loan balances.

The Bank's primary lending emphasis is the origination and purchase of one- to four-family first mortgage loans on residential properties and, to a lesser extent, second mortgage loans on one- to four-family residential properties, resulting in a loan concentration in residential mortgage loans.  The Bank has a concentration of loans secured by residential property located in Kansas and Missouri.  Based on the composition of the Bank's loan portfolio, the primary risks inherent in the one- to four-family and consumer loan portfolios are the continued weakened economic conditions, continued high levels of unemployment or underemployment, and a continuing decline in residential real estate values.  Any one or a combination of these events may adversely affect borrowers' ability to repay their loans, resulting in increased delinquencies, non-performing assets, loan losses, and future loan loss provisions.  Although the multi-family and commercial loan portfolio also shares the risk of continued weakened economic conditions, the primary risks for this portfolio include the ability of the borrower to sustain sufficient cash flows from leases and to control expenses to satisfy their contractual debt payments, and/or the ability to utilize personal and/or business resources to pay their contractual debt payments if the cash flows are not sufficient.  Additionally, if the Bank were to repossess the secured collateral of a multi-family or commercial loan, the pool of potential buyers is limited more than that for a residential property, therefore, the Bank could hold the property for an extended period of time and/or potentially be forced to sell at a discounted price, resulting in additional losses.

Management considers several quantitative and qualitative factors quarterly while monitoring the credit quality of the loan portfolio and evaluating the adequacy of the ACL.  Such factors include: the trend and composition of delinquent and non-performing loans; the results of foreclosed property and short-sale transactions (historical losses and net charge-offs); charge-offs and the establishment of and increase in SVAs; the current status and trends of local and national economies; the trends and current conditions in the residential real estate markets; and loan portfolio growth and concentrations.

The formula analysis model is updated each quarter.  Within the formula analysis model, the loan portfolio is segregated into the following categories:  one- to four-family loans; multi-family and commercial loans; consumer home equity loans; and other consumer loans.  Home equity loans with the same underlying collateral as a one- to four-family loan are combined with the one- to four-family loan in the formula analysis model to calculate a combined loan-to-value ("LTV") ratio.  Impaired loans are excluded from the formula analysis model as they are individually evaluated for impairment.  The one- to four-family loan portfolio and related home equity loans are segregated into additional categories based on the following risk characteristics:  originated or bulk purchased; interest payments (fixed-rate, adjustable-rate, and interest-only); LTV ratios; borrower's credit scores; and geographic location.  The categories were derived by management based on reviewing the historical performance of the one- to four-family loan portfolio and taking into consideration current economic conditions, such as trends in residential real estate values in certain areas of the U.S. and unemployment rates.  The geographic location category pertains primarily to certain states in which the Bank has experienced measurable losses on REO and short-sales.

Quantitative loss factors are applied to each loan category in the formula analysis model based on the historical loss experience, which includes charge-offs and current SVAs, adjusted for loan delinquency trends, for each respective loan category.  Each quarter, management reviews the historical loss time periods and utilizes the historical loss time periods believed to be the most reflective of the current economic conditions and recent charge-off experience for each respective loan category.

Qualitative loss factors are applied to each loan category in the formula analysis model.  The qualitative factors for the one- to four-family and consumer loan portfolios are:  unemployment rate trends; collateral value trends; credit score trends; and delinquent loan trends.  The qualitative factors for the multi-family and commercial loan portfolio are:  unemployment rate trends; collateral value trends; and delinquent loan trends.  As loans are classified as special mention or become 30 to 89 days delinquent, the qualitative loss factors increase based upon delinquent loan trends.  The qualitative factors were derived by management based on a review of the historical performance of the respective loan portfolios and consideration of current economic conditions and their likely impact to the loan portfolio.

SVAs have been established in connection with individual loan reviews of impaired loans.  Since the majority of the Bank's loan portfolio is composed of residential real estate, determining the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral is important in evaluating the amount of SVAs or charge-offs required for impaired one- to four-family loans.  If the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell and anticipated private mortgage insurance ("PMI") proceeds, is less than the current loan balance, an SVA is established, or a charge-off recorded, for the difference.  Once a purchased one- to four-family loan is 90 days delinquent, new collateral values are obtained through automated valuation models ("AVMs") or broker price opinions ("BPOs").  An updated AVM or BPO is then requested approximately every six months while the loan is greater than 90 days delinquent.  Due to the relatively stable home values in Kansas and Missouri, new appraisals on originated one- to four- family loans are not obtained until a loan enters foreclosure.  For originated one- to four-family loans and home equity loans that are impaired and the most recent appraisal is more than one year old, management estimates the fair value of the collateral using the most recently published Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") index.  For those loans where the FHFA fair value estimate results in a value less than the outstanding loan balance, an updated appraisal is obtained and is used to establish the SVA or charge-off amount. If the Bank holds the first and second mortgage, both loans are combined when evaluating the need for an SVA or charge-off amount.

Loans with an outstanding balance of $1.5 million or more are reviewed annually if secured by property in one of the following categories:  multi-family (five or more units) property; unimproved land; other improved commercial property; acquisition and development of land projects; developed building lots; office building; single-use building; or retail building.  Management may charge-off such losses if deemed appropriate.

Since the Bank's loan portfolio is primarily concentrated in one- to four-family real estate, management monitors residential real estate market value trends in the Bank's local market areas and geographic sections of the U.S. by reference to various industry and market reports, economic releases and surveys, and management's general and specific knowledge of the real estate markets in which the Bank lends, in order to determine what impact, if any, such trends may have on the level of ACL.   Reviewing these quantitative and qualitative factors assists management in evaluating the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and the reasonableness of the ACL on an ongoing basis, and whether changes need to be made to the Bank's ACL methodology.  

Management seeks to apply the ACL methodology in a consistent manner; however, the methodology can be modified in response to changing conditions.  During the current quarter, management increased the historical loss amounts in the formula analysis model related to purchased loans and changed the time periods used for certain qualitative loss factors in the formula analysis model to reflect more recent data trends.  The increase in historical losses for purchased loans was due to management's plan to implement a charge-off policy during the quarter ended March 31, 2012, as discussed above.  Prior to December 31, 2011, the SVAs on purchased loans were not included in their entirety in historical losses, rather, they were adjusted for delinquent loan trends.  Starting with the current quarter, the SVAs on purchased loans were included in their entirety in the historical loss amounts.  
 
Assessing the adequacy of the ACL is inherently subjective.  Actual results could differ from estimates as a result of changes in economic or market conditions.  Changes in estimates could result in a material change in the ACL.  In the opinion of management, the ACL, when taken as a whole, is adequate to absorb estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  However, future adjustments may be necessary if loan portfolio performance or economic or market conditions differ substantially from the conditions that existed at the time of the initial determinations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, which defers certain provisions of ASU 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income.  One of ASU 2011-05's provisions requires entities to present reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component in both the statement in which net income is presented and the statement in which other comprehensive income is presented (for both interim and annual financial statements). Accordingly, this requirement is indefinitely deferred by ASU 2011-12 and will be further deliberated by the FASB at a future date. ASUs 2011-05 and 2011-12 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, which is October 1, 2012 for the Company, and should be applied retrospectively for all periods presented in the financial statements.  The Company has not yet decided which statement format it will adopt.
 
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities.  The ASU requires new disclosures regarding the nature of an entity's rights of setoff and related arrangements associated with its financial instruments and derivative instruments. The new disclosures are designed to make GAAP financial statements more comparable to those prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards.  The new disclosures entail presenting information about both gross and net exposures.  The new disclosure requirements are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, which is October 1, 2013 for the Company, and interim periods therein; retrospective application is required.  The Company has not yet completed its evaluation of this ASU; however, since the provisions of ASU 2011-11 are disclosure-related, the Company's adoption of this ASU is not expected to have an impact to its financial condition or results of operations.