RESTRUCTURING

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

In September 2015, we commenced a restructuring plan relating primarily to workforce reductions in our international operations. We have also undertaken workforce reductions in our North America segment. In addition to workforce reductions in our ongoing markets, we ceased operations in 17 countries within our International segment as part of the restructuring plan between September 2015 and March 2016. Those country exits, which generally comprised our smallest international markets, resulted from a series of separate decisions made at different times

during that period that were not part of an overall strategic shift. Costs related to the restructuring plan are classified as Restructuring charges on the consolidated statements of operations. The actions under our restructuring plan were completed as of September 30, 2017 and substantially all of the cash payments for actions under that plan were disbursed as of December 31, 2018.

During the third quarter of 2017, we reached a decision to cease most of our food delivery operations and entered into a long-term commercial agreement with a subsidiary of Grubhub that will allow us to provide customers with the ability to order food delivery through our websites and mobile applications in the United States from Grubhub's network of restaurant merchants. See Note 6, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, for additional information. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our restructuring costs associated with ceasing those food delivery operations were $2.6 million, primarily related to employee severance. Additionally, we entered into an agreement to sell customer lists and other intangible assets in certain food delivery markets to Grubhub.

We incurred cumulative costs for employee severance and benefits and other exit costs of $80.1 million under the plan since its inception in September 2015. In addition to those costs, we incurred cumulative long-lived asset impairment charges of $7.5 million resulting from our restructuring activities. There were no asset impairments as a result of restructuring activities during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. The amounts presented in Restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 reflect changes in estimates related to prior actions.

The following tables summarize costs incurred by segment related to the restructuring plan for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs		Other Exit Costs		Total Restructuring Charges
North America	$	—	$	—	$	—
International	31		—		31
Consolidated	$	31	$	—	$	31



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs			Other Exit Costs		Total Restructuring Charges
North America	$	—		$	177	$	177
International	(353		)	40		(313		)
Consolidated	$	(353	)	$	217	$	(136	)



	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs⁽¹⁾		Other Exit Costs		Total Restructuring Charges
North America	$	8,172	$	3,826	$	11,998
International	4,814		2,016		6,830
Consolidated	$	12,986	$	5,842	$	18,828


(1)	The employee severance and benefit costs for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the termination of approximately 750 employees.

The following table summarizes restructuring liability activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):



	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs			Other Exit Costs			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	3,817		$	304		$	4,121
Charges payable in cash	(353		)	217			(136		)
Cash payments	(2,256		)	(521		)	(2,777		)
Foreign currency translation	(89		)	—			(89		)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	1,119		$	—		$	1,119
Charges payable in cash	31			—			31
Cash payments	(436		)	—			(436		)
Foreign currency translation	(15		)	—			(15		)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	699		$	—		$	699