13. Commitments and Contingencies

Long‑Term Fixed Supplier Commitments

The Company has entered into agreements with various entities under long-term fixed contractual commitments primarily for technology services. Annual fixed fee commitments for agreements in effect at December 31, 2017, amounted to the following (dollars in thousands):


Years ended, December 31:
2018	$	9,936
2019		3,312
	$	13,248

Under the long-term agreements, the Company incurred costs amounting to $18.4 million, $23.0 million and $12.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Trans-Pacific Submarine Cable

In August 2014, the Company joined several other telecommunication companies to form a consortium to build and operate a trans-Pacific submarine cable system. The total system cost is $235 million and is primarily composed of a supply contract with the lead contractor. The Company invested approximately $25 million over the multi-year construction period for a fractional ownership in the system. The Company recognized its fractional share of the cost. In addition, the Company constructed a cable landing station in Hawaii and provides cable landing services. The system was completed in August 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had incurred costs of $25.1 million primarily to the cable contractor for construction with all such costs capitalized.

The Company has excess capacity on its share of the trans-Pacific cable that it makes available to other carriers for a fee. The Company has contracted and expects to enter into additional contracts with other carriers for long-term indefeasible right of use, or IRU, agreements for fiber circuit capacity. The Company may receive up-front payments for services to be delivered over a period of up to 25 years. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has entered into agreements for the sale of capacity and other services for $30.2 million, the majority of which has been received in up-front payments. As provided for in one of the agreements, funds of $5.0 million were held in escrow and released in August 2017 when the trans-Pacific cable was ready for service. The restricted cash was previously reflected in other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. A liability to provide services in the future for all up-front payments is included in advance billings and customer deposits and other liabilities. The Company is recognizing revenue for the circuits on a straight-line basis over the contract term.

Connect America Fund Phase II

In conjunction with reforming the Universal Service Fund, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) established the Connect America Fund (“CAF”) which provides incremental support to broadband service providers. CAF Phase II is the long-term component of the program. In August 2015, the Company notified the FCC that it is accepting CAF Phase II support which amounts to $4.4 million in annual funding. Support is retroactive through the beginning of 2015, net of certain other receipts from the Universal Service Fund, and will continue for six years. Under the terms of CAF Phase II, the Company will offer broadband service at 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream or better to approximately 11,000 eligible locations in high-cost areas in the State of Hawaii and will provide voice and broadband services at reasonable rates. On a cumulative basis, as of December 31, 2017, the Company has an interim deployment obligation for approximately 4,400 locations. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had deployed to approximately 5,452 locations and expects to meet all of its interim and final deployment obligations. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized $4.4 million, $4.4 and $3.3 million, respectively, in CAF Phase II funding as revenue in the consolidated statements of income (loss).

Installment Contracts

The Company has various fixed installment contacts generally in conjunction with acquisition of assets. These agreements generally have a component representing interest at fixed rates in addition to principal. As of December 31, 2017, the commitments were as follows (dollars in thousands):


Years ended, December 31:
2018	$	3,544
2019		1,988
2020		1,280
2021		1,243
2022		1,020
Thereafter		5,746
		14,821
Less amount representing interest		(2,861)
Present value		11,960
Current reflected in other current liabilities		2,978
Noncurrent reflected in other liabilities	$	8,982

Collective Bargaining Agreement

The Company has a collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1357 (“IBEW”) that is effective through September 30, 2022. The agreement covers approximately half of the Company’s workforce.

Joint-Owned Utility Poles

Each of the electric utilities for the four counties in the State of Hawaii have separate agreements with the Company for the joint ownership and maintenance of utility poles along with other third parties, such as the State of Hawaii. The agreements set forth various circumstances requiring pole removal, installation and replacement and the sharing of costs among the joint pole owners. The agreements allow for the cost of work done by one joint pole owner to be shared by the other joint pole owners based on the apportionment of costs in the agreements. Generally, the electric utilities have maintained, replaced and installed the majority of the jointly-owned poles and have billed the other joint pole owners for their respective share of the costs. The Company has a disagreement with the common owner of the utilities in three of the counties in Hawaii regarding the amount the utilities are requesting for their share of the capitalized costs.

For one of the three utilities referenced above, a dispute resolution process is proceeding as specified by the joint pole agreement. For another of the utilities, a complaint for payment was filed by the utility with the State court in 2016. The Company has negotiated the structure for a potential resolution of the dispute with the three utilities. However, implementation depends on entering into various binding agreements with the utilities and approval of the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission with its jurisdiction over both the Company and the utilities. Management of the Company believes the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for amounts due the utilities is reflective of what is owed and a reasonable estimate of the final settlement to be reached with the utilities.

Litigation

The Company is involved in litigation arising in the normal course of business. The outcome of litigation is not expected to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.