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Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of the Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets, and Funded Status to Benefit Plans
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the benefit obligation, plan assets, and funded status related to pension plans (in thousands):
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$2,626 $26,157 $2,747 $28,088 
Service cost (adjusted for actual employee contributions)— 308 — 379 
Interest cost65 395 57 353 
Actuarial gains(533)(7,125)(103)(792)
Benefits paid(108)(652)(75)(851)
Curtailments and settlements— (567)— (108)
Plan amendments and other— — — (172)
Currency translation— (2,663)— (740)
Benefit obligation at end of year$2,050 $15,853 $2,626 $26,157 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$— $19,717 $— $18,157 
Actual return on plan assets— (1,773)— 1,044 
Company contributions108 1,064 75 1,613 
Benefits paid(108)(652)(75)(851)
Currency translation— (2,047)— (246)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$— $16,248 $— $19,717 
Funded status at end of year$(2,050)$395 $(2,626)$(6,440)
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the benefit obligation, plan assets, and funded status related to other postretirement benefit plans (in thousands):
OPEB Plans
December 31,
20222021
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$2,885 $3,577 
Service cost (adjusted for actual employee contributions)29 36 
Interest cost67 68 
Contributions by participants— — 
Actuarial gains(453)(591)
Benefits paid(142)(205)
Plan amendments and other— — 
Benefit obligation at end of year$2,386 $2,885 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$— $— 
Company contributions142 205 
Contributions by participants— — 
Benefits paid(142)(205)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year$— $— 
Funded status at end of year$(2,386)$(2,885)
Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Pretax Amounts
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following pre-tax amounts (in thousands):
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Other assets$— $3,301 $— $— 
Other accrued expenses$(137)$(179)$(107)$(375)
Accrued pension and other postretirement costs$(1,913)$(2,727)$(2,519)$(6,065)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss$137 $577 $693 $6,764 
$(1,913)$972 $(1,933)$324 
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following pre-tax amounts (in thousands):
OPEB Plans
December 31,
20222021
Other accrued expenses$(189)$(227)
Accrued pension and other postretirement costs$(2,197)$(2,658)
Accumulated other comprehensive gain$(484)$(28)
$(2,870)$(2,913)
Actuarial Items Actuarial items consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Unrecognized net actuarial loss$137 $532 $693 $6,709 
Unrecognized prior service cost— 45 — 55 
$137 $577 $693 $6,764 
Actuarial items consist of the following (in thousands):
OPEB Plans
December 31,
20222021
Unrecognized net actuarial gain$(484)$(28)
$(484)$(28)
Additional Information Regarding Projected and Accumulated Benefit Obligations for the Pension Plans
The following table sets forth additional information regarding the projected and accumulated benefit obligations for the pension plans (in thousands):
December 31, 2022
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Accumulated benefit obligation, all plans
$2,050 $14,489 
Plans for which the accumulated benefit obligation exceeds plan assets:
Projected benefit obligation
$2,050 $3,008 
Accumulated benefit obligation
$2,050 $2,448 

December 31, 2021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Accumulated benefit obligation, all plans
$2,626 $23,796 
Plans for which the accumulated benefit obligation exceeds plan assets:
Projected benefit obligation
$2,626 $23,451 
Accumulated benefit obligation
$2,626 $22,634 
Fair value of plan assets
$— $17,778 
Components of Net Periodic Costs of Benefit Plans The following table sets forth the components of net periodic cost of pension (in thousands):
Years ended December 31,
202220212020
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Annual service cost
$— $308 $— $379 $— $402 
Interest cost
65 395 57 353 70 442 
Expected return on plan assets
— (454)— (393)— (442)
Amortization of actuarial losses
22 736 27 459 109 286 
Amortization of transition obligation
— (40)— (8)— 5 
Curtailment and settlement losses
— (512)— (108)— — 
Net periodic benefit cost
$87 $433 $84 $682 $179 $693 
The following table sets forth the components of net periodic benefit costs (in thousands):
OPEB Plans
Years ended December 31,
202220212020
OPEB
Plans		OPEB
Plans		OPEB
Plans
Net service cost
29 36 123 
Interest cost
67 68 133 
Amortization of actuarial losses
3 20 137 
Net periodic benefit cost
$99 $124 $393 
Weighted-average Assumptions Used for Benefit Obligations and Net Periodic Pension Costs
The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 of the respective years:
20222021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Discount rate4.91 %4.23 %2.53 %1.66 %
Rate of compensation increaseN/A2.49 %N/A2.97 %
Expected return on plan assetsN/A3.96 %N/A2.10 %
The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the net periodic pension costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
20222021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Discount rate2.53 %1.66 %2.11 %1.29 %
Rate of compensation increaseN/A2.97 %N/A2.77 %
Expected return on plan assetsN/A2.10 %N/A2.66 %
The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 of the respective years:
OPEB Plans
December 31,
20222021
Discount rate4.88 %2.46 %

The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
OPEB Plans
December 31,
20222021
Discount rate2.46 %1.99 %
Health care trend rate6.50 %6.00 %
Composition of Plan Assets
Plan assets are comprised of:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans		U.S.
Plans		Non-U.S.
Plans
Equity securities— 48 %— 47 %
Fixed income securities— 42 %— 39 %
Cash and cash equivalents— 10 %— 14 %
Total— 100 %— 100 %
Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets for Each Hierarchy Level A summary of the Company’s pension plan assets for each fair value hierarchy level are as follows for the periods presented (see Note 16 for further description of the levels within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands)):
As of December 31, 2022Fair value measurements at reporting date using:
Total Fair ValueLevel 1 InputsLevel 2 InputsLevel 3 Inputs
Defined benefit pension plan assets
Equity securities$7,736 $— $7,736 $— 
Fixed income securities6,813 — 6,813 — 
Cash and cash equivalents1,699 1,511 188 — 
$16,248 $1,511 $14,737 $— 

As of December 31, 2021Fair value measurements at reporting date using:
Total Fair ValueLevel 1 InputsLevel 2 InputsLevel 3 Inputs
Defined benefit pension plan assets
Equity securities$9,262 $— $9,262 $— 
Fixed income securities7,646 — 7,646 — 
Cash and cash equivalents2,809 1,577 1,232 — 
$19,717 $1,577 $18,140 $— 
Estimated future Benefit Payments
Estimated future benefit payments are as follows (in thousands):
US Pension
Plans		Non-US
Plans
2023$137 $721 
2024136 740 
2025138 923 
2026138 598 
2027138 889 
2028-2032803 5,590 
Estimated future benefit payments are as follows (in thousands):
OPEB
Plans
2023$189 
2024201 
2025199 
2026188 
2027218 
2028-2032940