SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

We prepared our interim condensed consolidated financial statements that accompany these notes in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.

The interim financial information is unaudited, but reflects all normal adjustments that are, in our opinion, necessary to provide a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements have been omitted pursuant to those instructions. This interim information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2018. Interim results may not be indicative of our full-fiscal year performance.

Corporate Organization

The KeyW Holding Corporation (Holdco or KeyW) was incorporated in Maryland in December 2009. Holdco is a holding company and conducts its operations through The KeyW Corporation (Opco), and its wholly owned subsidiaries. As used herein, the terms “KeyW”, the “Company,” and “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Holdco and, unless the context requires otherwise, its subsidiaries, including Opco.

KeyW is a provider of advanced engineering and technology solutions to support the collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of information across the full spectrum of the Intelligence, Cyber and Counterterrorism Communities’ missions. Our solutions protect our nation and its allies, and are designed to meet the critical needs of agile intelligence and U.S. Government national security priorities. Our core capabilities include advanced cyber operations and training; geospatial intelligence; cloud and data analytics; engineering; and intelligence analysis and operations. Other KeyW offerings include a suite of Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) solutions deployed from an advanced sensor delivery platform, proprietary products-including electro-optical, hyperspectral and synthetic aperture radar sensors-and other products that we manufacture and integrate with hardware and software to meet unique and evolving intelligence mission requirements.

KeyW's solutions focus on Intelligence Community (IC) customers, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), National Security Agency (NSA), the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA), the Army Geospatial Center (AGC) and other agencies within the IC and Department of Defense (DoD). In addition, we provide products and services to U.S. federal, state and local law enforcement agencies, foreign governments and other entities in the Cyber and Counterterrorism markets. We believe the combination of our advanced solutions, understanding of our customers’ mission; longstanding and successful customer relationships; operational capabilities; and highly skilled, cleared workforce will help expand our footprint in our core markets.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the transactions of KeyW, Opco and their wholly owned subsidiaries from the date of their acquisition. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09 and related amendments, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), which superseded all prior revenue recognition methods and industry-specific guidance. For additional information on our adoption of the new standard refer to Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below.

The majority of our revenues are from long-term contracts with the U.S. federal government that can span several years. The Company performs under various types of contracts including cost reimbursement (cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award-fee), time-and-materials, fixed-price-level-of-effort, and firm-fixed-price contracts.

Under the guidance of ASC 606, the Company evaluates whether it has an enforceable contract with a customer with rights of the parties and payment terms identified, and collectability is probable. The Company also evaluates if a contract has multiple promises and if each promise should be accounted for as separate performance obligations or as a single performance obligation. Multiple promises in a contract are typically separated if they are distinct, both individually and in the context of the contract. If multiple promises in a contract are highly interrelated or comprise a series of distinct services performed over time, they are combined into a single performance obligation.

Contract modifications are evaluated to determine whether they should be accounted for as part of the original contract or as a separate contract. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Contract modifications are accounted for as a separate contract if the modification adds distinct goods or services and increases the contract value by its standalone selling price. Modifications that are not determined to be a separate contract are accounted for either has a prospective adjustment to the original contract if the goods or services in the modification are distinct from those transferred before the modification or as a cumulative adjustment if the goods and services are not distinct and are part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied. The Company’s services contracts frequently provide customers an option to renew for an additional period of time under the same terms and conditions as the original contract. The renewal options typically do not provide the customer any material rights under the contract and therefore are treated as separate contracts when they include distinct goods or services at standalone selling prices.

Transaction prices for contracts with the U.S. government are typically determined through a competitive procurement process and are based on estimated or actual costs of providing the goods or services in accordance with applicable regulations. Transaction prices for non-U.S. government customers are based on specific negotiations with each customer. In certain instances, our contracts contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. The variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics or program milestones and can be based upon customer discretion. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us and the potential of significant reversal of revenue. The Company excludes any taxes collected or imposed when determining the transaction price.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. Substantially none of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component, which would require an adjustment to the transaction price of the contract.

The Company recognizes revenue on a majority of its contracts over time as there is continuous transfer of control to the customer over the contract's period of performance. Continuous transfer of control is typically supported by contract clauses which allow our customers to unilaterally terminate a contract for convenience, pay for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, and take control of work-in-process. Revenue recognized over time is generally based on the extent of progress towards completion of the related performance obligations. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. In certain instances, typically for firm-fixed-price contracts, we use the cost-to-cost measure of progress for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill generally include direct labor, materials and subcontractors’ costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs. In other instances, generally for cost reimbursable, time-and-materials, and fixed-price-level-of-effort contracts, revenue is recognized based on a right to invoice practical expedient as the Company is able to invoice the customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value received by a customer for the Company’s performance completed to date. In some instances, typically for the sale of products that have an alternative use, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time using a rate per unit as units are delivered and the customer obtains legal title of the asset.

Changes in estimates related to contracts accounted for using the cost-to-cost method of accounting are recognized in the period in which such changes are made on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a performance obligations’ percentage of completion. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, there were no material modifications recorded related to work previously performed on projects prior to the execution of formal modifications or amendments. A significant change in one or more estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of our performance obligations. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a performance obligation exceed total estimates of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is determined.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of compensation expenses for program personnel, the fringe benefits associated with this compensation and other direct expenses incurred to complete programs, including cost of materials, depreciation and subcontract efforts.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Our inventory consists of specialty products that we manufacture on a limited quantity basis for our customers. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had an inventory reserve balance of $0.9 million for certain products where the market has not developed as expected.

Receivables

Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and amounts currently due from customers that are not yet billed (unbilled receivables). Receivables are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. Management provides for probable uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of the status of individual accounts. Balances that are still outstanding after management has used reasonable collection efforts are written-off through a charge to the allowance and a credit to accounts receivable. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no charges recorded to the allowance.

Property and Equipment

All property and equipment are stated at acquisition cost or, in the case of self-constructed assets, the cost of labor and a reasonable allocation of overhead costs, (no general and administrative costs are included). The cost of maintenance and repairs, which do not significantly improve or extend the life of the respective assets, are charged to operations as incurred.

Provisions for depreciation and amortization are computed on either a straight-line method or accelerated methods acceptable under U.S. GAAP over the estimated useful lives of between three and seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lives of the underlying leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Lease Incentives

As part of entering into certain building leases, the lessors have provided the Company with tenant improvement allowances. Typically, such allowances represent reimbursements to the Company for tenant improvements made to the leased space. These improvements are capitalized as property and equipment, and the allowances are classified as a deferred lease incentive liability. This incentive is considered a reduction of rental expense by the lessee over the term of the lease and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the same term.

Long-Lived Assets (Excluding Goodwill)

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC topic 360-10-35, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, in accounting for long-lived assets such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization. The guidance requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. The possibility of impairment exists if the sum of the long-term undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the long-lived asset being evaluated. Impairment losses are measured as the difference between the carrying value of long-lived assets and their fair market value based on discounted cash flows of the related assets. Impairment losses are treated as permanent reductions in the carrying amount of the assets. The Company has not recorded any long-lived asset impairments since inception.

Goodwill

Purchase price in excess of the fair value of tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination is recorded as goodwill. The Company tests for impairment at least annually, during the beginning of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Impairment of goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level by comparing the reporting unit's carrying amount, including goodwill, to the fair value of the reporting unit.

At our election, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If, based on our review of qualitative factors, it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative impairment test to identify goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized (if any) by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, using a combination of income and market approaches. An impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is a judgment involving significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates, operating margins and working capital requirements used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates, selected multiples, control premiums and future economic and market conditions. We have based our fair value estimates on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. The Company completed its annual evaluation of goodwill at the beginning of the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 and found no impairment to the carrying value of goodwill.

We routinely review goodwill at the reporting unit level for potential impairment as part of our internal control framework. We evaluated our reporting unit to determine if a triggering event has occurred. As of March 31, 2018, the Company concluded that there were no indicators of impairment that would cause us to believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any such reporting unit is less than the carrying value. Accordingly, a detailed impairment test has not been performed and no goodwill impairment charges were recorded in connection with the interim impairment reviews of any such reporting units.

A summary of the changes to goodwill is as follows (in thousands):



Goodwill as of January 1, 2018	$	455,197
Acquisition	—
Goodwill as of March 31, 2018	$	455,197

Intangibles

Acquired intangible assets with finite lives consist primarily of the value of customer-related intangibles acquired in various acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the method that best reflects how their economic benefits are utilized or, if a pattern of economic benefits cannot be reliably determined, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The useful lives of the intangibles range from one to sixteen years.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

We maintain cash balances that at times exceed the federally insured limit on a per financial institution basis. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk related to cash. In addition, we have credit risk associated with our receivables that arise in the ordinary course of business. In excess of 90% of our total revenue is derived from contracts where the end customer is the U.S. Government, and any disruption to cash payments from our end customer could put the Company at risk.

Use of Estimates

Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing these consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Significant estimates include amortization lives, depreciation lives, proportional performance revenue, inventory obsolescence reserves, income taxes and stock compensation expense. Actual results could vary from the estimates that were used.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The balance sheet includes various financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. The fair values of these instruments approximate the carrying values due to the short maturity of these instruments. The balance sheet also includes our convertible senior notes, which have a carrying amount of $140.7 million as of March 31, 2018. The fair value of the convertible senior notes as of March 31, 2018, was estimated at $142.3 million using a market approach with Level 2 inputs (see footnote 3, Fair Value Measurements).

Research and Development

Internally funded research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are included in operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730, Research and Development, such costs consist primarily of payroll, materials, subcontractor and an allocation of overhead costs related to product development. Research and development costs totaled $0.4 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enacted date. In evaluating our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including cumulative historic earnings, reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected taxable income, and tax planning strategies. The assumptions utilized in evaluating both positive and negative evidence require the use of significant judgment concerning our business plans.

For a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company initially and subsequently measures the tax liability or benefit as the largest amount that it judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax obligations or benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Company's policy is to record interest and penalties as an increase in the liability for uncertain tax obligations or benefits and a corresponding increase to the income tax provision. No such adjustments were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the diluted weighted average common shares, which reflects the potential dilution of stock options, warrants, and contingently issuable shares that could share in our loss if the securities were exercised. As the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, none of the potential dilution of stock options, warrants, and contingently issuable shares were included in the diluted share calculation for those periods as they would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands except per share amounts):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Net loss	$	(3,127	)	$	(3,884	)
Weighted average shares – basic	49,866			46,562
Effect of dilutive potential common shares	—			—
Weighted average shares – diluted	49,866			46,562

Net loss per share – basic	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.08	)
Net loss per share – diluted	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.08	)
Anti-dilutive share-based awards, excluded	3,178			2,126

Employee equity share options, restricted shares and warrants granted by the Company are treated as potential common shares outstanding in computing diluted loss per share. Diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options and in-the-money warrants and unvested restricted stock. The dilutive effect of such equity awards is calculated based on the average share price for each fiscal period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury-stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options and the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized are collectively assumed to be used to repurchase shares. As the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, none of the outstanding dilutive share-based awards were included in the diluted share calculation for those periods as they would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company uses the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (the Notes) on diluted earnings per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted earnings per share of common stock when the average market price of our common stock for a given period exceeds the Notes' conversion price of $14.83. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, 10.1 million shares related to the Notes have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive since the conversion price of the Notes exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company applies the fair value method that requires all share-based payments to employees and non-employee directors be expensed over their requisite service period based on their fair value at the grant date, using a prescribed option-pricing model. The expense recognized is based on the straight-line amortization of each individually vesting piece of a grant. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures related to share-based awards when they occur.

The following assumptions were used for share-based awards granted.

Dividend Yield — The Company has never declared or paid dividends on its common stock and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

Risk-Free Interest Rate — Risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term approximating the expected life of the share-based award term assumed at the date of grant.

Expected Volatility — Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as a share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. The Company's expected volatility is based on its historical volatility for a period that approximates the estimated life of the share-based awards.

Expected Term of the Share-based Awards — This is the period that the share-based awards granted are expected to remain unexercised. The Company estimates the expected life of the share-based award term based on the expected tenure of employees and historical experience.

Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Section 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that these enterprises report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports. The guidance also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company defines its reportable segment based on the way the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), currently its chief executive officer, manages the operations of the Company for allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company conducts business as one operating and reporting segment.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 and related amendments, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), an accounting pronouncement related to revenue recognition. ASC 606 supersedes the guidance in former ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. This standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The entity will recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. ASC 606 was not applied to contracts that were complete at December 31, 2017, and comparative information for the prior fiscal year has not been retrospectively adjusted. For contracts that were modified before the effective date, we elected the practical expedient which enabled the Company to reflect the aggregate effect of all modifications when identifying performance obligations and allocating the transaction price. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company recorded a $1.0 million increase to accumulated deficit on January 1, 2018, as the accumulative impact of ASC 606 adoption. The primary impact related to certain contracts (or contract components) that were previously recognized on a separate basis which are now combined under ASC 606 into a single performance obligation, as they are not capable of being distinct under the new guidance. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s revenue recognition policy as revenues on a majority of the Company’s contracts continue to be recognized over time.

As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt the new guidance, the following adjustments were made on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018:



	As Reported						Adjusted
	December 31, 2017			Adjustments			January 1, 2018
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Unbilled receivables	$	37,785		$	1,166		$	38,951
Inventories, net	20,496			(292		)	20,204
Prepaid expenses	2,266			(403		)	1,863
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses	$	17,862		$	49		$	17,911
Deferred revenue	6,090			1,743			7,833
Deferred tax liability, net	19,174			(325		)	18,849
Equity:
Accumulated deficit	$	(111,939	)	$	(996	)	$	(112,935	)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842) which will supersede the current lease guidance under ASC 840 and makes several changes such as requiring an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease obligation on the balance sheet. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and should be adopted under the modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on our condensed consolidated financial statements.