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ORGANIZATION, BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
ORGANIZATION, BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
ORGANIZATION, BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION, BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization and Background

        BRT Realty Trust ("BRT" or the "Trust") is a business trust organized in Massachusetts. BRT (i) owns, operates and develops multi-family properties, (ii) owns, operates and develops commercial and mixed use real estate assets and (iii) through October 31, 2014, originated and held for investment, senior mortgage loans secured by commercial and multi-family real estate properties.

        The multi-family properties are generally acquired with venture partners in transactions in which the Trust contributes 50% to 90% of the equity.

        BRT conducts its operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for Federal income tax purposes.

Principles of Consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of BRT Realty Trust, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and its majority owned or controlled real estate entities and its interests in variable interest entities in which the Trust is determined to be the primary beneficiary. Material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

        RBH-TRB Newark Holdings LLC, referred to herein as the Newark Joint Venture, was determined to be a variable interest entity ("VIE") because the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support by its equity holders. It was determined that the Trust is the primary beneficiary of this joint venture because it has a controlling interest in that it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and it has the obligation to absorb losses of the entity and the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

        The Trust's consolidated joint ventures that own multi-family properties, other than the joint venture which owns a multi-family property in Kennesaw, GA, were determined to be VIE's because the voting rights of some equity investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and their right to receive the expected residual returns. In addition, substantially all of the entity's activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of the investor that has disproportionately fewer voting rights. It was determined that the Trust is the primary beneficiary of these joint ventures because it has a controlling interest in that it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and it has the obligation to absorb losses of the entity and the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

        The joint venture that owns the Kennesaw, GA property was determined not to be a VIE but is consolidated because the Trust has substantive participating rights in the entity giving it a controlling financial interest in the entity.

        With respect to its unconsolidated joint ventures, as (i) the Trust is primarily the managing member but does not exercise substantial operating control over these entities or the Trust is not the managing member and (ii) such entities are not VIE's, the Trust has determined that such joint ventures should be accounted for under the equity method of accounting for financial statement purposes.

        Certain items on the consolidated financial statements for the prior years have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation including the reclassification of certain expenses from general and administration to property acquisition costs and the reclassification of the Trust's loan segment operations and assets related to discontinued operations.

Income Tax Status

        The Trust qualifies as a real estate investment trust under sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Trustees may, at their option, elect to operate the Trust as a business trust not qualifying as a real estate investment trust.

        In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Trust believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and, as such, does not have any uncertain tax positions that, if successfully challenged, could result in a material impact on the Trust's financial position or results of operations. The Trust's income tax returns for the previous six years are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service.

Revenue Recognition

        Rental revenue from residential properties is recorded when due from residents and is recognized monthly as it is earned. Rental payments are due in advance. Leases on residential properties are generally for terms that do not exceed one year.

        Rental revenue from commercial properties including the base rent that each tenant is required to pay in accordance with the terms of their respective leases, net of any rent concessions and lease incentives is reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease.

Real Estate Properties

        Real estate properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and include real property acquired through acquisition, development or foreclosure.

        The Trust assesses the fair value of real estate acquired (including land, buildings and improvements, and identified intangibles such as above and below market leases and acquired in-place leases, if any) and acquired liabilities and allocates the acquisition price based on these assessments. Fixed-rate renewal options have been included in the calculation of the fair value of acquired leases where applicable. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the tangible assets. Intangible assets (and liabilities) are amortized over the remaining life of the related lease at the time of acquisition. There were no unamortized value of in-place leases at September 30, 2014. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

        Real estate is classified as held for sale when management has determined that it has met the appropriate criteria. Real estate assets and loans that are expected to be disposed of are valued at the lower of their carrying amount or their fair value less costs to sell on an individual asset basis.

        The Trust accounts for the sale of real estate when title passes to the buyer, sufficient equity payments have been received, there is no continuing involvement by the Trust and there is reasonable assurance that the remaining receivable, if any, will be collected.

Real Estate Asset Impairments

        The Trust reviews each real estate asset owned, including investments in real estate ventures, to determine if there are indicators of impairment. If such indicators are present, the Trust determines whether the carrying amount of the asset can be recovered. Recognition of impairment is required if the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset is less than the asset's carrying amount and that amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. In evaluating a property for impairment, various factors are considered, including estimated current and expected operating cash flow from the property during the projected holding period, costs necessary to extend the life or improve the asset, expected capitalization rates, projected stabilized net operating income, selling costs, and the ability to hold and dispose of such real estate in the ordinary course of business. Valuation adjustments may be necessary in the event that effective interest rates, rent-up periods, future economic conditions, and other relevant factors vary significantly from those assumed in valuing the property. If future evaluations result in a decrease in the value of the property below its carrying value, the reduction will be recognized as an impairment charge. The fair values related to the impaired real estate are considered to be a level 3 valuation within the fair value hierarchy. There were no indicators of impairments identified during the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.

Fixed Asset Capitalization

        A variety of costs may be incurred in the development of the Trust's properties. After a determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific project that is benefited. The costs of land and building under development include specifically identifiable costs. The capitalized costs include pre-construction costs essential to the development of the property, development costs, construction costs, interest costs, real estate taxes, and other costs incurred during the period of development. A construction project is considered substantially completed when it is available for occupancy, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. The Trust ceases capitalization when the project is available for occupancy.

Equity Based Compensation

        Compensation expense for restricted stock awards is amortized over the vesting period of such awards, based upon the estimated fair value of such restricted stock at the grant date. For accounting purposes, the restricted shares are not included in the outstanding shares shown on the consolidated balance sheets until they vest; however, they are included in the calculation of both basic and diluted earnings per share as they participate in the earnings of the Trust.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

        The Trust's objective in using derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk. The Trust does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The Trust records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Trust has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows are considered cash flow hedges. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is initially reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified to earnings in the period in which the hedge transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. For derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized directly in earnings in the period in which they occur.

Per Share Data

        Basic earnings (loss) per share was determined by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders for the applicable year by the weighted average number of shares of beneficial interest outstanding during such year. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue shares of beneficial interest were exercised or converted into shares of beneficial interest or resulted in the issuance of shares of beneficial interest that share in the earnings of the Trust. Diluted earnings (loss) per share was determined by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders for the applicable year by the total of the weighted average number of shares of beneficial interest outstanding plus the dilutive effect of the Trust's unvested restricted stock using the treasury stock method.

Cash Equivalents

        Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments, primarily direct United States treasury obligations with maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Restricted Cash

        Restricted cash—Newark and restricted cash—multi-family consist principally of cash held for construction costs and property improvements at specific properties as required by certain loan agreements.

Deferred Costs

        Fees and costs incurred in connection with obtaining financing and structuring the New Markets Tax Credits related to the Newark Joint Venture (Note 9) are deferred and amortized over the term of the related debt obligations. Fees and costs paid related to the successful negotiation of leases are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases.

Use of Estimates

        The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

        Management has determined that it operates in two reportable segments as of September 30, 2014: a multi-family real estate segment and an other real estate segment. The multi-family real estate segment includes the ownership, operation and development of the Trust's multi-family properties and the other real estate segment includes all activities related to the development, operation and disposition of the Trust's other real estate assets. In the years ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Trust operated in a third segment, the loan and investment segment, which includes all activities related to the origination and servicing of the Trusts loan portfolio and other investments. The operations and assets related to this segment are reported as part of discontinued operations as the Trust no longer operates in this segment.

New Pronouncements

        In August 2014 the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, "Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205—40): Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern." ASU 2014-15 requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide certain disclosures when it is probable that an entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 is effective for the annual period ended December 31, 2016 and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter with early adoption permitted. ASU 2014-15 is not expected to have a material impact on the Trust's consolidated financial statements.

        In June 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-12, "Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period." ASU 2014-12 provides explicit guidance on how to account for share-based payments that require a specific performance target to be achieved which may be achieved after an employee completes the requisite service period. ASU 2014-12 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. ASU 2014-12 is not expected to have a material impact on the Trust's consolidated financial statements.

        In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Trust is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which the standard will be adopted in 2017.

        In April 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance that changes the criteria for determining which disposals can be presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. Under the new guidance, a discontinued operation is defined as a disposal of a component or group of components that is disposed of or is classified as held for sale and represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results. The guidance is effective prospectively as of the first quarter of calendar 2015, with early adoption permitted for new disposals or new classifications as held-for-sale. The Trust early adopted this new guidance in the second quarter of fiscal 2014 and it did not have any effect on the Trust's consolidated financial statements.