<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2020-10-26</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001479419</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>KALA</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001298079</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Brazzell Romulus K</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O KALA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>490 ARSENAL WAY, SUITE 120</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>WATERTOWN</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02472</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Chief Medical Officer</officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2020-10-26</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>81000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>276496</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable></derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">On June 25, 2020, the reporting person was granted performance-based restricted stock unit (&quot;RSUs&quot;) under the Issuer's 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. Each RSU represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Issuer's common stock. Subject to the reporting person's continued employment with the Issuer, the RSUs will vest as to 50% of the shares underlying the RSUs on October 26, 2021, the first anniversary of the achievement of the performance condition, and as to the remaining 50% of the shares underlying the RSUs on October 26, 2022, the second anniversary of the achievement of the performance condition.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Includes 100,000 unvested RSUs.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Eric Trachtenberg, Attorney-in-Fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2020-10-28</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
