<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2020-03-13</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001479419</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Kala Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>KALA</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001711080</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Grunberg Gregory</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O KALA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>490 ARSENAL WAY, SUITE 120</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>WATERTOWN</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02472</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle></officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2020-03-13</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>2534854</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>7.89</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>2534854</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Longitude Venture Partners IV, L.P.</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>2877006</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Longitude Venture Partners II, L.P.</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable></derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Longitude Capital Partners IV, LLC (&quot;LCP IV&quot;) is the general partner of Longitude Venture Partners IV, L.P. (&quot;LVP IV&quot;) and may be deemed to have voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to such securities. Patrick G. Enright, Juliet Tammenoms Bakker are the managing members of LCP IV. Each of LCP IV, Mr. Enright, Ms. Tammenoms Bakker and the Reporting Person (a member of the Issuer's board of directors) disclaim beneficial ownership over such securities except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein, and the inclusion of such securities in this report shall not be deemed an admission of beneficial ownership of the reported securities for purposes of Section 16 or for any other purpose.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Longitude Capital Partners II, LLC (&quot;LCP II&quot;) is the general partner of Longitude Venture Partners II, L.P. (&quot;LVP II&quot;) and may be deemed to have voting, investment and dispositive power with respect to such securities. Patrick G. Enright, Juliet Tammenoms Bakker are the managing members of LCP II. Each of LCP II, Mr. Enright, Ms. Tammenoms Bakker and the Reporting Person (a member of the Issuer's board of directors) disclaim beneficial ownership over such securities except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein, and the inclusion of such securities in this report shall not be deemed an admission of beneficial ownership of the reported securities for purposes of Section 16 or for any other purpose.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Mary Reumuth, Attorney-in-Fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2020-03-16</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
