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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________________
(Mark One) | | | | | |
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
or | | | | | |
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-35907
_________________________________________________________
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | |
Delaware | | 27-1341991 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
4820 Emperor Blvd., Durham, North Carolina 27703
(Address of principal executive office and Zip Code)
(919) 998-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
| | Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Title of Each Class | | Trading Symbol | | Name of Each Exchange on which Registered |
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | | IQV | | New York Stock Exchange |
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class | | Number of Shares Outstanding |
Common Stock $0.01 par value | | 186,507,930 | shares outstanding | as of July 15, 2022 |
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC.
FORM 10-Q
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
(in millions, except per share data) | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Revenues | | $ | 3,541 | | | $ | 3,438 | | | $ | 7,109 | | | $ | 6,847 | |
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization | | 2,331 | | | 2,323 | | | 4,654 | | | 4,616 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | 483 | | | 482 | | | 971 | | | 924 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 270 | | | 343 | | | 525 | | | 666 | |
Restructuring costs | | 4 | | | 4 | | | 11 | | | 13 | |
Income from operations | | 453 | | | 286 | | | 948 | | | 628 | |
Interest income | | (2) | | | (1) | | | (3) | | | (2) | |
Interest expense | | 94 | | | 94 | | | 180 | | | 193 | |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 24 | |
Other expense (income), net | | 33 | | | (29) | | | 43 | | | (66) | |
Income before income taxes and equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | | 328 | | | 222 | | | 728 | | | 479 | |
Income tax expense | | 71 | | | 48 | | | 142 | | | 92 | |
Income before equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | | 257 | | | 174 | | | 586 | | | 387 | |
Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | | (1) | | | 1 | | | (5) | | | 5 | |
Net income | | 256 | | | 175 | | | 581 | | | 392 | |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | |
Net income attributable to IQVIA Holdings Inc. | | $ | 256 | | | $ | 175 | | | $ | 581 | | | $ | 387 | |
Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 1.36 | | | $ | 0.91 | | | $ | 3.07 | | | $ | 2.02 | |
Diluted | | $ | 1.34 | | | $ | 0.90 | | | $ | 3.02 | | | $ | 1.99 | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | 188.3 | | | 191.6 | | | 189.2 | | | 191.6 | |
Diluted | | 191.1 | | | 194.9 | | | 192.2 | | | 194.9 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
(in millions) | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Net income | | $ | 256 | | | $ | 175 | | | $ | 581 | | | $ | 392 | |
Comprehensive income adjustments: | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivative instruments, net of income tax (benefit) expense of $(1), $(1), $8, $— | | (7) | | | (2) | | | 23 | | | 4 | |
Defined benefit plan adjustments, net of income tax (benefit) expense of $—, $—, $—, $— | | (4) | | | — | | | (6) | | | — | |
Foreign currency translation, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $84, $(23), $111, $39 | | (281) | | | 58 | | | (321) | | | (120) | |
Reclassification adjustments: | | | | | | | | |
Reclassifications on derivative instruments included in net income, net of income tax benefit of $4, $—, $4, $1 | | 14 | | | 3 | | | 13 | | | 4 | |
Comprehensive (loss) income | | (22) | | | 234 | | | 290 | | | 280 | |
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (5) | |
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to IQVIA Holdings Inc. | | $ | (22) | | | $ | 234 | | | $ | 290 | | | $ | 275 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions, except per share data) | | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
ASSETS | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,428 | | | $ | 1,366 | |
Trade accounts receivable and unbilled services, net | | 2,679 | | | 2,551 | |
Prepaid expenses | | 188 | | | 156 | |
Income taxes receivable | | 44 | | | 58 | |
Investments in debt, equity and other securities | | 90 | | | 111 | |
Other current assets and receivables | | 482 | | | 521 | |
Total current assets | | 4,911 | | | 4,763 | |
Property and equipment, net | | 529 | | | 497 | |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | | 370 | | | 406 | |
Investments in debt, equity and other securities | | 67 | | | 76 | |
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | | 92 | | | 88 | |
Goodwill | | 13,104 | | | 13,301 | |
Other identifiable intangibles, net | | 4,733 | | | 4,943 | |
Deferred income taxes | | 120 | | | 124 | |
Deposits and other assets | | 487 | | | 491 | |
Total assets | | $ | 24,413 | | | $ | 24,689 | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | $ | 2,847 | | | $ | 2,981 | |
Unearned income | | 1,810 | | | 1,825 | |
Income taxes payable | | 118 | | | 137 | |
Current portion of long-term debt | | 152 | | | 91 | |
Other current liabilities | | 177 | | | 207 | |
Total current liabilities | | 5,104 | | | 5,241 | |
Long-term debt, less current portion | | 12,615 | | | 12,034 | |
Deferred income taxes | | 494 | | | 410 | |
Operating lease liabilities | | 285 | | | 313 | |
Other liabilities | | 563 | | | 649 | |
Total liabilities | | 19,061 | | | 18,647 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | |
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, 400.0 shares authorized as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $0.01 par value, 256.3 shares issued and 186.6 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2022; 255.8 shares issued and 190.6 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | | 10,790 | | | 10,777 | |
Retained earnings | | 2,824 | | | 2,243 | |
Treasury stock, at cost, 69.7 and 65.2 shares as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively | | (7,565) | | | (6,572) | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | (697) | | | (406) | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | 5,352 | | | 6,042 | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 24,413 | | | $ | 24,689 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, |
(in millions) | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Operating activities: | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 581 | | | $ | 392 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 525 | | | 666 | |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount | | 7 | | | 10 | |
Stock-based compensation | | 75 | | | 80 | |
Losses (earnings) from unconsolidated affiliates | | 5 | | | (5) | |
Loss (gain) on investments, net | | 29 | | | (9) | |
Benefit from deferred income taxes | | (28) | | | (43) | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | |
Change in accounts receivable, unbilled services and unearned income | | (143) | | | 481 | |
Change in other operating assets and liabilities | | (214) | | | (166) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | 837 | | | 1,406 | |
Investing activities: | | | | |
Acquisition of property, equipment and software | | (338) | | | (294) | |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | | (464) | | | (65) | |
Purchases of marketable securities, net | | (3) | | | (8) | |
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net of payments received | | (10) | | | (3) | |
Proceeds from sale of equity securities | | — | | | 9 | |
Other | | 3 | | | — | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | (812) | | | (361) | |
Financing activities: | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | | 1,250 | | | 1,751 | |
Payment of debt issuance costs | | (5) | | | (32) | |
Repayment of debt and principal payments on finance leases | | (47) | | | (1,794) | |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | | 1,150 | | | — | |
Repayment of revolving credit facility | | (1,250) | | | — | |
Payments related to employee stock option plans | | (69) | | | (55) | |
Repurchase of common stock | | (893) | | | (107) | |
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Acquisition of Quest's non-controlling interest | | — | | | (756) | |
Contingent consideration and deferred purchase price payments | | (21) | | | (38) | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | 115 | | | (1,031) | |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash | | (78) | | | (21) | |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | 62 | | | (7) | |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | 1,366 | | | 1,814 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 1,428 | | | $ | 1,807 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | Common Stock Shares | | Treasury Stock Shares | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Treasury Stock | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2021 | | 255.8 | | | (65.2) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 10,774 | | | $ | 2,243 | | | $ | (6,572) | | | $ | (406) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,042 | |
Issuance of common stock | | 0.4 | | | — | | | — | | | (67) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (67) | |
Repurchase of common stock | | — | | | (1.7) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (403) | | | — | | | — | | | (403) | |
Stock-based compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 35 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 35 | |
Net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 325 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 325 | |
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 30 | | | — | | | 30 | |
Defined benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | — | | | (2) | |
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (40) | | | — | | | (40) | |
Reclassification adjustments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
Balance, March 31, 2022 | | 256.2 | | | (66.9) | | | 3 | | | 10,742 | | | 2,568 | | | (6,975) | | | (419) | | | — | | | 5,919 | |
Issuance of common stock | | 0.1 | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | |
Repurchase of common stock | | — | | | (2.8) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (590) | | | — | | | — | | | (590) | |
Stock-based compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 47 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 47 | |
Net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 256 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 256 | |
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (7) | | | — | | | (7) | |
Defined benefit plan adjustments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (4) | | | — | | | (4) | |
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (281) | | | — | | | (281) | |
Reclassification adjustments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 14 | | | — | | | 14 | |
Balance, June 30, 2022 | | 256.3 | | | (69.7) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 10,787 | | | $ | 2,824 | | | $ | (7,565) | | | $ | (697) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,352 | |
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(in millions) | | Common Stock Shares | | Treasury Stock Shares | | Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Treasury Stock | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | | Non- controlling Interests | | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2020 | | 254.7 | | | (63.5) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 11,092 | | | $ | 1,277 | | | $ | (6,166) | | | $ | (205) | | | $ | 279 | | | $ | 6,280 | |
Issuance of common stock | | 0.7 | | | — | | | — | | | (57) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (57) | |
Repurchase of common stock | | — | | | (0.3) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (62) | | | — | | | — | | | (62) | |
Stock-based compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 30 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 30 | |
Net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 212 | | | — | | | — | | | 5 | | | 217 | |
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 6 | | | — | | | 6 | |
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (178) | | | — | | | (178) | |
Reclassification adjustments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | |
Balance, March 31, 2021 | | 255.4 | | | (63.8) | | | 3 | | | 11,065 | | | 1,489 | | | (6,228) | | | (376) | | | 284 | | | 6,237 | |
Issuance of common stock | | 0.2 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
Repurchase of common stock | | — | | | (0.2) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (45) | | | — | | | — | | | (45) | |
Stock-based compensation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 42 | |
Acquisition of Quest's non-controlling interest, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (415) | | | — | | | — | | | (10) | | | (284) | | | (709) | |
Net income | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 175 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 175 | |
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2) | | | — | | | (2) | |
Foreign currency translation, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 58 | | | — | | | 58 | |
Reclassification adjustments, net of tax | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3 | | | — | | | 3 | |
Balance, June 30, 2021 | | 255.6 | | | (64) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 10,693 | | | $ | 1,664 | | | $ | (6,273) | | | $ | (327) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 5,760 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
IQVIA HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company
IQVIA Holdings Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “IQVIA”) is a leading global provider of advanced analytics, technology solutions and clinical research services to the life sciences industry. With approximately 83,000 employees, IQVIA conducts business in more than 100 countries.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations have been included. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022. As such, the information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, but does not include all the disclosures required by GAAP.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
Accounting pronouncements adopted
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued new accounting guidance that requires contract assets and contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under current GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers and other similar contracts that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, at fair value on the acquisition date. Generally, this new guidance will result in the acquirer recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. The Company adopted this new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2022. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The impact of this guidance on the Company's consolidated financial statements for the remainder of the year will depend on the size and nature of future acquisitions, if any.
2. Revenues by Geography, Concentration of Credit Risk and Remaining Performance Obligations
The following tables represent revenues by geographic region and reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
(in millions) | | Technology & Analytics Solutions | | Research & Development Solutions | | Contract Sales & Medical Solutions | | Total |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Americas | | $ | 716 | | | $ | 866 | | | $ | 88 | | | $ | 1,670 | |
Europe and Africa | | 540 | | | 532 | | | 43 | | | 1,115 | |
Asia-Pacific | | 152 | | | 552 | | | 52 | | | 756 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 1,408 | | | $ | 1,950 | | | $ | 183 | | | $ | 3,541 | |
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| Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
(in millions) | | Technology & Analytics Solutions | | Research & Development Solutions | | Contract Sales & Medical Solutions | | Total |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Americas | | $ | 635 | | | $ | 935 | | | $ | 86 | | | $ | 1,656 | |
Europe and Africa | | 565 | | | 507 | | | 42 | | | 1,114 | |
Asia-Pacific | | 153 | | | 449 | | | 66 | | | 668 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 1,353 | | | $ | 1,891 | | | $ | 194 | | | $ | 3,438 | |
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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 |
(in millions) | | Technology & Analytics Solutions | | Research & Development Solutions | | Contract Sales & Medical Solutions | | Total |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Americas | | $ | 1,397 | | | $ | 1,812 | | | $ | 179 | | | $ | 3,388 | |
Europe and Africa | | 1,136 | | | 1,039 | | | 89 | | | 2,264 | |
Asia-Pacific | | 314 | | | 1,033 | | | 110 | | | 1,457 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 2,847 | | | $ | 3,884 | | | $ | 378 | | | $ | 7,109 | |
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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |
(in millions) | | Technology & Analytics Solutions | | Research & Development Solutions | | Contract Sales & Medical Solutions | | Total |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Americas | | $ | 1,235 | | | $ | 1,969 | | | $ | 164 | | | $ | 3,368 | |
Europe and Africa | | 1,155 | | | 950 | | | 91 | | | 2,196 | |
Asia-Pacific | | 311 | | | 840 | | | 132 | | | 1,283 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 2,701 | | | $ | 3,759 | | | $ | 387 | | | $ | 6,847 | |
No individual customer represented 10% or more of consolidated revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 or 2021.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
As of June 30, 2022, approximately $28.7 billion of revenue is expected to be recognized in the future from remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 30% of these remaining performance obligations over the next twelve months, with the balance recognized thereafter. The customer contract transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations differs from backlog in that it does not include wholly unperformed contracts under which the customer has a unilateral right to cancel the arrangement.
3. Trade Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Services and Unearned Income
Trade accounts receivables and unbilled services consist of the following: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Billed | | $ | 1,261 | | | $ | 1,275 | |
Unbilled services | | 1,446 | | | 1,309 | |
Trade accounts receivable and unbilled services | | 2,707 | | | 2,584 | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | (28) | | | (33) | |
Trade accounts receivable and unbilled services, net | | $ | 2,679 | | | $ | 2,551 | |
Unbilled services and unearned income were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 | | Change |
Unbilled services | | $ | 1,446 | | | $ | 1,309 | | | $ | 137 | |
Unearned income | | (1,810) | | | (1,825) | | | 15 | |
Net balance | | $ | (364) | | | $ | (516) | | | $ | 152 | |
Unbilled services, which is comprised of approximately 61% and 62% of unbilled receivables and 39% and 38% of contract assets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, increased by $137 million as compared to December 31, 2021. Contract assets are unbilled services for which invoicing is based on the timing of certain milestones related to service contracts for clinical research whereas unbilled receivables are billable upon the passage of time. Unearned income decreased by $15 million over the same period resulting in an increase of $152 million in the net balance of unbilled services and unearned income between December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022. The change in the net balance is driven by the difference in timing of revenue recognition in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, primarily related to the Company’s Research & Development Solutions contracts (which is based on the percentage of costs incurred) versus the timing of invoicing, which is based on certain milestones.
Bad debt expense recognized on the Company’s receivables and unbilled services was de minimis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
4. Goodwill
The following is a summary of goodwill by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2022:
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(in millions) | | Technology & Analytics Solutions | | Research & Development Solutions | | Contract Sales & Medical Solutions | | Consolidated |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | | $ | 11,337 | | | $ | 1,802 | | | $ | 162 | | | $ | 13,301 | |
Business combinations | | 72 | | | 237 | | | — | | | 309 | |
Impact of foreign currency fluctuations and other | | (471) | | | (25) | | | (10) | | | (506) | |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | | $ | 10,938 | | | $ | 2,014 | | | $ | 152 | | | $ | 13,104 | |
5. Derivatives
The fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments and the line items on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets to which they were recorded are summarized in the following table:
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(in millions) | | Balance Sheet Classification | | June 30, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
| | Assets | | Liabilities | | Notional | | Assets | | Liabilities | | Notional |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | | Other current assets and liabilities | | $ | — | | | $ | 10 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 110 | |
Interest rate swaps | | Other current assets, other assets and liabilities | | 35 | | | — | | | 1,800 | | | 4 | | | 24 | | | 1,800 | |
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Total derivatives | | | | $ | 35 | | | $ | 10 | | | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 27 | | | |
The pre-tax effect of the Company’s cash flow hedging instruments on other comprehensive income is summarized in the following table:
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| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, |
(in millions) | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | | $ | (5) | | | $ | (2) | | | $ | (7) | | | $ | (4) | |
Interest rate swaps | | 15 | | | 3 | | | 55 | | | 13 | |
Total | | $ | 10 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 48 | | | $ | 9 | |
The amount of foreign exchange gains related to the net investment hedge included in the cumulative translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“AOCI”) for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was $466 million and $206 million, respectively.
6. Fair Value Measurements
The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value is described below. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The carrying values of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their fair values as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 due to their short-term nature. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of total debt approximated $12,050 million and $12,255 million, respectively, as determined under Level 1 and Level 2 measurements for these financial instruments.