Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of its known or expected cash payments principally related to its borrowings.

Derivative Instruments

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty at the end of each period in which the interest rate exceeds the agreed fixed price. The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The Company requires that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. As a result, there is no significant ineffectiveness from any of its derivative activities.

The accounting for changes in fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. For a derivative that is designated and that qualifies as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Amounts recorded in AOCI are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had three interest rate caps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with its existing $150.0 million of variable-rate term loans. The caps have an aggregate notional value of $150 million and will effectively cap the annual interest rate payable at 4.0% plus 1.20% to 1.70%, depending on leverage, with respect to $50.0 million for the period from December 1, 2014 (effective date) to May 4, 2021, $50.0 million for the period from September 1, 2015 (effective date) to April 1, 2019 and $50.0 million for the period from September 1, 2015 (effective date) to February 3, 2020. The Company is required to make certain monthly variable rate payments on the term loans, while the applicable counterparty is obligated to make certain monthly floating rate payments based on LIBOR to the Company in the event LIBOR is greater than 4.0%, referencing the same notional amount.

The Company records all derivative instruments on a gross basis in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and accordingly, there are no offsetting amounts that net assets against liabilities. The following table presents a summary of the Company’s derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments (dollars in thousands):



Derivative Instrument	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Interest Rate Strike		Fair Value				Notional Amount
Derivative Instrument	Effective Date	Maturity Date	Interest Rate Strike		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets:
Interest rate cap	12/1/2014	5/4/2021	4.0	%	$	2	$	25	$	50,000	$	50,000
Interest rate cap	9/1/2015	4/1/2019	4.0	%	—		—		50,000		50,000
Interest rate cap	9/1/2015	2/3/2020	4.0	%	—		1		50,000		50,000
Total					$	2	$	26	$	150,000	$	150,000

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to interest expense in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings on the Company’s variable rate debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings into interest expense.

The following table presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on its accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):



	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Interest rate caps in cash flow hedging relationships:
Amount of gain recognized in AOCI on derivatives (effective portion)	$	87	$	55
Amount of gain reclassified from AOCI into interest expense (effective portion)	$	87	$	55

The Company estimates that approximately $0.3 million will be reclassified from AOCI as an increase to interest expense over the next twelve months.