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Share-Based Compensation Plan
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation Plan Share-Based Compensation Plan
The Company maintains the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (as amended, the "Plan"), to attract and retain independent trustees, executive officers and other key employees and service providers. The Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase common shares, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units and other equity-based awards. Share awards under the Plan vest over a period determined by the Board of Trustees, generally over three to five years. The Company pays or accrues for dividends on share-based awards. All share awards are subject to full or partial accelerated vesting upon a change in control and upon death or disability or certain other employment termination events as set forth in the award agreements. As of December 31, 2021, there were 1,809,516 common shares available for issuance under the Plan.
Service Condition Share Awards
From time to time, the Company awards restricted common shares under the Plan to members of the Board of Trustees, officers and employees. These shares generally vest over three to five years based on continued service or employment.
The following table provides a summary of service condition restricted share activity as of December 31, 2021:
SharesWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2019127,732 $32.22 
Granted88,430 $32.64 
Vested(66,276)$30.20 
Forfeited(707)$32.70 
Unvested at December 31, 2019149,179 $33.37 
Granted390,242 $23.62 
Vested(72,824)$33.13 
Forfeited(6,787)$27.68 
Cancelled(217,083)$25.53 
Unvested at December 31, 2020242,727 $24.94 
Granted415,531 $22.69 
Vested(81,591)$30.41 
Forfeited(9,236)$23.37 
Unvested at December 31, 2021567,431 $22.53 
The fair value of each of these service condition restricted share awards is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the grant date and compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. In March 2020, the Company canceled the February 2020 service condition share award (retention grant) and as a result accelerated and recognized an expense of $5.5 million. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company recognized approximately $4.1 million, $8.1 million, and $2.4 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to these awards in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2021, there was $8.8 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted shares. The unrecognized share-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 3.2 years.
Performance-Based Equity Awards
On December 13, 2013, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 252,088 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company that were eligible for vesting in January 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The actual number of common shares that vested was based on the two performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance beginning on the grant date and ending on the applicable vesting date. Based upon the extent to which the performance criteria had been met, the Company issued 25,134, 12,285, 72,236 and 35,471 common shares in January 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, and 27,881 common shares in February 2020.
On February 10, 2016, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 100,919 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company. In January 2019, these awards were vested and the Company issued 142,173 and 31,146 common shares to officers and employees, respectively. The actual number of common shares that vested was based on the three performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2018.
On February 15, 2017, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 81,939 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company. In January 2020, these awards vested and the Company issued 1,972 and 405 common shares to officers and employees, respectively. The actual number of common shares that vested was based on the two performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2019.
On February 14, 2018, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 78,918 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company. In January 2021, none of these awards vested and the Company issued no common shares to officers or employees. The actual number of common shares that vested was based on the two performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2020.
On February 13, 2019, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 126,891 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company. These awards will vest, if at all, in 2022. The actual number of common shares that ultimately vest will be from 0% to 200% of the target award and will be determined in 2022 based on the two performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2021.
On February 12, 2020, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 161,777 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company. These awards will vest, if at all, in 2023. The actual number of common shares that ultimately vest will be from 0% to 200% of the target award and will be determined in 2023 based on the performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022.
On February 18, 2021, the Board of Trustees approved a target award of 189,348 performance-based equity awards to officers and employees of the Company. These awards will vest, if at all, in 2024. The actual number of common shares that ultimately vest will be from 0% to 200% of the target award and will be determined in 2024 based on the performance criteria defined in the award agreements for the period of performance from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2023.
The grant date fair value of the performance awards, with market conditions, were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method with the following assumptions (dollars in millions):
Performance Award Grant DatePercentage of Total AwardGrant Date Fair Value by ComponentVolatilityInterest RateDividend Yield
December 13, 2013
Relative Total Shareholder Return50.00%$4.729.00%
0.34% - 2.25%
2.40%
Absolute Total Shareholder Return50.00%$2.929.00%
0.34% - 2.25%
2.40%
February 10, 2016
Relative Total Shareholder Return70.00%$1.625.00%0.71%3.00%
Absolute Total Shareholder Return15.00%$0.225.00%0.71%3.00%
EBITDA Comparison15.00%$0.425.00%0.71%3.00%
February 15, 2017
Relative and Absolute Total Shareholder Return
65.00% / 35.00%
$2.728.00%1.27%5.60%
February 14, 2018
Relative and Absolute Total Shareholder Return
65.00% / 35.00%
$3.528.00%2.37%4.70%
February 13, 2019
Relative and Absolute Total Shareholder Return
65.00% / 35.00%
$4.526.00%2.52%4.20%
February 12, 2020
Relative Total Shareholder Return100.00%$4.923.40%1.41%—%
February 18, 2021
Relative Total Shareholder Return100.00%$6.056.00%0.19%—%
In the table above, the Relative Total Shareholder Return and Absolute Total Shareholder Return components are market conditions as defined by ASC 718. The EBITDA Comparison component is a performance condition as defined by ASC 718, and, therefore, compensation expense related to this component will be reassessed at each reporting date based on the Company's estimate of the probable level of achievement, and the accrual of compensation expense will be adjusted as appropriate.
Dividends on unvested performance-based equity awards accrue over the vesting period and will be paid on the actual number of shares that vest at the end of the applicable period. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis through the vesting date. As of December 31, 2021, there was approximately $5.8 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to these performance-based equity awards which will be recognized over the weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.7 years. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company recognized approximately $4.9 million, $4.1 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of share-based compensation expense related to performance-based equity awards in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Long-Term Incentive Partnership ("LTIP") Units
LTIP units, which are also referred to as profits interest units, may be issued to eligible participants for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Operating Partnership. LTIP units are a class of partnership unit in the Operating Partnership and receive, whether vested or not, the same per-unit profit distributions as the other outstanding units in the Operating Partnership, which equal per-share distributions on common shares. LTIP units are allocated their pro-rata share of the Company's net income (loss). Vested LTIP units may be converted by the holder, at any time, into an equal number of common Operating Partnership units and thereafter will possess all of the rights and interests of a common Operating Partnership unit, including the right to redeem the common Operating Partnership unit for a common share in the Company or cash, at the option of the Operating Partnership.
As of December 31, 2021, the Operating Partnership had two classes of LTIP units, LTIP Class A units and LTIP Class B units. All of the outstanding LTIP units are held by officers of the Company.
On December 13, 2013, the Board of Trustees approved a grant of 226,882 LTIP Class B units to executive officers of the Company. These LTIP units were subject to time-based vesting in five equal annual installments beginning January 1, 2016 and ending on January 1, 2020. The fair value of each award was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the grant date of $29.19 per unit. The aggregate grant date fair value of the LTIP Class B units was $6.6 million.
On February 12, 2020, the Board of Trustees granted 415,818 LTIP Class B units to executive officers of the Company. These LTIP units were to vest ratably on January 1, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. In March 2020, the Company canceled this grant and as a result accelerated and recognized the full expense of $10.5 million.
On July 24, 2020, 109,240 LTIP Class B units were redeemed for common shares.
On February 18, 2021, the Board of Trustees granted 600,097 LTIP Class B units to executive officers of the Company. These LTIP units vest ratably on January 1, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026, contingent upon continued employment with the Company. The fair value of each award was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the grant date of $22.69 per unit. The aggregate grant date fair value of the LTIP Class B units was $13.6 million.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Operating Partnership had 727,208 and 127,111 LTIP units outstanding, respectively. Of the 727,208 LTIP units outstanding at December 31, 2021, 127,111 LTIP units have vested. Only vested LTIP units may be converted to common units of the Operating Partnership, which in turn can be tendered for redemption.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized approximately $2.4 million, $10.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in expense related to these LTIP units. As of December 31, 2021, there was $11.2 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to LTIP units. The aggregate expense related to the LTIP unit grants is presented as non-controlling interest in the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets.