UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For
the quarterly period ended
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days.
☒ NO ☐
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| Smaller
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| Emerging
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
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Nova LifeStyle, Inc.
Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2022
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Advance to suppliers | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Noncurrent Assets | ||||||||
| Plant, property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Lease deposit | ||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||
| Total Noncurrent Assets | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 1 |
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONT’D)
AS OF JUNE 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2022
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liability, current | ||||||||
| Advance from customers | ||||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other payables | ||||||||
| Income tax payable | ||||||||
| Other loan interest payable | ||||||||
| Current liabilities of discontinued operations | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Noncurrent Liabilities | ||||||||
| Other Loan | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability, non-current | ||||||||
| Income tax payable | ||||||||
| Total Noncurrent Liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Contingencies and Commitments | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized, and shares issued and outstanding; as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accumulated deficits | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 2 |
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS AND THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Three Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Cost of Sales | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross (Loss) Profit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss From Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Income (Expenses) | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-operating income | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange transaction (loss) income | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Interest (expense) income, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Financial expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total Other Expenses, Net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes and Discontinued Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income Tax Expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Loss From Continuing Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Loss From Discontinued Operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Loss | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic and Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted | $ | $ | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Net loss per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 3 |
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Accumulated | Retained | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Earnings | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Paid-in | Comprehensive | (Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Income | Deficits) | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to employees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to consultants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to designer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fractional shares due to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Accumulated | Retained | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Earnings | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Paid-in | Comprehensive | (Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Income | Deficits) | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to employees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to consultants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 4 |
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
| Accumulated | Retained | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Earnings | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Paid-in | Comprehensive | (Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Income | Deficits) | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to employees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to consultants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to designer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fractional shares due to | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
| Accumulated | Retained | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Earnings | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Paid-in | Comprehensive | (Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Income | Deficits) | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to employees | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock issued to consultants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 5 |
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||
| Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Write down of inventories | ||||||||
| Stock based compensation expense | ||||||||
| Changes in bad debt allowance | ( | ) | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Advance to suppliers | ( | ) | ||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Advance from customers | ||||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other payables | ||||||||
| Taxes payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Continuing Operations | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Discontinued Operations | ||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Cash Used in Continuing Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Cash Used in Discontinued Operations | ||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Continuing Operations | ||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Discontinued Operations | ||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | ||||||||
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period | ||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Ending of Period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | ||||||||
| Continuing operations: | ||||||||
| Cash paid during period for: | ||||||||
| Income tax payments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest expense | $ | $ | ||||||
| Discontinued operations: | ||||||||
| Cash paid during period for: | ||||||||
| Income tax payments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest expense | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 6 |
NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE SIX AND THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022 (UNAUDITED)
Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business
Organization and Business
Nova LifeStyle, Inc. (“Nova LifeStyle” or the “Company”), formerly known as Stevens Resources, Inc., was incorporated in the State of Nevada on September 9, 2009.
The Company is a U.S. holding company with no material assets other than the ownership interests of its subsidiaries through which it markets, designs and sells furniture worldwide: Nova Furniture Limited domiciled in the British Virgin Islands (“Nova Furniture”), Nova Furniture Ltd. domiciled in Samoa (“Nova Samoa”), Diamond Bar Outdoors, Inc. domiciled in California (“Diamond Bar”) and Nova Living (M) SDN. BHD. domiciled in Malaysia (“Nova Malaysia”). The Company had three former subsidiaries Bright Swallow International Group Limited domiciled in Hong Kong (“Bright Swallow” or “BSI”) which was sold in January 2020, Nova Furniture Macao Commercial Offshore Limited domiciled in Macao (“Nova Macao”) which was de-registered and liquidated in January 2021 and Nova Living (HK) Group Limited domiciled in Hong Kong (“Nova HK”) which was de-registered and liquidated in February 2023.
Nova Macao was organized under the laws of Macao on May 20, 2006, and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova Furniture. Nova Macao was a trading company, importing, marketing and selling products designed and manufactured by third-party manufacturers for the international market. Diamond Bar was incorporated in California on June 15, 2000. Diamond Bar markets and sells products manufactured by third-party manufacturers under the Diamond Sofa brand to distributors and retailers principally in the U.S. market.
On December 7, 2017, Nova LifeStyle incorporated i Design Blockchain Technology, Inc. (“i Design”) under the laws of the State of California. The purpose of i Design is to build the Company’s own blockchain technology team. This company will focus on the application of blockchain technology in the furniture industry, including encouraging and facilitating interactions among designers and customers, and building a blockchain-powered platform that enables designers to showcase their products, including current and future furniture designs. This company is in the planning stage and has had minimal operations through June 30, 2023.
On
December 12, 2019, Nova LifeStyle acquired Nova Malaysia at cost of $
On
January 7, 2020, the Company transferred its entire interest in Bright Swallow to Y-Tone (Worldwide) Limited, an unrelated third party,
for cash consideration of $
On October 14, 2020, the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute invalidated licenses for offshore companies under an Order of Repeal of Legal Regime of the Offshore Services by Macao Special Administrative Region. Nova Macao then entered into a de-registration process and its business was taken over by Nova HK. Nova Macao completed the de-registration and liquidation process in January 2021.
| 7 |
On
November 5, 2020, Nova LifeStyle acquired Nova HK at cost of $
The “Company” and “Nova” collectively refer to Nova LifeStyle, the U.S. parent, and its subsidiaries, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Nova Macao, Diamond Bar, i Design, Nova HK and Nova Malaysia.
COVID-19
Beginning in 2020, a strain of novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has spread globally and the Company’s operations has been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, Nova Malaysia had not been able to operate in normal condition due to Malaysian government’s shut down orders which resulted in sales lagging and slow-moving inventories. The Company’s two showrooms in Kuala Lumpur were closed from March 2020 to May 2020 and closed again from August 2020 to March 5, 2021. Malaysia government imposed a new nationwide lockdown on May 12, 2021 until early June 2021, then the lockdown was extended to early October 2021. In October 2021, Malaysia government lifted lockdown order for people fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and our store has been reopened since then. In April 2022, Malaysia has also reopened the border for foreign visitors. However, COVID-19 in Malaysia increased financial vulnerability for those affected households and business, which contributed to significant decrease of sales and risk of continuous sluggish sales. The Company expects that the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the United States, Malaysia and world economies will also continue to have a material adverse impact on the demand for its products.
In 2022, there have been outbreaks of the Omicron variant of the COVID-19 in Hong Kong and many other cities in China, along with travel restrictions, mandatory COVID-19 tests, quarantine requirements and/or temporary closure of office buildings and facilities imposed by local governments. In December 2022, the Chinese government eased its strict zero COVID-19 policy which resulted in a surge of new COVID-19 cases during December 2022 and January 2023. Although our suppliers in China have not been materially and negatively impacted by such outbreaks, the government authorities may issue new orders of office closure, travel and transportation restrictions in China due to the resurgence of the COVID-19 and outbreak of new variants, which could cause the delay of the delivery from our suppliers in China.
The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that will continue to have on the Company’s business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict and quantify, as the actions that the Company, other businesses and governments may take to contain the spread of any COVID-19 outbreaks continue to evolve. Shipping of products from Asia has experienced significant delays since the onset of the pandemic and the costs of shipping from Asia have increased since the onset although the shipping cost has been back to normal since June 2022; and we have experienced and may continue to experience shipping disruptions in the future if there is any new outbreak of COVID-19. Because of the significant uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent of the future business interruption and the related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
The severity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business will continue to depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the new variants of COVID-19, the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and the extent and severity of the impact on the global supply chain and the Company’s customers, service providers and suppliers, all of which are uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted at this time. As of the date of issuance of the Company’s financial statements, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may in the future materially impact the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operations is uncertain. The Company is monitoring and assessing the evolving situation closely and evaluating its potential exposure.
| 8 |
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim condensed consolidated financial information as of June 30, 2023 and for the six months and three months periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The interim condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, previously filed with the SEC on April 17, 2023.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include all significant normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial position as of June 30, 2023, its interim condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
Reverse split
On
May 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada with an effective date of May 22, 2023,
at which time a
Use of Estimates
In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, the allowance for bad debt, valuation of inventories, the valuation of stock-based compensation, income taxes and unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, and loss contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Business Combination
For a business combination, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree are recognized at the acquisition date and measured at their fair values as of that date. In a business combination achieved in stages, the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, are recognized at the full amounts of their fair values. In a bargain purchase in which the total acquisition-date fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of the consideration transferred plus any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, that excess in earnings is recognized as a gain attributable to the acquirer.
Deferred tax liability and assets are recognized for the deferred tax consequences of differences between the tax bases and the recognized values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment, annually or more frequently when circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Impairment testing is performed at a reporting unit level. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with the fair value of the reporting unit determined using discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF analysis to forecast operating cash flows, including the discount rate, the internal rate of return and projections of realizations and costs to produce. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.
| 9 |
ASC
Topic 350 also permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood
of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If it is more
likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test
is required to be performed. Otherwise, no further testing is required. Performing the qualitative assessment involved identifying the
relevant drivers of fair value, evaluating the significance of all identified relevant events and circumstances, and weighing the factors
to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After evaluating
and weighing all these relevant events and circumstances, it was concluded that a positive assertion can be made from the qualitative
assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of Diamond Bar is greater than its carrying amount. As such, it is not
necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test for the Diamond Bar reporting unit. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2023 and December
31, 2022, the Company concluded there was
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
The Company’s accounts receivable arises from product sales. The Company does not adjust its receivables for the effects of a significant financing component at contract inception if it expects to collect the receivables in one year or less from the time of sale. The Company does not expect to collect receivables greater than one year from the time of sale.
The Company’s policy is to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. An analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
| Balance at January 1, 2023 | $ | |||
| Provision for the period | ( | ) | ||
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | $ |
The
bad debts (reversal) provision from continuing operations was ($
Advances to Suppliers
Advances to suppliers represent amounts paid to suppliers in advance for goods that are yet to be delivered and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the Company within the normal operating cycle. Based on its historical record and in normal circumstances, the Company receives goods within 4 to 6 months from the date the advance payment is made. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, freight transportation of products from the Company’s international suppliers has been delayed or suspended during the outbreak. Any provisions for allowance for advances to suppliers, if deemed necessary, are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no provision was made on advances to suppliers.
| 10 |
Inventories
Inventories
are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Write-down of potential obsolete
or slow moving inventories is recorded based on management’s assumptions about future demands and market conditions. The Company
wrote down $
Plant, Property and Equipment
Plant, property, and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with no salvage value and estimated lives as follows:
| Computer and office equipment | |
| Decoration and renovation |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. There was no impairment of long-lived assets for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Research and Development
Research
and development costs are related primarily to the Company designing and testing its new products during the development stage. Research
and development costs are recognized in general and administrative expenses and expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses
from continuing operations were $
| 11 |
Income Taxes
In
its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270 “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740
“Income Taxes” whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective rate in determining its income tax provision.
The income tax expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 are $
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company follows ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.
Under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
Nova
Lifestyle, Inc. and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. Nova Furniture BVI was incorporated in the BVI and
Nova Samoa was incorporated in Samoa. There is no income tax for companies domiciled in the BVI and Samoa. Accordingly, the Company’s
condensed consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provisions related to the BVI and Samoa tax jurisdictions where
Nova Furniture BVI and Nova Samoa are domiciled. Nova Malaysia is incorporated in Malaysia and is subject to Malaysia income taxes at
the statutory rate of
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings such as global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) under IRC Section 951A, which is effective for the Company for tax years beginning after January 1, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company has calculated its best estimate of the impact of the GILTI in its income tax provision in accordance with its understanding of the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing.
On
December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal
Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses (NOLs) arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
| 12 |
Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures immediately in the year incurred and requires taxpayers to amortize such expenditures over five years. While it is possible that Congress may defer, modify, or repeal this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, we have no assurance that this provision will be deferred, modified, or repealed. Furthermore, in anticipation of the new provision taking effect, we have analyzed the provision and worked with our advisors to evaluate its application to our business. Since all research and development expenditures were incurred within the U.S. and the amount is immaterial, we do not anticipate it having any material impact to our provision.
As
of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the accumulated undistributed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries were approximately
$
As
of June 30, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized,
would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties (“Gross UTB”) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
| Gross UTB | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Balance – January 1 and June 30 | $ | $ | ||||||
As
of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cumulatively accrued approximately $
Nova Lifestyle and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and tax years 2019-2022 remain open to examination by tax authorities in the U.S.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues when its customers obtain control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. The Company recognizes revenues following the five-step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identifies contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenues when (or as) it satisfies the performance obligation.
Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. The Company expenses incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that it would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial.
Revenues from product sales are recorded net of reserves established for applicable discounts and allowances that are offered within contracts with the Company’s customers.
Product revenue reserves, which are classified as a reduction in product revenues, are generally characterized in the following categories: discounts, returns and rebates. These reserves are based on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable as the amount is payable to the Company’s customer.
The Company’s sales policy allows for product returns within the warranty period if the product is defective and the defects are the Company’s fault. As alternatives to the product return option, the customers have the option of requesting a discount from the Company for products with quality issues or of receiving replacement parts from the Company at no cost. The amount for product returns, the discount provided to the Company’s customers, and the costs for replacement parts were immaterial for the six months and three months ended June 31, 2023 and 2022.
| 13 |
In
February 2023, the Company entered into a sales contract to transfer its entire inventory of Jade Mats, with the net realized value of
$
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of costs of finished goods purchased from third-party manufacturers and write-downs of inventory.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping
and handling costs related to delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses. During the six months ended June 30, 2023
and 2022, shipping and handling credits from continuing operations were ($
Advertising
Advertising
expenses consist primarily of costs of promotion and marketing for the Company’s image and products, and costs of direct advertising,
and are included in selling expenses. The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense from continuing operations
was $
The Company accounts for share-based compensation awards to officers, directors, employees, and for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that share-based payment transactions be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic net income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all the potential common shares pertaining to warrants, stock options, and similar instruments had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share are based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options and warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding unvested restricted stock, options and warrants, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible instruments. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later) and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, outstanding convertible instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).
| 14 |
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Three Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic and Diluted * | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted | ) | ) | ) | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net loss from discontinued operations income per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share of common stock | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and Diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | ) | ) | ||||||||||
| * |
For the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, shares of unvested restricted stock, vested stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, and shares exercisable under warrants were excluded from the EPS calculation, as their effect were anti-dilutive.
For the six months and three months ended June 30, 2022, shares of unvested restricted stock, vested stock options to purchase shares of common stock of the Company, and shares exercisable under warrants were excluded from the EPS calculation, as their effects were anti-dilutive.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition and payment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
One
customer accounted for
No
customer accounted for
The
Company purchased its products from two major vendors during the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, accounting for
a total of
| 15 |
The
Company purchased its products from three and two major vendors during six and three months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, accounting
for a total of
Advances
made to these major vendors were $
No
vendor accounted for
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
| ● | Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| ● | Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
| ● | Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. |
The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, other receivables, accounts payable, advance from customers, other payables and accrued liabilities approximate estimated fair values because of their short maturities.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollar (“$” or “USD”), which is also the functional currency of Nova LifeStyle, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Diamond Bar, Nova HK and i Design.
The Company’s subsidiary with operations in Malaysia uses its local currency, the Malaysian Ringgit (“RM”), as its functional currency. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates, which is the currency of the environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. Management’s judgment is essential to determine the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements.
Foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are re-measured at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency re-measurement are included in the statements of operations.
The financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the average of the exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Stockholders’ equity accounts are translated using the historical exchange rates at the date the entry to stockholders’ equity was recorded, except for the change in retained earnings during the period, which is translated using the historical exchange rates used to translate each period’s income statement. Differences resulting from translating functional currencies to the reporting currency are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the balance sheets.
| 16 |
Translation of amounts from RM into U.S. dollars has been made at the following exchange rates:
| Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | ||||
| June 30, 2023 | RM | |||
| December 31, 2022 | RM | |||
| Income Statement and cash flow items | ||||
| For the six months ended June 30, 2023 | RM | |||
| For the six months ended June 30, 2022 | RM |
Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.
Management determined that the Company’s operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280. The Company operates exclusively in one business and industry segment: the design and sale of furniture.
Management
concluded that the Company had
All of the Company’s long-lived assets are mainly property, plant and equipment located in the United States and Malaysia and are utilized for administrative purposes.
Net sales to customers by geographic area are determined by reference to the physical product shipment delivery locations requested by the customers. For example, if the products are delivered to a customer in the United States, the sales are recorded as generated in the United States; if the customer directs us to ship its products to China, the sales are recorded as sold in China.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for the operating lease, the Company generally uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU assets”) assets represent the Company’s right to control the use of an identified asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are generally recognized based on the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. ROU assets from operating and finance leases are subject to the impairment guidance in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, as ROU assets are long-lived nonfinancial assets.
ROU assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group if the cash flows related to the ROU asset are not independent from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities.
| 17 |
The Company recognized no impairment of ROU assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The operating lease is included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities-current and operating lease liabilities-non-current on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Reclassification
Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified in conformity with current period’s presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 replaces the probable, incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. Am entity should apply ASU 2016-13 on a modified-retrospective transition approach that would require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings in the balance sheets as of the date of adoption. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for trouble debt restructurings by creditors and enhances the disclosure requirements for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires disclosure of gross writeoffs by year of origination for receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost, which should be applied prospectively. Both ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 are effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the two-step goodwill impairment test, under which a goodwill impairment loss was measured by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). This Update is effective for smaller reporting companies for their annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which is required to be applied prospectively from the date of adoption. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 for its interim and annual goodwill impairment tests beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company applied the new standard beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of the new standard did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
| 18 |
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This Update requires certain annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. This Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and early application is permitted. This guidance should be applied either prospectively to all transactions that are reflected in financial statements at the date of initial application and new transactions that are entered into after the date of initial application or retrospectively to those transactions. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-10 did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Lease (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements, which clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with leases between entities under common control (hereinafter referred to as common control lease). ASU 2023-01 requires entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control lease over the useful life to the common control group (regardless of the lease term) as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease, and to account for any remaining leasehold improvements as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity when the lessee no longer controls the underlying asset. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. An entity may apply ASU 2023-01 either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-01 will have on our consolidated financial statement presentations and disclosures.
The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.
Note 3 - Discontinued Operations
On February 15, 2022, the Company transferred its entire assets and business in Nova HK to Nova Malaysia, a subsidiary of the Company. In February 2023, Nova HK was officially completed deregistration in Hong Kong.
As of December 31, 2021 and subsequently, operations of Nova HK have been reported as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows related to Nova HK have been reclassified in the consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
The following table summarizes the net assets of Nova HK at the date of disposal (February 15, 2022):
| Inventory | $ | |||
| Equipment, net | ||||
| Net assets of Nova HK upon disposal | ||||
| Interest transferred to Nova Malaysia | ( | ) | ||
| Loss from discontinued operations of subsidiary | $ | ( | ) |
| 19 |
The following table presents the components of discontinued operations in relation to Nova HK reported in the consolidated statements of operations:
| June 30, 2022 | ||||
| Sales | $ | |||
| Cost of sales | ||||
| Operating expenses | ( | ) | ||
| Other (expense) income, net | ( | ) | ||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ||
| Income tax benefit | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | $ | ( | ) | |
Note 4 - Inventories
The
inventories as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $
Inventories
are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Write-down of potential obsolete
or slow moving inventories is recorded based on management’s assumptions about future demands and market conditions. The
Company wrote down $
Note 5 - Plant, Property and Equipment, Net
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, plant, property and equipment consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Computer and office equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Decoration and renovation | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Depreciation
expense was $
Note 6 – Intangible Assets
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, intangible assets consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Accounting software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Virtual and augmented reality software | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Amortization
expense was $
On
May 10, 2023, the virtual reality and augmented reality development project was completed and put it in use. The total payment to IT
firm was
| 20 |
Note 7 - Advances to Suppliers
The
Company makes advances to certain vendors for inventory purchases. The advances on inventory purchases were $
Note 8 - Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables
Prepaid expenses and other receivables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Prepaid expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
As
of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, prepaid expenses and other receivables mainly represented prepaid insurance, prepaid advertising
expense, and Celero and Cardknox account balances. In
October 2022, Nova Malaysia entered into a business agreement with an I.T. firm to develop a virtual reality and augmented reality development
project and related works. Nova Malaysia agreed to pay
Note 9 - Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables
Accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Other payables | $ | $ | ||||||
| Salary payable | ||||||||
| Financed insurance premiums | ||||||||
| Auditing fee | ||||||||
| Warranty liability | ||||||||
| Accrued commission | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses, others | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other accrued expenses mainly included legal and professional fees, utilities and unpaid operating expenses incurred in Malaysia. Other payables represented balance on credit card, other taxes payable and 401(k) payable.
Note 10 - Other Loans
On
June 19, 2020, Diamond Bar was granted a U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) loan in the aggregate amount of $
| 21 |
Note 11 - Related Party Transactions
On
September 30, 2011,
On
January 4, 2018, the Company entered into a sales representative agreement with a consulting firm, which is owned by the President, Chief
Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board, for sales representative service for a term of
In
September 2021, Nova Malaysia entered into a consultancy agreement with an I.T. firm whose sole shareholder was a director of Nova Macao
to provide E-Commerce Web Application Setup, E-Commerce Essentials Implementation, E-Commerce UIUX and other related services. During
the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $
Note 12 - Stockholders’ Equity
On May 28, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) at its annual meeting. The 2021 Plan was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company on April 12, 2021 and has a total of shares of the Company’s common stock which may be granted as stock reward to attract and retain personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of the Company’s business. On June 16, 2021, the Company filed Form S-8 to register the shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2021 Plan.
Shares and Warrants issued through Private Placement
On
July 23, 2021, the Company conducted a registered direct offering of shares of common stock. The shares were offered and sold
by the Company pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”) on October 8, 2020 and subsequently declared effective on October 15, 2020. Additionally, the Company issued
to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of
In
conjunction with this offering, the Company issued warrants to purchase
| 22 |
The
warrants issued in the private placement described above are exercisable for a fixed number of shares, and are classified as equity instruments
under ASC 815-40-25-10. The Company accounted for the warrants issued in the private placement based on the fair value method under ASC
Topic 505, and the fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes model under the following assumptions: estimated
life of years, volatility of %, risk-free interest rate of % and dividend yield of %. No estimate of forfeitures was made
as the Company has a short history of granting options and warrants. The fair value of the warrants issued to investors and placement
agent at grant date was $
Warrants
The following is a summary of the warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:
Number of Warrants | Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
| Exercisable at January 1, 2023 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||
| Exercised / surrendered | - | |||||||||||
| Expired | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
| Exercisable at June 30, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
Shares Issued to Consultants
On
November 2, 2021, the Company entered into an information technology consulting agreement with a consultant for analyzing and developing
the Company’s information technology infrastructure and system, and related general business advisory services effective on November
2, 2021 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, shares
issued before the end of November 2021 and remaining shares will be issued on the one-year anniversary of the agreement. The fair
value of the shares was $
On
November 2, 2021, the Company entered into a marketing consulting agreement with a consultant for developing branding and marketing strategies,
analyzing and evaluating consumer data services effective on November 2, 2021 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant
shares of the Company’s common stock, shares issued before the end of November 2021 and remaining shares were
issued on the one-year anniversary of the agreement. The fair value of the shares was $
On
November 11, 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for consulting and strategy services effective on
November 16, 2021 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting
% on February 15, 2022, % on May 15, 2022, % on August 15, 2022 and % on November 15, 2022. The fair value of the shares
was $
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On January 28, 2022, the Company
entered into an advisory service agreement with a designer for advising furniture design concept and development effective on
February 1, 2022 for
On
July 1, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for consulting and strategy services effective on July
1, 2022 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting %
on July 1, 2022, % on October 1, 2022, % on January 1, 2023 and % on April 1, 2023. The fair value of the shares was $
On
November 16, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for consulting and strategy services effective
on November 16, 2022 for a -year
term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant
shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting %
on February 15, 2023, %
on May 15, 2023, %
on August 15, 2023 and %
on November 15, 2023. The fair value of the
shares was $
On
January 28, 2023, the Company entered into an advisory service agreement with a designer for advising furniture design concept and development
effective on February 1, 2023 for
Shares and Options Issued to Independent Directors
On
November 7, 2018 (the “Grant Date”), the Company entered into stock option agreements under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive
Plan with the three independent members of the board of directors. The Company agreed to grant the Company’s three independent
directors’ options to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $
per shares, with a term of years. Twenty-five percent (%) of those stock options vested on November 30, 2018, % on will vest on
February 28, 2019, % on May 31, 2019, and the remaining % will vest on August 31, 2019. The fair value of the stock options granted
is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (“BSOPM”) as described above. The fair
value of the options was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of , volatility of %, risk free interest
rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of stock options was $
On
November 4, 2019, the Company entered into stock option agreements under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan with the three independent
members of the board of directors. The Company agreed to grant the Company’s three independent directors options to purchase an
aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share, with a term of years, vesting
% on November 30, 2019, % on February 28, 2020, % on May 31, 2020, and % on August 31, 2020. The fair value of the stock options
granted was estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the options was calculated
using the following assumptions: estimated life of ten years, volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield
of %. The fair value of the stock options was $
Shares Issued to Employees
On
November 11, 2021, the Company extended an employment agreement with the Company’s Corporate Secretary for a term of one year effective
from November 14, 2021. The Company agreed to grant an award of restricted Stock Units to the officer pursuant to the Company’s
2021 Omnibus Equity Plan. The fair value of these shares was $
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On
November 11, 2022, the Company extended an employment agreement with the Company’s Corporate Secretary for a term of one year effective
from November 14, 2022. The Company agreed to grant an award of restricted Stock Units to the officer pursuant to the Company’s
2021 Omnibus Equity Plan. The fair value of these shares was $
Options Issued to Employees
On August 24, 2018, the compensation committee of the Board approved an option grant to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share, with a term of , pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan. Fifty percent (%) of those stock options vested immediately, and the remaining % vested on the six-month anniversary of the grant date.
The
fair value of the option granted to the Chief Financial Officer in 2018 was recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period
of the stock option award. The fair value of the option was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of ,
volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of the stock options was $
On August 12, 2019, the compensation committee of the Board approved an option grant to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share, with a term of , pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan. Fifty percent (%) of those stock options vested immediately, and the remaining % vested on the six-month anniversary of the grant date.
The
fair value of the option granted to the Chief Financial Officer in 2019 was recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period
of the stock option award. The fair value of the option was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of ,
volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of the stock options was $
As of June 30, 2023, unrecognized share-based compensation expense was $.
Number of Shares | Average Exercise Price per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years | ||||||||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||
| Exercisable at January 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Granted | - | |||||||||||
| Exercised | - | |||||||||||
| Forfeited | - | |||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Exercisable at June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | The intrinsic value of the stock options at June 30, 2023 is the amount by which the market value of the Company’s common stock of $ as of June 29, 2023 exceeds the average exercise price of the option. As of June 30, 2023, the intrinsic value of the outstanding and exercisable stock options was $. |
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Note 13 - Geographical Analysis
Geographical distribution of sales consisted of the following for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Three Months ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Geographical Areas | ||||||||||||||||
| North America | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Asia | ||||||||||||||||
| Other countries | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
Geographical location of identifiable long-lived assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Geographical Areas | ||||||||
| North America | $ | $ | ||||||
| Asia | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Note 14 - Lease
On
June 17, 2013, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office, warehouse, storage, and distribution space in the United States
with a
The Company has entered into several lease agreements for office and warehouse space in Commerce, California and showroom space in Las Vegas, Nevada and High Point, North Carolina (see Note 11) on monthly or annual terms.
On
July 15, 2019, Nova Malaysia entered into a sublease agreement for warehouse space with a term, expiring on
On
October 29, 2019, Nova Malaysia entered into a lease agreement for a showroom with a term, commencing on December 1, 2019 and
expiring on
On
August 20, 2020, Nova Malaysia entered into a sublease agreement for an office and service center with a term, commencing on
September 1, 2020 and expiring on
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Operating lease expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Three Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost – straight line | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023:
| Operating Leases | ||||
| 2023 | $ | |||
| 2024 | ||||
| 2025 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total undiscounted cash flows | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of lease liabilities | ||||
Lease Term and Discount Rate
| June 30, 2023 | ||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term - years | ||||
| Operating leases - USA | ||||
| Operating leases - Malaysia | ||||
| Weighted-average discount rate (%) | ||||
| Operating leases - USA | % | |||
| Operating leases - Malaysia | % | |||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases where the Company was the lessee for the six months ended June30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Operating cash outflows from operating leases | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
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On March 31, 2023, the Barney plaintiffs filed a Renewed Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement, Renewed Stipulation of Settlement (“Settlement”), and accompanying Memorandum of Points and Authorities. An initial Motion to Approve a Settlement Class and Proposed Settlement had been denied Under the terms of the Settlement, and without admitting to any wrongdoing, fault, or liability, the Company agrees to a payment of $750,000 to completely resolve the Barney Action. The $750,000 would be funded by the remainder of any retention under applicable directors and officer liability insurance with the remainder paid by the directors and officer liability insurer. The Settlement provides for the class members’ complete release of all claims against the Company and the named defendants with respect to any of the matters alleged in the litigation. The Settlement is subject to various conditions, including preliminary approval by the Court, notice to all class members, an opt-out period, and a final hearing and approval by the Court.
On July 10, 2023, the Court granted the Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement. The Court set a Final Settlement hearing on November 6, 2023, wherein it will determine whether: (a) all procedural requirements for the settlement are met; and (b) the Settlement is fair, reasonable, adequate, and should be finally approved by the Court.
On March 8, 2019, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Jie Yuan (the “Jie Action”) filed a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit purportedly on behalf of the Company against its former and current CEOs and CFOs (Thanh H. Lam, Ya Ming Wong, Jeffery Chuang and Yuen Ching Ho) and directors (Charlie Huy La, Bin Liu, Umesh Patel, and Min Su) and vice president (Steven Qiang Liu) (collectively, the “Defendants”) seeking to recover any losses the Company sustains as a result of alleged securities violations outlined in the Seeking Alpha blog and Barney securities class action complaint. Specifically, the derivative lawsuit alleges that the Defendants caused the Company to make the alleged false and/or misleading statements giving rise to the putative securities class action. The Plaintiff also alleges that President and CEO Lam engaged in self-dealing transactions by leasing her property to Diamond Bar, a Company subsidiary, and asserts, in conclusory fashion, that Lam, former CEO and director Ya Ming Wong, former CFO and director Yuen Ching Ho, and director Umesh Patel sold securities during the period of time when the alleged false and/or misleading statements were made “with knowledge of material non-public information.”
On May 15, 2019, Wilson Samuels (the “Samuels Action”) filed a putative derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against the same current and former directors and officers named in the Jie Action other than Steven Qiang Liu. That action was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Samuels repeats the allegations of the Complaint in the Jie Action. Additionally, Samuels claims that, in announcing its change of auditing firms in September 2016, the Company asserted that this change was made because its existing auditor ceased auditing public companies subject to regulation in the United States without disclosing that its new auditing firm was created in a merger of three accounting firms, including a firm whose registration was revoked by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Samuels also claims that the Company redeemed its stock in reliance upon the same purported fraudulent recognition of revenues claimed in the putative class action. Samuels purports to state direct claims under Sections 10(b) and 20 of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5.
On March 3, 2020, the defendants filed motions to stay the derivative actions until the Barney Action is resolved or alternatively to dismiss on the grounds that plaintiffs’ failure to make demand upon the Board of Directors was not excused and the Complaints otherwise fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. By Order entered April 7, 2020, the Court granted defendants’ Motion to Stay and stayed the Jie Action until the Barney Action is resolved. The Court subsequently entered a similar Order in the Samuels Action. It also took a motion that the derivative plaintiffs filed to consolidate the proceedings and appoint lead counsel off calendar.
With the settlement of the Barney action, the derivative actions will be activated. The parties disagree as to when that will occur. Defendants have asserted that the Action must remained stayed until the final disposition of the Barney Action, meaning, the Court’s final approval of the Settlement. Plaintiff’s position is that the Court should lift the stay because the class action plaintiffs agreed to settle the case. The Court has yet to address this issue.
While these derivative actions are purportedly asserted on behalf of the Company, when they are subsequently activated, it is possible that the Company may directly incur attorneys’ fees and costs in advancing the costs of defense for its current directors and officers pursuant to contractual and legal indemnity obligations. The Company believes there is no basis to the derivative complaints and they will be vigorously defended if necessary.
Other than the above, the Company is not currently a party to any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of the management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations.
Note 16 - Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through August 14, 2023, the date of the issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and no subsequent event is identified.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” the negatives of such terms and other terms of similar meaning typically identify forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and those listed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10K). The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this report and in our 2022 Form 10-K. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this report to “we,” “us,” “Nova,” “Nova Lifestyle” or the “Company” refer to Nova Lifestyle, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Safe Harbor Declaration
The following discussion and analysis are based upon our financial statements as of the dates and for the periods presented in this section. You should read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto found in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”). All references to the second quarter and first six months of 2023 and 2022 mean the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this report contain certain forward-looking information. When used in this discussion, the words, “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results, due to a number of risks, uncertainties and factors beyond our control. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, even if experience or future changes show that the indicated results or events will not be realized. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Readers also are urged to carefully review and consider our discussions regarding the various factors that affect the company’s business, which are described in this section and elsewhere in this report. For more information, see our discussion of risk factors located at Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Form 10-K.
Overview
Nova LifeStyle, Inc. is a distributor of contemporary styled residential and commercial furniture incorporated into a dynamic marketing and sales platform offering retail as well as online selection and global purchase fulfillment. We monitor popular trends and products to create design elements that are then integrated into our product lines that can be used as both stand-alone or whole-room and home furnishing solutions. Through our global network of retailers, e-commerce platforms, stagers and hospitality providers, Nova LifeStyle also sells (through an exclusive third-party manufacturing partner) a managed variety of high quality bedding foundation components.
Nova LifeStyle’s brand family currently includes Nova LifeStyle, Diamond Sofa (www.diamondsofa.com) and Nova Living.
Our customers principally consist of distributors and retailers with specific geographic territories that deploy middle to high end private label home furnishings which have very little competitive overlap with our specific furnishing products or product lines. Nova LifeStyle is constantly seeking to integrate new sources of distribution and manufacturing that are properly aligned with our growth strategy. This allows us to continually focus on building both our overall distribution and manufacturing relationships through a deployment of popular, as well as trend-based, furnishing solutions worldwide.
We are a U.S. holding company with no material assets in the U.S. other than the ownership interests of our wholly owned subsidiaries through which we market, design and sell residential and commercial furniture worldwide: Nova Furniture Limited domiciled in the British Virgin Islands (“Nova Furniture”), Nova Furniture Ltd. domiciled in Samoa (“Nova Samoa”), Diamond Bar Outdoors, Inc. domiciled in California (“Diamond Bar”), Nova Living (M) SDN. BHD. domiciled in Malaysia (“Nova Malaysia”) and Nova Living (HK) Group Limited domiciled in Hong Kong (“Nova HK”). The Company had three former subsidiaries Bright Swallow International Group Limited domiciled in Hong Kong (“Bright Swallow” or “BSI”) which was sold in January 2020, and Nova Furniture Macao Commercial Offshore Limited domiciled in Macao (“Nova Macao”) which was de-registration and liquidation in January 2021. In February 2022, Nova HK entered a de-registration process and transferred all its assets and business to Nova Malaysia. The process of de-registration and liquidation was completed in February 2023.
On December 7, 2017, we incorporated i Design Blockchain Technology, Inc. (“i Design”) under the laws of the State of California. The purpose of i Design is to build our own blockchain technology team. i Design is in the planning stage and has had minimum operations to date. On December 12, 2019, we became the sole shareholder of Nova Living (M) SDN. BHD. (“Nova Malaysia”), a company incorporated on July 26, 2019 under the laws of Malaysia. Nova Malaysia markets and sells high-end physiotherapeutic jade mats for use in therapy clinics, hospitality, and real estate projects in Malaysia and other regions in Southeast Asia.
On January 7, 2020, we transferred our entire interest in Bright Swallow to Y-Tone (Worldwide) Limited an unrelated third party, for cash consideration of $2,500,000. We received the payment on May 11, 2020.
On October 14, 2020, Nova Macao’s offshore license was invalidated by the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute under the order of Repeal of Legal Regime of the Offshore Services by Macao Special Administrative Region. Nova Macao then entered into a de-registration process and its business was taken over by Nova HK. Nova Macao completed the de-registration and liquidation process in January 2021.
On November 5, 2020, Nova LifeStyle, Inc. acquired Nova Living (HK) Group Limited (“Nova HK”) which was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 6, 2019. This company had minimal operations. In February 2022, Nova HK entered a de-registration process and transferred all its assets and business to Nova Malaysia. The process of de-registration and liquidation was completed in February 2023.
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Our experience developing and marketing products for international markets has enabled us to develop the scale, logistics, marketing, manufacturing efficiencies and design expertise that serve as the foundation for us to expand aggressively into the highly attractive U.S., Canada, South America, Asia and Middle Easter markets.
Due to the imposition of significant trade tariffs on importation from China to the United States and the adverse effect such policies have on our operations, we are actively pursuing alternative product lines with positive growth potential. One such area pertains to the health-oriented furniture segment which continues to experience popularity, particularly in Asia. Since the second quarter of 2019, we have developed a line of high-end physiotherapeutic jade mats with China-based manufacturing partners for use in therapy clinics, hospitality, and real estate projects in Asia. We launched our first flagship showroom/retail store in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in late 2019, which, after a COVID-19 related closing, was reopened in May 2020. On August 28, 2020, after few months reopening, Malaysia government extended Movement Control Order to prohibit the businesses to open to public until March 5, 2021 to contain the spread of COVID-19. After the re-opening on March 5, 2021, Malaysia imposed a new nationwide lockdown on May 12, 2021 until early June 2021 which was subsequently extended to early October 2021. In October 2021, the Order was lifted for people who are fully vaccinated and our store has been reopened since. In April 2022, Malaysia has reopened the border for foreign visitors. We have limited experience with operations in Southeast Asia and considerable management attention and resources may be required to manage these new markets and product lines. We may be subject to additional risks including credit risk, inflation, currency exchange rate fluctuations, foreign exchange controls, import and export requirements, potentially adverse tax consequences and higher costs associated with doing business internationally.
Beginning in early 2020, a strain of novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has spread globally including the U.S. and Malaysia. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. In response to the evolving dynamics related to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Company has been following the guidelines of local authorities as it prioritizes the health and safety of its employees, contractors, suppliers and retail partners. The Company’s two showrooms and warehouse in Malaysia was closed from March, 2020 to May, 2020. The Los Angeles facility closed on March 16, 2020 and reopened in full operation on June 1, 2020. On May 12, 2020, the Company’s Kuala Lumpur office and warehouse reopened for business. On August 28, 2020, the Malaysia government extended the shutdown order to all business until March 5, 2021. After the re-opening on March 5, 2021, Malaysia government imposed a new nationwide lockdown on May 12, 2021 until early June 2021 which was subsequently extended to early October 2021. In October 2021, the Order was lifted for people who are fully vaccinated and our store has been reopened since. In April 2022, Malaysia has reopened the border for foreign visitors. The third-party contract manufacturers that the Company utilizes in China were closed from the beginning of the Lunar New Year Holiday at the end of January 2020 through the beginning of March 2020. Certain of the Company’s new products are being sourced from manufacturers in India starting in 2020. The factories in India suspended their operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic during March through early May 2020. Currently, the factories in India are open for operations. Shipping of products from Asia has experienced significant delays since the onset of the pandemic and the costs of shipping from Asia have increased since the onset. In June 2022, all the shipping and related costs from Asia have been back to normal. Any new COVID-19 outbreaks will have a material adverse impact on the demand for its products. Because of the significant uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent of the future business interruption and the related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
We do not have access to a revolving credit facility. On May 4, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $139,802 under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. On May 5, 2020, Diamond Bar Outdoors Inc. (“Diamond Bar”) was granted a loan from Cathay Bank in the aggregate amount of $176,294, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program. In June 19, 2020, Diamond Bar was granted a U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) loan in the aggregate amount of $150,000, pursuant to the Economic Injury Disaster Loan. In July 2021, we completed a registered direct offering of our shares of common stock and received offering gross proceeds of $3,120,622. We currently believe that our financial resources will be adequate to finance our operations in the next 12 months. However, in the event that we do need to raise capital in the future, the instability in the securities markets could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital.
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Discontinued Operations
On February 15, 2022, we transferred our entire assets and business of Nova HK to Nova Malaysia, one of our subsidiaries. Operations of Nova HK were reported as discontinued operations in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Performance
At the beginning of 2019, we commenced a transition of our business. We began moving away from low margin products. This move was intended to improve our gross profit margin, receivable collections and net profitability, and to increase our return on long-term equity. We decided to terminate sales and marketing efforts to customers that represented a high purchase volume but low profit margin, and we adjusted our product line, which included the launch of our Summer 2019 Collection in the Las Vegas Market, with a view to attracting a higher-end ultimate customer. We believe these new strategies, will provide us with significant long term growth opportunities. The transition has and is expected to continue to adversely impact our revenue and our net profit in the short-term as we roll out new products and market those products to our existing client base and to new potential customers better suited for the higher end products, and as we assess our new products’ market acceptance. Significant factors that we believe could affect our operating results are the (i) prices of our products to our domestic and international retailer and wholesaler customers and their markups to end consumers; (ii) general economic conditions in the U.S., Chinese, and other international markets; and (iii) trade tariffs imposed by the United States on certain products manufactured in China; and (iv) the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak throughout the world; and (v) high interest rate, inflation and slow- down in real estate market. We believe most of our customers are willing to pay for our high quality and stylish products, timely delivery, and strong production capacity at price levels which we expect will allow us to maintain a relatively high gross profit margin for our products. We do not manufacture our products, but instead we utilize third-party manufacturers. In response to the tariffs imposed by the United States on certain products manufactured in China, we are in the process of shifting a portion of our product manufacturing from third-party manufacturers located in China to third-party manufacturers located in other parts of Asia, such as Vietnam, India and/or Malaysia, countries unaffected by the tariffs. Implementation of a relocation of manufacturing (which by necessity includes an assessment of the factory’s ability to deliver the quantity of the product, in accordance with the Company’s specifications, and in accordance with the Company’s quality control requirements) is time-consuming, but a portion of our manufacturing has been transitioned to Malaysia and India starting in 2020 and we expect that more of our manufacturing will be transitioned to one or more of these venues. Some of our manufacturing will continue to be performed in China because the intellectual know-how necessary to manufacture certain products is not generally available in other Asian countries. Consumer preference trends favoring high quality and stylish products and lifestyle-based furniture suites should also allow us at least to maintain our gross profit margins. The markets in North America (excluding the United States) remains challenging because such markets are experiencing a slow-down and may be entering a recession due to the COVID-19 pandemic, high interest rate and inflation.
Critical Accounting Policies
While our significant accounting policies are described more fully in Note 2 to our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
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Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for Nova LifeStyle and its subsidiaries, Diamond Bar, i Design, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Nova Malaysia and its former subsidiary, Nova HK.
Reverse split
On May 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada with an effective date of May 22, 2023, at which time a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.001, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”), shall be effected. All references to shares and per share data have been retroactively restated to reflect such split.
Use of Estimates
In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, the allowance for bad debt, valuation of inventories, the valuation of stock-based compensation, income taxes and unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, and loss contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounts Receivable
Our accounts receivable arises from product sales. We do not adjust receivables for the effects of a significant financing component at contract inception if we expect to collect the receivables in one year or less from the time of sale. We do not expect to collect receivables greater than one year from the time of sale. Our policy is to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. We review the composition of accounts receivable and analyze historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. We maintained an allowance for bad debt of $2,718 and $2,104 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, bad debts (reversal) provision from continuing operations was ($196) and $1,060, respectively; $65 and ($820) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, bad debt expenses from discontinued operations were $0. As of June 30, 2023, we had gross receivable of $1,206,030 of which $208,478 was over 90 days past due. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing trade accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical bad debt experience, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns.
Advances to Suppliers
Advances to suppliers represent amounts paid to suppliers in advance for goods that are yet to be delivered and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the Company within the normal operating cycle. Based on our historical records and in normal circumstances, we generally receive goods within 4 to 6 months from the date the advance payment is made. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the freight transportation of the products from our international suppliers have been delayed or suspended during the outbreak.
Income Taxes
In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270 “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes” whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective rate in determining its income tax provision. The income tax expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are $0, and are primarily related to quarter-to-date income generated from foreign operation.
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Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company follows ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.
Under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
Nova Lifestyle, Inc. and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. Nova Furniture BVI was incorporated in the BVI and Nova Samoa was incorporated in Samoa. There is no income tax for companies domiciled in the BVI and Samoa. Accordingly, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provisions related to the BVI and Samoa tax jurisdictions where Nova Furniture BVI and Nova Samoa are domiciled. Nova Malaysia is incorporated in Malaysia and is subject to Malaysia income taxes at the statutory rate of 24%.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings such as global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) under IRC Section 951A, which is effective for the Company for tax years beginning after January 1, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company has calculated its best estimate of the impact of the GILTI in its income tax provision in accordance with its understanding of the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses (NOLs) arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures immediately in the year incurred and requires taxpayers to amortize such expenditures over five years. While it is possible that Congress may defer, modify, or repeal this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, we have no assurance that this provision will be deferred, modified, or repealed. Furthermore, in anticipation of the new provision taking effect, we have analyzed the provision and worked with our advisors to evaluate its application to our business. Since all research and development expenditures were incurred within the U.S. and the amount is immaterial, we do not anticipate it having any material impact to our provision.
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As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the accumulated undistributed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries were approximately $25.3 million and $25.6 million of which substantially all was previously subject to U.S. tax, the one-time transition tax on foreign unremitted earnings required by the Tax Act, or GILTI. Those earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested and accordingly, no deferred tax expense is recorded for U.S. federal and state income tax or applicable withholding taxes.
As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $0. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $0 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties (“Gross UTB”) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
| Gross UTB | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Balance – January 1 and June 30 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cumulatively accrued approximately $0 for estimated interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recorded interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax benefit, which totaled $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
Nova Lifestyle and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and tax years 2019-2022 remain open to examination by tax authorities in the U.S.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenues when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. We recognize revenues following the five step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
Revenue from product sales is recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which typically occurs upon delivery to the customer. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that it would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial.
Revenue from product sales is recorded net of reserves established for applicable discounts and allowances that are offered within contracts with our customers.
Product revenue reserves, which are classified as a reduction in product revenues, are generally characterized in the following categories: discounts, returns and rebates. These reserves are based on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable as the amount is payable to our customer.
Our sales policy allows for the return of product within the warranty period if the product is defective and the defects are our fault. As alternatives for the product return option, the customers have the option of asking us for a discount for products with quality issues, or of receiving replacement parts from us at no cost. The amount of reserves for return of products, the discount provided to the customers, and cost for the replacement parts were immaterial for the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling expenses on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
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Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollar (“$” or “USD”), which is also the functional currency of Nova LifeStyle, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Diamond Bar, Nova HK and i Design.
The Company’s subsidiary with operations in Malaysia uses its local currency, Malaysian Ringgit (“RM”), as its functional currency. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates, which is normally the currency of the environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. Management’s judgment is essential to determine the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements.
Foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are re-measured at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency re-measurement are included in the statements of operations.
The financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the average of the exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Stockholders’ equity accounts are translated using the historical exchange rates at the date the entry to stockholders’ equity was recorded, except for the change in retained earnings during the period, which is translated using the historical exchange rates used to translate each period’s income statement. Differences resulting from translating functional currencies to the reporting currency are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the balance sheets.
Translation of amounts from RM into U.S. dollars has been made at the following exchange rates:
| Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts | ||||
| June 30, 2023 | RM4.67 to 1 | |||
| December 31, 2022 | RM4.40 to 1 | |||
| Income statement and cash flow items | ||||
| For the six months ended June 30, 2023 | RM4.46 to 1 | |||
| For the six months ended June 30, 2022 | RM4.27 to 1 |
Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions, assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.
We determined that our operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280. We operate exclusively in one business and industry segment: the design and sale of furniture.
We concluded that we had one reportable segment under ASC 280 because Diamond Bar is a furniture distributor based in California focusing on customers in the US, Nova HK was a furniture distributor based in Hong Kong focusing on international customers and Nova Malaysia is a furniture retailer and distributor focusing on customers primarily in Malaysia. Each of our subsidiaries is operated under the same senior management of our company, and we view the operations of Diamond Bar, Nova HK and Nova Malaysia as a whole for making business decisions. Our long-lived assets are mainly property, plant and equipment located in the United States and Malaysia for administrative purposes.
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Net sales to customers by geographic area are determined by reference to the physical product shipment delivery locations requested by our customers. For example, if the products are delivered to a customer in the U.S., the sales are recorded as generated in the U.S.; if the customer directs us to ship its products to China, the sales are recorded as sold in China.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 replaces the probable, incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. Am entity should apply ASU 2016-13 on a modified-retrospective transition approach that would require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings in the balance sheets as of the date of adoption. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for trouble debt restructurings by creditors and enhances the disclosure requirements for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires disclosure of gross writeoffs by year of origination for receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost, which should be applied prospectively. Both ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 are effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the two-step goodwill impairment test, under which a goodwill impairment loss was measured by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). This Update is effective for smaller reporting companies for their annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which is required to be applied prospectively from the date of adoption. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 for its interim and annual goodwill impairment tests beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company applied the new standard beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of the new standard did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This Update requires certain annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. This Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and early application is permitted. This guidance should be applied either prospectively to all transactions that are reflected in financial statements at the date of initial application and new transactions that are entered into after the date of initial application or retrospectively to those transactions. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-10 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Lease (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements, which clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with leases between entities under common control (hereinafter referred to as common control lease). ASU 2023-01 requires entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control lease over the useful life to the common control group (regardless of the lease term) as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease, and to account for any remaining leasehold improvements as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity when the lessee no longer controls the underlying asset. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. An entity may apply ASU 2023-01 either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-01 will have on our consolidated financial statement presentations and disclosures.
We do not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on our financial statement presentation or disclosures.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Certain columns may not add due to rounding.
| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | % of Sales | $ | % of Sales | |||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 4,462,429 | $ | 3,813,047 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 3,015,089 | 68 | % | (7,361,224 | ) | (193 | )% | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,447,340 | 32 | % | (3,548,177 | ) | (93 | )% | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | (1,825,577 | ) | (41 | )% | (2,134,539 | ) | (56 | )% | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (378,237 | ) | (8 | )% | (5,682,716 | ) | (149 | )% | ||||||||
| Other expenses, net | (157,944 | ) | (4 | )% | (8,791 | ) | 0 | % | ||||||||
| Income tax expenses | (2,400 | ) | 0 | % | - | - | % | |||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (538,581 | ) | (12 | )% | (5,691,507 | ) | (149 | )% | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | - | - | % | - | - | % | ||||||||||
| Net loss | (538,581 | ) | (12 | )% | (5,691,507 | ) | (149 | )% | ||||||||
Net Sales
Net sales from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were $4.46 million, an increase of 17% from $3.81 million for the same period of 2022. This increase in net sales resulted primarily from a 149% increase in sales volume, partially offset by a 53% decrease in average selling price. Our three largest selling product categories for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were jade mats, sofas and beds, which accounted for approximately 45%, 25% and 8% of sales from continuing operations, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, the three largest selling categories were sofas, beds and chairs, which accounted for approximately 37%, 14% and 11% of sales from continuing operations, respectively.
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The $0.65 million increase in net sales from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022, was mainly due to increased sales to Asia. Sales to Asia increased by $1.93 million to $1.99 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.06 million for the same period of 2022, such increase mainly due to our liquidation sales of the entire inventory of jade mats in Nova Malaysia for $1.99 million. However, the increase in net sales from continuing operations was partially offset by the decrease in sales to North America and other countries. Sales to North America decreased by 30% to $2.44 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $3.48 million for the same period of 2022, such decrease mainly due to inflation, U.S. tightening monetary policy, reducing the purchasing power of the customers and thus making them less willing to spend in nonfood categories. Sales to other countries decreased by $232,780 to $33,317 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $266,097 for the same period of 2022, primarily due to less direct container sales in other countries.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales from continuing operations consists primarily of costs of finished goods purchased from third-party manufacturers. Total cost of sales from continuing operations decreased by 59% to $3.02 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $7.36 million for the same period of 2022. Cost of sales as a percentage of sales decreased to 68% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 193% for the same period of 2022. The decrease in cost of sales in dollar term and cost of sales as a percentage of sales were mainly a result of our decreased inventory write down of $23,113, primarily for the products in U.S., for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.12 million of inventory write down, primarily for the jade mats in Malaysia, for the same period of 2022.
Moreover, if total cost of sales from continuing operations excluded our inventory write down of $23,113 and $5.12 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, total cost of sales from continuing operations would increase by 33% to $2.99 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $2.24 million for the same period of 2022, and cost of sales as a percentage of sales would increase to 67% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 59% for the same period of 2022. The increase in cost of sales in dollar term and cost of sales as a percentage were due to the increased net sales, including the liquidation sales of the jade mats in Malaysia which came with low profit margin for the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Gross Profit
Gross profit from continuing operations was $1.45 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to gross loss of $3.55 million for the same period of 2022, representing an increase in gross profit of $5.00 million. Our gross profit margin was 32% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a gross loss margin of 93% for the same period of 2022. The increase in gross profit and gross profit margin was mainly a result of two factors: (a) the increase in our net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022; (b) our decreased inventory write down of $23,113 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.12 million of inventory write down for the same period of 2022.
Moreover, if total cost of sales from continuing operations excluded our inventory write down of $23,113 and $5.12 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, gross profit would be $1.47 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to gross profit of $1.57 million for the same period of 2022, and our gross profit margin would be 33% for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a gross profit margin of 41% for the same period of 2022. The decrease in gross profit and gross profit margin was mainly due to the liquidation sales of the jade mats in Malaysia which came with low profit margin during the three months ended June 30, 2023.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses from continuing operations consisted of selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating expenses from continuing operations were $1.83 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $2.13 million for the same period of 2022. Selling expenses from continuing operations decreased by 27%, or $0.21 million, to $0.57 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $0.77 million for the same period of 2022, primarily due to decreased marketing and advertising expenses. In addition, general and administrative expenses from continuing operations decreased by 8%, or $0.10 million, to $1.26 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from $1.36 million for the same period of 2022, primarily due to a decrease in technology services fees of $0.13 million.
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Other Expenses, Net
Other expenses, net, from continuing operations were $157,944 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $8,791 for the same period of 2022, representing an increase in other expenses of $149,153. The increase in other expenses was due primarily to an increase in foreign exchange loss of $174,159 to $128,278 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, from foreign exchange gain of $45,881 for the same period of 2022. The increase in foreign exchange loss was mainly a result of the depreciation of Malaysian Ringgit against U.S. dollars on the liquidation sales of jade mats in Malaysia. However, the increase in other expenses was partially offset by an increase in non-operating income of $16,173 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022. The increase in non-operating income mainly resulted from the sales orders cancelled by the customers who agreed not to have credit back from us.
Income Tax Expenses
Income tax expenses from continuing operations were $2,400 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0 for the same period of 2022. The income tax expenses were primarily related to minimum California state tax incurred from continuing operations.
Loss from Continuing Operations
As a result of the foregoing, our loss from continuing operations was $0.54 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.69 million for the same period of 2022.
Loss from Discontinued Operations
On February 15, 2022, we transferred our entire assets and business in Nova HK to Nova Malaysia, one of our subsidiaries. Operations of Nova HK were reported as discontinued operations in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. We had no loss from discontinued operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was $0.54 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.69 million for the same period of 2022.
Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Certain columns may not add due to rounding.
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | % of Sales | $ | % of Sales | |||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 6,336,994 | $ | 7,478,993 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | (4,228,352 | ) | (67 | )% | (9,498,842 | ) | (127 | )% | ||||||||
| Gross profit | 2,108,642 | 33 | % | (2,019,849 | ) | (27 | )% | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | (3,670,489 | ) | (58 | )% | (4,477,225 | ) | (60 | )% | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (1,561,847 | ) | (25 | )% | (6,497,074 | ) | (87 | )% | ||||||||
| Other expenses, net | (196,649 | ) | (3 | )% | (66,726 | ) | (1 | )% | ||||||||
| Income tax expenses | (2,400 | ) | 0 | % | - | - | % | |||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (1,760,896 | ) | (28 | )% | (6,563,800 | ) | (88 | )% | ||||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | - | - | % | (25,754 | ) | 0 | % | |||||||||
| Net loss | (1,760,896 | ) | (28 | )% | (6,589,554 | ) | (88 | )% | ||||||||
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Net Sales
Net sales from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were $6.34 million, a decrease of 15% from $7.48 million for the same period of 2022. This decrease in net sales resulted primarily from a 46% decrease in average selling price, partially offset by a 56% increase in sales volume. Our three largest selling product categories for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were jade mats, sofas and beds, which accounted for approximately 31%, 30% and 11% of sales from continuing operations, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the three largest selling categories were sofas, beds and chairs, which accounted for approximately 41%, 14% and 10% of sales from continuing operations, respectively.
The $1.14 million decrease in net sales from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022, was mainly due to decreased sales to North America and other countries. Sales to North America decreased by 41% to $4.19 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $7.10 million for the same period of 2022, such decrease mainly due to inflation, U.S. tightening monetary policy, reducing the purchasing power of the customers and thus making them less willing to spend in nonfood categories. Sales to other countries decreased by $168,814 to $151,217 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $320,031 for the same period of 2022, such decrease mainly due to less direct container sales in other countries. However, the decrease in net sales from continuing operations was partially offset by the increase in sales to Asia. Sales to Asia increased by $1.93 million to $1.99 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $0.06 million for the same period of 2022, primarily due to our liquidation sales of the entire inventory of jade mats in Nova Malaysia for $1.99 million.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales from continuing operations consists primarily of costs of finished goods purchased from third-party manufacturers. Total cost of sales from continuing operations decreased by 55% to $4.23 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $9.50 million for the same period of 2022. Cost of sales as a percentage of sales decreased to 67% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 127% for the same period of 2022. The decrease in cost of sales in dollar term and cost of sales as a percentage were a result of two factors: (a) our decreased inventory write down of $108,785, primarily for the products in U.S., for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.12 million of inventory write down, primarily for the jade mats in Malaysia, for the same period of 2022; (b) the decrease in our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022.
Moreover, if total cost of sales from continuing operations excluded our inventory write down of $108,785 and $5.12 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, total cost of sales from continuing operations would decrease by 6% to $4.12 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $4.38 million for the same period of 2022, and cost of sales as a percentage of sales would increase to 65% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to 59% for the same period of 2022. The decrease in cost of sales in dollar term was mainly due to the decrease in our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022. The increase in cost of sales as a percentage was mainly a result of the liquidation sales of the jade mats in Malaysia which came with low profit margin during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Gross Profit
Gross profit from continuing operations was $2.11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to gross loss of $2.02 million for the same period of 2022, representing an increase in gross profit of $4.13 million. Our gross profit margin was 33% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a gross loss margin of 27% for the same period of 2022. The increase in gross profit and gross profit margin was mainly a result of our decreased inventory write down of $108,785 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $5.12 million of inventory write down for the same period of 2022.
Moreover, if total cost of sales from continuing operations excluded our inventory write down of $108,785 and $5.12 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, gross profit would be $2.22 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to gross profit of $3.10 million for the same period of 2022, and our gross profit margin would be 35% for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to a gross profit margin of 41% for the same period of 2022. The decrease in gross profit and gross profit margin was mainly due to the decrease in our net sales along with the increase in our liquidation sales of the jade mats in Malaysia which came with low profit margin for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses from continuing operations consisted of selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating expenses from continuing operations were $3.67 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $4.48 million for the same period of 2022. Selling expenses from continuing operations decreased by 17%, or $0.26 million, to $1.28 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $1.54 million for the same period of 2022, primarily due to decreased marketing and advertising expenses. In addition, general and administrative expenses from continuing operations decreased by 19%, or $0.55 million, to $2.39 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $2.94 million for the same period of 2022, primarily due to a decrease in technology services fees, consulting fees and audit fees of $0.29 million, $0.16 million and $0.13 million, respectively.
Other Expenses, Net
Other expenses, net, from continuing operations were $196,649 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $66,726 for the same period of 2022, representing an increase in other expenses of $129,923. The increase in other expenses was due primarily to an increase in foreign exchange loss of $197,305 to $133,661 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from foreign exchange gain of $63,644 for the same period of 2022. The increase in foreign exchange loss was mainly a result of the depreciation of Malaysian Ringgit against U.S. dollars on the liquidation sales of jade mats in Malaysia. However, the increase in other expenses was partially offset by an increase in non-operating income of $28,277 and a decrease in financial expenses of $21,884 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period of 2022. The increase in non-operating income mainly resulted from the sales orders cancelled by the customers who agreed not to have credit back from us, while the decrease in financial expenses was mainly a result of the decreased credit card transaction charges due to decreased sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Income Tax Expenses
Income tax expenses from continuing operations were $2,400 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0 for the same period of 2022. The income tax expenses were primarily related to minimum California state tax incurred from continuing operations.
Loss from Continuing Operations
As a result of the foregoing, our loss from continuing operations was $1.76 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.56 million for the same period of 2022.
Loss from Discontinued Operations
On February 15, 2022, we transferred our entire assets and business in Nova HK to Nova Malaysia, one of our subsidiaries. Operations of Nova HK were reported as discontinued operations in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. We had loss from discontinued operations of $0 and $0.03 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was $1.76 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.59 million for the same period of 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal demands for liquidity are related to our efforts to increase sales and purchase inventory, and for expenditures related to sales distribution and general corporate purposes. We intend to meet our liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to purchase of inventories and the expansion of our business, primarily through cash flow provided by operations, collections of accounts receivable, and credit facilities from banks.
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We rely primarily on internally generated cash flow and available working capital to support growth. We may seek additional financing in the form of bank loans or other credit facilities or funds raised through offerings of our equity or debt, if and when we determine such offerings are required. As of June 30, 2023, we do not have any credit facilities. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash receipts from sales of products will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures for the next 12 months.
We had net working capital of $2,032,794 at June 30, 2023, a decrease of $4,524,835 from net working capital of $6,557,629 at December 31, 2022. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 1.83-to-1 at June 30, 2023.
The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash provided by (used in): | ||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 1,429,646 | $ | (1,321,892 | ) | |||
| Investing activities | (2,468,582 | ) | (1,487 | ) | ||||
| Financing activities | - | - | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.43 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase in cash inflow of $2.75 million from $1.32 million of cash used in operating activities for the same period of 2022.
The increase in cash inflow was attributable primarily to (i) an increase in cash inflow of $3.35 million for inventories to $2.42 million cash inflow for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $0.93 million cash outflow for the same period of 2022, such increase in cash inflow being mainly due to less purchases made from our suppliers and the liquidation sales of the entire inventory of jade mats in Nova Malaysia for the six months ended June 30, 2023; and (ii) an increase in cash inflow of $1.18 million for other current assets to $1.17 million cash inflow for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $0.02 million cash outflow for the same period of 2022, such increase in cash inflow being mainly a result of less prepayments to IT consulting firm due to the completion of our tour and web augmented reality development project during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in operating cash inflow was partially offset by (i) an increase in cash outflow of $0.85 million for accounts receivable to $0.96 million cash outflow for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $0.11 million cash outflow for the same period of 2022, such increase in cash outflow being mainly due to more credit sales, especially the credit sales of the entire inventory of jade mats in Nova Malaysia, for the six months ended June 30, 2023; and (ii) an increase in cash outflow of $0.44 million for advance to supplier to $0.04 million cash outflow for the six months ended June 30, 2023, from $0.40 million cash inflow for the same period of 2022, such increase in cash outflow being mainly due to more deposits paid to our suppliers with less goods received from them for the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2.47 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase in cash outflow of $2.47 million from $1,487 of cash used in investing activities for the same period of 2022. We incurred cash outflow of $2.47 million from the virtual tour and web augmented reality experience software project during the six months ended June 30, 2023. During the same period of 2022, we incurred cash outflow of $1,487 from purchase of office equipment.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
As of June 30, 2023, we had gross accounts receivable of $1,206,030, of which $54,001 was not yet past due, $943,550 was less than 90 days past due and $208,478 was more than 90 days past due. We had an allowance for bad debt of $2,718. As of August 4, 2023, 21 % of accounts receivable outstanding as of June 30, 2023 had been collected.
29% of our accounts receivable outstanding at December 31, 2022 had been collected during 2023.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had advances to suppliers of $57,889 and $21,173, respectively. These supplier prepayments are made for goods before we actually receive them.
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For a new product, the normal lead time from new product R&D, prototype, and mass production to delivery of goods from our suppliers to us is approximately six to nine months after we make advance payments to our suppliers. For other products, the typical time is 4-6 months after our advance payment. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, freight transportation of products from our international suppliers has been delayed or suspended during the outbreak. We will consider the need for a reserve when and if a supplier fails to fulfill our orders within the time frame as stipulated in the purchase contracts.
As of August 4, 2023, $13,067 or 23% of our advances to suppliers outstanding at June 30, 2023 had been delivered to us in the form of purchases of furniture.
Shelf Registration
On October 8, 2020, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 under which the Company may, from time to time, sell securities in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $60,000,000. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on October 15, 2020. On July 23, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors for the sale by the Company of 222,902 shares of common stock. The shares were offered and sold by the Company pursuant to the effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. The offering gross proceeds were $3,120,622 before deducting placement agent’s commissions and other offering costs, and the net proceeds of the offering were approximately $2,760,000. The offering closed on July 27, 2021.
Other Long-Term Liabilities
As of June 30, 2023, we recorded long-term taxes payable of $0.64 million, consisting of an income tax payable of $0.64 million, primarily arising from a one-time transition tax recognized in the fourth quarter of 2017 on our post-1986 foreign unremitted earnings, as ASC 740 specifies that tax positions for which the timing of the ultimate resolution is uncertain should be recognized as long-term liabilities.
We elected to pay the one-time transition tax over the eight years commencing April 2018.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There are no off-balance sheet arrangements between us and any other entity that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to shareholders.
We have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholders’ equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Not required.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have evaluated, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of June 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
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Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act (a) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as described above.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during or subsequent to the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
On December 28, 2018, a federal putative class action complaint was filed by George Barney against the Company and its former and current CEOs and CFOs (Thanh H. Lam, Ya Ming Wong, Jeffery Chuang and Yuen Ching Ho) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, claiming the Company violated federal securities laws and pursuing remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 (the “Barney Action”). Richard Deutner and ITENT EDV were subsequently appointed as lead plaintiffs and, on June 18, 2019, filed an Amended Complaint.
Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of entities acquiring Nova’s stock from December 3, 2015 through December 20, 2018. They claim that during this period the Company: (1) overstated its purported strategic alliance with a customer in China to operate as lead designer and manufacturer for all furnishings in its planned $460 million senior care center in China; and (2) inflated sales in 2016 and 2017 by recognizing significant sales to two allegedly non-existent customers. Plaintiffs claim that the falsity of these representations was exposed in a blog posted on the Seeking Alpha website in which it was claimed that an investigation failed to confirm the existence of several entities identified as significant customers.
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On March 31, 2023, the Barney plaintiffs filed a Renewed Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement, Renewed Stipulation of Settlement (“Settlement”), and accompanying Memorandum of Points and Authorities. An initial Motion to Approve a Settlement Class and Proposed Settlement had been denied. Under the terms of the Settlement, and without admitting to any wrongdoing, fault, or liability, the Company agrees to a payment of $750,000 to completely resolve the Barney Action. The $750,000 would be funded by the remainder of any retention under applicable directors and officer liability insurance with the remainder paid by the directors and officer liability insurer. The Settlement provides for the class members’ complete release of all claims against the Company and the named defendants with respect to any of the matters alleged in the litigation. The Settlement is subject to various conditions, including preliminary approval by the Court, notice to all class members, an opt-out period, and a final hearing and approval by the Court.
On July 10, 2023, the Court granted the Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement. The Court set a Final Settlement hearing on November 6, 2023, wherein it will determine whether: (a) all procedural requirements for the settlement are met; and (b) the Settlement is fair, reasonable, adequate, and should be finally approved by the Court.
On March 8, 2019, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Jie Yuan (the “Jie Action”) filed a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit purportedly on behalf of the Company against its former and current CEOs and CFOs (Thanh H. Lam, Ya Ming Wong, Jeffery Chuang and Yuen Ching Ho) and directors (Charlie Huy La, Bin Liu, Umesh Patel, and Min Su) and vice president (Steven Qiang Liu) (collectively, the “Defendants”) seeking to recover any losses the Company sustains as a result of alleged securities violations outlined in the Seeking Alpha blog and Barney securities class action complaint. Specifically, the derivative lawsuit alleges that the Defendants caused the Company to make the alleged false and/or misleading statements giving rise to the putative securities class action. The Plaintiff also alleges that President and CEO Lam engaged in self-dealing transactions by leasing her property to Diamond Bar, a Company subsidiary, and asserts, in conclusory fashion, that Lam, former CEO and director Ya Ming Wong, former CFO and director Yuen Ching Ho, and director Umesh Patel sold securities during the period of time when the alleged false and/or misleading statements were made “with knowledge of material non-public information.”
On May 15, 2019, Wilson Samuels (the “Samuels Action”) filed a putative derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against the same current and former directors and officers named in the Jie Action other than Steven Qiang Liu. That action was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Samuels repeats the allegations of the Complaint in the Jie Action. Additionally, Samuels claims that, in announcing its change of auditing firms in September 2016, the Company asserted that this change was made because its existing auditor ceased auditing public companies subject to regulation in the United States without disclosing that its new auditing firm was created in a merger of three accounting firms, including a firm whose registration was revoked by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Samuels also claims that the Company redeemed its stock in reliance upon the same purported fraudulent recognition of revenues claimed in the putative class action. Samuels purports to state direct claims under Sections 10(b) and 20 of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5.
On March 3, 2020, the defendants filed motions to stay the derivative actions until the Barney Action is resolved or alternatively to dismiss on the grounds that plaintiffs’ failure to make demand upon the Board of Directors was not excused and the Complaints otherwise fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. By Order entered April 7, 2020, the Court granted defendants’ Motion to Stay and stayed the Jie Action until the Barney Action is resolved. The Court subsequently entered a similar Order in the Samuels Action. It also took a motion that the derivative plaintiffs filed to consolidate the proceedings and appoint lead counsel off calendar.
With the settlement of the Barney action, the derivative actions will be activated. The parties disagree as to when that will occur. Defendants have asserted that the Action must remained stayed until the final disposition of the Barney Action, meaning, the Court’s final approval of the Settlement. Plaintiff’s position is that the Court should lift the stay because the class action plaintiffs agreed to settle the case. The Court has yet to address this issue.
While these derivative actions are purportedly asserted on behalf of the Company, when they are subsequently activated, it is possible that the Company may directly incur attorneys’ fees and costs in advancing the costs of defense for its current directors and officers pursuant to contractual and legal indemnity obligations. The Company believes there is no basis to the derivative complaints and they will be vigorously defended if necessary.
Other than the above, the Company is not currently a party to any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of the management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX
† Filed herewith
| ‡ Furnished herewith |
| 46 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| NOVA LIFESTYLE, INC. | ||
| (Registrant) | ||
| Date: August 14, 2023 | By: | /s/ Thanh H. Lam |
Thanh H. Lam Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: August 14, 2023 | /s/ Jeffery Chuang | |
Jeffery Chuang Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
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Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302(a)
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Thanh H. Lam, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, of Nova Lifestyle, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a. | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b. | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c. | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d. | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a. | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b. | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: August 14, 2023 | By: | /s/ Thanh H. Lam |
Thanh H. Lam Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302(a)
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Jeffery Chuang, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, of Nova Lifestyle, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a. | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b. | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c. | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d. | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a. | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b. | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: August 14, 2023 | By: | /s/ Jeffery Chuang |
Jeffery Chuang Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Nova Lifestyle, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thanh H. Lam, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. §78m or §78o(d)); and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| Date: August 14, 2023 | By: | /s/ Thanh H. Lam |
Thanh H. Lam Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer |
This certification accompanies each Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Nova Lifestyle, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jeffery Chuang, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. §78m or §78o(d)); and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| Date: August 14, 2023 | By: | /s/ Jeffery Chuang |
Jeffery Chuang Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
This certification accompanies each Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
| Common stock, par value | $ 0.001 | $ 0.001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 15,000,000 | 15,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares issued | 1,465,090 | 1,434,815 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding | 1,465,090 | 1,434,815 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|||
| Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | ||||||
| Net Sales | $ 4,462,429 | $ 3,813,047 | $ 6,336,994 | $ 7,478,993 | ||
| Cost of Sales | 3,015,089 | 7,361,224 | 4,228,352 | 9,498,842 | ||
| Gross (Loss) Profit | 1,447,340 | (3,548,177) | 2,108,642 | (2,019,849) | ||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||
| Selling expenses | 565,093 | 770,211 | 1,279,607 | 1,538,544 | ||
| General and administrative expenses | 1,260,484 | 1,364,328 | 2,390,882 | 2,938,681 | ||
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets | ||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | 1,825,577 | 2,134,539 | 3,670,489 | 4,477,225 | ||
| Loss From Operations | (378,237) | (5,682,716) | (1,561,847) | (6,497,074) | ||
| Other Income (Expenses) | ||||||
| Non-operating income | 16,173 | 17,892 | (10,385) | |||
| Foreign exchange transaction (loss) income | (128,278) | 45,881 | (133,661) | 63,644 | ||
| Interest (expense) income, net | (1,322) | (2,885) | (3,231) | (20,452) | ||
| Financial expense | (44,517) | (51,787) | (77,649) | (99,533) | ||
| Total Other Expenses, Net | (157,944) | (8,791) | (196,649) | (66,726) | ||
| Loss Before Income Taxes and Discontinued Operations | (536,181) | (5,691,507) | (1,758,496) | (6,563,800) | ||
| Income Tax Expense | (2,400) | (2,400) | ||||
| Loss From Continuing Operations | (538,581) | (5,691,507) | (1,760,896) | (6,563,800) | ||
| Loss From Discontinued Operations | (25,754) | |||||
| Net Loss | (538,581) | (5,691,507) | (1,760,896) | (6,589,554) | ||
| Other Comprehensive Loss | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation | (96,183) | (239,719) | (99,290) | (294,592) | ||
| Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss | $ (634,764) | $ (5,931,226) | $ (1,860,186) | $ (6,884,146) | ||
| Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic | [1] | 1,459,655 | 1,375,393 | 1,452,303 | 1,372,181 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted | [1] | 1,459,655 | 1,375,393 | 1,452,303 | 1,372,181 | |
| Loss from continuing operations per share of common stock | ||||||
| Basic | $ (0.37) | $ (4.14) | $ (1.21) | $ (4.78) | ||
| Diluted | (0.37) | (4.14) | (1.21) | (4.78) | ||
| Loss from discontinued operations per share of common stock | ||||||
| Basic | (0.02) | |||||
| Diluted | (0.02) | |||||
| Net loss per share of common stock | ||||||
| Basic | (0.37) | (4.14) | (1.21) | (4.80) | ||
| Diluted | $ (0.37) | $ (4.14) | $ (1.21) | $ (4.80) | ||
| ||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|
| Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract] | ||
| Stock split ratio | 1:5 | 1:5 |
Organization and Description of Business |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
| Organization and Description of Business | Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business
Organization and Business
Nova LifeStyle, Inc. (“Nova LifeStyle” or the “Company”), formerly known as Stevens Resources, Inc., was incorporated in the State of Nevada on September 9, 2009.
The Company is a U.S. holding company with no material assets other than the ownership interests of its subsidiaries through which it markets, designs and sells furniture worldwide: Nova Furniture Limited domiciled in the British Virgin Islands (“Nova Furniture”), Nova Furniture Ltd. domiciled in Samoa (“Nova Samoa”), Diamond Bar Outdoors, Inc. domiciled in California (“Diamond Bar”) and Nova Living (M) SDN. BHD. domiciled in Malaysia (“Nova Malaysia”). The Company had three former subsidiaries Bright Swallow International Group Limited domiciled in Hong Kong (“Bright Swallow” or “BSI”) which was sold in January 2020, Nova Furniture Macao Commercial Offshore Limited domiciled in Macao (“Nova Macao”) which was de-registered and liquidated in January 2021 and Nova Living (HK) Group Limited domiciled in Hong Kong (“Nova HK”) which was de-registered and liquidated in February 2023.
Nova Macao was organized under the laws of Macao on May 20, 2006, and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova Furniture. Nova Macao was a trading company, importing, marketing and selling products designed and manufactured by third-party manufacturers for the international market. Diamond Bar was incorporated in California on June 15, 2000. Diamond Bar markets and sells products manufactured by third-party manufacturers under the Diamond Sofa brand to distributors and retailers principally in the U.S. market.
On December 7, 2017, Nova LifeStyle incorporated i Design Blockchain Technology, Inc. (“i Design”) under the laws of the State of California. The purpose of i Design is to build the Company’s own blockchain technology team. This company will focus on the application of blockchain technology in the furniture industry, including encouraging and facilitating interactions among designers and customers, and building a blockchain-powered platform that enables designers to showcase their products, including current and future furniture designs. This company is in the planning stage and has had minimal operations through June 30, 2023.
On December 12, 2019, Nova LifeStyle acquired Nova Malaysia at cost of $1.00 which was incorporated in Malaysia on July 26, 2019. The purpose of this acquisition was to market and sell high-end physiotherapeutic jade mats in Malaysia.
On January 7, 2020, the Company transferred its entire interest in Bright Swallow to Y-Tone (Worldwide) Limited, an unrelated third party, for cash consideration of $2,500,000, pursuant to a formal agreement entered into on January 7, 2020. The Company received the payment on May 11, 2020.
On October 14, 2020, the Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute invalidated licenses for offshore companies under an Order of Repeal of Legal Regime of the Offshore Services by Macao Special Administrative Region. Nova Macao then entered into a de-registration process and its business was taken over by Nova HK. Nova Macao completed the de-registration and liquidation process in January 2021.
On November 5, 2020, Nova LifeStyle acquired Nova HK at cost of $1,290 which was incorporated in Hong Kong on November 6, 2019. This company had minimal operations. On February 15, 2022, the Company transferred its entire assets and business in Nova HK to Nova Malaysia, a subsidiary of the Company. In February 2023, Nova HK was completed the process of de-registration and liquidation.
The “Company” and “Nova” collectively refer to Nova LifeStyle, the U.S. parent, and its subsidiaries, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Nova Macao, Diamond Bar, i Design, Nova HK and Nova Malaysia.
COVID-19
Beginning in 2020, a strain of novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) has spread globally and the Company’s operations has been adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, Nova Malaysia had not been able to operate in normal condition due to Malaysian government’s shut down orders which resulted in sales lagging and slow-moving inventories. The Company’s two showrooms in Kuala Lumpur were closed from March 2020 to May 2020 and closed again from August 2020 to March 5, 2021. Malaysia government imposed a new nationwide lockdown on May 12, 2021 until early June 2021, then the lockdown was extended to early October 2021. In October 2021, Malaysia government lifted lockdown order for people fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and our store has been reopened since then. In April 2022, Malaysia has also reopened the border for foreign visitors. However, COVID-19 in Malaysia increased financial vulnerability for those affected households and business, which contributed to significant decrease of sales and risk of continuous sluggish sales. The Company expects that the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the United States, Malaysia and world economies will also continue to have a material adverse impact on the demand for its products.
In 2022, there have been outbreaks of the Omicron variant of the COVID-19 in Hong Kong and many other cities in China, along with travel restrictions, mandatory COVID-19 tests, quarantine requirements and/or temporary closure of office buildings and facilities imposed by local governments. In December 2022, the Chinese government eased its strict zero COVID-19 policy which resulted in a surge of new COVID-19 cases during December 2022 and January 2023. Although our suppliers in China have not been materially and negatively impacted by such outbreaks, the government authorities may issue new orders of office closure, travel and transportation restrictions in China due to the resurgence of the COVID-19 and outbreak of new variants, which could cause the delay of the delivery from our suppliers in China.
The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that will continue to have on the Company’s business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict and quantify, as the actions that the Company, other businesses and governments may take to contain the spread of any COVID-19 outbreaks continue to evolve. Shipping of products from Asia has experienced significant delays since the onset of the pandemic and the costs of shipping from Asia have increased since the onset although the shipping cost has been back to normal since June 2022; and we have experienced and may continue to experience shipping disruptions in the future if there is any new outbreak of COVID-19. Because of the significant uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent of the future business interruption and the related financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
The severity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business will continue to depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the new variants of COVID-19, the efficacy and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and the extent and severity of the impact on the global supply chain and the Company’s customers, service providers and suppliers, all of which are uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted at this time. As of the date of issuance of the Company’s financial statements, the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may in the future materially impact the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operations is uncertain. The Company is monitoring and assessing the evolving situation closely and evaluating its potential exposure.
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim condensed consolidated financial information as of June 30, 2023 and for the six months and three months periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The interim condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, previously filed with the SEC on April 17, 2023.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include all significant normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial position as of June 30, 2023, its interim condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
Reverse split
On May 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada with an effective date of May 22, 2023, at which time a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, par value $, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”), shall be effected. All references to shares and per share data have been retroactively restated to reflect such split.
Use of Estimates
In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, the allowance for bad debt, valuation of inventories, the valuation of stock-based compensation, income taxes and unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, and loss contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Business Combination
For a business combination, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree are recognized at the acquisition date and measured at their fair values as of that date. In a business combination achieved in stages, the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, are recognized at the full amounts of their fair values. In a bargain purchase in which the total acquisition-date fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of the consideration transferred plus any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, that excess in earnings is recognized as a gain attributable to the acquirer.
Deferred tax liability and assets are recognized for the deferred tax consequences of differences between the tax bases and the recognized values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment, annually or more frequently when circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Impairment testing is performed at a reporting unit level. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with the fair value of the reporting unit determined using discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF analysis to forecast operating cash flows, including the discount rate, the internal rate of return and projections of realizations and costs to produce. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.
ASC Topic 350 also permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test is required to be performed. Otherwise, no further testing is required. Performing the qualitative assessment involved identifying the relevant drivers of fair value, evaluating the significance of all identified relevant events and circumstances, and weighing the factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After evaluating and weighing all these relevant events and circumstances, it was concluded that a positive assertion can be made from the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of Diamond Bar is greater than its carrying amount. As such, it is not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test for the Diamond Bar reporting unit. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company concluded there was no impairment of goodwill of Diamond Bar.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
The Company’s accounts receivable arises from product sales. The Company does not adjust its receivables for the effects of a significant financing component at contract inception if it expects to collect the receivables in one year or less from the time of sale. The Company does not expect to collect receivables greater than one year from the time of sale.
The Company’s policy is to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. An analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
The bad debts (reversal) provision from continuing operations was ($196) and $1,060 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; $65 and ($820) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Bad debt provision and written off from discontinued operations were $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Advances to Suppliers
Advances to suppliers represent amounts paid to suppliers in advance for goods that are yet to be delivered and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the Company within the normal operating cycle. Based on its historical record and in normal circumstances, the Company receives goods within 4 to 6 months from the date the advance payment is made. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, freight transportation of products from the Company’s international suppliers has been delayed or suspended during the outbreak. Any provisions for allowance for advances to suppliers, if deemed necessary, are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no provision was made on advances to suppliers.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Write-down of potential obsolete or slow moving inventories is recorded based on management’s assumptions about future demands and market conditions. The Company wrote down $108,785 and $5.12 million of slow-moving inventory from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $23,113 and $5.12 million from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The inventory write-down is included in “Cost of Sales” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no write-downs of inventories from the Company’s discontinued operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Plant, Property and Equipment
Plant, property, and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with no salvage value and estimated lives as follows:
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. There was no impairment of long-lived assets for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are related primarily to the Company designing and testing its new products during the development stage. Research and development costs are recognized in general and administrative expenses and expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses from continuing operations were $10,144 and $9,668 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $10,026 and $1,005 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Research and development expenses from discontinued operations were $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Income Taxes
In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270 “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes” whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective rate in determining its income tax provision. The income tax expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 are $2,400, and are primarily related to California state minimum tax from U.S. domestic operation. The income tax expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022 are $, and are primarily related to quarter-to-date net loss generated from foreign operation.
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company follows ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.
Under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
Nova Lifestyle, Inc. and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. Nova Furniture BVI was incorporated in the BVI and Nova Samoa was incorporated in Samoa. There is no income tax for companies domiciled in the BVI and Samoa. Accordingly, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provisions related to the BVI and Samoa tax jurisdictions where Nova Furniture BVI and Nova Samoa are domiciled. Nova Malaysia is incorporated in Malaysia and is subject to Malaysia income taxes at the statutory rate of 24%.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings such as global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) under IRC Section 951A, which is effective for the Company for tax years beginning after January 1, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company has calculated its best estimate of the impact of the GILTI in its income tax provision in accordance with its understanding of the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses (NOLs) arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures immediately in the year incurred and requires taxpayers to amortize such expenditures over five years. While it is possible that Congress may defer, modify, or repeal this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, we have no assurance that this provision will be deferred, modified, or repealed. Furthermore, in anticipation of the new provision taking effect, we have analyzed the provision and worked with our advisors to evaluate its application to our business. Since all research and development expenditures were incurred within the U.S. and the amount is immaterial, we do not anticipate it having any material impact to our provision.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the accumulated undistributed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries were approximately $25.3 million and $25.6 million of which substantially all was previously subject to U.S. tax, the one-time transition tax on foreign unremitted earnings required by the Tax Act, or GILTI. Those earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested and accordingly, no deferred tax expense is recorded for U.S. federal and state income tax or applicable withholding taxes.
As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $0 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties (“Gross UTB”) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cumulatively accrued approximately $0 for estimated interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recorded interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax benefit, which totaled $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
Nova Lifestyle and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and tax years 2019-2022 remain open to examination by tax authorities in the U.S.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues when its customers obtain control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. The Company recognizes revenues following the five-step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identifies contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenues when (or as) it satisfies the performance obligation.
Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. The Company expenses incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that it would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial.
Revenues from product sales are recorded net of reserves established for applicable discounts and allowances that are offered within contracts with the Company’s customers.
Product revenue reserves, which are classified as a reduction in product revenues, are generally characterized in the following categories: discounts, returns and rebates. These reserves are based on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable as the amount is payable to the Company’s customer.
The Company’s sales policy allows for product returns within the warranty period if the product is defective and the defects are the Company’s fault. As alternatives to the product return option, the customers have the option of requesting a discount from the Company for products with quality issues or of receiving replacement parts from the Company at no cost. The amount for product returns, the discount provided to the Company’s customers, and the costs for replacement parts were immaterial for the six months and three months ended June 31, 2023 and 2022.
In February 2023, the Company entered into a sales contract to transfer its entire inventory of Jade Mats, with the net realized value of $1.54 million to Shopants Sdn Bhd, an unrelated third party, for cash consideration of $2.00 million. The Company agreed to deliver the Jade Mats on May 20, 2023, May 31, 2023 and June 15, 2023. On June 30, 2023, the Company delivered all the Jade Mats to Shopants Sdn Bhd and recorded as revenue accordingly.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of costs of finished goods purchased from third-party manufacturers and write-downs of inventory.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs related to delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, shipping and handling credits from continuing operations were ($555) and $176, respectively; and ($194) and $668 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, shipping and handling costs from discontinued operations were $0.
Advertising
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs of promotion and marketing for the Company’s image and products, and costs of direct advertising, and are included in selling expenses. The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense from continuing operations was $619,465 and $619,673 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $207,890 and 321,541 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Advertising expense from discontinued operations was $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company accounts for share-based compensation awards to officers, directors, employees, and for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that share-based payment transactions be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic net income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all the potential common shares pertaining to warrants, stock options, and similar instruments had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share are based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options and warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding unvested restricted stock, options and warrants, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible instruments. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later) and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, outstanding convertible instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).
For the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, shares of unvested restricted stock, vested stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, and shares exercisable under warrants were excluded from the EPS calculation, as their effect were anti-dilutive.
For the six months and three months ended June 30, 2022, shares of unvested restricted stock, vested stock options to purchase shares of common stock of the Company, and shares exercisable under warrants were excluded from the EPS calculation, as their effects were anti-dilutive.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition and payment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
One customer accounted for 31% and 45% of the Company’s sales from continuing operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023. No customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s sales from continuing operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022. Two customers accounted for 77% and 16%, respectively of the Company’s gross accounts receivable as of June 30, 2023. Three customers accounted for 36%, 23% and 17%, respectively, of the Company’s gross accounts receivable as of June 30, 2022.
No customer accounted for 10% of the Company’s sales from discontinued operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company purchased its products from two major vendors during the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, accounting for a total of 36% for 2023 (22% and 14%) and 39% for 2022 (27% and 12%) of the Company’s purchases from continuing operations, respectively.
The Company purchased its products from three and two major vendors during six and three months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, accounting for a total of 53% (22%, 21%, and 10%) and 41% (26% and 15%) of the Company’s purchases.
Advances made to these major vendors were $0 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accounts payable to these major vendors were $141,849 and $62,251 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
No vendor accounted for 10% of the Company’s purchases from discontinued operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, other receivables, accounts payable, advance from customers, other payables and accrued liabilities approximate estimated fair values because of their short maturities.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollar (“$” or “USD”), which is also the functional currency of Nova LifeStyle, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Diamond Bar, Nova HK and i Design.
The Company’s subsidiary with operations in Malaysia uses its local currency, the Malaysian Ringgit (“RM”), as its functional currency. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates, which is the currency of the environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. Management’s judgment is essential to determine the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements.
Foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are re-measured at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency re-measurement are included in the statements of operations.
The financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the average of the exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Stockholders’ equity accounts are translated using the historical exchange rates at the date the entry to stockholders’ equity was recorded, except for the change in retained earnings during the period, which is translated using the historical exchange rates used to translate each period’s income statement. Differences resulting from translating functional currencies to the reporting currency are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the balance sheets.
Translation of amounts from RM into U.S. dollars has been made at the following exchange rates:
Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.
Management determined that the Company’s operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280. The Company operates exclusively in one business and industry segment: the design and sale of furniture.
Management concluded that the Company had one reportable segment under ASC 280 because Diamond Bar is a furniture distributor based in California focusing on customers in the United States, Nova HK was a furniture distributor based in Hong Kong focusing on international customers, and Nova Malaysia is a furniture retailer and distributor focusing on customers primarily in Malaysia. They are all operated under the same senior management of the Company, and management views the operations of Diamond Bar, Nova HK and Nova Malaysia as one entity for making business decisions.
All of the Company’s long-lived assets are mainly property, plant and equipment located in the United States and Malaysia and are utilized for administrative purposes.
Net sales to customers by geographic area are determined by reference to the physical product shipment delivery locations requested by the customers. For example, if the products are delivered to a customer in the United States, the sales are recorded as generated in the United States; if the customer directs us to ship its products to China, the sales are recorded as sold in China.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for the operating lease, the Company generally uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU assets”) assets represent the Company’s right to control the use of an identified asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are generally recognized based on the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. ROU assets from operating and finance leases are subject to the impairment guidance in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, as ROU assets are long-lived nonfinancial assets.
ROU assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group if the cash flows related to the ROU asset are not independent from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities.
The Company recognized no impairment of ROU assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The operating lease is included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities-current and operating lease liabilities-non-current on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Reclassification
Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified in conformity with current period’s presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 replaces the probable, incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. Am entity should apply ASU 2016-13 on a modified-retrospective transition approach that would require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings in the balance sheets as of the date of adoption. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for trouble debt restructurings by creditors and enhances the disclosure requirements for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires disclosure of gross writeoffs by year of origination for receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost, which should be applied prospectively. Both ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 are effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the two-step goodwill impairment test, under which a goodwill impairment loss was measured by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). This Update is effective for smaller reporting companies for their annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which is required to be applied prospectively from the date of adoption. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 for its interim and annual goodwill impairment tests beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company applied the new standard beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of the new standard did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This Update requires certain annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. This Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and early application is permitted. This guidance should be applied either prospectively to all transactions that are reflected in financial statements at the date of initial application and new transactions that are entered into after the date of initial application or retrospectively to those transactions. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-10 did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Lease (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements, which clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with leases between entities under common control (hereinafter referred to as common control lease). ASU 2023-01 requires entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control lease over the useful life to the common control group (regardless of the lease term) as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease, and to account for any remaining leasehold improvements as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity when the lessee no longer controls the underlying asset. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. An entity may apply ASU 2023-01 either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-01 will have on our consolidated financial statement presentations and disclosures.
The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.
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Discontinued Operations |
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| Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discontinued Operations | Note 3 - Discontinued Operations
On February 15, 2022, the Company transferred its entire assets and business in Nova HK to Nova Malaysia, a subsidiary of the Company. In February 2023, Nova HK was officially completed deregistration in Hong Kong.
As of December 31, 2021 and subsequently, operations of Nova HK have been reported as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows related to Nova HK have been reclassified in the consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
The following table summarizes the net assets of Nova HK at the date of disposal (February 15, 2022):
The following table presents the components of discontinued operations in relation to Nova HK reported in the consolidated statements of operations:
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Inventories |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Inventories | Note 4 - Inventories
The inventories as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $2,384,014 and $4,932,642, respectively, and consisted entirely of finished goods.
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Write-down of potential obsolete or slow moving inventories is recorded based on management’s assumptions about future demands and market conditions. The Company wrote down $108,785 and $5.12 million of slow-moving inventory from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $23,113 and $5.12 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The inventory write-down is included in “Cost of Sales” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there was no write-downs of inventories from the Company’s discontinued operations.
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Plant, Property and Equipment, Net |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plant, Property and Equipment, Net | Note 5 - Plant, Property and Equipment, Net
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, plant, property and equipment consisted of the following:
Depreciation expense was $36,258 and $42,161 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $17,840 and $20,306 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Depreciation expense from discontinued operations was $1,107 and $0 for the six and three months ended June 30 2022.
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Intangible Assets |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible Assets | Note 6 – Intangible Assets
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, intangible assets consisted of the following:
Amortization expense was $30,553 and $2,682 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022; and $29,212 and $1,341 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Amortization of intangible assets from discontinued operations was $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
On May 10, 2023, the virtual reality and augmented reality development project was completed and put it in use. The total payment to IT firm was 11,000,000 Malyaia Ringgit ($2,357,985) and was recorded as intangible asset. (see Note 8)
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Advances to Suppliers |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Advances to Suppliers | Note 7 - Advances to Suppliers
The Company makes advances to certain vendors for inventory purchases. The advances on inventory purchases were $57,889 and $21,173 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. No impairment charges were made on advances to suppliers for the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables |
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| Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables | Note 8 - Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables
Prepaid expenses and other receivables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, prepaid expenses and other receivables mainly represented prepaid insurance, prepaid advertising expense, and Celero and Cardknox account balances. In October 2022, Nova Malaysia entered into a business agreement with an I.T. firm to develop a virtual reality and augmented reality development project and related works. Nova Malaysia agreed to pay 10,000,000 Malaysia Ringgit ($2,110,640) for developing the project. The payment would be paid as first phase for 40% of total payment, second phase for 20% of total payment, third phase for 20% of total payment and fourth phase for 20% of total payment. On May 10, 2023, the virtual reality and augmented reality development project was completed and put it in use. The total payment to IT firm was 11,000,000 Malyaia Ringgit ($2,357,985) and was recorded as intangible asset. (see Note 6)
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Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables |
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| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables | Note 9 - Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables
Accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other accrued expenses mainly included legal and professional fees, utilities and unpaid operating expenses incurred in Malaysia. Other payables represented balance on credit card, other taxes payable and 401(k) payable.
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Other Loans |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Other Loans | Note 10 - Other Loans
On June 19, 2020, Diamond Bar was granted a U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) loan in the aggregate amount of $150,000, pursuant to the Economic Injury Disaster Loan. The Loan, which was in the form of a promissory note dated June 19, 2020, matures on June 19, 2050 and bears interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum, payable monthly beginning 12 months from the date of the promissory note. Funds from the Loan may only be used for working capital. The loan was secured by all tangible and intangible property of Diamond Bar. Interest of $4,386 and $2,839 had been accrued for this loan for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $2,193 and $1,424 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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Related Party Transactions |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
| Related Party Transactions | Note 11 - Related Party Transactions
On September 30, 2011, Diamond Bar leased a showroom in High Point, North Carolina from the Company’s President who is currently also the Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board. The lease is renewable and has been renewed each year since 2011. On April 3, 2023, the Company renewed the lease for an additional one year term at a cost of $34,561. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded rental amounts of $17,280 and $8,640, respectively, which were included in selling expenses. During the six months and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company paid rental amounts of $17,281 and $, respectively that are included in selling expenses.
On January 4, 2018, the Company entered into a sales representative agreement with a consulting firm, which is owned by the President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board, for sales representative service for a term of two years. On January 4, 2020, the Company renewed the agreement for an additional two years which was amended in July 2020. If not terminated during the first year, the agreement will continue until one party or the other terminates the agreement with 30 days written notice. The Company agreed to compensate the consulting firm via commission at predetermined rates of the relevant sales amount. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 , the Company recorded $151,911 and $86,381 as commission expense to this consulting firm, respectively. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $226,014 and $114,820 as commission expense to this consulting firm, respectively.
In September 2021, Nova Malaysia entered into a consultancy agreement with an I.T. firm whose sole shareholder was a director of Nova Macao to provide E-Commerce Web Application Setup, E-Commerce Essentials Implementation, E-Commerce UIUX and other related services. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded $287,971 and $134,077 as technology service expenses to this I.T. firm, respectively.
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| Stockholders’ Equity | Note 12 - Stockholders’ Equity
On May 28, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) at its annual meeting. The 2021 Plan was approved by the Board of Directors of the Company on April 12, 2021 and has a total of shares of the Company’s common stock which may be granted as stock reward to attract and retain personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of the Company’s business. On June 16, 2021, the Company filed Form S-8 to register the shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2021 Plan.
Shares and Warrants issued through Private Placement
On July 23, 2021, the Company conducted a registered direct offering of shares of common stock. The shares were offered and sold by the Company pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on October 8, 2020 and subsequently declared effective on October 15, 2020. Additionally, the Company issued to the investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 222,902 shares of common stock in a concurrent private placement. The combined purchase price for one share of common stock and a warrant to purchase one share of common stock was $. The warrants have an exercise price of $17.50 per share, are exercisable beginning six-months from the date of issuance, and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance. The offering gross proceeds were $3,120,622 before deducting placement agent’s commissions and other offering costs, and the net proceeds of the offering were approximately $2,760,000. The offering closed on July 27, 2021.
In conjunction with this offering, the Company issued warrants to purchase 22,290 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $17.50 per share to the placement agent and its designees. The placement agent warrants are exercisable on the six-month anniversary of the issuance date. The placement agent warrants are exercisable for four and a half years from the initial exercise date. The placement agent warrants have piggy-back registration rights and have a termination date of July 23, 2026.
The warrants issued in the private placement described above are exercisable for a fixed number of shares, and are classified as equity instruments under ASC 815-40-25-10. The Company accounted for the warrants issued in the private placement based on the fair value method under ASC Topic 505, and the fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes model under the following assumptions: estimated life of years, volatility of %, risk-free interest rate of % and dividend yield of %. No estimate of forfeitures was made as the Company has a short history of granting options and warrants. The fair value of the warrants issued to investors and placement agent at grant date was $2,018,597.
Warrants
The following is a summary of the warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:
Shares Issued to Consultants
On November 2, 2021, the Company entered into an information technology consulting agreement with a consultant for analyzing and developing the Company’s information technology infrastructure and system, and related general business advisory services effective on November 2, 2021 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, shares issued before the end of November 2021 and remaining shares will be issued on the one-year anniversary of the agreement. The fair value of the shares was $236,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on November 2, 2021 and is being amortized over the service term. The shares were issued pursuant to Nova Lifestyle, Inc. 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan (the “2021 Plan”). During the six and three months ended June30, 2022, the Company charged $ and $ to operations as consulting expenses.
On November 2, 2021, the Company entered into a marketing consulting agreement with a consultant for developing branding and marketing strategies, analyzing and evaluating consumer data services effective on November 2, 2021 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, shares issued before the end of November 2021 and remaining shares were issued on the one-year anniversary of the agreement. The fair value of the shares was $236,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on November 2, 2021 and is being amortized over the service term. The shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company charged $ and $ to operations as consulting expenses.
On November 11, 2021, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for consulting and strategy services effective on November 16, 2021 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting % on February 15, 2022, % on May 15, 2022, % on August 15, 2022 and % on November 15, 2022. The fair value of the shares was $46,600, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on November 16, 2021 and is being amortized over the service term. The shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company charged $ and $ to operations as consulting expenses.
On January 28, 2022, the Company entered into an advisory service agreement with a designer for advising furniture design concept and development effective on February 1, 2022 for twelve months. The Company shall pay the designer $10,000 per month starting from February 1, 2022 for twelve months, in the form of the Company’s Common Stock, calculated based on the closing stock price on the first trading day of the corresponding month. The shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued and shares to the designer and charged $10,000 and $50,000, respectively, to operations as designer fee. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued and shares to the designer, respectively, and charged $0 and $30,000, respectively to operations as designer fee.
On July 1, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for consulting and strategy services effective on July 1, 2022 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting % on July 1, 2022, % on October 1, 2022, % on January 1, 2023 and % on April 1, 2023. The fair value of the shares was $36,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on July 1, 2022 and is being amortized over the service term. The shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company charged $ and $, respectively, to operations as consulting expenses.
On November 16, 2022, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with a consultant for consulting and strategy services effective on November 16, 2022 for a -year term. The Company agreed to grant the consultant shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting % on February 15, 2023, % on May 15, 2023, % on August 15, 2023 and % on November 15, 2023. The fair value of the shares was $28,000, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on November 16, 2022. The shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company charged $ and $, respectively, to operations as consulting expenses.
On January 28, 2023, the Company entered into an advisory service agreement with a designer for advising furniture design concept and development effective on February 1, 2023 for twelve months. The Company shall pay the designer $10,000 per month starting from February 1, 2023 for twelve months, in the form of the Company’s Common Stock, calculated based on the closing stock price on the first trading day of the corresponding month. The shares were issued pursuant to the 2021 Plan. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, the company issued shares and to the designer and charged $50,000 and $30,000 to operations as designer fee.
Shares and Options Issued to Independent Directors
On November 7, 2018 (the “Grant Date”), the Company entered into stock option agreements under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan with the three independent members of the board of directors. The Company agreed to grant the Company’s three independent directors’ options to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per shares, with a term of years. Twenty-five percent (%) of those stock options vested on November 30, 2018, % on will vest on February 28, 2019, % on May 31, 2019, and the remaining % will vest on August 31, 2019. The fair value of the stock options granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (“BSOPM”) as described above. The fair value of the options was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of , volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of stock options was $240,105 at the grant date.
On November 4, 2019, the Company entered into stock option agreements under the 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan with the three independent members of the board of directors. The Company agreed to grant the Company’s three independent directors options to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share, with a term of years, vesting % on November 30, 2019, % on February 28, 2020, % on May 31, 2020, and % on August 31, 2020. The fair value of the stock options granted was estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of the options was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of ten years, volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of the stock options was $114,740 at the grant date.
Shares Issued to Employees
On November 11, 2021, the Company extended an employment agreement with the Company’s Corporate Secretary for a term of one year effective from November 14, 2021. The Company agreed to grant an award of restricted Stock Units to the officer pursuant to the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan. The fair value of these shares was $13,200, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on November 11, 2021, the date the award was determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, vesting % on November 10, 2021, % on March 31, 2022, % on June 30, 2022 and % on September 30, 2022. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2022, the Company amortized $ and $ to operations as stock compensation expense.
On November 11, 2022, the Company extended an employment agreement with the Company’s Corporate Secretary for a term of one year effective from November 14, 2022. The Company agreed to grant an award of restricted Stock Units to the officer pursuant to the Company’s 2021 Omnibus Equity Plan. The fair value of these shares was $3,540, which was calculated based on the stock price of $ per share on November 11, 2022, the date the award was determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, vesting % on November 11, 2022, % on March 31, 2023, % on June 30, 2023 and % on September 30, 2023. During the six and three months June 30, 2023, the Company record $ and $ to operations as stock compensation expense.
Options Issued to Employees
On August 24, 2018, the compensation committee of the Board approved an option grant to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share, with a term of , pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan. Fifty percent (%) of those stock options vested immediately, and the remaining % vested on the six-month anniversary of the grant date.
The fair value of the option granted to the Chief Financial Officer in 2018 was recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the stock option award. The fair value of the option was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of , volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of the stock options was $43,680 at the grant date.
On August 12, 2019, the compensation committee of the Board approved an option grant to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer to purchase an aggregate of shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $ per share, with a term of , pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan. Fifty percent (%) of those stock options vested immediately, and the remaining % vested on the six-month anniversary of the grant date.
The fair value of the option granted to the Chief Financial Officer in 2019 was recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the stock option award. The fair value of the option was calculated using the following assumptions: estimated life of , volatility of %, risk free interest rate of %, and dividend yield of %. The fair value of the stock options was $18,318 at the grant date.
As of June 30, 2023, unrecognized share-based compensation expense was $.
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Geographical Analysis |
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| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geographical Analysis | Note 13 - Geographical Analysis
Geographical distribution of sales consisted of the following for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
Geographical location of identifiable long-lived assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
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Lease |
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| Lease | Note 14 - Lease
On June 17, 2013, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office, warehouse, storage, and distribution space in the United States with a five year term, commencing on November 1, 2013 and expiring on October 31, 2018. The lease agreement also provided an option to extend the term for an additional six years. On April 23, 2018, the Company extended the lease for another three years with an expiration date of October 31, 2021. On October 15, 2021, the Company extended the lease for another five years with an expiration date of October 31, 2026. The initial monthly rental payment is $42,000 with an annual 3% increase.
The Company has entered into several lease agreements for office and warehouse space in Commerce, California and showroom space in Las Vegas, Nevada and High Point, North Carolina (see Note 11) on monthly or annual terms.
On July 15, 2019, Nova Malaysia entered into a sublease agreement for warehouse space with a term, expiring on July 14, 2021. The initial monthly rental payment was 20,000 Malaysia Ringgit ($4,488) and was increased to 35,000 Malaysia Ringgit ($7,855) effective August 1, 2020. On July 15, 2021, Nova Malaysia extended the lease for another two years with an expiration date of July 31, 2023. Nova Malaysia did not extend this lease after July 31, 2023.
On October 29, 2019, Nova Malaysia entered into a lease agreement for a showroom with a term, commencing on December 1, 2019 and expiring on November 30, 2021. On November 26, 2021, Nova Malaysia extended the lease to November 30, 2022 with an option for renewal for another term of 24 months. On October 4, 2022, Nova Malaysia renewed the lease for one year to November 30, 2023. The monthly rental payment is 9,280 Malaysia Ringgit ($2,083).
On August 20, 2020, Nova Malaysia entered into a sublease agreement for an office and service center with a term, commencing on September 1, 2020 and expiring on August 31, 2022. On July 29, 2022, Nova Malaysia extended the lease for another two years with an expiration date of August 31, 2024. The monthly rental payment is 30,000 Malaysia Ringgit ($6,732).
Operating lease expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023:
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases where the Company was the lessee for the six months ended June30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
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Commitments and Contingencies |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Commitments and Contingencies | Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
On December 28, 2018, a federal putative class action complaint was filed by George Barney against the Company and its former and current CEOs and CFOs (Thanh H. Lam, Ya Ming Wong, Jeffery Chuang and Yuen Ching Ho) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, claiming the Company violated federal securities laws and pursuing remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 (the “Barney Action”). Richard Deutner and ITENT EDV were subsequently appointed as lead plaintiffs and, on June 18, 2019, filed an Amended Complaint.
Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of entities acquiring Nova’s stock from December 3, 2015 through December 20, 2018. They claim that during this period the Company: (1) overstated its purported strategic alliance with a customer in China to operate as lead designer and manufacturer for all furnishings in its planned $460 million senior care center in China; and (2) inflated sales in 2016 and 2017 by recognizing significant sales to two allegedly non-existent customers. Plaintiffs claim that the falsity of these representations was exposed in a blog posted on the Seeking Alpha website in which it was claimed that an investigation failed to confirm the existence of several entities identified as significant customers.
On March 31, 2023, the Barney plaintiffs filed a Renewed Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement, Renewed Stipulation of Settlement (“Settlement”), and accompanying Memorandum of Points and Authorities. An initial Motion to Approve a Settlement Class and Proposed Settlement had been denied Under the terms of the Settlement, and without admitting to any wrongdoing, fault, or liability, the Company agrees to a payment of $750,000 to completely resolve the Barney Action. The $750,000 would be funded by the remainder of any retention under applicable directors and officer liability insurance with the remainder paid by the directors and officer liability insurer. The Settlement provides for the class members’ complete release of all claims against the Company and the named defendants with respect to any of the matters alleged in the litigation. The Settlement is subject to various conditions, including preliminary approval by the Court, notice to all class members, an opt-out period, and a final hearing and approval by the Court.
On July 10, 2023, the Court granted the Motion for Preliminary Approval of Class Action Settlement. The Court set a Final Settlement hearing on November 6, 2023, wherein it will determine whether: (a) all procedural requirements for the settlement are met; and (b) the Settlement is fair, reasonable, adequate, and should be finally approved by the Court.
On March 8, 2019, in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Jie Yuan (the “Jie Action”) filed a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit purportedly on behalf of the Company against its former and current CEOs and CFOs (Thanh H. Lam, Ya Ming Wong, Jeffery Chuang and Yuen Ching Ho) and directors (Charlie Huy La, Bin Liu, Umesh Patel, and Min Su) and vice president (Steven Qiang Liu) (collectively, the “Defendants”) seeking to recover any losses the Company sustains as a result of alleged securities violations outlined in the Seeking Alpha blog and Barney securities class action complaint. Specifically, the derivative lawsuit alleges that the Defendants caused the Company to make the alleged false and/or misleading statements giving rise to the putative securities class action. The Plaintiff also alleges that President and CEO Lam engaged in self-dealing transactions by leasing her property to Diamond Bar, a Company subsidiary, and asserts, in conclusory fashion, that Lam, former CEO and director Ya Ming Wong, former CFO and director Yuen Ching Ho, and director Umesh Patel sold securities during the period of time when the alleged false and/or misleading statements were made “with knowledge of material non-public information.”
On May 15, 2019, Wilson Samuels (the “Samuels Action”) filed a putative derivative complaint purportedly on behalf of the Company against the same current and former directors and officers named in the Jie Action other than Steven Qiang Liu. That action was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Samuels repeats the allegations of the Complaint in the Jie Action. Additionally, Samuels claims that, in announcing its change of auditing firms in September 2016, the Company asserted that this change was made because its existing auditor ceased auditing public companies subject to regulation in the United States without disclosing that its new auditing firm was created in a merger of three accounting firms, including a firm whose registration was revoked by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Samuels also claims that the Company redeemed its stock in reliance upon the same purported fraudulent recognition of revenues claimed in the putative class action. Samuels purports to state direct claims under Sections 10(b) and 20 of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 10b-5.
On March 3, 2020, the defendants filed motions to stay the derivative actions until the Barney Action is resolved or alternatively to dismiss on the grounds that plaintiffs’ failure to make demand upon the Board of Directors was not excused and the Complaints otherwise fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. By Order entered April 7, 2020, the Court granted defendants’ Motion to Stay and stayed the Jie Action until the Barney Action is resolved. The Court subsequently entered a similar Order in the Samuels Action. It also took a motion that the derivative plaintiffs filed to consolidate the proceedings and appoint lead counsel off calendar.
With the settlement of the Barney action, the derivative actions will be activated. The parties disagree as to when that will occur. Defendants have asserted that the Action must remained stayed until the final disposition of the Barney Action, meaning, the Court’s final approval of the Settlement. Plaintiff’s position is that the Court should lift the stay because the class action plaintiffs agreed to settle the case. The Court has yet to address this issue.
While these derivative actions are purportedly asserted on behalf of the Company, when they are subsequently activated, it is possible that the Company may directly incur attorneys’ fees and costs in advancing the costs of defense for its current directors and officers pursuant to contractual and legal indemnity obligations. The Company believes there is no basis to the derivative complaints and they will be vigorously defended if necessary.
Other than the above, the Company is not currently a party to any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of the management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Subsequent Events |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |
| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |
| Subsequent Events | Note 16 - Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through August 14, 2023, the date of the issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and no subsequent event is identified. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
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| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The interim condensed consolidated financial information as of June 30, 2023 and for the six months and three months periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures, which are normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The interim condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, previously filed with the SEC on April 17, 2023.
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include all significant normal and recurring adjustments) necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial position as of June 30, 2023, its interim condensed consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, as applicable, have been made. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.
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| Reverse split | Reverse split
On May 22, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada with an effective date of May 22, 2023, at which time a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, par value $, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”), shall be effected. All references to shares and per share data have been retroactively restated to reflect such split.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, the allowance for bad debt, valuation of inventories, the valuation of stock-based compensation, income taxes and unrecognized tax benefits, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, and loss contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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| Business Combination | Business Combination
For a business combination, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree are recognized at the acquisition date and measured at their fair values as of that date. In a business combination achieved in stages, the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, are recognized at the full amounts of their fair values. In a bargain purchase in which the total acquisition-date fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired exceeds the fair value of the consideration transferred plus any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, that excess in earnings is recognized as a gain attributable to the acquirer.
Deferred tax liability and assets are recognized for the deferred tax consequences of differences between the tax bases and the recognized values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10.
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| Goodwill | Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment, annually or more frequently when circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Impairment testing is performed at a reporting unit level. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with the fair value of the reporting unit determined using discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF analysis to forecast operating cash flows, including the discount rate, the internal rate of return and projections of realizations and costs to produce. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.
ASC Topic 350 also permits an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the two-step goodwill impairment test is required to be performed. Otherwise, no further testing is required. Performing the qualitative assessment involved identifying the relevant drivers of fair value, evaluating the significance of all identified relevant events and circumstances, and weighing the factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After evaluating and weighing all these relevant events and circumstances, it was concluded that a positive assertion can be made from the qualitative assessment that it is more likely than not that the fair value of Diamond Bar is greater than its carrying amount. As such, it is not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test for the Diamond Bar reporting unit. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company concluded there was no impairment of goodwill of Diamond Bar.
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers cash, money market funds, investments in interest bearing demand deposit accounts, time deposits and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
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| Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable
The Company’s accounts receivable arises from product sales. The Company does not adjust its receivables for the effects of a significant financing component at contract inception if it expects to collect the receivables in one year or less from the time of sale. The Company does not expect to collect receivables greater than one year from the time of sale.
The Company’s policy is to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. An analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
The bad debts (reversal) provision from continuing operations was ($196) and $1,060 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; $65 and ($820) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Bad debt provision and written off from discontinued operations were $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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| Advances to Suppliers | Advances to Suppliers
Advances to suppliers represent amounts paid to suppliers in advance for goods that are yet to be delivered and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the Company within the normal operating cycle. Based on its historical record and in normal circumstances, the Company receives goods within 4 to 6 months from the date the advance payment is made. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, freight transportation of products from the Company’s international suppliers has been delayed or suspended during the outbreak. Any provisions for allowance for advances to suppliers, if deemed necessary, are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the six months and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, no provision was made on advances to suppliers.
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| Inventories | Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted-average basis. Write-down of potential obsolete or slow moving inventories is recorded based on management’s assumptions about future demands and market conditions. The Company wrote down $108,785 and $5.12 million of slow-moving inventory from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $23,113 and $5.12 million from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The inventory write-down is included in “Cost of Sales” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no write-downs of inventories from the Company’s discontinued operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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| Plant, Property and Equipment | Plant, Property and Equipment
Plant, property, and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with no salvage value and estimated lives as follows:
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| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable.
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC 360-10-15 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. There was no impairment of long-lived assets for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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| Research and Development | Research and Development
Research and development costs are related primarily to the Company designing and testing its new products during the development stage. Research and development costs are recognized in general and administrative expenses and expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses from continuing operations were $10,144 and $9,668 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $10,026 and $1,005 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Research and development expenses from discontinued operations were $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
In its interim financial statements, the Company follows the guidance in ASC 270 “Interim Reporting” and ASC 740 “Income Taxes” whereby the Company utilizes the expected annual effective rate in determining its income tax provision. The income tax expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 are $2,400, and are primarily related to California state minimum tax from U.S. domestic operation. The income tax expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022 are $, and are primarily related to quarter-to-date net loss generated from foreign operation.
Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company follows ASC Topic 740, which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures.
Under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, when tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.
Nova Lifestyle, Inc. and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. Nova Furniture BVI was incorporated in the BVI and Nova Samoa was incorporated in Samoa. There is no income tax for companies domiciled in the BVI and Samoa. Accordingly, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provisions related to the BVI and Samoa tax jurisdictions where Nova Furniture BVI and Nova Samoa are domiciled. Nova Malaysia is incorporated in Malaysia and is subject to Malaysia income taxes at the statutory rate of 24%.
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings such as global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) under IRC Section 951A, which is effective for the Company for tax years beginning after January 1, 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company has calculated its best estimate of the impact of the GILTI in its income tax provision in accordance with its understanding of the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses (NOLs) arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the option to deduct research and development expenditures immediately in the year incurred and requires taxpayers to amortize such expenditures over five years. While it is possible that Congress may defer, modify, or repeal this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, we have no assurance that this provision will be deferred, modified, or repealed. Furthermore, in anticipation of the new provision taking effect, we have analyzed the provision and worked with our advisors to evaluate its application to our business. Since all research and development expenditures were incurred within the U.S. and the amount is immaterial, we do not anticipate it having any material impact to our provision.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the accumulated undistributed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries were approximately $25.3 million and $25.6 million of which substantially all was previously subject to U.S. tax, the one-time transition tax on foreign unremitted earnings required by the Tax Act, or GILTI. Those earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested and accordingly, no deferred tax expense is recorded for U.S. federal and state income tax or applicable withholding taxes.
As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate was $0 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties (“Gross UTB”) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cumulatively accrued approximately $0 for estimated interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recorded interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax benefit, which totaled $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
Nova Lifestyle and Diamond Bar are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes and tax years 2019-2022 remain open to examination by tax authorities in the U.S.
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| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenues when its customers obtain control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. The Company recognizes revenues following the five-step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identifies contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifies the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determines the transaction price; (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizes revenues when (or as) it satisfies the performance obligation.
Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customer. The Company expenses incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that it would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial.
Revenues from product sales are recorded net of reserves established for applicable discounts and allowances that are offered within contracts with the Company’s customers.
Product revenue reserves, which are classified as a reduction in product revenues, are generally characterized in the following categories: discounts, returns and rebates. These reserves are based on estimates of the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable as the amount is payable to the Company’s customer.
The Company’s sales policy allows for product returns within the warranty period if the product is defective and the defects are the Company’s fault. As alternatives to the product return option, the customers have the option of requesting a discount from the Company for products with quality issues or of receiving replacement parts from the Company at no cost. The amount for product returns, the discount provided to the Company’s customers, and the costs for replacement parts were immaterial for the six months and three months ended June 31, 2023 and 2022.
In February 2023, the Company entered into a sales contract to transfer its entire inventory of Jade Mats, with the net realized value of $1.54 million to Shopants Sdn Bhd, an unrelated third party, for cash consideration of $2.00 million. The Company agreed to deliver the Jade Mats on May 20, 2023, May 31, 2023 and June 15, 2023. On June 30, 2023, the Company delivered all the Jade Mats to Shopants Sdn Bhd and recorded as revenue accordingly.
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| Cost of Sales | Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of costs of finished goods purchased from third-party manufacturers and write-downs of inventory.
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| Shipping and Handling Costs | Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs related to delivery of finished goods are included in selling expenses. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, shipping and handling credits from continuing operations were ($555) and $176, respectively; and ($194) and $668 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, shipping and handling costs from discontinued operations were $0.
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| Advertising | Advertising
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs of promotion and marketing for the Company’s image and products, and costs of direct advertising, and are included in selling expenses. The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense from continuing operations was $619,465 and $619,673 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and $207,890 and 321,541 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Advertising expense from discontinued operations was $0 for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
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| Share-based Compensation |
The Company accounts for share-based compensation awards to officers, directors, employees, and for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires that share-based payment transactions be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument issued and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.
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| Earnings per Share (EPS) |
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic net income per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all the potential common shares pertaining to warrants, stock options, and similar instruments had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted earnings per share are based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options and warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding unvested restricted stock, options and warrants, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible instruments. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later) and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, outstanding convertible instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).
For the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, shares of unvested restricted stock, vested stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, and shares exercisable under warrants were excluded from the EPS calculation, as their effect were anti-dilutive.
For the six months and three months ended June 30, 2022, shares of unvested restricted stock, vested stock options to purchase shares of common stock of the Company, and shares exercisable under warrants were excluded from the EPS calculation, as their effects were anti-dilutive.
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| Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition and payment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
One customer accounted for 31% and 45% of the Company’s sales from continuing operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023. No customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s sales from continuing operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022. Two customers accounted for 77% and 16%, respectively of the Company’s gross accounts receivable as of June 30, 2023. Three customers accounted for 36%, 23% and 17%, respectively, of the Company’s gross accounts receivable as of June 30, 2022.
No customer accounted for 10% of the Company’s sales from discontinued operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company purchased its products from two major vendors during the six and three months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, accounting for a total of 36% for 2023 (22% and 14%) and 39% for 2022 (27% and 12%) of the Company’s purchases from continuing operations, respectively.
The Company purchased its products from three and two major vendors during six and three months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, accounting for a total of 53% (22%, 21%, and 10%) and 41% (26% and 15%) of the Company’s purchases.
Advances made to these major vendors were $0 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accounts payable to these major vendors were $141,849 and $62,251 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
No vendor accounted for 10% of the Company’s purchases from discontinued operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2022.
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:
The carrying value of cash, accounts receivable, advances to suppliers, other receivables, accounts payable, advance from customers, other payables and accrued liabilities approximate estimated fair values because of their short maturities.
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| Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions | Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollar (“$” or “USD”), which is also the functional currency of Nova LifeStyle, Nova Furniture, Nova Samoa, Diamond Bar, Nova HK and i Design.
The Company’s subsidiary with operations in Malaysia uses its local currency, the Malaysian Ringgit (“RM”), as its functional currency. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates, which is the currency of the environment in which the entity primarily generates and expends cash. Management’s judgment is essential to determine the functional currency by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements.
Foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are re-measured at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency re-measurement are included in the statements of operations.
The financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the average of the exchange rates in effect during the reporting period. Stockholders’ equity accounts are translated using the historical exchange rates at the date the entry to stockholders’ equity was recorded, except for the change in retained earnings during the period, which is translated using the historical exchange rates used to translate each period’s income statement. Differences resulting from translating functional currencies to the reporting currency are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the balance sheets.
Translation of amounts from RM into U.S. dollars has been made at the following exchange rates:
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| Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s chief operating decision maker organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions assessing performance and allocating resources. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.
Management determined that the Company’s operations constitute a single reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280. The Company operates exclusively in one business and industry segment: the design and sale of furniture.
Management concluded that the Company had one reportable segment under ASC 280 because Diamond Bar is a furniture distributor based in California focusing on customers in the United States, Nova HK was a furniture distributor based in Hong Kong focusing on international customers, and Nova Malaysia is a furniture retailer and distributor focusing on customers primarily in Malaysia. They are all operated under the same senior management of the Company, and management views the operations of Diamond Bar, Nova HK and Nova Malaysia as one entity for making business decisions.
All of the Company’s long-lived assets are mainly property, plant and equipment located in the United States and Malaysia and are utilized for administrative purposes.
Net sales to customers by geographic area are determined by reference to the physical product shipment delivery locations requested by the customers. For example, if the products are delivered to a customer in the United States, the sales are recorded as generated in the United States; if the customer directs us to ship its products to China, the sales are recorded as sold in China.
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| Leases | Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the discount rate for the lease at the commencement date. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for the operating lease, the Company generally uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU assets”) assets represent the Company’s right to control the use of an identified asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are generally recognized based on the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
ROU assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment are present. ROU assets from operating and finance leases are subject to the impairment guidance in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, as ROU assets are long-lived nonfinancial assets.
ROU assets are tested for impairment individually or as part of an asset group if the cash flows related to the ROU asset are not independent from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. An asset group is the unit of accounting for long-lived assets to be held and used, which represents the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities.
The Company recognized no impairment of ROU assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The operating lease is included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities-current and operating lease liabilities-non-current on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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| Reclassification | Reclassification
Certain prior period accounts have been reclassified in conformity with current period’s presentation.
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 replaces the probable, incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. Am entity should apply ASU 2016-13 on a modified-retrospective transition approach that would require a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings in the balance sheets as of the date of adoption. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminates the accounting guidance for trouble debt restructurings by creditors and enhances the disclosure requirements for modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires disclosure of gross writeoffs by year of origination for receivables within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost, which should be applied prospectively. Both ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 are effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2022-02 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 of the two-step goodwill impairment test, under which a goodwill impairment loss was measured by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. ASU 2017-04 requires only a one-step quantitative impairment test, whereby a goodwill impairment loss is measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit). This Update is effective for smaller reporting companies for their annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which is required to be applied prospectively from the date of adoption. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 for its interim and annual goodwill impairment tests beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company applied the new standard beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of the new standard did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This Update requires certain annual disclosures about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. This Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and early application is permitted. This guidance should be applied either prospectively to all transactions that are reflected in financial statements at the date of initial application and new transactions that are entered into after the date of initial application or retrospectively to those transactions. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 beginning January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-10 did not have any impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Lease (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements, which clarifies the accounting for leasehold improvements associated with leases between entities under common control (hereinafter referred to as common control lease). ASU 2023-01 requires entities to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control lease over the useful life to the common control group (regardless of the lease term) as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset through a lease, and to account for any remaining leasehold improvements as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity when the lessee no longer controls the underlying asset. This ASU will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. An entity may apply ASU 2023-01 either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-01 will have on our consolidated financial statement presentations and disclosures.
The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) |
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Jun. 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
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| Schedule of Plant, Property and Equipment Estimated Lives Under Straight-line Method |
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| Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties (“Gross UTB”) for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
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| Schedule of Reconciliations of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share |
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| Schedule of Exchange Rates | Translation of amounts from RM into U.S. dollars has been made at the following exchange rates:
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Discontinued Operations (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Discontinued Operations | The following table summarizes the net assets of Nova HK at the date of disposal (February 15, 2022):
The following table presents the components of discontinued operations in relation to Nova HK reported in the consolidated statements of operations:
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Plant, Property and Equipment, Net (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Plant, Property and Equipment | As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, plant, property and equipment consisted of the following:
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Intangible Assets (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Intangible Assets | As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, intangible assets consisted of the following:
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Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid Expenses And Other Receivables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables | Prepaid expenses and other receivables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
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Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables | Accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
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Stockholders’ Equity (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Warrant Activity | The following is a summary of the warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:
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| Schedule of Stock Option Activity |
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Geographical Analysis (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment Reporting [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Revenue From External Customers by Geographic Area | Geographical distribution of sales consisted of the following for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:
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| Schedule of Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas | Geographical location of identifiable long-lived assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
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Lease (Tables) |
6 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Schedule of Lease Cost | Operating lease expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
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| Schedule of Operating Lease Liability Maturity | The following is a schedule, by years, of maturities of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023:
|
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| Schedule of Lease Term and Discount Rate |
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| Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases | Supplemental cash flow information related to leases where the Company was the lessee for the six months ended June30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
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Organization and Description of Business (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
Nov. 05, 2020 |
Jan. 07, 2020 |
Dec. 12, 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formal Agreement [Member] | |||
| Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items] | |||
| Cash consideration amount | $ 2,500,000 | ||
| Nova Living (M) SDN. BHD [Member] | |||
| Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items] | |||
| Payments to acquire businesses gross | $ 1.00 | ||
| Nova HK [Member] | |||
| Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items] | |||
| Payments to acquire businesses gross | $ 1,290 |
Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||
| Accounts receivable allowance for credit loss | $ 2,914 | |||
| Reversal | $ 65 | $ 820 | (196) | $ 1,060 |
| Accounts receivable allowance for credit loss | $ 2,718 | $ 2,718 | ||
Schedule of Plant, Property and Equipment Estimated Lives Under Straight-line Method (Details) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
|---|---|
| Minimum [Member] | Computer Equipment [Member] | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Property, plant and equipment, useful life | 5 years |
| Minimum [Member] | Decoration and Renovation [Member] | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Property, plant and equipment, useful life | 5 years |
| Maximum [Member] | Computer Equipment [Member] | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Property, plant and equipment, useful life | 10 years |
| Maximum [Member] | Decoration and Renovation [Member] | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
| Property, plant and equipment, useful life | 10 years |
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
| Balance |
Schedule of Reconciliations of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||
| Net loss from continuing operations | $ (538,581) | $ (5,691,507) | $ (1,760,896) | $ (6,563,800) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations | (25,754) | |||||
| Net loss | $ (538,581) | $ (5,691,507) | $ (1,760,896) | $ (6,589,554) | ||
| Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic | [1] | 1,459,655 | 1,375,393 | 1,452,303 | 1,372,181 | |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted | [1] | 1,459,655 | 1,375,393 | 1,452,303 | 1,372,181 | |
| Net loss from continuing operations per share of common stock | ||||||
| Basic | $ (0.37) | $ (4.14) | $ (1.21) | $ (4.78) | ||
| Diluted | (0.37) | (4.14) | (1.21) | (4.78) | ||
| Net loss from discontinued operations income per share of common stock | ||||||
| Basic | (0.02) | |||||
| Diluted | (0.02) | |||||
| Net loss per share of common stock | ||||||
| Basic | (0.37) | (4.14) | (1.21) | (4.80) | ||
| Diluted | $ (0.37) | $ (4.14) | $ (1.21) | $ (4.80) | ||
| ||||||
Schedule of Reconciliation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share (Details) (Parenthetical) - shares |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
| Number of shares period increase decrease | 300 | 7,261 |
Schedule of Exchange Rates (Details) - Malaysia, Ringgits [Member] |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum [Member] | Income Statement and Cash Flows Items [Member] | |||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
| Exchange rates | 4.46 | 4.27 | |
| Maximum [Member] | Income Statement and Cash Flows Items [Member] | |||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
| Exchange rates | 1 | 1 | |
| Balance Sheet Items [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
| Exchange rates | 4.67 | 4.40 | |
| Balance Sheet Items [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
| Exchange rates | 1 | 1 |
Schedule of Discontinued Operations (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feb. 15, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Loss from discontinued operations | $ (25,754) | ||||
| Sales | |||||
| Cost of sales | |||||
| Operating expenses | (3,671) | ||||
| Other (expense) income, net | (22,083) | ||||
| Loss before income taxes | (25,754) | ||||
| Income tax benefit | |||||
| Discontinued Operations [Member] | |||||
| Inventory | $ 15,029,724 | ||||
| Equipment, net | 36,549 | ||||
| Net assets of Nova HK upon disposal | 15,066,273 | ||||
| Interest transferred to Nova Malaysia | (15,092,027) | ||||
| Loss from discontinued operations | $ (25,754) | ||||
Inventories (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|
| Inventory Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||
| Inventory net | $ 2,384,014 | $ 2,384,014 | $ 4,932,642 | ||
| Inventory write down | $ 23,113 | $ 5,120,000 | $ 108,785 | $ 5,119,054 | |
Schedule of Plant, Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment gross | $ 645,918 | $ 669,270 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (329,707) | (300,646) |
| Property plant and equipment net | 316,211 | 368,624 |
| Computer Equipment [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment gross | 273,043 | 276,567 |
| Decoration and Renovation [Member] | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | ||
| Property plant and equipment gross | $ 372,875 | $ 392,703 |
Plant, Property and Equipment, Net (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||||
| Depreciation expenses | $ 17,840 | $ 20,306 | $ 36,258 | $ 42,161 |
| Depreciation expense from discontinued operations | $ 0 | $ 1,107 | ||
Schedule of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Intangible assets, Gross | $ 2,384,785 | $ 26,800 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (42,267) | (12,963) |
| Intangible assets, Net | 2,342,518 | 13,837 |
| Computer Software, Intangible Asset [Member] | ||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Intangible assets, Gross | 26,800 | 26,800 |
| Virtual and Augmented Reality Software [Member] | ||
| Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Intangible assets, Gross | $ 2,357,985 |
Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
Jun. 30, 2022
USD ($)
|
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
Jun. 30, 2022
USD ($)
|
May 10, 2023
USD ($)
|
May 10, 2023
MYR (RM)
|
Oct. 31, 2022
USD ($)
|
Oct. 31, 2022
MYR (RM)
|
|
| Depreciation and amortization discontinued operations | $ 29,212 | $ 1,341 | $ 30,553 | $ 2,682 | ||||
| Prepaid expense current and noncurrent | $ 2,357,985 | RM 11,000,000 | $ 2,110,640 | RM 10,000,000 | ||||
| Discontinued Operations [Member] | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization discontinued operations | $ 0 | $ 0 | ||||||
Advances to Suppliers (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|
| Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||
| Advance to suppliers | $ 57,889 | $ 57,889 | $ 21,173 | ||
| Impairment charges | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Prepaid Expenses And Other Receivables | ||
| Prepaid expenses | $ 318,378 | $ 1,504,671 |
| Other receivables | 82,996 | 79,175 |
| Prepaid expenses and other receivable | $ 401,374 | $ 1,583,846 |
Prepaid Expenses and Other Receivables (Details Narrative) |
May 10, 2023
USD ($)
|
May 10, 2023
MYR (RM)
|
Oct. 31, 2022
USD ($)
|
Oct. 31, 2022
MYR (RM)
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Prepaid expense current and noncurrent . | $ 2,357,985 | RM 11,000,000 | $ 2,110,640 | RM 10,000,000 |
| First Phase [Member] | ||||
| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Percentage of prepaid expenses | 40.00% | 40.00% | ||
| Second Phase [Member] | ||||
| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Percentage of prepaid expenses | 20.00% | 20.00% | ||
| Third Phase [Member] | ||||
| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Percentage of prepaid expenses | 20.00% | 20.00% | ||
| Fourth Phase [Member] | ||||
| Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
| Percentage of prepaid expenses | 20.00% | 20.00% |
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities and Other Payables (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | ||
| Other payables | $ 100,858 | $ 15,225 |
| Salary payable | 6,612 | 6,612 |
| Financed insurance premiums | 204,690 | 71,415 |
| Auditing fee | 20,000 | 85,000 |
| Warranty liability | 32,373 | 38,349 |
| Accrued commission | 74,622 | 69,592 |
| Accrued expenses, others | 108,917 | 127,406 |
| Total accrued liabilities and other payable | $ 548,072 | $ 413,599 |
Other Loans (Details Narrative) - SBA Loan [Member] - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 19, 2020 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Short-Term Debt [Line Items] | |||||
| Proceeds from loans | $ 150,000 | ||||
| Interest rate percentage | 3.75% | ||||
| Debt instrument, description | payable monthly beginning 12 months from the date of the promissory note. | ||||
| Accumulated interest | $ 2,193 | $ 1,424 | $ 4,386 | $ 2,839 | |
Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apr. 03, 2023 |
Jan. 04, 2020 |
Jan. 04, 2018 |
Sep. 30, 2011 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Sales Representative Agreement [Member] | ||||||||
| Consulting agreement term | 2 years | 2 years | ||||||
| Payments for commissions | $ 86,381 | $ 114,820 | $ 151,911 | $ 226,014 | ||||
| Consultancy Agreement [Member] | ||||||||
| Payments for services rendered | 134,077 | 287,971 | ||||||
| Diamond Bar Outdoors, Inc [Member] | ||||||||
| Related party transaction description of transaction | Diamond Bar leased a showroom in High Point, North Carolina from the Company’s President who is currently also the Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board. | |||||||
| Lessee operating lease renewal term | 1 year | |||||||
| Lease cost | $ 34,561 | |||||||
| Payments for rent | $ 8,640 | $ 17,280 | $ 17,281 | |||||
Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) (Parenthetical) |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
| |
| Equity [Abstract] | |
| Intrinsic value of stock options market value | $ / shares | $ 2.15 |
| Stock options outstanding intrinsic value | $ 0 |
| Stock options exercisable intrinsic value | $ 0 |
Schedule of Revenue From External Customers by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | $ 4,462,429 | $ 3,813,047 | $ 6,336,994 | $ 7,478,993 |
| North America [Member] | ||||
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | 2,435,441 | 3,484,670 | 4,192,106 | 7,096,682 |
| Asia [Member] | ||||
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | 1,993,671 | 62,280 | 1,993,671 | 62,280 |
| Other Countries [Member] | ||||
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||||
| Revenues | $ 33,317 | $ 266,097 | $ 151,217 | $ 320,031 |
Schedule of Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Total | $ 2,645,978 | $ 3,100,747 |
| North America [Member] | ||
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Total | 2,232,164 | 2,545,270 |
| Asia [Member] | ||
| Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | ||
| Total | $ 413,814 | $ 555,477 |
Schedule of Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Operating lease cost – straight line | $ 219,296 | $ 213,217 | $ 438,981 | $ 428,759 |
| UNITED STATES | ||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term - years | 3 years 4 months 2 days | 3 years 4 months 2 days | ||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 3.36% | 3.36% | ||
| MALAYSIA | ||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term - years | 1 year 2 months 4 days | 1 year 2 months 4 days | ||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 5.297% | 5.297% | ||
Schedule of Operating Lease Liability Maturity (Details) |
Jun. 30, 2023
USD ($)
|
|---|---|
| Lease | |
| 2023 | $ 382,612 |
| 2024 | 754,050 |
| 2025 | 701,142 |
| Thereafter | 598,820 |
| Total undiscounted cash flows | 2,658,593 |
| Less: imputed interest | (145,900) |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ 2,290,723 |
Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) |
6 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jun. 30, 2023 |
Jun. 30, 2022 |
|
| Lease | ||
| Operating cash outflows from operating leases | $ 428,818 | $ 423,576 |
Lease (Details Narrative) |
Jul. 29, 2022 |
Nov. 26, 2021
USD ($)
|
Nov. 26, 2021
MYR (RM)
|
Oct. 15, 2021 |
Jul. 15, 2021 |
Aug. 20, 2020
USD ($)
|
Aug. 20, 2020
MYR (RM)
|
Aug. 01, 2020
USD ($)
|
Aug. 01, 2020
MYR (RM)
|
Oct. 29, 2019 |
Jul. 15, 2019
USD ($)
|
Jul. 15, 2019
MYR (RM)
|
Apr. 23, 2018 |
Jun. 17, 2013
USD ($)
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lease Agreement [Member] | ||||||||||||||
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | ||||||||||||||
| Term of contract | 2 years | 5 years | ||||||||||||
| Lease expiration date | Nov. 30, 2022 | Nov. 30, 2022 | Oct. 31, 2026 | Nov. 30, 2021 | Oct. 31, 2021 | Oct. 31, 2018 | ||||||||
| Extended term | 24 months | 24 months | 5 years | 3 years | 6 years | |||||||||
| Rental payment | $ 2,083 | RM 9,280 | $ 42,000 | |||||||||||
| Operating lease annual rent expense increase | 3.00% | |||||||||||||
| Sub Lease Agreement [Member] | ||||||||||||||
| Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items] | ||||||||||||||
| Term of contract | 2 years | 2 years | 2 years | 2 years | ||||||||||
| Lease expiration date | Aug. 31, 2024 | Jul. 31, 2023 | Aug. 31, 2022 | Aug. 31, 2022 | Jul. 14, 2021 | Jul. 14, 2021 | ||||||||
| Extended term | 2 years | 2 years | ||||||||||||
| Rental payment | $ 6,732 | RM 30,000 | $ 7,855 | RM 35,000 | $ 4,488 | RM 20,000 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) |
Dec. 28, 2018 |
|---|---|
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| Loss contingency, allegations | On December 28, 2018, a federal putative class action complaint was filed by George Barney against the Company and its former and current CEOs and CFOs (Thanh H. Lam, Ya Ming Wong, Jeffery Chuang and Yuen Ching Ho) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, claiming the Company violated federal securities laws and pursuing remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 (the “Barney Action”). Richard Deutner and ITENT EDV were subsequently appointed as lead plaintiffs and, on June 18, 2019, filed an Amended Complaint. |
| Plaintiffs description | Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of entities acquiring Nova’s stock from December 3, 2015 through December 20, 2018. They claim that during this period the Company: (1) overstated its purported strategic alliance with a customer in China to operate as lead designer and manufacturer for all furnishings in its planned $460 million senior care center in China; and (2) inflated sales in 2016 and 2017 by recognizing significant sales to two allegedly non-existent customers. |