<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0303</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2010-11-18</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001054833</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>COVENTRY HEALTH CARE INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CVH</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001470329</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Bahr Michael D</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>6705 ROCKLEDGE DR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>SUITE 900</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BETHESDA</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MD</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>20817</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Executive Vice President</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock Restricted</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-11-18</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>2514</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>25.28</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>282195</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock Restricted</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-11-18</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1886</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>25.25</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>280309</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Includes the following:  Table I-Non-Derivative Securities consisting of 5,500 shares of common stock held directly, 4,963 shares of common stock held indirectly by managed account (401(k) Plan), and 80,348 shares of restricted common stock with restrictions lapsed or lapsing in equal annual increments over four-year periods; and Table II-Derivative Securities consisting of non-qualified stock options for 184,375 shares of common stock vested or vesting in equal annual increments over three- and four-year periods, held directly, and 7,009 shares of phantom common stock allocated to the reporting person's account in Coventry's 401(k) Restoration and Deferred Compensation Plan.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">See Footnote 1 for shares held directly and indirectly.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">Includes the following:  Table I-Non-Derivative Securities consisting of 5,500 shares of common stock held directly, 4,963 shares of common stock held indirectly by managed account (401(k) Plan), and 78,462 shares of restricted common stock with restrictions lapsed or lapsing in equal annual increments over four-year periods; and Table II-Derivative Securities consisting of non-qualified stock options for 184,375 shares of common stock vested or vesting in equal annual increments over three- and four-year periods, held directly, and 7,009 shares of phantom common stock allocated to the reporting person's account in Coventry's 401(k) Restoration and Deferred Compensation Plan.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">See Footnote 1 for shares held directly and indirectly.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>Michael D. Bahr</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2010-11-18</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
