Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

8. Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 22.0% and 27.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the difference between our federal statutory and effective income tax rates was principally due to the inclusion of state taxes and non-deductible compensation, partially offset by the use of federal employment tax credits and excess tax benefit. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the effective tax rates were inclusive of an excess tax benefit of 1.2% and an excess tax expense of 2.7%, respectively. The excess tax expense or benefit is a discrete item, related to the vesting of equity shares, which requires the Company to recognize the expense or benefit fully in the period. An excess tax expense results if the Company’s cumulative costs of the award recognized exceed the income tax deduction on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, whereas an excess tax benefit results if the Company’s cumulative costs of the award recognized are less than the income tax deduction on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.