INCOME TAXES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income tax expense is the total of the current and deferred income taxes. Current income tax is the expected tax expense, payable or receivable on taxable income or loss for the period, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. Deferred income tax is the tax asset or liability resulting from a difference in income recognition between enacted or substantively enacted local tax law and group IFRS accounting.

Income tax expense consisted of the following for the six and three-month periods ended June 30:


	Six-month period				Three-month period
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Current income taxes	(141)		(165)		(78)		(98)
Deferred income taxes	78		123		38		27
Income taxes	(63)		(42)		(40)		(71)
Effective tax rate	(28.1)	%	(12.9)	%	(21.3)	%	(62.3)	%