8-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549-1004

___________________

FORM 8-K

___________________

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported) February 6, 2019

___________________

GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________

DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	001-34960 (Commission File Number)		27-0756180 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
300 Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan (Address of principal executive offices)		48265-3000 (Zip Code)

(313) 667-1500

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

__________________

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter). Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

ITEM 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition

On February 6, 2019 General Motors Company (GM) issued a news release and supplemental materials on the subject of its 2018 fourth quarter and full year consolidated earnings. The news release and supplemental materials are attached as Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2.

Charts furnished to securities analysts in connection with GM's 2018 fourth quarter and full year consolidated earnings release are available on GM's website at www.gm.com/investors/earnings-releases.html.

ITEM 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits

EXHIBIT

Exhibit	Description
Exhibit 99.1	News Release Dated February 6, 2019
Exhibit 99.2	Financial Highlights Dated February 6, 2019

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

		GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY (Registrant)
	By:	/s/ CHRISTOPHER T. HATTO
Date: February 6, 2019		Christopher T. Hatto, Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1 2018 YEAR-END EARNINGS • Full-year EPS-diluted of $5.58; EPS-diluted-adj. of $6.54 GM Reports Another • Income of $8.1 billion includes $2.5 billion in costs primarily related to restructuring Strong Year of Earnings • Q4 EPS-diluted of $1.40; EPS-diluted-adj. of $1.43 FULL-YEAR 2018 RESULTS OVERVIEW Net Revenue Income Auto Operating Cash Flow EPS-Diluted GAAP $147.0 B $8.1 B $11.7 B $5.58 vs. 2017 + 1.0 % + 2,347 % $(2.6) B + 2,436 % EBIT-adj. Margin EBIT-adj. Adj. Auto FCF EPS-Diluted-adj. Non-GAAP 8.0% $11.8 B $3.8 B* $6.54 vs. 2017 (0.8) pts (8.3) % $(1.8) B (1.2) % *$4.4 billion, excluding the impact of the $0.6 billion in pre-funding payments to certain non-U.S. pensions in Q3 2018. GM delivered another strong year of earnings in a highly volatile environment in 2018. We will continue to make bold decisions to lead the transformation of this industry and drive signifcant shareholder value.” – Mary Barra, Chairman and CEO “2018 FULL-YEAR AND FOURTH-QUARTER RESULTS TRANSFORMATION TAKES SHAPE IN 2018 In 2018, GM reported strong full-year earnings per In the frst quarter, GM introduced the frst production- share-diluted-adjusted. Results were driven by strong ready autonomous vehicle built for operating safely pricing, surging crossover sales, successful execution of with no driver or manual controls. Cruise’s integrated the company’s full-size truck launch, growth of GM approach to software and hardware development Financial earnings and disciplined cost control. Full- attracted $5 billion in external capital during the year. year automotive adjusted free cash fow of $3.8 billion   includes the impact of $600 million in pre-funding In the second quarter, GM announced a plan to place payments to certain non-U.S. pensions. GM Korea on a path toward enterprise-level proftability. Fourth quarter results were led by strong performance in GM North America, driven by a rich vehicle mix and In November, the company announced steps to align strong pricing for GM’s all-new full-size pickup trucks: its product portfolio and capacity in North America the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra. with changed consumer preferences and transform its workforce to position the company for long-term GM FINANCIAL’S STRONG PERFORMANCE success. To date, nearly 950 hourly employees have GM Financial generated 2018 full-year earnings before been placed into U.S. plants with products in key tax (EBT) of $1.9 billion, up 58.3 percent compared to growth segments. Click here for details. 2017, on revenue of $14.0 billion. In the fourth quarter, it posted EBT of $400 million on revenue of $3.6 billion, and paid GM a cash dividend of $375 million. CADILLAC MOMENTUM CONTINUES IN 2019 In January, GM announced that Cadillac will lead the company to an all-electric future, revealing the brand’s plan for its frst fully electric vehicle. Following the success of the XT4 compact luxury SUV, Cadillac revealed the all-new three-row XT6 crossover. The brand also hinted at a future Escalade and upcoming performance sedan.  To continue this product momentum, Cadillac will launch a new model every Cadillac’s frst fully electric vehicle will be the frst model derived six months through 2021. from GM’s future EV platform.

Q4 2018 RESULTS OVERVIEW Net Revenue Income Auto Operating Cash Flow EPS-Diluted GAAP $38.4 B $2.1 B $6.3 B $1.40 vs. Q4 2017 + 1.8 % + $7.0 B $(0.5) B + $4.86 EBIT-adj. Margin EBIT-adj. Adj. Auto FCF EPS-Diluted-adj. Non-GAAP 7.4% $2.8 B $4.2 B $1.43 vs. Q4 2017 (0.8) pts (8.3) % $(0.2) B (13.3) % 2018 GLOBAL VEHICLE SALES Since 2015, the share of U.S. industry sales of crossovers We navigated signifcant headwinds in 2018 to and trucks has risen 12 percentage points and in China deliver another year of strong results, by 7 percentage points. To capitalize on these trends, demonstrating the earnings resiliency of this GM has revamped its crossover lineup and is launching company. The actions we’ve been taking to all-new full-size pickups that will be followed by full- size SUVs early next year. “shape a stronger, more proftable portfolio of businesses position GM for long-term success.” In the U.S., GM delivered nearly 3 million vehicles, – Dhivya Suryadevara, CFO helped by crossover sales that topped 1 million for the year. Average transaction prices were a record of nearly $36,000, while incentives as a percent of ATPs fell 0.3 LIQUIDITY ($B) (excludes Cruise and GM Financial) percent year over year. Combined sales of the Chevrolet Silverado and Colorado, and the GMC Sierra and 2018 2017 Canyon, rose 3 percent versus 2017. Cash and Current Marketable Securities 19.6 19.6 In the midst of a softening market in China, GM delivered 3.65 million vehicles. Cadillac deliveries in Total Liquidity 33.8 33.6 China surpassed 200,000 units, rising 17.2 percent for the year, while the brand’s global sales increased 7.2 percent. PENSION UPDATE GM’s U.S. pension underfunded position decreased Through Dec. 31, 2018, the company sold 8.4 million from $5.8 billion in 2017 to $5.1 billion by year-end 2018 vehicles globally. For details on GM’s global sales, click while the company’s non-U.S. pension underfunded here. position decreased from $8.3 billion to $6.4 billion. SEGMENT RESULTS (EBIT-ADJUSTED—$B) North America International GM Cruise GM Financial (EBT) 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 10.8 11.9 0.4 1.3 (0.7) (0.6) 1.9 1.2 Q4 18 Q4 17 Q4 18 Q4 17 Q4 18 Q4 17 Q4 18 Q4 17 3.0 2.9 (0.0) 0.4 (0.2) (0.2) 0.4 0.3 Strong EBIT-adj. was driven Results include strong full- The Cruise AV test feet has Continued growth from GMF by the strength of the year China equity income fully transitioned to Gen 3 enabled the commencement company’s full-size truck of $2 billion, ofset by vehicles that are intended for of a dividend payment to GM franchise and ongoing cost u n f a v o r a b l e f o r e i g n commercial launch. Partnering in Q4 2018. d i s c i p l i n e t h a t o f s e t exchange impact of South with DoorDash, Cruise will commodity headwinds and American currencies, which now pilot food deliveries in San downtime volume impact. continued through Q4. Francisco.

MEDIA CONTACT INVESTOR CONTACT Tom Henderson Michael Heifler GM Finance Communications GM Investor Relations Media Investors 313-410-2704 313-418-0220 tom.e.henderson@gm.com michael.heifler@gm.com General Motors (NYSE:GM) is committed to delivering safer, better and more sustainable ways for people to get around. General Motors, its subsidiaries and its joint venture entities sell vehicles under the Cadillac, Chevrolet, Baojun, Buick, GMC, Holden, Jiefang and Wuling brands. More information on the company and its subsidiaries, including OnStar, a global leader in vehicle safety and security services, Maven, its personal mobility brand, and Cruise, its autonomous vehicle ridesharing company, can be found at gm.com. Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements: This press release may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Statements including words such as “anticipate,” “appears,” “approximately,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “efect,” “estimate,” “evaluate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “initiative,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “priorities,” “project,” “pursue,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “when,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of any of those words or similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements represent our current judgment about possible future events. In making these statements we rely upon assumptions and analysis based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. These statements are not guarantees of future performance; they involve risks and uncertainties and actual events or results may difer materially from these statements. Factors that might cause such diferences include, but are not limited to, a variety of economic, competitive and regulatory factors, many of which are beyond our control and are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as well as additional factors we may describe from time to time in other flings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or other factors that afect the subject of these statements, except where we are expressly required to do so by law. Basis of Presentation: The fnancial and operational information included in this press release relate to our continuing operations and not our discontinued operations, which consist of the Opel and Vauxhall businesses and certain other assets in Europe and the European fnancing subsidiaries and branches that were sold in 2017.

EX-99.2

Exhibit 99.2

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

Unless otherwise indicated, General Motors Company's (GM) non-GAAP measures are related to our continuing operations and not our discontinued operations. GM's non-GAAP measures include: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)-adjusted, presented net of noncontrolling interests; Core EBIT-adjusted; earnings per share (EPS)-diluted-adjusted; effective tax rate-adjusted (ETR-adjusted); return on invested capital-adjusted (ROIC-adjusted) and adjusted automotive free cash flow. GM's calculation of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of these non-GAAP measures has limitations and should not be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for, related U.S. GAAP measures.

These non-GAAP measures allow management and investors to view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons and benchmark performance between periods and among geographic regions to understand operating performance without regard to items we do not consider a component of our core operating performance. Furthermore, these non-GAAP measures allow investors the opportunity to measure and monitor our performance against our externally communicated targets and evaluate the investment decisions being made by management to improve ROIC-adjusted. Management uses these measures in its financial, investment and operational decision-making processes, for internal reporting and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes. Further, our Board of Directors uses certain of these and other measures as key metrics to determine management performance under our performance-based compensation plans. For these reasons we believe these non-GAAP measures are useful for our investors.

EBIT-adjusted EBIT-adjusted is presented net of noncontrolling interests and is used by management and can be used by investors to review our consolidated operating results because it excludes automotive interest income, automotive interest expense and income taxes as well as certain additional adjustments that are not considered part of our core operations. Examples of adjustments to EBIT include but are not limited to impairment charges on long-lived assets and other exit costs resulting from strategic shifts in our operations or discrete market and business conditions; costs arising from the ignition switch recall and related legal matters; and certain currency devaluations associated with hyperinflationary economies. For EBIT-adjusted and our other non-GAAP measures, once we have made an adjustment in the current period for an item, we will also adjust the related non-GAAP measure in any future periods in which there is an impact from the item.

Core EBIT-adjusted Core EBIT-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our core consolidated operating results. Core EBIT-adjusted begins with EBIT-adjusted and excludes the EBIT-adjusted results of GM Cruise. Prior to the three months ended June 30, 2018 Core EBIT-adjusted excluded the EBIT-adjusted results of autonomous vehicle operations, including GM Cruise, Maven and our investment in Lyft, Inc. (Lyft). The measure was changed to align with segment reporting. All periods presented have been recast to reflect the changes.

EPS-diluted-adjusted EPS-diluted-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our consolidated diluted EPS results on a consistent basis. EPS-diluted-adjusted is calculated as net income attributable to common stockholders-diluted less income (loss) from discontinued operations on an after-tax basis, adjustments noted above for EBIT-adjusted and certain income tax adjustments divided by weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted. Examples of income tax adjustments include the establishment or reversal of significant deferred tax asset valuation allowances.

ETR-adjusted ETR-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review the consolidated effective tax rate for our core operations on a consistent basis. ETR-adjusted is calculated as Income tax expense less the income tax related to the adjustments noted above for EBIT-adjusted and the income tax adjustments noted above for EPS-diluted-adjusted divided by Income before income taxes less adjustments.

ROIC-adjusted ROIC-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our investment and capital allocation decisions. We define ROIC-adjusted as EBIT-adjusted for the trailing four quarters divided by ROIC-adjusted average net assets, which is considered to be the average equity balances adjusted for average automotive debt and interest liabilities, exclusive of capital leases; average automotive net pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) liabilities; and average automotive net income tax assets during the same period. Adjustments to the average equity balances exclude assets and liabilities classified as either assets held for sale or liabilities held for sale.

Adjusted automotive free cash flow Adjusted automotive free cash flow is used by management and can be used by investors to review the liquidity of our automotive operations and to measure and monitor our performance against our capital allocation program and evaluate our automotive liquidity against the substantial cash requirements of our automotive operations. We measure adjusted automotive free cash flow as automotive operating cash flow from continuing operations less capital expenditures adjusted for management actions. Management actions can include voluntary events such as discretionary contributions to employee benefit plans or nonrecurring specific events such as a closure of a facility that are considered special for EBIT-adjusted purposes.

1

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles segment profit (loss) toNet income (loss) attributable to stockholders under U.S. GAAP (dollars in millions):

	Three Months Ended						Years Ended
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Operating segments
GM North America (GMNA)	$	3,041		$	2,875		$	10,769		$	11,889
GM International (GMI)	(48		)	416			423			1,300
GM Cruise	(194		)	(158		)	(728		)	(613		)
General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial)(a)	416			301			1,893			1,196
Total operating segments	3,215			3,434			12,357			13,772
Corporate and eliminations(b)	(387		)	(349		)	(574		)	(928		)
EBIT-adjusted	2,828			3,085			11,783			12,844
Adjustments
Transformation activities(c)	(1,327		)	—			(1,327		)	—
GMI restructuring(d)	—			—			(1,138		)	(540		)
Ignition switch recall and related legal matters(e)	—			—			(440		)	(114		)
Total adjustments	(1,327		)	—			(2,905		)	(654		)
Automotive interest income	117			82			335			266
Automotive interest expense	(185		)	(145		)	(655		)	(575		)
Income tax (expense) benefit(f)	611			(7,896		)	(474		)	(11,533		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations(g)	2,044			(4,874		)	8,084			348
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(h)	—			277			70			4,212
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	2,044		$	(5,151	)	$	8,014		$	(3,864	)

__________

(a) GM Financial amounts represent earnings before income taxes-adjusted.

(b) GM's automotive operations' interest income and interest expense, Maven, legacy costs from the Opel and Vauxhall businesses and certain other assets in Europe (the Opel/Vauxhall Business), which are primarily pension costs, corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses are recorded centrally in Corporate.

(c) These adjustments were excluded because of a strategic decision to accelerate our transformation for the future to strengthen our core business, capitalize on the future of personal mobility, and drive significant cost efficiencies. The adjustments primarily consist of employee separation charges and accelerated depreciation.

(d) These adjustments were excluded because of a strategic decision to rationalize our core operations by exiting or significantly reducing our presence in various international markets to focus resources on opportunities expected to deliver higher returns. The adjustments primarily consist of employee separation charges, asset impairments and supplier claims in the year ended December 31, 2018, all in Korea. The adjustment in the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily consists of asset impairments and other restructuring actions in India, South Africa and Venezuela.

(e) These adjustments were excluded because of the unique events associated with the ignition switch recall, which includedvarious investigations, inquiries and complaints from constituents.

(f) Income tax (expense) benefit includes an adjustment of $1.1 billion in the year ended December 31, 2018 consisting of (1) a non-recurring tax benefit related to foreign earnings recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2018; and (2) tax effects related to U.S. tax reform legislation. The adjustment of $9.1 billion in the year ended December 31, 2017 represents the tax expense of $7.3 billion related to U.S. tax reform legislation recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2017 and the establishment of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of $2.3 billion that will no longer be realizable as a result of the sale of the Opel/Vauxhall Business, partially offset by tax benefits related to tax settlements.

(g) Net of Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests.

(h) Represents the results of the Opel/Vauxhall Business and our European financing subsidiaries and branches (the Fincos, and together with the Opel/Vauxhall Business, the European Business).

2

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles EBIT-adjusted to Core EBIT-adjusted:

	Three Months Ended				Years Ended
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
EBIT-adjusted(a)	$	2,828	$	3,085	$	11,783	$	12,844
EBIT loss-adjusted – GM Cruise	194		158		728		613
Core EBIT-adjusted	$	3,022	$	3,243	$	12,511	$	13,457

________

(a) Refer to the reconciliation of segment profit (loss) toNet income (loss) attributable to stockholders under U.S. GAAPfor adjustment details.

The following table reconciles diluted earnings (loss) per common share under U.S. GAAP to EPS-diluted-adjusted (dollars in millions):

	Three Months Ended												Years Ended
	December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017						December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Amount			Per Share			Amount			Per Share			Amount			Per Share			Amount			Per Share
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	2,006		$	1.40		$	(5,165	)	$	(3.65	)	$	7,916		$	5.53		$	(3,880	)	$	(2.60	)
Impact of including dilutive securities(a)				—						0.07						—						—
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	—			—			277			0.19			70			0.05			4,212			2.82
Adjustments(b)	1,327			0.93			—			—			2,905			2.03			654			0.44
Tax effect on adjustments(c)	(327		)	(0.23		)	—			—			(416		)	(0.29		)	(208		)	(0.14		)
Tax adjustments(d)	(954		)	(0.67		)	7,271			5.04			(1,111		)	(0.78		)	9,099			6.10
EPS-diluted-adjusted	$	2,052		$	1.43		$	2,383		$	1.65		$	9,364		$	6.54		$	9,877		$	6.62

________

(a) Represents the dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans. Refer to the table below for the effect on weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted-adjusted.

(b) Refer to the reconciliation of segment profit (loss) toNet income (loss) attributable to stockholders under U.S. GAAPfor adjustment details.

(c) The tax effect of each adjustment is determined based on the tax laws and valuation allowance status of the jurisdiction to which the adjustment relates.

(d) In the year ended December 31, 2018 the adjustment consists of: (1) a non-recurring tax benefit related to foreign earnings recorded in the three months ended December 31, 2018; and (2) tax effects related to U.S. tax reform legislation. In the year ended December 31, 2017 the adjustment consisted of the tax expense of $7.3 billion related to U.S. tax reform legislation and the establishment of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of $2.3 billion that are no longer realizable as a result of the sale of the Opel/Vauxhall Business, partially offset by tax benefits related to tax settlements. These adjustments were excluded because impacts of tax legislation and valuation allowances are not considered part of our core operations.

The following table reconciles weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted under U.S. GAAP to weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted-adjusted used in the calculation of EPS-diluted-adjusted (shares in millions):

	Three Months Ended		Years Ended
	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,432	1,414	1,431	1,492
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	—	30	—	—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted-adjusted	1,432	1,444	1,431	1,492

3

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles our effective tax rate under U.S. GAAP to ETR-adjusted (dollars in millions):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018						2017
	Income before income taxes		Income tax expense		Effective tax rate		Income before income taxes		Income tax expense			Effective tax rate
Effective tax rate	$	8,549	$	474	5.5	%	$	11,863	$	11,533		97.2	%
Adjustments(a)(b)	2,946		416				654		208
Tax adjustments(c)			1,111						(9,099		)
ETR-adjusted	$	11,495	$	2,001	17.4	%	$	12,517	$	2,642		21.1	%

________

(a) Refer to the reconciliation of segment profit (loss) toNet income (loss) attributable to stockholders under U.S. GAAPfor adjustment details.Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for these adjustments is included in the year ended December 31, 2018.

(b) The tax effect of each adjustment is determined based on the tax laws and valuation allowance status of the jurisdiction to which the adjustment relates.

(c) Refer to the reconciliation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share under U.S. GAAP to EPS-diluted-adjusted within the previous section for adjustment details.

We define return on equity (ROE) as Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders for the trailing four quarters divided by average equity for the same period. Management uses average equity to provide comparable amounts in the calculation of ROE. The following table summarizes the calculation of ROE (dollars in billions):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	8.0		$	(3.9	)
Average equity(a)	$	37.4		$	42.2
ROE	21.4		%	(9.2		)%

________

(a) Includes equity of noncontrolling interests where the corresponding earnings (loss) are included in Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders.

The following table summarizes the calculation of ROIC-adjusted (dollars in billions):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
EBIT-adjusted(a)	$	11.8		$	12.8
Average equity(b)	$	37.4		$	42.2
Add: Average automotive debt and interest liabilities (excluding capital leases)	14.4			11.6
Add: Average automotive net pension & OPEB liability	18.3			21.0
Less: Average automotive net income tax asset	(22.7		)	(29.3		)
ROIC-adjusted average net assets	$	47.4		$	45.5
ROIC-adjusted	24.9		%	28.2		%

________

(a) Refer to the reconciliation of segment profit (loss) toNet income (loss) attributable to stockholders under U.S. GAAPfor adjustment details.

(b) Includes equity of noncontrolling interests where the corresponding earnings (loss) are included in EBIT-adjusted.

4

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles Net automotive cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations under U.S. GAAP to adjusted automotive free cash flow (dollars in millions):

	Three Months Ended						Years Ended
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Net automotive cash provided by operating activities – continuing operations	$	6,299		$	6,775		$	11,737		$	14,358
Less: capital expenditures – continuing operations	(2,190		)	(2,049		)	(8,686		)	(8,325		)
Adjustments
Transformation activities	19			—			19			—
Korea restructuring	27			—			775			—
U.K. pension plan contribution(a)	—			198			—			198
GM Financial dividend(a)	—			(550		)	—			(550		)
Total adjustments	46			(352		)	794			(352		)
Adjusted automotive free cash flow – continuing operations	4,155			4,374			3,845			5,681
Net automotive cash used in operating activities – discontinued operations	—			(51		)	—			(36		)
Less: capital expenditures – discontinued operations	—			—			—			(653		)
Adjusted automotive free cash flow	$	4,155		$	4,323		$	3,845		$	4,992

________

(a) These cash flows were excluded because they resulted from the sale of the European Business.

5

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment (dollars in millions):

	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations			Total Automotive		GM Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
Net sales and revenue	$	29,823	$	4,960	$	48				$	34,831	$	—	$	3,599	$	(31	)	$	38,399
Expenditures for property	$	1,942	$	243	$	4	$	1		$	2,190	$	—	$	9	$	—		$	2,199
Depreciation and amortization	$	1,521	$	136	$	14	$	(3	)	$	1,668	$	2	$	1,971	$	—		$	3,641
Impairment charges	$	2	$	3	$	—	$	—		$	5	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	5
Equity income(a)	$	1	$	305	$	—	$	—		$	306	$	—	$	42	$	—		$	348
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations			Total Automotive		GM Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Three Months Ended December 31, 2017
Net sales and revenue	$	28,751	$	5,694	$	36				$	34,481	$	—	$	3,252	$	(18	)	$	37,715
Expenditures for property	$	1,846	$	195	$	8	$	—		$	2,049	$	23	$	28	$	—		$	2,100
Depreciation and amortization	$	1,155	$	173	$	10	$	—		$	1,338	$	—	$	1,816	$	—		$	3,154
Impairment charges	$	19	$	4	$	—	$	—		$	23	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	23
Equity income(a)	$	—	$	503	$	—	$	—		$	503	$	—	$	44	$	—		$	547
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations			Total Automotive		GM Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Net sales and revenue	$	113,792	$	19,148	$	203				$	133,143	$	—	$	14,016	$	(110	)	$	147,049
Expenditures for property	$	7,784	$	883	$	21	$	(2	)	$	8,686	$	15	$	60	$	—		$	8,761
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,995	$	562	$	50	$	(3	)	$	5,604	$	7	$	7,531	$	—		$	13,142
Impairment charges	$	55	$	466	$	6	$	—		$	527	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	527
Equity income(a)	$	8	$	1,972	$	—	$	—		$	1,980	$	—	$	183	$	—		$	2,163
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations			Total Automotive		GM Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations			Total
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Net sales and revenue	$	111,345	$	21,920	$	342				$	133,607	$	—	$	12,151	$	(170	)	$	145,588
Expenditures for property	$	7,704	$	607	$	14	$	—		$	8,325	$	34	$	94	$	—		$	8,453
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,654	$	708	$	32	$	(1	)	$	5,393	$	1	$	6,573	$	—		$	11,967
Impairment charges	$	78	$	211	$	5	$	—		$	294	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	294
Equity income(a)	$	8	$	1,951	$	—	$	—		$	1,959	$	—	$	173	$	—		$	2,132

________

(a) Includes Automotive China equity income of $307 million and $504 million in the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and $2.0 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

6

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

Vehicle Sales

GM presents both wholesale and total vehicle sales data to assist in the analysis of our revenue and our market share. Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria are subject to broad economic sanctions. Accordingly these countries are excluded from industry sales data and the corresponding calculation of GM's market share.

Wholesale vehicle sales data consists of sales to GM's dealers and distributors as well as sales to the U.S. Government, and excludes vehicles sold by our joint ventures. Wholesale vehicle sales data correlates to GM's revenue recognized from the sale of vehicles, which is the largest component of Automotive net sales and revenue. In the year ended December 31, 201836% of our wholesale vehicle sales volume was generated outside the U.S. The following table summarizes wholesale vehicle sales by automotive segment (vehicles in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Years Ended
	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
GMNA(a)	896	915	3,555	3,511
GMI(b)	316	328	1,152	1,267
Total	1,212	1,243	4,707	4,778
Discontinued operations	—	—	—	696

__________

(a) Wholesale vehicle sales related to transactions with the European Business were insignificant for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017.

(b) Wholesale vehicle sales include 131 vehicles related to transactions with the European Business for the year ended December 31, 2017.

7

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

Total vehicle sales data represents: (1) retail sales (i.e., sales to consumers who purchase new vehicles from dealers or distributors); (2) fleet sales, such as sales to large and small businesses, governments, and daily rental car companies; and (3) vehicles used by dealers in their businesses, including courtesy transportation vehicles. Total vehicle sales data includes all sales by joint ventures on a total vehicle basis, not based on our percentage ownership interest in the joint venture. Certain joint venture agreements in China allow for the contractual right to report vehicle sales of non-GM trademarked vehicles by those joint ventures, which are included in the total vehicle sales we report for China. While total vehicle sales data does not correlate directly to the revenue GM recognizes during a particular period, we believe it is indicative of the underlying demand for GM vehicles. Total vehicle sales data represents management's good faith estimate based on sales reported by GM's dealers, distributors, and joint ventures, commercially available data sources such as registration and insurance data, and internal estimates and forecasts when other data is not available.

The following table summarizes total industry vehicle sales, by geographic region (vehicles in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Years Ended
	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
United States
Chevrolet – Cars	111	147	476	617
Chevrolet – Trucks	255	261	969	926
Chevrolet – Crossovers	167	142	591	522
Cadillac	41	43	155	156
Buick	51	59	207	219
GMC	160	155	556	562
Total United States	785	807	2,954	3,002
Canada, Mexico and Other	132	150	536	574
Total North America(a)	917	957	3,490	3,576
Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa
Chevrolet	287	310	959	980
Wuling	295	340	1,071	1,141
Buick	267	347	1,020	1,183
Baojun	208	356	840	997
Cadillac	58	53	213	184
Other	25	49	97	185
Total Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa(a)(b)	1,140	1,455	4,200	4,670
South America(a)(c)	185	181	690	669
Total in GM markets	2,242	2,593	8,380	8,915
Total Europe	1	1	4	685
Total Worldwide	2,243	2,594	8,384	9,600

_______

(a) Sales of Opel/Vauxhall outside of Europe were insignificant in thethree months and year ended December 31, 2017.

(b) Includes sales in India and South Africa. As of December 31, 2017 we have ceased sales of Chevrolet for the domestic markets in India and South Africa.

(c) Primarily Chevrolet.

The vehicle sales at GM's China joint ventures presented in the following table are included in GM's retail vehicle sales above (vehicles in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Years Ended
	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017	December 31, 2018	December 31, 2017
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd.	466	599	1,749	1,906
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. and FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd.	499	694	1,896	2,135

8

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Years Ended
	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Market Share
United States – Cars	10.0	%	11.7	%	10.4	%	11.5	%
United States – Trucks	26.2	%	28.3	%	25.4	%	26.3	%
United States – Crossovers	16.0	%	15.4	%	14.8	%	15.1	%
Total United States	17.5	%	18.1	%	16.7	%	17.1	%
Total North America	16.9	%	17.6	%	16.2	%	16.6	%
Total Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa	8.8	%	10.2	%	8.6	%	9.4	%
Total South America	16.4	%	16.5	%	15.4	%	16.1	%
Total GM Market	11.5	%	12.4	%	11.2	%	11.8	%
Total Europe	—	%	—	%	—	%	3.6	%
Total Worldwide	9.4	%	10.2	%	8.9	%	10.2	%
United States fleet sales as a percentage of retail vehicle sales	19.6	%	19.9	%	21.3	%	19.2	%
North America capacity two shift utilization	93.6	%	97.6	%	97.0	%	98.3	%

9

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Combining Income Statement Information

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	Year Ended December 31, 2018												Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Automotive		GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Combined		Automotive		GM Cruise			GM Financial		Eliminations			Combined
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$	133,143	$	—		$	—	$	(98	)	$	133,045	$	133,607	$	—		$	—	$	(158	)	$	133,449
GM Financial	—		—			14,016		(12		)	14,004		—		—			12,151		(12		)	12,139
Total net sales and revenue	133,143		—			14,016		(110		)	147,049		133,607		—			12,151		(170		)	145,588
Costs and expenses
Automotive and other cost of sales	120,041		715			—		(100		)	120,656		115,800		592			—		(163		)	116,229
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses	—		—			12,306		(8		)	12,298		—		—			11,128		—			11,128
Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense	9,624		26			—		—			9,650		9,549		21			—		—			9,570
Total costs and expenses	129,665		741			12,306		(108		)	142,604		125,349		613			11,128		(163		)	136,927
Operating income (loss)	3,478		(741		)	1,710		(2		)	4,445		8,258		(613		)	1,023		(7		)	8,661
Automotive interest expense	662		1			—		(8		)	655		582		—			—		(7		)	575
Interest income and other non-operating income, net	2,573		25			—		(2		)	2,596		1,645		—			—		—			1,645
Equity income	1,980		—			183		—			2,163		1,959		—			173		—			2,132
Income (loss) before income taxes	7,369		(717		)	1,893		4			8,549		11,280		(613		)	1,196		—			11,863
Income tax expense											474												11,533
Income from continuing operations											8,075												330
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax											70												4,212
Net income (loss)											8,005												(3,882		)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests											9												18
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders											$	8,014											$	(3,864	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders											$	7,916											$	(3,880	)

10

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (in millions, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended						Years Ended
	December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Basic earnings per share
Income (loss) from continuing operations(a)	$	2,044		$	(4,874	)	$	8,084		$	348
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock	(38		)	(14		)	(98		)	(16		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders	2,006			(4,888		)	7,986			332
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	—			277			70			4,212
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	2,006		$	(5,165	)	$	7,916		$	(3,880	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,412			1,414			1,411			1,465
Basic earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations	$	1.42		$	(3.46	)	$	5.66		$	0.23
Basic loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	—		$	0.19		$	0.05		$	2.88
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	1.42		$	(3.65	)	$	5.61		$	(2.65	)
Diluted earnings per share
Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders – diluted(a)	$	2,006		$	(4,888	)	$	7,986		$	332
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax – diluted	$	—		$	277		$	70		$	4,212
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	2,006		$	(5,165	)	$	7,916		$	(3,880	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,432			1,414			1,431			1,492
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share – continuing operations	$	1.40		$	(3.46	)	$	5.58		$	0.22
Diluted loss per common share – discontinued operations	$	—		$	0.19		$	0.05		$	2.82
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	1.40		$	(3.65	)	$	5.53		$	(2.60	)
Potentially dilutive securities(b)	9			—			9			—

__________

(a) Net of Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests.

(b) Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

11

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Combining Balance Sheet Information

(In millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

	December 31, 2018														December 31, 2017
	Automotive			GM Cruise		GM Financial			Reclassifications / Eliminations			Combined			Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial			Reclassifications / Eliminations			Combined
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,670		$	2,291	$	4,883		$	—		$	20,844		$	11,224		$	23		$	4,265		$	—		$	15,512
Marketable securities(a)	5,966			92		—			(92		)	5,966			8,313			—			—			—			8,313
Accounts and notes receivable, net(b)	5,916			1		1,430			(798		)	6,549			7,759			—			806			(401		)	8,164
GM Financial receivables, net(c)	—			—		27,367			(517		)	26,850			—			—			20,901			(380		)	20,521
Inventories	9,816			—		—			—			9,816			10,663			—			—			—			10,663
Equipment on operating leases, net	247			—		—			—			247			1,106			—			—			—			1,106
Other current assets	1,372			27		3,640			(18		)	5,021			1,394			2			3,069			—			4,465
Total current assets	36,987			2,411		37,320			(1,425		)	75,293			40,459			25			29,041			(781		)	68,744
Non-current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net(c)	—			—		25,145			(62		)	25,083			—			—			21,271			(63		)	21,208
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	7,860			—		1,355			—			9,215			7,886			—			1,187			—			9,073
Property, net	38,464			43		251			—			38,758			35,960			34			259			—			36,253
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	3,552			671		1,356			—			5,579			3,803			679			1,367			—			5,849
Equipment on operating leases, net	—			—		43,559			—			43,559			—			—			42,882			—			42,882
Deferred income taxes	23,935			70		77			—			24,082			23,301			(72		)	315			—			23,544
Other assets	4,880			—		890			—			5,770			4,000			—			929			—			4,929
Total non-current assets	78,691			784		72,633			(62		)	152,046			74,950			641			68,210			(63		)	143,738
Total Assets	$	115,678		$	3,195	$	109,953		$	(1,487	)	$	227,339		$	115,409		$	666		$	97,251		$	(844	)	$	212,482
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable (principally trade)(b)	$	22,359		$	28	$	707		$	(797	)	$	22,297		$	23,692		$	4		$	634		$	(401	)	$	23,929
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
Automotive(c)	1,452			—		—			(517		)	935			2,895			—			—			(380		)	2,515
GM Financial	—			—		30,956			—			30,956			—			—			24,450			—			24,450
Accrued liabilities	24,042			41		3,985			(19		)	28,049			22,518			26			3,452			—			25,996
Total current liabilities	47,853			69		35,648			(1,333		)	82,237			49,105			30			28,536			(781		)	76,890
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt
Automotive(c)	13,090			—		—			(62		)	13,028			11,050			—			—			(63		)	10,987
GM Financial	—			—		60,032			—			60,032			—			—			56,267			—			56,267
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	5,370			—		—			—			5,370			5,998			—			—			—			5,998
Pensions	11,535			—		3			—			11,538			13,743			—			3			—			13,746
Other liabilities	10,167			35		2,155			—			12,357			10,682			7			1,705			—			12,394
Total non-current liabilities	40,162			35		62,190			(62		)	102,325			41,473			7			57,975			(63		)	99,392
Total Liabilities	88,015			104		97,838			(1,395		)	184,562			90,578			37			86,511			(844		)	176,282
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value	14			—		—			—			14			14			—			—			—			14
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value	—			—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Additional paid-in capital(a)(d)	25,606			4		1,373			(1,420		)	25,563			25,371			—			985			(985		)	25,371
Retained earnings(a)	9,103			1,480		11,783			(44		)	22,322			6,499			629			10,499			—			17,627
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(7,998		)	—		(1,041		)	—			(9,039		)	(7,267		)	—			(744		)	—			(8,011		)
Total stockholders’ equity	26,725			1,484		12,115			(1,464		)	38,860			24,617			629			10,740			(985		)	35,001
Noncontrolling interests(d)	938			1,607		—			1,372			3,917			214			—			—			985			1,199
Total Equity	27,663			3,091		12,115			(92		)	42,777			24,831			629			10,740			—			36,200
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	115,678		$	3,195	$	109,953		$	(1,487	)	$	227,339		$	115,409		$	666		$	97,251		$	(844	)	$	212,482

_________

(a) Elimination primarily includes GM Cruise purchase of GM common stock.

(b) Eliminations primarily include Automotive accounts receivable of $63 million offset by GM Financial accounts payable, GM Financial accounts receivable of $729 million offset by Automotive accounts payable at December 31, 2018 and GM Financial accounts receivable of $309 million offset by Automotive accounts payable and Automotive accounts receivable of $92 million offset by GM Financial accounts payable at December 31, 2017.

(c) Eliminations include GM Financial loan receivable of $579 million and $443 million offset by an Automotive loan payable at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017

(d) Reclassification of GM Financial Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A and B. The preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interests in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

12

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Combining Cash Flow Information

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	Year Ended December 31, 2018															Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial			Reclassification/Eliminations			Combined			Automotive			GM Cruise			GM Financial			Reclassification/Eliminations			Combined
Cash flows from operating activities
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	7,075		$	(583	)	$	1,579		$	4		$	8,075		$	(246	)	$	(587	)	$	1,163		$	—		$	330
Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net	140			—			7,464			—			7,604			282			—			6,523			—			6,805
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges on Property, net	5,991			7			67			—			6,065			5,405			1			50			—			5,456
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction losses	156			—			12			—			168			43			—			9			—			52
Undistributed earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, net	42			—			(183		)	—			(141		)	41			—			(173		)	—			(132		)
Pension contributions and OPEB payments	(2,069		)	—			—			—			(2,069		)	(1,636		)	—			—			—			(1,636		)
Pension and OPEB income, net	(1,281		)	—			1			—			(1,280		)	(935		)	—			1			—			(934		)
Provision (benefit) for deferred taxes	(212		)	(134		)	234			—			(112		)	10,928			(26		)	(22		)	—			10,880
Change in other operating assets and liabilities(a)(b)	1,568			59			(139		)	(2,864		)	(1,376		)	(589		)	18			72			(2,516		)	(3,015		)
Other operating activities(e)	327			46			(1,663		)	(388		)	(1,678		)	1,065			108			(1,089		)	(552		)	(468		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	11,737			(605		)	7,372			(3,248		)	15,256			14,358			(486		)	6,534			(3,068		)	17,338
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			—			(36		)	—			220			(194		)	(10		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	11,737			(605		)	7,372			(3,248		)	15,256			14,322			(486		)	6,754			(3,262		)	17,328
Cash flows from investing activities
Expenditures for property	(8,686		)	(15		)	(60		)	—			(8,761		)	(8,325		)	(34		)	(94		)	—			(8,453		)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions(c)	(2,820		)	(90		)	—			90			(2,820		)	(5,503		)	—			—			—			(5,503		)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations	5,108			—			—			—			5,108			9,007			—			—			—			9,007
Acquisition of companies/investments, net of cash acquired	(29		)	—			(54		)	—			(83		)	(4		)	(37		)	—			—			(41		)
Purchases of finance receivables, net(a)(b)	—			—			(28,888		)	3,217			(25,671		)	—			—			(22,108		)	2,783			(19,325		)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables(b)	—			—			17,357			(309		)	17,048			—			—			12,854			(276		)	12,578
Purchases of leased vehicles, net	—			—			(16,736		)	—			(16,736		)	—			—			(19,180		)	—			(19,180		)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles	—			—			10,864			—			10,864			—			—			6,667			—			6,667
Other investing activities(d)	(1,254		)	(19		)	1			1,394			122			(404		)	—			(1		)	583			178
Net cash used in investing activities – continuing operations	(7,681		)	(124		)	(17,516		)	4,392			(20,929		)	(5,229		)	(71		)	(21,862		)	3,090			(24,072		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – discontinued operations	166			—			—			—			166			(3,613		)	—			4			109			(3,500		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,515		)	(124		)	(17,516		)	4,392			(20,763		)	(8,842		)	(71		)	(21,858		)	3,199			(27,572		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt	62			—			1,124			—			1,186			(35		)	—			(105		)	—			(140		)
Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)(d)	4,908			277			38,893			(277		)	43,801			3,824			583			48,363			(583		)	52,187
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(4,412		)	—			(28,841		)	(70		)	(33,323		)	(1,123		)	—			(32,469		)	—			(33,592		)
Payments to purchase common stock(c)	(100		)	—			—			(90		)	(190		)	(4,492		)	—			—			—			(4,492		)
Proceeds from issuance of subsidiary preferred and common stock(d)	720			2,750			492			(1,100		)	2,862			—			—			985			—			985
Dividends paid(e)	(2,151		)	(32		)	(434		)	375			(2,242		)	(2,233		)	—			(550		)	550			(2,233		)
Other financing activities	(514		)	2			(146		)	18			(640		)	(161		)	(4		)	(155		)	15			(305		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities – continuing operations	(1,487		)	2,997			11,088			(1,144		)	11,454			(4,220		)	579			16,069			(18		)	12,410
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities – discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			—			(126		)	—			219			81			174
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(1,487		)	2,997			11,088			(1,144		)	11,454			(4,346		)	579			16,288			63			12,584
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(231		)	—			(68		)	—			(299		)	267			—			81			—			348
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	2,504			2,268			876			—			5,648			1,401			22			1,265			—			2,688
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	11,258			23			6,567			—			17,848			9,857			1			5,302			—			15,160
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	13,762		$	2,291		$	7,443		$	—		$	23,496		$	11,258		$	23		$	6,567		$	—		$	17,848
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – continuing operations at end of period	$	13,762		$	2,291		$	7,443		$	—		$	23,496		$	11,258		$	23		$	6,567		$	—		$	17,848

_________

(a) Reclassifications include $2.6 billion and $2.1 billion in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 for purchases/collections of wholesale finance receivables resulting from vehicles sold by GM to dealers that have arranged their inventory floor plan financing through GM Financial.

(b) Eliminations include $611 million and $683 million in Purchases of finance receivables, net in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and $309 million and $276 million in Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 primarily related to the re-timing of cash receipts and payments between Automotive and GM Financial.

(c) Reclassifications include $90 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 for GM Cruise's investment in GM common stock.

(d) Eliminations include $1.4 billion and $583 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 for Automotive cash injections in GM Cruise, inclusive of the $1.1 billion investment in GM Cruise Preferred Stock in the year ended December 31, 2018.

(e) Eliminations include dividends issued by GM Financial to Automotive.

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