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9. Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded no income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred or for the research and development tax credits generated due to the uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items.

We have evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the Company's ability to realize its deferred tax assets, which primarily consist of net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credits. We considered the history of cumulative net losses, estimated future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies and we have concluded that it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of our deferred tax assets. As a result, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $62,951,000 and $61,779,000, respectively, which are available to offset future taxable income. They are due to expire in varying amounts starting in 2021. Federal net operating losses occurring after December 31, 2017, of approximated $14,789,000 may be carried forward indefinitely. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $20,157,000 and $19,151,000, respectively, which are available to offset future taxable income. They are due to expire in varying amounts from 2032 through 2040. A valuation allowance has been established for the full amount of deferred income tax assets as management has concluded that it is more-likely than-not that the benefits from such assets will not be realized.