Novan, Inc. (“Novan” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is a medical dermatology company focused primarily on researching, developing and commercializing innovative therapeutic products for skin diseases. Its goal is to deliver safe and efficacious therapies to patients, including developing product candidates where there are unmet medical needs. The Company is developing SB206 (berdazimer gel, 10.3%) as a topical prescription gel for the treatment of viral skin infections, with a current focus on molluscum contagiosum. On March 11, 2022, the Company acquired EPI Health, LLC, a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on medical dermatology (“EPI Health”), from Evening Post Group, LLC, a South Carolina limited liability company (“EPG” or the “Seller”). The acquisition of EPI Health (the “EPI Health Acquisition”) has provided the Company with a commercial infrastructure to sell a marketed portfolio of therapeutic products for skin diseases. Subsequent to the acquisition, the Company sells various medical dermatology products for the treatments of plaque psoriasis, rosacea, acne and dermatoses.

Novan was incorporated in January 2006 under the state laws of Delaware. In 2015, Novan Therapeutics, LLC, was organized as a wholly owned subsidiary under the state laws of North Carolina; in March 2019, the Company completed registration of a wholly owned Ireland-based subsidiary, Novan Therapeutics, Limited; and in March 2022, the Company acquired its wholly owned subsidiary, EPI Health, a South Carolina limited liability company. In August 2022, EPI Health, as sole equity member, formed and organized a new Delaware single member LLC.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The December 31, 2021 year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. Additionally, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s report on the December 31, 2021 financial statements included an explanatory paragraph indicating that there was substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

On May 25, 2021, the Company amended its restated certificate of incorporation effecting a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of its outstanding shares of capital stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Reverse Stock Split did not change the number of authorized shares of capital stock of the Company or cause an adjustment to the par value of the Company’s capital stock. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the Company adjusted (i) the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding stock options, warrants to purchase shares of common stock and stock appreciation rights, (ii) the share price targets of the Company’s Tangible Stockholder Return Plan and (iii) the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive compensation plans. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Stockholders who would have otherwise held a fractional share of capital stock received a cash payment for any fractional share resulting from the Reverse Stock Split in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the closing sales price of the common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market on May 25, 2021, the last trading day immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split. See Note 11—“Stockholders’ Equity” for further information regarding the Reverse Stock Split.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

This evaluation is also based on other relevant conditions that are known or reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including ongoing liquidity risks faced by the Company, the Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due or anticipated within one year, the funds necessary to maintain the Company’s operations considering its current financial condition, obligations, and other expected cash flows, and other conditions and events that, when considered in conjunction with the above, may adversely affect the Company’s ability to meet its obligations. The Company will continue to evaluate this going concern assessment in connection with the preparation of its quarterly and annual financial statements based upon relevant facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to, its cash and cash equivalents balance and its operating forecast and related cash projection.

The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2022, plus expected receipts associated with product sales from its commercial product portfolio, will provide it with adequate liquidity to fund its planned operating needs into the beginning of 2023. Variability in its operating forecast, driven primarily by (i) commercial product sales, (ii) timing of operating expenditures, and (iii) unanticipated changes in net working capital, will impact the Company’s cash runway. This operating forecast and related cash projection includes (i) costs associated with preparing for and seeking U.S. regulatory approval of SB206 as a treatment for molluscum, including studies enabling submission of a new drug application (“NDA”) for SB206, (ii) costs associated with the readiness and operation of the Company’s new manufacturing capability necessary to support small-scale drug substance and drug product manufacturing, (iii) conducting drug manufacturing activities with external third-party CMOs, (iv) ongoing commercial operations, including sales, marketing, inventory procurement and distribution, and supportive activities, related to its portfolio of therapeutic products for skin diseases acquired with the EPI Health Acquisition, and (v) initial efforts to support potential commercialization of SB206, but excludes additional operating costs that could occur between a potential NDA submission for SB206 through NDA approval, including, but not limited to, marketing and commercialization efforts to achieve potential launch of SB206. The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to complete commercialization of any of its product candidates that are under development, and its funding needs will largely be determined by its commercialization strategy for SB206, subject to the targeted submission timing for the NDA relating to SB206 and the regulatory approval process and outcome, and the operating performance of its commercial product portfolio.

The inability of the Company to generate sufficient net revenues to fund its operations or obtain significant additional funding on acceptable terms in the near term, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and cause the Company to alter or reduce its planned operating activities, including, but not limited to, delaying, reducing, terminating or eliminating planned product candidate development activities, to conserve its cash and cash equivalents. The Company has pursued and may continue to pursue additional capital through equity or debt financings or from non-dilutive sources, including partnerships, collaborations, licensing, grants or other strategic relationships. The Company’s anticipated expenditure levels may change as it adjusts its current operating plan. Such actions could delay development timelines and have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and market valuation.

The Company may also explore the potential for additional strategic transactions, such as strategic acquisitions or in-licenses, sales, out-licenses or divestitures of some of its assets, or other potential strategic transactions, which could include a sale of the Company. If the Company were to pursue such a transaction, it may not be able to complete the transaction on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are favorable to the Company. Alternatively, if the Company is unable to obtain significant additional funding on acceptable terms or progress with a strategic transaction, it could instead determine to dissolve and liquidate its assets or seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. If the Company decides to dissolve and liquidate its assets or to seek protection under the bankruptcy laws, it is unclear to what extent the Company would be able to pay its obligations, and, accordingly, it is further unclear whether and to what extent any resources would be available for distributions to stockholders.

The Company accounts for business acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). ASC 805 requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values, as determined in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”), as of the acquisition date. For certain assets and liabilities, book value approximates fair value. In addition, ASC 805 establishes that consideration transferred be measured at the closing date of the acquisition at the then-current market price. Under ASC 805, acquisition-related costs (i.e., advisory, legal, valuation and other professional fees) are expensed in the period in which the costs are incurred. The application of the acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions related to the estimated fair values of net assets acquired.

The extent to which COVID-19, and its variant strains, and domestic and global efforts to contain its spread along with lingering effects of the foregoing will impact the Company’s business, including its operations, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and financial condition, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, and include the duration, severity and scope of the pandemic and its lingering impacts, the availability and effectiveness of vaccines in preventing the spread of COVID-19 (and its variants), and the actions taken by other parties, such as governmental authorities, to contain and treat COVID-19 and its variants.

During the pandemic, the timetable for development of the Company’s product candidates has been impacted and may face further disruption and the Company’s business could be further adversely affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 and its variants. In particular, COVID-19 impacted the timing of trial initiation of the Company’s B-SIMPLE4 Phase 3 study and was a factor influencing the Company’s previous adjustment of its targeted SB206 NDA submission timing, currently planned for around the end of 2022.

In addition, certain factors from the COVID-19 pandemic may delay or otherwise adversely affect the Company’s generation of product revenues from its portfolio of therapeutic products for skin diseases, as well as adversely impact the Company’s business generally, including (i) changes in buying patterns caused by lack of normal access by patients to the healthcare system and concern about the supply of medications, (ii) adverse impacts on the Company’s manufacturing operations, supply chain and distribution processes, which may impact its ability to procure, produce and distribute its products or product candidates, (iii) the inability of third parties to fulfill their obligations to the Company due to staffing shortages, production slowdowns or stoppages and disruptions in delivery systems, (iv) the risk of shutdown in countries where the Company relies on CMOs to provide commercial manufacture of its products or clinical batch manufacturing of its product candidates, (v) the ability to procure raw materials needed for the production of the Company’s active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) and other manufacturing components for the Company’s product candidates, (vi) the possibility that third parties on which the Company may rely for certain functions and services, including CMOs, suppliers, distributors, logistics providers, and external business partners, may be adversely impacted by restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, which could cause the Company to experience delays or to incur additional costs, and (vii) the risk that the COVID-19 pandemic may intensify other risks inherent in the Company’s business.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company reviews all significant estimates affecting the condensed consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis and records the effects of any necessary adjustments prior to their issuance.

Significant estimates made by management include provisions for product returns, coupons, rebates, chargebacks, trade and cash discounts, allowances and distribution fees paid to certain wholesalers, inventory net realizable value, useful lives of amortizable intangible assets, stock-based compensation, accrued expenses, valuation of assets and liabilities in business combinations, developmental timelines related to licensed products, valuation of contingent consideration and contingencies.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position and its results of operations and cash flows. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any future period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 18, 2022.

Certain amounts in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Prepaid insurance in the amount of $1,697 and other current assets related to leasing arrangement, net in the amount of $109 has been reclassified to prepaid expenses and other current assets. In addition, certain current liabilities totaling $2,164, which were previously classified as accrued compensation, accrued outside research and development services, and accrued legal and professional fees, have been reclassified to all be included in accrued expenses to conform with the current presentation.

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Basic shares outstanding includes the weighted average effect of the Company’s outstanding pre-funded warrants, the exercise of which requires little or no consideration for the delivery of shares of common stock.

The following securities, presented on a common stock equivalent basis, have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021 because the effect is anti-dilutive due to the net loss reported in each of those periods. All share amounts presented in the table below represent the total number outstanding as of the end of each period.


	September 30,
	2022	2021
Warrants to purchase common stock (Note 11)	5,535,637	1,274,176
Stock options outstanding under the 2008 and 2016 Plans (Note 16)	1,044,753	392,058
Nonvested restricted stock units (Note 16)	464,206	—
Stock appreciation rights outstanding under the 2016 Plan (Note 16)	60,000	60,000
Inducement stock options outstanding (Note 16)	1,250	1,250

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker. The Company’s chief operating decision maker reviews financial information on a disaggregated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. See Note 18—“Segment Information” for further information on reportable segments.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company (i) identifies the contract with a customer, (ii) identifies the performance obligations within the contract, (iii) determines the transaction price, (iv) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognizes revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within the contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Upon occurrence of a contract modification, the Company conducts an evaluation pursuant to the modification framework in ASC 606 to determine the appropriate revenue recognition. The framework centers around key questions, including (i) whether the modification adds additional goods and services, (ii) whether those goods and services are distinct, and (iii) whether the contract price increases by an amount that reflects the standalone selling price for the new goods or services. The resulting conclusions will determine whether the modification is treated as a separate, standalone contract or if it is combined with the original contract and accounted for in that manner. In addition, some modifications are accounted for on a prospective basis and others on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Net product revenues encompass sales recognized resulting from transferring control of products to the customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties and sales taxes. The amount of revenue recognized is the amount allocated to the satisfied performance obligation taking into account variable consideration. The estimated amount of variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Product sales are recognized at the point in time when legal transfer of title has occurred, based on shipping terms. The Company records a reduction to the transaction price for estimated chargebacks, rebates, coupons, trade and cash discounts and sales returns. A liability is recognized for expected sales returns, rebates, coupons, trade and cash discounts, chargebacks or other reimbursements to customers in relation to sales made in the reporting period. Payment terms can differ from contract to contract, but no element of financing is deemed present as the typical payment terms are less than one year. Therefore, the transaction price is not adjusted for the effects of a significant financing component. A receivable is recognized as soon as control over the products is transferred to the customer as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

Chargebacks – The Company has arrangements with various third-party wholesalers that require the Company to issue a credit to the wholesaler for the difference between the invoice price to the wholesaler and the customer’s contract price. Provisions for chargebacks involve estimates of the contract prices within multiple contracts with multiple wholesalers. The provisions for chargebacks vary in relation to changes in product mix, pricing and the level of inventory at the wholesalers and, in addition, fluctuate in proportion to an increase or decrease in sales. Provisions for estimated chargebacks are calculated using the historical chargeback experience and expected chargeback levels for new products and anticipated pricing changes. Chargeback provisions are compared to externally obtained distribution channel reports for reasonableness. The Company regularly monitors the provisions for chargebacks and makes adjustments when the Company believes that actual chargebacks may differ from estimated provisions.

Rebates – Rebates include managed care services, fee for service and Medicaid rebate programs. Rebates are primarily related to volume-based incentives and are offered to key customers to promote loyalty. Customers receive rebates upon the attainment of a pre-established volume or the attainment of revenue milestones for a specified period. Since rebates are contractually agreed upon, provisions are estimated based on the specific terms in each agreement based on historical trends and expected sales.

Returns – Returns primarily relate to customer returns of expired products that the customer has the right to return up to one year following the product’s expiration date. Such returned products are destroyed and credits and/or refunds are issued to the customer for the value of the returns. Accordingly, no returned assets are recorded in connection with those products. The returns provision is estimated by applying a historical return rate to the amounts of revenue estimated to be subject to returns. Revenue subject to returns is estimated based on the lag time from time of sale to date of return. The estimated lag time is developed by analyzing historical experience. Additionally, the Company considers specific factors, such as levels of inventory in the distribution channel, product dating and expiration, size and maturity of launch, entrance of new competitors, changes in formularies or packaging and any changes to customer terms, in determining the overall expected levels of returns.

Sales and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are recorded as cost of revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense. Costs incurred to obtain a contract will be expensed as incurred when the amortization period is less than a year.

There can be a lag between the Company’s establishment of an estimate and the timing of the invoicing or claim. The Company believes it has made reasonable estimates for future rebates and claims, however, these estimates involve assumptions pertaining to contractual utilization and performance, and payor mix. If the performance or mix across third-party payors is different from the Company’s estimates, the Company may be required to pay higher or lower total price adjustments and/or chargebacks than it had estimated.

Agreements where the Company licenses its intellectual property to a third party for development and commercialization in a licensed territory. If the applicable license is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company’s management utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the estimated performance period and the appropriate method of measuring progress during the performance period for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company re-evaluates the estimated performance period and measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts related revenue recognition accordingly. These arrangements often include milestone as well as royalty or profit-share payments, contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events linked to the success of the asset in development, as well as expense reimbursements from or payments to the collaboration partner. Because of the risk that products in development will not receive regulatory approval, the Company does not recognize any contingent payments until after regulatory approval has been achieved.

Agreements where the Company acquires licensed rights to, or otherwise accesses, a third party’s intellectual property for commercialization of the third party’s product in a licensed territory. The Company also enters into various types of arrangements to commercialize products. The Company’s services provided to the third party under such arrangements, in exchange for compensation that may take the form of cost reimbursements, may include promoting, marketing, selling and distributing the third party’s developed drugs, and may also involve certain license rights granted to the parties for use of the other party’s intellectual property while providing defined services under the arrangements. The Company assesses the nature of each such arrangement and the various rights granted and services performed thereunder, and determines the applicable accounting standard, which may include ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”) or ASC 606.

Royalty revenue from licenses provided to the Company’s collaboration partners, which is based on sales to third parties of licensed products and technology, is recorded when the third-party sale occurs and the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied. This royalty revenue is included in license and collaboration revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

When the Company performs and incurs marketing and promotional services expense under an arrangement that is determined to be within the scope of ASC 808, and where such services are on behalf of a collaboration partner that is not considered a customer under ASC 606, the Company recognizes a contra-expense that reflects the value of the cost reimbursement to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for those services.

Under the terms of the contracts and grants awarded, the Company is entitled to receive reimbursement of its allowable direct expenses, allocated overhead, general and administrative expenses and payment of other specified amounts. Revenues from development and support activities under government research contracts and grants are recorded in the period in which the related costs are incurred. Associated expenses are recognized when incurred as research and development expense. Revenue recognized in excess of amounts collected from funding sources is recorded as accounts receivable. Any of the funding sources may, at their discretion, request reimbursement for expenses or return of funds, or both, as a result of noncompliance by the Company with the terms of the grants. No reimbursement of expenses or return of funds has been requested or made since inception of the contracts and grants.

Promotion, marketing and advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Promotion, marketing and advertising costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, were approximately $710 and $1,288, respectively. There were no costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. In estimating future tax consequences, all expected future events are considered other than enactment of changes in the tax law or rates.

The determination of recording or releasing a tax valuation allowance is made, in part, pursuant to an assessment performed by management regarding the likelihood that the Company will generate future taxable income against which benefits of its deferred tax assets may or may not be realized. This assessment requires management to exercise judgment and make estimates with respect to its ability to generate taxable income in future periods.

at risk. The allowance is the Company’s estimate for accounts receivable as of the balance sheet date that ultimately will not be collected. Any changes in the allowance are reflected in the results of operations in the period in which the change occurs. No allowance for credit losses was recorded as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021 as all amounts included in accounts receivable are expected to be collected.

The Company performs an analysis and records a provision for potentially obsolete inventory. The reserve for obsolescence is generally an estimate of the amount of inventory held at period end that is expected to expire in the future based on projected sales volume and expected product expiration or sell-by dates. These assumptions require the Company to analyze the aging of and forecasted demand for its inventory and make estimates regarding future product sales.

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the lease or the useful life of the improvements. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Improvements and betterments that add new functionality or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Leases for real estate often include tenant improvement allowances, which the Company assesses according to applicable accounting guidance to determine the appropriate owner, and capitalizes such tenant improvement assets accordingly.

Intangible assets represent certain identifiable intangible assets, including pharmaceutical product licenses and patents. Amortization for pharmaceutical products licenses is computed using the straight-line method based on the lesser of the term of the agreement and the useful life of the license. Amortization for pharmaceutical patents is computed using the straight-line method based on the useful life of the patent.

Definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. In the event impairment indicators are present or if other circumstances indicate that an impairment might exist, then management compares the future undiscounted cash flows directly associated with the asset or asset group to the carrying amount of the asset group being determined for impairment. If those estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss is recognized. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. Considerable judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of these assets, accordingly, actual results may vary significantly from such estimates.

A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of goodwill impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include, among others: a significant decline in expected future cash flows, a sustained, significant decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, adverse assessment or action by a regulator, and unanticipated competition. Key assumptions used in the annual goodwill impairment test are highly judgmental. Any change in these indicators or key assumptions could have a significant negative impact on the Company’s financial condition, impact the goodwill impairment analysis or cause the Company to perform a goodwill impairment analysis more frequently than once per year.

events of EPI Health at a discount rate that captures the risk associated with the liability and also based on a Monte Carlo simulation, whereby EPI Health’s forecasted net sales from the EPI Health legacy products were simulated over the measurement period to calculate the contingent consideration. See Note 2—“Acquisition of EPI Health” for further information regarding purchase consideration.

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, whether the warrants meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and remeasured each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the liability-classified warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which is designed to provide financial statement users with more information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. When determining such expected credit losses, the guidance requires companies to apply a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The adoption of this new accounting guidance, as of January 1, 2022, did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.