10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-34575

Cambium Learning Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	27-0587428
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
17855 Dallas Parkway, Suite 400, Dallas, Texas	75287
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 399-1995

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x      No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x      No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ¨      No  x

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding as of April 29, 2016 was 45,760,702.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2015	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015	6
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	25
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	26
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	26
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	26
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	26
Item 6.	Exhibits	27
SIGNATURE PAGE		28
EXHIBITS		29

2

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Net revenues	$	33,674		$	31,471
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues		7,007			6,886
Amortization expense		3,650			4,003
Total cost of revenues		10,657			10,889
Research and development expense		3,120			2,477
Sales and marketing expense		12,311			10,644
General and administrative expense		5,002			5,215
Shipping and handling costs		159			174
Depreciation and amortization expense		841			993
Total costs and expenses		32,090			30,392
Income before interest, other income (expense)    and income taxes		1,584			1,079
Net interest expense		(1,764	)		(3,674	)
Other income, net		—			215
Loss before income taxes		(180	)		(2,380	)
Income tax benefit (expense)		78			(118	)
Net loss	$	(102	)	$	(2,498	)
Other comprehensive loss:
Amortization of net pension loss		37			56
Comprehensive loss	$	(65	)	$	(2,442	)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)
Diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)
Average number of common shares and equivalents    outstanding:
Basic		45,739			45,479
Diluted		45,739			45,479

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

3

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data)

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,900		$	8,645
Accounts receivable, net		9,574			14,640
Inventory		4,436			4,694
Restricted assets, current		1,254			1,265
Other current assets		9,383			9,981
Total current assets		29,547			39,225
Property, equipment and software at cost		58,182			55,824
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(34,737	)		(33,284	)
Property, equipment and software, net		23,445			22,540
Goodwill		47,842			47,842
Acquired curriculum and technology intangibles, net		2,351			2,731
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,240			1,459
Other intangible assets, net		2,952			3,231
Pre-publication costs, net		16,913			16,441
Restricted assets, less current portion		2,814			3,099
Other assets		4,695			4,817
Total assets	$	131,799		$	141,385

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

4

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data)

	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(Unaudited)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,166		$	1,993
Accrued expenses		8,871			14,224
Revolving credit facility		10,500			—
Current portion of long-term debt		4,725			3,850
Deferred revenue, current		61,582			74,107
Total current liabilities		87,844			94,174
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt		96,269			97,872
Deferred revenue, less current portion		10,220			11,481
Other liabilities		11,451			12,027
Total long-term liabilities		117,940			121,380
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock ($.001 par value, 15,000 shares authorized, zero    shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and    December 31, 2015)		—			—
Common stock ($.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized,    52,293 and 52,268 shares issued, and 45,761 and 45,736    shares outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015,    respectively)		52			52
Capital surplus		285,555			285,306
Accumulated deficit		(344,077	)		(343,975	)
Treasury stock at cost (6,532 shares at March 31, 2016    and December 31, 2015)		(12,784	)		(12,784	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Pension and postretirement plans		(2,731	)		(2,768	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,731	)		(2,768	)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)		(73,985	)		(74,169	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$	131,799		$	141,385

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

5

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(102	)	$	(2,498	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss    to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		4,491			4,996
Amortization of note discount and deferred financing    costs		280			304
Stock-based compensation and expense		208			135
Other		—			1
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		5,066			2,301
Inventory		258			(188	)
Other current assets		598			(635	)
Other assets		77			(257	)
Restricted assets		296			306
Accounts payable		173			1,384
Accrued expenses		(5,353	)		(5,808	)
Deferred revenue		(13,786	)		(9,448	)
Other long-term liabilities		(539	)		(177	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(8,333	)		(9,584	)
Investing activities:
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and    pre-publication costs		(4,990	)		(4,783	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,990	)		(4,783	)
Financing activities:
Principal payments under capital lease obligations		—			(264	)
Repayment of debt		(963	)		—
Borrowings under revolving credit facility		11,000			—
Payment of revolving credit facility		(500	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		41			19
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		9,578			(245	)
Change in cash and cash equivalents		(3,745	)		(14,612	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		8,645			34,387
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,900		$	19,775

The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

6

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) and are unaudited.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 has been derived from audited financial statements.  All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

As permitted under the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for interim reporting, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been omitted.  The Company believes that these financial statements include all necessary and recurring adjustments for the fair presentation of the interim period results.  These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.  Due to seasonality, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2016.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Subsequent actual results may differ from those estimates.

Nature of Operations

The Company is a leading educational solutions and services company that is committed to helping all students reach their full potential.  The Company’s brands include:  Learning A–Z,Voyager Sopris Learning, ExploreLearning, and Kurzweil Education.  Together, these brands provide breakthrough technology solutions for online learning and professional support; best-in-class intervention and supplemental instructional materials; gold-standard professional development and school-improvement services; valid and reliable assessments; and proven materials to support a positive and safe school environment.  

These brands comprise three reportable segments with separate management teams and infrastructures that offer various products and services.  See Note 14 – Segment Reporting for further information on the Company’s segment reporting structure.  

Note 2 — Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts and estimated sales returns.  The allowance for doubtful accounts and estimated sales returns totaled $0.2 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.  The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of outstanding balances and historical collection experience.  The reserve for sales returns is based on historical rates of return as well as other factors that in the Company’s judgment, could reasonably be expected to cause sales returns to differ from historical experience.

Note 3 — Stock-Based Compensation and Expense

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2009, the Company adopted the Cambium Learning Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”).  Under the Incentive Plan, 5,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance of awards which may be granted in the form of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, conversion stock options, conversion stock appreciation rights, and other stock or cash awards.  The Incentive Plan is administered by the board of directors which has the authority to establish the terms and conditions of awards granted under the Incentive Plan.

7

Stock-Based Compensation and Expense

The following table presents our stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options that are recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015
Cost of revenues	$	15	$	8
Research and development expense		41		28
Sales and marketing expense		48		33
General and administrative expense		104		66
Total	$	208	$	135

2016 Grants

In the first quarter 2016, the Company granted 290,000 options under the Incentive Plan with an exercise price of $4.50.  The options vest in equal monthly installments on the last day of the month over a four year period, with an initial vesting date of March 31, 2016.

Note 4 — Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including potential dilutive shares of common stock assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards using the treasury stock method.  Weighted-average shares from common share equivalents in the amount of 2,885,243 for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 2,612,281 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, respectively, were excluded from the respective dilutive shares outstanding because their effect was anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2016			2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(102	)	$	(2,498	)
Denominator:
Basic:
Weighted-average common shares used in computing basic net loss per share		45,739			45,479
Diluted:
Add weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock awards		—			—
Weighted-average common shares used in computing diluted net loss per share		45,739			45,479
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)
Diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)

Note 5 — Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability (exit price), in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  Valuation techniques are based on observable or unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.  These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

· Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

· Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which significant value drivers are observable.

· Level 3 — Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which significant value drivers are unobservable.

8

Applicable guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

At March 31, 2016, financial instruments include $4.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, restricted assets of $4.1 million, collateral investments of $1.8 million, $10.5 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, and Senior Secured Credit Facility term loans, net of discount and deferred financing costs, of $101.0 million.  At December 31, 2015, financial instruments include $8.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, restricted assets of $4.4 million, collateral investments of $1.8 million, and Senior Secured Credit Facility term loans, net of discount and deferred financing costs, of $101.7 million.  The fair market values of cash equivalents, restricted assets, and collateral investments are equal to their carrying value, as these investments are recorded based on quoted market prices and/or other market data for the same or comparable instruments and transactions as of the end of the reporting period.  See Note 13 – Long-Term Debt for additional information regarding the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility and term loans.

 At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value of the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Facility term loans and Revolving Credit Facility approximates the fair value, as the borrowings are tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and are market sensitive.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	March 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	4,068	$	4,068	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		905		905		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		879		879		—		—

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	4,364	$	4,364	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		905		905		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		878		878		—		—

(in thousands)	Total Gains (Losses) for the Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	2016		2015
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		—		—

9

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are listed below at their carrying values as of each reporting date:

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	March 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Goodwill	$	47,842	$	—	$	—	$	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net		23,445		—		—		23,445
Pre-publication costs, net		16,913		—		—		16,913
Acquired curriculum and technology      intangibles, net		2,351		—		—		2,351
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,240		—		—		1,240
Other intangible assets, net		2,952		—		—		2,952

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Goodwill	$	47,842	$	—	$	—	$	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net		22,540		—		—		22,540
Pre-publication costs, net		16,441		—		—		16,441
Acquired curriculum and technology      intangibles, net		2,731		—		—		2,731
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,459		—		—		1,459
Other intangible assets, net		3,231		—		—		3,231

(in thousands)	Total Gains (Losses) for the Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	2016		2015
Goodwill	$	—	$	—
Property, equipment and software, net		—		—
Pre-publication costs, net		—		—
Acquired curriculum and technology intangibles, net		—		—
Acquired publishing rights, net		—		—
Other intangible assets, net		—		—

There were no significant remeasurements of these assets during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015.

Note 6 — Other Current Assets

Other current assets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Deferred costs	$	7,144	$	8,514
Prepaid expenses		2,139		1,367
Other		100		100
Other current assets	$	9,383	$	9,981

10

Note 7 — Other Assets

Other assets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Collateral investments	$	1,784	$	1,783
Deferred costs, less current portion		1,311		1,479
Deferred financing costs - revolving credit facility		846		892
Other		754		663
Other assets	$	4,695	$	4,817

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs relate to costs incurred with the issuance of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement.  See Note 13 – Long-Term Debt.  

Collateral Investments

The Company maintains certificates of deposit to collateralize its outstanding letters of credit associated with credit collections and workers’ compensation activity.  At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $0.9 million in certificates of deposit serving as collateral for its outstanding letters of credit.

Additionally, the Company maintains a money market fund investment to serve as collateral for a travel card program.  The balance of the money market fund investment was $0.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Note 8 — Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Salaries, bonuses and benefits	$	4,420	$	9,383
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans		1,093		1,093
Accrued royalties		740		1,201
Accrued interest		57		—
Other		2,561		2,547
Accrued expenses	$	8,871	$	14,224

Accrued Interest

Accrued interest at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 relates to the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Agreement.  See Note 13 – Long-Term Debt.  

Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

See Note 10 – Pension Plan for additional information regarding the Company’s pension plan.

Note 9 — Other Liabilities

Other liabilities at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans, long-term portion	$	9,723	$	9,903
Deferred rent		830		881
Long-term income tax payable		560		896
Long-term deferred compensation		338		347
Other liabilities	$	11,451	$	12,027

Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

See Note 10 – Pension Plan for additional information regarding the Company’s pension plan.

11

Note 10 — Pension Plan

The net pension costs of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan were comprised primarily of interest costs and totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.  The net pension costs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 included the amortization of accumulated net loss of $37 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively. 

Note 11 — Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company recognizes the financial statement impacts of a tax return position when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, that the position will ultimately be sustained.  For tax positions that meet this recognition threshold, the Company applies judgment, taking into account applicable tax laws, experience managing tax audits and relevant GAAP, to determine the amount of tax benefits to recognize in its financial statements.  For each position, the difference between the benefit realized on the Company’s tax return and the benefit reflected in its financial statements is recorded to Other Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as an unrecognized tax benefit (“UTB”).  The Company updates its UTBs at each financial statement date to reflect the impacts of audit settlements and other resolution of audit issues, expiration of statutes of limitation, developments in tax law and ongoing discussions with tax authorities.  The balance of UTBs was $6.0 million at March 31, 2016 and $6.2 million at December 31, 2015.

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2016 are approximately $0.6 million of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.  The recognition of the remaining uncertain tax positions would not affect the effective tax rate, but would instead increase or would have increased available tax attributes.  However, the recognition of the tax attribute would be offset by an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting in no net impact in the effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes interest accrued related to its UTBs and penalties as income tax expense.  Related to the UTBs noted above, the Company recognized no penalties and immaterial interest during the three months ended March 31, 2016.  At March 31, 2016, the Company has liabilities of $0.1 million for penalties (gross) and $0.1 million for interest (gross).  During the three months ended March 31, 2016, UTBs were decreased by $0.3 million for effectively settled tax positions.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions.  All U.S. tax years prior to 2008 related to the Voyager Learning Company acquired entities have been audited by the Internal Revenue Service.  Cambium and its subsidiaries have been examined by the Internal Revenue Service through the end of 2006.  The Company has been audited by the various state tax authorities through 2007.  

Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings incidental to its business.  Management believes that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s consolidated operations or financial condition and the Company has recognized appropriate liabilities as necessary based on facts and circumstances known to management. The Company expenses legal costs related to legal contingencies as incurred.

Purchase Commitments

From time to time, the Company may enter into firm purchase commitments for printed materials included in inventory which the Company expects to use in the ordinary course of business.  These commitments are typically for terms less than one year and require the Company to buy minimum quantities of materials with specific delivery dates at a fixed price over the term. These open purchase commitments totaled $0.5 million as of March 31, 2016.

Letters of Credit

The Company has letters of credit outstanding at March 31, 2016 in the amount of $0.9 million to support credit collections and workers’ compensation activity.  The Company maintains certificates of deposit of $0.9 million as collateral for the letters of credit as well as an additional deposit to support Automated Clearing House processing and credit card collections. The Company also maintains a $0.9 million money market fund investment as collateral for a travel card program. The certificates of deposit and money market fund investment are included in Collateral Investments in Note 7 — Other Assets.  

12

Note 13 — Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Senior secured credit facility term loans maturing December 10, 2020	$	104,037		$	105,000
Less: Unamortized discount		(1,725	)		(1,856	)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs		(1,318	)		(1,422	)
Total debt		100,994			101,722
Less: current portion of long-term debt		4,725			3,850
Long-term debt	$	96,269		$	97,872

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On December 10, 2015, Cambium Learning, Inc. (the “Borrower”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cambium Learning Group, Inc., entered into a $135.0 million Senior Secured Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Borrower, the Company,  Webster Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and a Lender, and the other Lenders party thereto, with Webster Bank, N.A., as Joint Lead Arranger, the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland, as a Joint Lead Arranger and Syndication Agent, and Capital One National Association, and Babson Capital Finance, LLC, as Co-Documentation Agents (the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”).  The Senior Secured Credit Facility consists of a term loan A in an initial amount of $70.0 million (“Term Loan A”), a term loan B in an initial amount of $35.0 million (“Term Loan B”) and a $30.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), secured by a lien on substantially all assets and capital stock of the Company, the Borrower and the Borrower’s subsidiaries (collectively, the “Loan Parties”).  The Senior Secured Credit Facility matures on December 10, 2020.

Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility bear interest equal to either a Base Rate, as defined in the Credit Agreement, or the LIBOR rate (subject to a 1.0% floor), at the Borrower’s option, plus an applicable margin.   The applicable margin for the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility ranges between 2.75% and 3.50% for Base Rate loans and 3.75% and 4.50% for LIBOR loans.  The applicable margin for the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is based on a leverage calculation; however, the highest level of margin is applicable until the Company completes its second quarter 2016 leverage calculation.  The applicable margin for the Term Loan B is 4.25% for Base Rate loans and 5.25% for LIBOR loans.  From the inception of the Senior Secured Credit Facility to the end of the first quarter 2016, an interest rate of 5.5% applied to the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility and an interest rate of 6.25% applied to the Term Loan B.  Additionally, unused borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to a commitment fee of 0.5%.  Interest is payable quarterly in arrears, or earlier for loans with shorter interest periods.

The Credit Agreement contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants customary for financings of this type, including, among other things, limits on the creation of liens, limits on the incurrence indebtedness, restrictions on investments and dispositions, limitations on fundamental changes to the Loan Parties, a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio, and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Upon an event of default, and after any applicable cure period, the Administrative Agent can accelerate the maturity of the loan. Events of default include customary items, such as failure to pay principal and interest in a timely manner and breach of covenants.  At March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Credit Facility.  

The principal balances of the Senior Secured Credit Facility were issued at a discount, representing fees paid to lenders, which are amortized over the life of the debt using the effective interest rate method.  Unamortized discount at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

The Company incurred debt issuance costs associated with the Senior Secured Credit Facility, which were deferred and are amortized over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method.  Unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Term Loan A and Term Loan B totaled $1.3 million and $1.4 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and are presented as a reduction to Long-term Debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $0.8 million and $0.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are classified as Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

At March 31, 2016, the Company had outstanding principal balances of $69.1 million of Term Loan A, $34.9 million of Term Loan B, and $10.5 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, and had $19.5 million borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility.

In February 2016, the Company paid $0.1 million to enter into interest rate cap agreements for approximately half of its outstanding Term Loan A and Term Loan B loans, less required amortization, for a three year period.  Under the interest rate cap agreements, the Company will receive payments for any period that the three-month LIBOR rate exceeds 2.5%.

Note 14 — Segment Reporting

The Company operates in three reportable segments with separate management teams and infrastructures that offer various products and services.

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Learning A-Z Segment

Learning A-Z is a PreK-6 education technology provider of digitally delivered resources and tools that support instruction and student growth in reading, writing, and science.  Founded in 2002, Learning A-Z believes that an enlightened approach to literacy —which starts with reading and writing, but also includes the development of key 21st century skills like communication, creativity, collaboration, and critical-thinking — is the foundation to all learning. With a robust library of incredibly effective and flexible curriculum resources, Learning A-Z provides the tools teachers need to deliver personalized instruction for a wide range of student needs, including English language learners, intervention, special education, and daily instruction. Learning A-Z’s resources are currently used in more than half the districts across the United States and Canada and in over 180 countries worldwide.  Learning A-Z is committed to:

· Delivering unmatched value, whereby high-quality resources are affordable for every individual classroom

· Making personalized learning easier, giving teachers what they need to deliver the just-right instructional resources to every student

· Empowering teachers as the foundation of student achievement, ensuring that teachers are given the support they need to be effective and efficient

Learning A-Z operates seven subscription-based websites: Reading A-Z™, Raz-Kids^®, Headsprout^®, Science A-Z^®, Writing A-Z™, Vocabulary A-Z™, and ReadyTest A-Z™.  These websites can be purchased stand-alone or in collections, for a comprehensive solution that provides online supplemental books, lessons, assessments and other instructional resources for individual classrooms, schools, and districts.

Voyager Sopris Learning Segment

The Voyager Sopris Learning segment includes the Company’s Voyager Sopris Learning and Kurzweil Education brands.

Voyager Sopris Learning Brand

The Voyager Sopris Learning brand is committed to partnering with school districts to meet and surpass their goals for student achievement.  The Voyager Sopris Learning suite of instructional and service solutions is not only research based, but also evidence based — proven to increase student achievement and educator effectiveness.  Voyager Sopris Learning’s solutions have been fully tested in the classroom, ensuring that they are easy to implement and teacher friendly.  They are innovative, both in overall instructional approach and in the strategic use of technology in blended and 100% online solutions and are supported by an unparalleled commitment to build local capacity for sustained success.  With a comprehensive suite of instructional resources, the Voyager Sopris Learning brand provides assessments, professional development and school improvement services, literacy and math instructional tools — both comprehensive intervention and supplemental — and resources to build a positive school climate.  

Kurzweil Education Brand

The Kurzweil Education™ brand delivers educational technology that solves real problems.  The Kurzweil Education literacy and learning solutions offer learners a way up and a path forward.  Students’ varying needs, their challenges, and their potential to achieve drive Kurzweil Education, which continues to develop literacy-boosting solutions that directly enhance opportunities to learn and achieve. Using the principles of Universal Design for Learning, Kurzweil’s solutions deliver content and tools that enable all learners to read, understand, and demonstrate their learning using technology-based tools.

ExploreLearning Segment

ExploreLearning develops online solutions to improve student learning in math and science.  ExploreLearning has two products: Gizmos, which the Company believes is the world’s best library of interactive, online simulations for math and science in grades 3-12; and Reflex, a powerful solution for math fact fluency development for grades 2-8.

Other

Other consists of unallocated shared services, such as accounting, legal, human resources and corporate related items, as well as depreciation and amortization expense, other income and expense, and income taxes.  The Company does not allocate any of these costs to its segments, and the chief operating decision maker evaluates performance of operating segments excluding these items.

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The following tables present the net revenues, operating expenses, income (loss) from operations, and capital expenditures which are used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to measure the segments’ operating performance.  The Company does not track assets directly by segment and the chief operating decision maker does not use assets to measure a segment’s operating performance, and therefore this information is not presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z		Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning		Other			Consolidated
Net revenues	$	15,728	$	12,336		$	5,610	$	—		$	33,674
Cost of revenues		635		5,359			1,013		—			7,007
Amortization expense		—		—			—		3,650			3,650
Total cost of revenues		635		5,359			1,013		3,650			10,657
Other operating expenses		7,168		7,026			2,772		3,626			20,592
Depreciation and amortization expense		—		—			—		841			841
Total costs and expenses		7,803		12,385			3,785		8,117			32,090
Income (loss) before interest, other     income (expense) and income taxes		7,925		(49	)		1,825		(8,117	)		1,584
Net interest expense		—		—			—		(1,764	)		(1,764	)
Income tax benefit		—		—			—		78			78
Segment net income (loss)	$	7,925	$	(49	)	$	1,825	$	(9,803	)	$	(102	)
Expenditures for property, equipment,     software and pre-publication costs		2,095	$	2,159			610		126		$	4,990

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z		Voyager Sopris Learning		ExploreLearning		Other			Consolidated
Net revenues	$	12,935	$	13,746	$	4,790	$	—		$	31,471
Cost of revenues		466		5,742		678		—			6,886
Amortization expense		—		—		—		4,003			4,003
Total cost of revenues		466		5,742		678		4,003			10,889
Other operating expenses		5,596		6,648		2,597		3,669			18,510
Depreciation and amortization expense		—		—		—		993			993
Total costs and expenses		6,062		12,390		3,275		8,665			30,392
Income (loss) before interest, other     income (expense) and income taxes		6,873		1,356		1,515		(8,665	)		1,079
Net interest expense		—		—		—		(3,674	)		(3,674	)
Other income, net		—		—		—		215			215
Income tax expense		—		—		—		(118	)		(118	)
Segment net income (loss)	$	6,873	$	1,356	$	1,515	$	(12,242	)	$	(2,498	)
Expenditures for property, equipment,     software and pre-publication costs	$	1,812	$	2,285	$	614	$	72		$	4,783

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This section should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that involve risks and uncertainties, and which are based on beliefs, expectations, estimates, projections, forecasts, plans, anticipations, targets, outlooks, initiatives, visions, objectives, strategies, opportunities, drivers and intents of our management.  Such statements are made in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this report, including statements regarding our future financial position, economic performance and results of operations, as well as our business strategy, objectives of management for future operations, and the information set forth under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” are forward-looking statements.

Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking language, such as “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “outlooks,” “initiatives,” “visions,” “objectives,” “strategies,” “opportunities,” “drivers,” “intends,” “scheduled to,” “seeks,” “may,” “will,” or “should,” or the negative of those terms, or other variations of those terms or comparable language, or by discussions of strategy, plans, targets, models or intentions. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and except for our ongoing obligations under the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.  Accordingly, you are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict.  Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, expectations may prove to have been materially different from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, as it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results.  These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A and elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC. Unless otherwise required by law, we also disclaim any obligation to update our view of any such risks or uncertainties or to announce publicly the results of any revisions to the forward-looking statements made in this report.

Overview

Cambium Learning^® Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a leading educational solutions and services company that is committed to helping all students reach their full potential.  Our award winning brands include: Learning A–Z™ (www.learninga-z.com), Voyager Sopris Learning™ (www.voyagersopris.com), ExploreLearning^® (www.explorelearning.com and www.reflexmath.com) and Kurzweil Education™ (www.kurzweiledu.com).  Together, these brands provide breakthrough technology solutions for online learning and professional support; best-in-class intervention and supplemental instructional materials; gold-standard professional development and school-improvement services; valid and reliable assessments; and proven materials to support a positive and safe school environment.

During 2016, our products have continued to receive awards and accolades from industry publications, including:

The 22^snt Annual Best Educational Software Awards (“BESSIE”) presented by The ComputED Gazette

In April 2016, Learning A-Z, Voyager Sopris Learning, and ExploreLearning each received BESSIE Awards.  The BESSIE Awards target innovative and content-rich programs and websites that provide parents and teachers with technology to foster educational excellence and are awarded to titles submitted by publishers worldwide.  We won BESSIE Awards in the following categories:

Early Learning, Reading Website:  Headsprout by Learning A-Z

Early Learning, Reading Skills Website:  Raz-Kids by Learning A-Z

Early Elementary, Reading Website:  Headsprout by Learning A-Z

Early Elementary, Science Website:Science A-Z by Learning A-Z

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Early Elementary,Math Fluency Website:Reflex by ExploreLearning

Upper Elementary, Science Website:Science A-Z by Learning A-Z

Upper Elementary, Test Skills Website:ReadyTest A-Z by Learning A-Z

Upper Elementary, Reading Website:Reading A-Z by Learning A-Z

Upper Elementary, Writing Website:Writing A-Z by Learning A-Z

Multilevel, ESL Website:LANGUAGE! Live by Voyager Sopris Learning

Multilevel, Reading Resource Website:Raz-Kids by Learning A-Z

Multilevel, Math and Science Online Simulations:Gizmos by ExploreLearning

Teacher Tools, Reading Resource Website:Reading A-Z by Learning A-Z

Segment Information

We have three reportable segments with separate management teams and infrastructures that offer various products and services:  Learning A-Z, Voyager Sopris Learning, and ExploreLearning.  Segment results of operations include Other, which consists of unallocated shared services, such as accounting, legal, human resources and corporate related items, as well as depreciation and amortization expense, interest income and expense, other income and expense, and income taxes.  We do not allocate any of these costs to our segments, and our chief operating decision maker evaluates performance of operating segments excluding these items.

Learning A-Z Segment

Learning A-Z is a PreK-6 education technology provider of digitally delivered resources and tools that support instruction and student growth in reading, writing, and science.  Founded in 2002, Learning A-Z believes that an enlightened approach to literacy — which starts with reading and writing, but also includes the development of key 21st century skills like communication, creativity, collaboration, and critical-thinking — is the foundation to all learning. With a robust library of incredibly effective and flexible curriculum resources, Learning A-Z provides the tools teachers need to deliver personalized instruction for a wide range of student needs, including English language learners, intervention, special education, and daily instruction. Learning A-Z’s resources are currently used in more than half the districts across the United States and Canada and in over 180 countries worldwide.  Learning A-Z is committed to:

• Delivering unmatched value, whereby high-quality resources are affordable for every individual classroom

• Making personalized learning easier, giving teachers what they need to deliver the just-right instructional resources to every student

• Empowering teachers as the foundation of student achievement, ensuring that teachers are given the support they need to be effective and efficient

Learning A-Z operates seven subscription-based websites: Reading A-Z™, Raz-Kids®, Headsprout®, Science A-Z®, Writing A-Z™, Vocabulary A-Z™, and ReadyTest A-Z™.  These websites can be purchased stand-alone or in collections, for a comprehensive solution that provides online supplemental books, lessons, assessments and other instructional resources for individual classrooms, schools, and districts.

Voyager Sopris Learning Segment

The Voyager Sopris Learning segment includes our Voyager Sopris Learning and Kurzweil Education brands.

Voyager Sopris Learning Brand

The Voyager Sopris Learning brand is committed to partnering with school districts to meet and surpass their goals for student achievement.  The Voyager Sopris Learning suite of instructional and service solutions is not only research based, but also evidence based — proven to increase student achievement and educator effectiveness.  Voyager Sopris Learning’s solutions have been fully tested in the classroom, ensuring that they are easy to implement and teacher friendly.  They are innovative, both in overall instructional approach and in the strategic use of technology in blended and 100% online solutions and are supported by an unparalleled commitment to build local capacity for sustained success.  With a comprehensive suite of instructional resources, the

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Voyager Sopris Learning brand provides assessments, professional development and school improvement services, literacy and math instructional tools — both comprehensive intervention and supplemental — and resources to build a positive school climate.  

Kurzweil Education Brand

The Kurzweil Education™ brand delivers educational technology that solves real problems.  The Kurzweil Education literacy and learning solutions offer learners a way up and a path forward.  Students’ varying needs, their challenges, and their potential to achieve drive Kurzweil Education, which continues to develop literacy-boosting solutions that directly enhance opportunities to learn and achieve. Using the principles of Universal Design for Learning, Kurzweil’s solutions deliver content and tools that enable all learners to read, understand, and demonstrate their learning using technology-based tools.

ExploreLearning Segment

ExploreLearning develops online solutions to improve student learning in math and science.  ExploreLearning has two products: Gizmos, which we believe is the world’s best library of interactive, online simulations for math and science in grades 3-12; and Reflex, a powerful solution for math fact fluency development for grades 2-8.

Results of Operations

Bookings

Bookings is an internal, non-GAAP metric that measures the total dollar value of customer orders in a period, regardless of the timing of the related revenue recognition.  We consider Bookings a leading indicator of revenues.  During the three months ended March 31, 2016, consolidated Bookings decreased 3.7% to $21.3 million, compared to $22.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015.  Bookings by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and the percentage change from the same period of 2015 were as follows:  

· Learning A-Z:  $8.2 million, decreased 3.1%, attributable to a higher number of early renewals in late 2015 and slower first quarter pacing in 2016.  Management’s full year expectation of Bookings growth of approximately 20% for Learning A-Z remains unchanged, with growth beginning to accelerate in the second or third quarter of the year.

· Voyager Sopris Learning:  $10.6 million, decreased 13.1%. First quarter 2015 pacing was stronger than normal due to timing of sales, representing 17% of full year 2015 Bookings versus 14% in 2014 and 2013.  Full year 2016 pacing is expected to align more closely to historical patterns. Management’s full year expectation of Bookings growth between 1% and 5% for Voyager Sopris Learning remains unchanged, with growth beginning in the second or third quarter of the year.

· ExploreLearning:  $2.6 million, increased 64.4%.  First quarter 2016 Bookings were favorably impacted by timing of renewals, which tend to fluctuate in this segment from quarter to quarter, and also from strong momentum from Reflex and the Gizmos simulations which are now upgraded to HTML5. Management’s full year expectation of Bookings growth between 10% and 20% for ExploreLearning remains unchanged, as pacing for the first quarter is strong but attributable in large part to timing of sales.

We continue to execute our strategy to shift resources to subscription and technology-enabled products.  For the three months ended March 31, 2016, technology-enabled products represented approximately 57% of Bookings versus 60% for the same period of 2015, due to the slow first quarter pacing at the Learning A-Z and Voyager Sopris Learning segments.  For purposes of this metric, technology-enabled products are defined as those products that are sold primarily as a technology-based solution or that could be used solely using a digital platform.  For the Voyager Sopris Learning segment, several products classified as technology-enabled include supplemental print materials.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015

	Three Months Ended												Year Over Year Change
	March 31, 2016						March 31, 2015						Favorable/(Unfavorable)
(in thousands)	Amount			% of Net Revenues			Amount			% of Net Revenues			$			%
Net revenues:
Learning A-Z	$	15,728			46.7	%	$	12,935			41.1	%	$	2,793			21.6	%
Voyager Sopris Learning		12,336			36.6	%		13,746			43.7	%		(1,410	)		(10.3	)%
ExploreLearning		5,610			16.7	%		4,790			15.2	%		820			17.1	%
Total net revenues		33,674			100.0	%		31,471			100.0	%		2,203			7.0	%
Cost of revenues:
Learning A-Z		635			1.9	%		466			1.5	%		(169	)		(36.3	)%
Voyager Sopris Learning		5,359			15.9	%		5,742			18.2	%		383			6.7	%
ExploreLearning		1,013			3.0	%		678			2.2	%		(335	)		(49.4	)%
Amortization expense		3,650			10.8	%		4,003			12.7	%		353			8.8	%
Total cost of revenues		10,657			31.6	%		10,889			34.6	%		232			2.1	%
Research and development expense		3,120			9.3	%		2,477			7.9	%		(643	)		(26.0	)%
Sales and marketing expense		12,311			36.6	%		10,644			33.8	%		(1,667	)		(15.7	)%
General and administrative expense		5,002			14.9	%		5,215			16.6	%		213			4.1	%
Shipping and handling costs		159			0.5	%		174			0.6	%		15			8.6	%
Depreciation and amortization expense		841			2.5	%		993			3.2	%		152			15.3	%
Income before interest, other income    (expense) and income taxes		1,584			4.7	%		1,079			3.4	%		505			(46.8	)%
Net interest expense		(1,764	)		(5.2	)%		(3,674	)		(11.7	)%		1,910			52.0	%
Other income, net		—			0.0	%		215			0.7	%		(215	)		(100.0	)%
Income tax benefit (expense)		78			0.2	%		(118	)		(0.4	)%		196			166.1	%
Net loss	$	(102	)		(0.3	)%	$	(2,498	)		(7.9	)%	$	2,396			95.9	%

Net revenues

Net revenues increased during the three months ended March 31, 2016 by 7.0% to $33.7 million, compared to $31.5 million during the same period of 2015.  Increased net revenues in Learning A-Z and ExploreLearning offset lower net revenues in Voyager Sopris Learning.  Net revenues by segment were as follows:

· Learning A-Z’s net revenues increased $2.8 million, or 21.6%, to $15.7 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015.  Although Bookings declined slightly in the quarter, GAAP net revenues include a significant amount of recognition generated from prior period Bookings.

· Voyager Sopris Learning’s net revenues decreased $1.4 million, or 10.3%, to $12.3 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015.  The year-over-year decline in revenues is the result of Voyager Sopris Learning’s Bookings decline.  

· ExploreLearning’s net revenues increased $0.8 million, or 17.1%, to $5.6 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015.  The increase in net revenues is a lower percentage than the increase in Bookings due to the deferral of current period Bookings, which are recognized pro-rata over the applicable subscription periods.  

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues primarily include print and royalty costs, and expenses to purchase, handle and warehouse product, and to provide services and support to customers.  Cost of revenues, excluding amortization, increased $0.1 million, or 1.8%, to $7.0 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to $6.9 million in the same period of 2015.  Cost of revenues by segment were as follows:

· Learning A-Z’s cost of revenues was relatively consistent year-over-year, increasing by $0.2 million, commensurate with higher net revenues, to $0.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015.

· Voyager Sopris Learning’s cost of revenues decreased $0.4 million, or 6.7%, to $5.4 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period of 2015.  The decrease in cost of revenues was commensurate with the year-over-year decline in revenue.  

· ExploreLearning’s cost of revenues increased by $0.3 million, commensurate with higher net revenues, to $1.0 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2016.  

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Amortization expense

Amortization expense in cost of revenues includes amortization for acquired pre-publication costs and technology, acquired publishing rights, and developed pre-publication and technology product development.  Amortization was $3.7 million in the first quarter of 2016, $0.4 million lower than 2015. The change was due to a decrease in amortization of acquired publishing rights and curriculum.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense includes costs to research, evaluate and develop educational products, net of capitalization.  Research and development expense for the first quarter of 2016 increased $0.6 million to $3.1 million compared to $2.5 million for the first quarter of 2015.  The increase is due to planned investments to support growth initiatives, especially at Learning A-Z.

Sales and marketing expense

Sales and marketing expense includes all costs to maintain our various sales channels, including the salaries and commissions paid to our sales force, and costs related to our advertising and marketing efforts.  Sales and marketing expense for the first quarter of 2016 increased $1.7 million to $12.3 million compared to $10.6 million for the first quarter of 2015.  The increase is due to planned investments to support growth initiatives, especially at Learning A-Z.  

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expenses were slightly lower, decreasing by $0.2 million in the first quarter of 2016 to $5.0 million compared to $5.2 million for the first quarter of 2015, attributable to the timing of expenses.  

Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 remained consistent at $0.2 million compared to the first quarter of 2015.  Shipping and handling costs were 0.5% of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2016, in-line with the 0.6% of net revenues for the same period of 2015.  

Net interest expense

Net interest expense decreased by $1.9 million, or 52.0%, to $1.8 million in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 as a result of the debt refinancing completed in December 2015.

Other income, net

The Company had no Other income, net during the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2015.  The decrease was due to the Company terminating a sublease agreement in October 2015.

Income tax expense

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million for the first quarter of 2016 and income tax expense of $0.1 million during the first quarter of 2015.  We continue to maintain a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, which eliminates any non-current tax benefit generated.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash balances, cash flow from operations and the Revolving Credit Facility that we entered into in December 2015, as described below.  Sales seasonality attributable to the buying cycle of school districts, which generally starts at the beginning of each new school year in the fall, affects our operating cash flow.  As a result of this inherent seasonality, we normally incur a net cash deficit from all of our activities in the first and second quarters of the year and we normally generate cash in the third and fourth quarters of the year.  We expect borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility to vary according to this seasonality.  At March 31, 2016, our cash balances were $4.9 million, our borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility were $10.5 million, and we have $19.5 million of availability under the Revolving Credit Facility.

We believe that based on current and anticipated levels of operating performance and cash flow from operations, combined with our existing cash balances and availability under the Revolving Credit Facility, we will be able to make required principal and interest payments on our debt and fund our working capital, operational and capital expenditure requirements for the next 12 months.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On December 10, 2015, we entered into a $135.0 million Senior Secured Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) which provides for a loan A in an initial amount of $70.0 million (“Term Loan A”), a term loan B in an initial amount of $35.0 million

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(“Term Loan B”), and a $30.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) (together, the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”), secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets.  The Senior Secured Credit Facility matures on December 10, 2020.

Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility bear interest equal to either a Base Rate, as defined in the Credit Agreement, or LIBOR (subject to a 1.0% floor), at our option, plus an applicable margin.   The applicable margin for the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility ranges between 2.75% and 3.50% for Base Rate loans and 3.75% and 4.50% for LIBOR loans.  The applicable margin for the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is based on a leverage calculation; however, the highest level of margin is applicable until the Company completes its second quarter 2016 leverage calculation.  The applicable margin for the Term Loan B is 4.25% for Base Rate loans and 5.25% for LIBOR loans.  From the inception of the Senior Secured Credit Facility to the end of the first quarter 2016, an interest rate of 5.5% applied to the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility and an interest rate of 6.25% applied to the Term Loan B.  Additionally, unused borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to a commitment fee of 0.5%.  Interest is payable quarterly in arrears, or earlier for loans with shorter interest periods.

The Credit Agreement contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants customary for financings of this type, including, among other things, limits on the creation of liens, limits on the incurrence indebtedness, restrictions on investments and dispositions, and limitations on fundamental changes.  A maximum consolidated net leverage ratio and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio are effective beginning in the first quarter of 2016.  Upon an event of default, and after any applicable cure period, the Administrative Agent could elect to accelerate the maturity of the loan. Events of default include customary items, such as failure to pay principal and interest in a timely manner and breach of covenants.  At March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Senior Secured Credit Facility.

Summary of Cash flows

Cash provided by (used in) our operating, investing and financing activities is summarized below:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Operating activities	$	(8,333	)	$	(9,584	)
Investing activities		(4,990	)		(4,783	)
Financing activities		9,578			(245	)

Operating activities.  Cash used in operating activities was $8.3 million and $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  In the first quarter of 2016, cash interest payments were $1.6 million, and during the first quarter of 2015, at which time we made a semi-annual interest payment under our previously outstanding 9.75% senior secured notes due 2017, cash interest payments were $6.8 million.  The $5.3 million favorable impact of the lower cash interest payments was partially offset by lower operational cash flow resulting from the lower Bookings and higher costs and expenses due to planned investments in the first quarter 2016 versus first quarter 2015.

Investing activities.  Cash used in investing activities was $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $4.8 million during the same period of 2015.  Capital expenditures were $0.2 million higher in the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015.

Financing activities.  Cash provided by financing activities was $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to cash used in financing activities of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.  Cash inflows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included net borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility of $10.5 million.  Financing outflows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included principal payments of the Senior Secured Credit Facility of $1.0 million.  

Non-GAAP Measures

The Company uses the following non-GAAP financial measures to monitor and evaluate the operating performance of the Company and as a basis to set and measure progress towards performance targets, which directly affect compensation for employees and executives:  Bookings, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Cash Income.

· Bookings measure the total dollar value of customer orders in a period, regardless of the timing of the related revenue recognition, and is a leading indicator of revenue.

· EBITDA is earnings (loss) from operations before interest, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization.

· Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA excluding non-operational and non-cash items.  Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include stock-based compensation, merger, acquisition and disposition activities, and certain impairment charges.

· Cash Income reduces Adjusted EBITDA for capital expenditures and removes the timing differences for recognition of deferred revenues and related deferred costs.  

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Bookings, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Cash Income are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from similarly named, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.  Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.  We believe that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors because they reflect the underlying performance of the ongoing operations of the Company and provide investors with a view of the Company’s operations from management’s perspective.  Net loss reported on a GAAP basis includes material non-operational and non-cash items while Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Income remove significant purchase accounting, non-operational or certain non-cash items from earnings.  We generally use these non-GAAP measures as measures of operating performance and not as measures of liquidity.  Our presentation of Bookings, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Cash Income should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by unusual, non-operational or non-cash items.

Below are reconciliations of Bookings to Net Revenues and of Net Loss to Cash Income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

Reconciliation of Bookings to Net Revenues

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Bookings	$	21,318		$	22,146
Change in deferred revenues		13,786			9,448
Other (a)		(1,430	)		(123	)
Net revenues	$	33,674		$	31,471

Reconciliation of Net Loss to Cash Income

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(102	)	$	(2,498	)
Reconciling items between net loss and EBITDA:
Depreciation and amortization expense		4,491			4,996
Net interest expense		1,764			3,674
Income tax (benefit) expense		(78	)		118
Income from operations before interest, income     taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)		6,075			6,290
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in     EBITDA but excluded from Adjusted EBITDA:
Other income, net		—			(215	)
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities (b)		154			181
Stock-based compensation and expense (c)		208			135
Adjusted EBITDA		6,437			6,391
Change in deferred revenues		(13,786	)		(9,448	)
Change in deferred costs		1,538			568
Capital expenditures		(4,990	)		(4,783	)
Cash income	$	(10,801	)	$	(7,272	)

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Reconciliation of Bookings to Net Revenues by Segment – 2016

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z			Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning		Consolidated
Bookings	$	8,166		$	10,553		$	2,599	$	21,318
Change in deferred revenues		7,650			3,133			3,003		13,786
Other (a)		(88	)		(1,350	)		8		(1,430	)
Net revenues	$	15,728		$	12,336		$	5,610	$	33,674

Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Cash Income by Segment - 2016

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z			Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning			Other			Consolidated
Net income (loss)	$	7,925		$	(49	)	$	1,825		$	(9,803	)	$	(102	)
Reconciling items between net income and EBITDA:
Depreciation and amortization expense		—			—			—			4,491			4,491
Net interest expense		—			—			—			1,764			1,764
Income tax benefit		—			—			—			(78	)		(78	)
Income from operations before interest, income     taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)		7,925			(49	)		1,825			(3,626	)		6,075
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in    EBITDA but excluded from    Adjusted EBITDA:
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities (b)		—			—			—			154			154
Stock-based compensation and expense (c)		53			67			28			60			208
Adjusted EBITDA		7,978			18			1,853			(3,412	)		6,437
Change in deferred revenues		(7,650	)		(3,133	)		(3,003	)		—			(13,786	)
Change in deferred costs		853			419			266			—			1,538
Adjusted EBITDA excluding effect of deferred     revenues and deferred costs		1,181			(2,696	)		(884	)		(3,412	)		(5,811	)
Capital expenditures − pre-publication costs		(1,254	)		(655	)		(147	)		—			(2,056	)
Capital expenditures − software development costs		(604	)		(1,357	)		(396	)		—			(2,357	)
Capital expenditures − general expenditures		(237	)		(147	)		(67	)		(126	)		(577	)
Cash income	$	(914	)	$	(4,855	)	$	(1,494	)	$	(3,538	)	$	(10,801	)

Reconciliation of Bookings to Net Revenues by Segment - 2015

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z			Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning		Consolidated
Bookings	$	8,427		$	12,138		$	1,581	$	22,146
Change in deferred revenues		4,509			1,736			3,203		9,448
Other (a)		(1	)		(128	)		6		(123	)
Net revenues	$	12,935		$	13,746		$	4,790	$	31,471

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Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Cash Income by Segment - 2015

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z			Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning			Other			Consolidated
Net income (loss)	$	6,873		$	1,356		$	1,515		$	(12,242	)	$	(2,498	)
Reconciling items between net income (loss) and EBITDA:
Depreciation and amortization expense		—			—			—			4,996			4,996
Net interest expense		—			—			—			3,674			3,674
Income tax expense		—			—			—			118			118
Income from operations before interest, income     taxes, and depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)		6,873			1,356			1,515			(3,454	)		6,290
Non-operational or non-cash costs included in    EBITDA but excluded from    Adjusted EBITDA:
Other income, net		—			—			—			(215	)		(215	)
Merger, acquisition and disposition activities (b)		—			—			—			181			181
Stock-based compensation and expense (c)		36			41			16			42			135
Adjusted EBITDA		6,909			1,397			1,531			(3,446	)		6,391
Change in deferred revenues		(4,509	)		(1,736	)		(3,203	)		—			(9,448	)
Change in deferred costs		351			(90	)		307			—			568
Adjusted EBITDA excluding effect of deferred revenues and    deferred costs		2,751			(429	)		(1,365	)		(3,446	)		(2,489	)
Capital expenditures − pre-publication costs		(1,111	)		(799	)		(112	)		—			(2,022	)
Capital expenditures − software development costs		(433	)		(1,382	)		(406	)		—			(2,221	)
Capital expenditures − general expenditures		(268	)		(104	)		(96	)		(72	)		(540	)
Cash income	$	939		$	(2,714	)	$	(1,979	)	$	(3,518	)	$	(7,272	)

Footnotes

(a) Other comprises timing differences between the invoicing of a transaction, which generates Bookings, and its recognition as either net revenues or deferred revenue.  The most common reasons for these timing differences include product that is shipped from our warehouse and invoiced but not recognized as revenues until physical delivery due to shipping terms, adjustments to the allowance for estimated sales returns, and revenue under contract that is earned and recognized in one period but invoiced in a subsequent period.  Bookings for the first quarter of 2016 includes an order totaling $1.2 million from a single customer that was received in late March and did not qualify for recognition as revenue or deferred revenue as it was not physically delivered and was subject to FOB destination shipping terms.  The delivery for the order was completed in April 2016.

(b) Costs are related to merger and acquisition activities including due diligence and other non-operational charges such as pension and severance costs for former employees.

(c) Stock-based compensation and expense is related to our outstanding options and restricted stock awards.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2016 that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial conditions, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

This item is not required for a smaller reporting company.

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Critical Accounting Policies

In the ordinary course of business, we make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of results of operations and financial position in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP.  Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.  We included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 a discussion of our critical accounting policies that are particularly important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations and that require the use of our management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

 We have made no material changes to any of the critical accounting policies discussed in our 2015 Form 10-K through March 31, 2016.

Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02).  The guidance in ASU 2016-02 requires entities to record the assets and liabilities created by leases greater than one year.  This ASU is effective for interim periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In March 2016, the FASB issued 2016-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09).  The guidance simplifies certain aspects of accounting for stock based accounting.  ASU 2016-09 is effective for interim periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (ASU 2015-11).   ASU 2015-11 requires an entity to measure inventory within the scope of the update at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO or the retail inventory method. This ASU is effective for interim periods and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software:  Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement (ASU 2015-05).  ASU 2015-05 provides guidance to assist an entity in evaluating the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement.  Specifically, this ASU provides guidance to customers related to whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license.  If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the ASU requires a customer to account for the software license element of the arrangement in a manner consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses.  Where an arrangement does not include a software license, the ASU requires a customer to account for the arrangement as a service contract.  The amendments in this ASU apply only to internal-use software that a customer obtains access to in a hosting arrangement when specific criteria are met.  ASU 2015-05 is effective for interim and annual financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  We adopted ASU 2015-05 in the first quarter of 2016 with no material impact to our financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP.  The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services.  The new revenue guidance defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP.  ASU 2014-09 allows for either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures).  The original effective date was for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  On July 9, 2015, the FASB elected to defer the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard by one year, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  Early adoption is permitted, but only as early as the original effective date of ASU 2014-09.  We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements and have not yet determined the method by which we will adopt the standard.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

This item is not required for a smaller reporting company.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management of the Company, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report.  The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis and that such information is communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and its Board of Directors to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2016.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings incidental to its business.  Management believes that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s consolidated operations or financial condition and the Company has recognized appropriate liabilities as necessary based on facts and circumstances known to management.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A.  Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as such factors could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, or future results.  In the three months ended March 31, 2016, there were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K.  The risks described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks the Company faces.  Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company, or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial, also may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report.

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.ins	XBRL Instance Document.
101.def	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.sch	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.cal	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.lab	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.pre	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Furnished herewith.

27

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned duly authorized officer of the registrant.

	CAMBIUM LEARNING GROUP, INC.
Date: May 4, 2016	/s/ Barbara Benson
	Barbara Benson,
	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.ins	XBRL Instance Document.
101.def	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.sch	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.cal	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.lab	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.pre	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* Furnished herewith.

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

I, John Campbell, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cambium Learning Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2016

/s/ John Campbell

John Campbell,

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

I, Barbara Benson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cambium Learning Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this quarterly report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2016

/s/ Barbara Benson

Barbara Benson,

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cambium Learning Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned Chief Executive Officer of the Company hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on his knowledge: 1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and 2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the periods covered in the Report.

/s/ John Campbell

John Campbell,

Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 4, 2016

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Cambium Learning Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned  Chief Financial Officer of the Company hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on her knowledge: 1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and 2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the periods covered in the Report.

/s/ Barbara Benson

Barbara Benson,

Chief Financial Officer

Date: May 4, 2016

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Apr. 29, 2016
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Cambium Learning Group, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001466815
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2016
Trading Symbol	ABCD
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		45,760,702

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 33,674	$ 31,471
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	7,007	6,886
Amortization expense	3,650	4,003
Total cost of revenues	10,657	10,889
Research and development expense	3,120	2,477
Sales and marketing expense	12,311	10,644
General and administrative expense	5,002	5,215
Shipping and handling costs	159	174
Depreciation and amortization expense	841	993
Total costs and expenses	32,090	30,392
Income before interest, other income (expense) and income taxes	1,584	1,079
Net interest expense	(1,764)	(3,674)
Other income, net		215
Loss before income taxes	(180)	(2,380)
Income tax benefit (expense)	78	(118)
Net loss	(102)	(2,498)
Other comprehensive loss:
Amortization of net pension loss	37	56
Comprehensive loss	$ (65)	$ (2,442)
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ 0.00	$ (0.05)
Diluted	$ 0.00	$ (0.05)
Average number of common shares and equivalents outstanding:
Basic	45,739	45,479
Diluted	45,739	45,479

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,900	$ 8,645
Accounts receivable, net	9,574	14,640
Inventory	4,436	4,694
Restricted assets, current	1,254	1,265
Other current assets	9,383	9,981
Total current assets	29,547	39,225
Property, equipment and software at cost	58,182	55,824
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(34,737)	(33,284)
Property, equipment and software, net	23,445	22,540
Goodwill	47,842	47,842
Acquired curriculum and technology intangibles, net	2,351	2,731
Acquired publishing rights, net	1,240	1,459
Other intangible assets, net	2,952	3,231
Pre-publication costs, net	16,913	16,441
Restricted assets, less current portion	2,814	3,099
Other assets	4,695	4,817
Total assets	131,799	141,385
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,166	1,993
Accrued expenses	8,871	14,224
Revolving credit facility	10,500
Current portion of long-term debt	4,725	3,850
Deferred revenue, current	61,582	74,107
Total current liabilities	87,844	94,174
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt	96,269	97,872
Deferred revenue, less current portion	10,220	11,481
Other liabilities	11,451	12,027
Total long-term liabilities	$ 117,940	$ 121,380
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock ($.001 par value, 15,000 shares authorized, zero shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015)	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock ($.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized, 52,293 and 52,268 shares issued, and 45,761 and 45,736 shares outstanding at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively)	52	52
Capital surplus	285,555	285,306
Accumulated deficit	(344,077)	(343,975)
Treasury stock at cost (6,532 shares at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015)	(12,784)	(12,784)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Pension and postretirement plans	(2,731)	(2,768)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,731)	(2,768)
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	(73,985)	(74,169)
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)	$ 131,799	$ 141,385

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	52,293,000	52,268,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	45,761,000	45,736,000
Treasury stock, shares	6,532,000	6,532,000

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Statement Of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (102)	$ (2,498)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	4,491	4,996
Amortization of note discount and deferred financing costs	280	304
Stock-based compensation and expense	208	135
Other		1
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	5,066	2,301
Inventory	258	(188)
Other current assets	598	(635)
Other assets	77	(257)
Restricted assets	296	306
Accounts payable	173	1,384
Accrued expenses	(5,353)	(5,808)
Deferred revenue	(13,786)	(9,448)
Other long-term liabilities	(539)	(177)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,333)	(9,584)
Investing activities:
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and pre-publication costs	(4,990)	(4,783)
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,990)	(4,783)
Financing activities:
Principal payments under capital lease obligations		(264)
Repayment of debt	(963)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility	11,000
Payment of revolving credit facility	(500)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	41	19
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	9,578	(245)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(3,745)	(14,612)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	8,645	34,387
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 4,900	$ 19,775

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cambium Learning Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) and are unaudited.  The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 has been derived from audited financial statements.  All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

As permitted under the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for interim reporting, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been omitted.  The Company believes that these financial statements include all necessary and recurring adjustments for the fair presentation of the interim period results.  These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.  Due to seasonality, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2016.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Subsequent actual results may differ from those estimates.

Nature of Operations

The Company is a leading educational solutions and services company that is committed to helping all students reach their full potential.  The Company’s brands include:  Learning A–Z,Voyager Sopris Learning, ExploreLearning, and Kurzweil Education.  Together, these brands provide breakthrough technology solutions for online learning and professional support; best-in-class intervention and supplemental instructional materials; gold-standard professional development and school-improvement services; valid and reliable assessments; and proven materials to support a positive and safe school environment.  

These brands comprise three reportable segments with separate management teams and infrastructures that offer various products and services.  See Note 14 – Segment Reporting for further information on the Company’s segment reporting structure.  

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Accounts Receivable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable

Note 2 — Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts and estimated sales returns.  The allowance for doubtful accounts and estimated sales returns totaled $0.2 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.  The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a review of outstanding balances and historical collection experience.  The reserve for sales returns is based on historical rates of return as well as other factors that in the Company’s judgment, could reasonably be expected to cause sales returns to differ from historical experience.

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Stock-Based Compensation and Expense

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation and Expense

Note 3 — Stock-Based Compensation and Expense

Cambium Learning Group, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2009, the Company adopted the Cambium Learning Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”).  Under the Incentive Plan, 5,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance of awards which may be granted in the form of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, conversion stock options, conversion stock appreciation rights, and other stock or cash awards.  The Incentive Plan is administered by the board of directors which has the authority to establish the terms and conditions of awards granted under the Incentive Plan.

Stock-Based Compensation and Expense

The following table presents our stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options that are recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015
Cost of revenues	$	15	$	8
Research and development expense		41		28
Sales and marketing expense		48		33
General and administrative expense		104		66
Total	$	208	$	135

2016 Grants

In the first quarter 2016, the Company granted 290,000 options under the Incentive Plan with an exercise price of $4.50.  The options vest in equal monthly installments on the last day of the month over a four year period, with an initial vesting date of March 31, 2016.

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Net Loss per Common Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss per Common Share

Note 4 — Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including potential dilutive shares of common stock assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards using the treasury stock method.  Weighted-average shares from common share equivalents in the amount of 2,885,243 for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 2,612,281 for the three months ended March 31, 2015, respectively, were excluded from the respective dilutive shares outstanding because their effect was anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2016			2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(102	)	$	(2,498	)
Denominator:
Basic:
Weighted-average common shares used in computing basic net loss per share		45,739			45,479
Diluted:
Add weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock awards		—			—
Weighted-average common shares used in computing diluted net loss per share		45,739			45,479
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)
Diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 5 — Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability (exit price), in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  Valuation techniques are based on observable or unobservable inputs.  Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.  These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

· Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

· Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which significant value drivers are observable.

· Level 3 — Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which significant value drivers are unobservable.

Applicable guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

At March 31, 2016, financial instruments include $4.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, restricted assets of $4.1 million, collateral investments of $1.8 million, $10.5 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, and Senior Secured Credit Facility term loans, net of discount and deferred financing costs, of $101.0 million.  At December 31, 2015, financial instruments include $8.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, restricted assets of $4.4 million, collateral investments of $1.8 million, and Senior Secured Credit Facility term loans, net of discount and deferred financing costs, of $101.7 million.  The fair market values of cash equivalents, restricted assets, and collateral investments are equal to their carrying value, as these investments are recorded based on quoted market prices and/or other market data for the same or comparable instruments and transactions as of the end of the reporting period.  See Note 13 – Long-Term Debt for additional information regarding the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility and term loans.

 At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value of the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Facility term loans and Revolving Credit Facility approximates the fair value, as the borrowings are tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and are market sensitive.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	March 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	4,068	$	4,068	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		905		905		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		879		879		—		—

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	4,364	$	4,364	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		905		905		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		878		878		—		—

(in thousands)	Total Gains (Losses) for the Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	2016		2015
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		—		—

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are listed below at their carrying values as of each reporting date:

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	March 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Goodwill	$	47,842	$	—	$	—	$	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net		23,445		—		—		23,445
Pre-publication costs, net		16,913		—		—		16,913
Acquired curriculum and technology      intangibles, net		2,351		—		—		2,351
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,240		—		—		1,240
Other intangible assets, net		2,952		—		—		2,952

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Goodwill	$	47,842	$	—	$	—	$	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net		22,540		—		—		22,540
Pre-publication costs, net		16,441		—		—		16,441
Acquired curriculum and technology      intangibles, net		2,731		—		—		2,731
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,459		—		—		1,459
Other intangible assets, net		3,231		—		—		3,231

(in thousands)	Total Gains (Losses) for the Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	2016		2015
Goodwill	$	—	$	—
Property, equipment and software, net		—		—
Pre-publication costs, net		—		—
Acquired curriculum and technology intangibles, net		—		—
Acquired publishing rights, net		—		—
Other intangible assets, net		—		—

There were no significant remeasurements of these assets during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015.

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Other Current Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Deferred Costs Capitalized Prepaid And Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Assets

Note 6 — Other Current Assets

Other current assets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Deferred costs	$	7,144	$	8,514
Prepaid expenses		2,139		1,367
Other		100		100
Other current assets	$	9,383	$	9,981

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Other Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Other Assets [Abstract]

Other Assets

Note 7 — Other Assets

Other assets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Collateral investments	$	1,784	$	1,783
Deferred costs, less current portion		1,311		1,479
Deferred financing costs - revolving credit facility		846		892
Other		754		663
Other assets	$	4,695	$	4,817

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs relate to costs incurred with the issuance of the Senior Secured Credit Agreement.  See Note 13 – Long-Term Debt.  

Collateral Investments

The Company maintains certificates of deposit to collateralize its outstanding letters of credit associated with credit collections and workers’ compensation activity.  At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $0.9 million in certificates of deposit serving as collateral for its outstanding letters of credit.

Additionally, the Company maintains a money market fund investment to serve as collateral for a travel card program.  The balance of the money market fund investment was $0.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

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Accrued Expenses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Note 8 — Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Salaries, bonuses and benefits	$	4,420	$	9,383
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans		1,093		1,093
Accrued royalties		740		1,201
Accrued interest		57		—
Other		2,561		2,547
Accrued expenses	$	8,871	$	14,224

Accrued Interest

Accrued interest at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 relates to the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Agreement.  See Note 13 – Long-Term Debt.  

Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

See Note 10 – Pension Plan for additional information regarding the Company’s pension plan.

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Other Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Liabilities

Note 9 — Other Liabilities

Other liabilities at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans, long-term portion	$	9,723	$	9,903
Deferred rent		830		881
Long-term income tax payable		560		896
Long-term deferred compensation		338		347
Other liabilities	$	11,451	$	12,027

Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans

See Note 10 – Pension Plan for additional information regarding the Company’s pension plan.

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Pension Plan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Pension Plan

Note 10 — Pension Plan

The net pension costs of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan were comprised primarily of interest costs and totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.  The net pension costs for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 included the amortization of accumulated net loss of $37 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively. 

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Uncertain Tax Positions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Uncertain Tax Positions

Note 11 — Uncertain Tax Positions

The Company recognizes the financial statement impacts of a tax return position when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, that the position will ultimately be sustained.  For tax positions that meet this recognition threshold, the Company applies judgment, taking into account applicable tax laws, experience managing tax audits and relevant GAAP, to determine the amount of tax benefits to recognize in its financial statements.  For each position, the difference between the benefit realized on the Company’s tax return and the benefit reflected in its financial statements is recorded to Other Liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as an unrecognized tax benefit (“UTB”).  The Company updates its UTBs at each financial statement date to reflect the impacts of audit settlements and other resolution of audit issues, expiration of statutes of limitation, developments in tax law and ongoing discussions with tax authorities.  The balance of UTBs was $6.0 million at March 31, 2016 and $6.2 million at December 31, 2015.

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2016 are approximately $0.6 million of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.  The recognition of the remaining uncertain tax positions would not affect the effective tax rate, but would instead increase or would have increased available tax attributes.  However, the recognition of the tax attribute would be offset by an increase in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting in no net impact in the effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes interest accrued related to its UTBs and penalties as income tax expense.  Related to the UTBs noted above, the Company recognized no penalties and immaterial interest during the three months ended March 31, 2016.  At March 31, 2016, the Company has liabilities of $0.1 million for penalties (gross) and $0.1 million for interest (gross).  During the three months ended March 31, 2016, UTBs were decreased by $0.3 million for effectively settled tax positions.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions.  All U.S. tax years prior to 2008 related to the Voyager Learning Company acquired entities have been audited by the Internal Revenue Service.  Cambium and its subsidiaries have been examined by the Internal Revenue Service through the end of 2006.  The Company has been audited by the various state tax authorities through 2007.  

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 12 — Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings incidental to its business.  Management believes that the outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s consolidated operations or financial condition and the Company has recognized appropriate liabilities as necessary based on facts and circumstances known to management. The Company expenses legal costs related to legal contingencies as incurred.

Purchase Commitments

From time to time, the Company may enter into firm purchase commitments for printed materials included in inventory which the Company expects to use in the ordinary course of business.  These commitments are typically for terms less than one year and require the Company to buy minimum quantities of materials with specific delivery dates at a fixed price over the term. These open purchase commitments totaled $0.5 million as of March 31, 2016.

Letters of Credit

The Company has letters of credit outstanding at March 31, 2016 in the amount of $0.9 million to support credit collections and workers’ compensation activity.  The Company maintains certificates of deposit of $0.9 million as collateral for the letters of credit as well as an additional deposit to support Automated Clearing House processing and credit card collections. The Company also maintains a $0.9 million money market fund investment as collateral for a travel card program. The certificates of deposit and money market fund investment are included in Collateral Investments in Note 7 — Other Assets.  

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Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Note 13 — Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Senior secured credit facility term loans maturing December 10, 2020	$	104,037		$	105,000
Less: Unamortized discount		(1,725	)		(1,856	)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs		(1,318	)		(1,422	)
Total debt		100,994			101,722
Less: current portion of long-term debt		4,725			3,850
Long-term debt	$	96,269		$	97,872

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On December 10, 2015, Cambium Learning, Inc. (the “Borrower”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cambium Learning Group, Inc., entered into a $135.0 million Senior Secured Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Borrower, the Company,  Webster Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and a Lender, and the other Lenders party thereto, with Webster Bank, N.A., as Joint Lead Arranger, the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland, as a Joint Lead Arranger and Syndication Agent, and Capital One National Association, and Babson Capital Finance, LLC, as Co-Documentation Agents (the “Senior Secured Credit Facility”).  The Senior Secured Credit Facility consists of a term loan A in an initial amount of $70.0 million (“Term Loan A”), a term loan B in an initial amount of $35.0 million (“Term Loan B”) and a $30.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), secured by a lien on substantially all assets and capital stock of the Company, the Borrower and the Borrower’s subsidiaries (collectively, the “Loan Parties”).  The Senior Secured Credit Facility matures on December 10, 2020.

Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facility bear interest equal to either a Base Rate, as defined in the Credit Agreement, or the LIBOR rate (subject to a 1.0% floor), at the Borrower’s option, plus an applicable margin.   The applicable margin for the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility ranges between 2.75% and 3.50% for Base Rate loans and 3.75% and 4.50% for LIBOR loans.  The applicable margin for the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility is based on a leverage calculation; however, the highest level of margin is applicable until the Company completes its second quarter 2016 leverage calculation.  The applicable margin for the Term Loan B is 4.25% for Base Rate loans and 5.25% for LIBOR loans.  From the inception of the Senior Secured Credit Facility to the end of the first quarter 2016, an interest rate of 5.5% applied to the Term Loan A and Revolving Credit Facility and an interest rate of 6.25% applied to the Term Loan B.  Additionally, unused borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility is subject to a commitment fee of 0.5%.  Interest is payable quarterly in arrears, or earlier for loans with shorter interest periods.

The Credit Agreement contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants customary for financings of this type, including, among other things, limits on the creation of liens, limits on the incurrence indebtedness, restrictions on investments and dispositions, limitations on fundamental changes to the Loan Parties, a maximum consolidated net leverage ratio, and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Upon an event of default, and after any applicable cure period, the Administrative Agent can accelerate the maturity of the loan. Events of default include customary items, such as failure to pay principal and interest in a timely manner and breach of covenants.  At March 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Credit Facility.  

The principal balances of the Senior Secured Credit Facility were issued at a discount, representing fees paid to lenders, which are amortized over the life of the debt using the effective interest rate method.  Unamortized discount at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

The Company incurred debt issuance costs associated with the Senior Secured Credit Facility, which were deferred and are amortized over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method.  Unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Term Loan A and Term Loan B totaled $1.3 million and $1.4 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and are presented as a reduction to Long-term Debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $0.8 million and $0.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and are classified as Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

At March 31, 2016, the Company had outstanding principal balances of $69.1 million of Term Loan A, $34.9 million of Term Loan B, and $10.5 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, and had $19.5 million borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility.

In February 2016, the Company paid $0.1 million to enter into interest rate cap agreements for approximately half of its outstanding Term Loan A and Term Loan B loans, less required amortization, for a three year period.  Under the interest rate cap agreements, the Company will receive payments for any period that the three-month LIBOR rate exceeds 2.5%.

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Note 14 — Segment Reporting

The Company operates in three reportable segments with separate management teams and infrastructures that offer various products and services.

Learning A-Z Segment

Learning A-Z is a PreK-6 education technology provider of digitally delivered resources and tools that support instruction and student growth in reading, writing, and science.  Founded in 2002, Learning A-Z believes that an enlightened approach to literacy —which starts with reading and writing, but also includes the development of key 21st century skills like communication, creativity, collaboration, and critical-thinking — is the foundation to all learning. With a robust library of incredibly effective and flexible curriculum resources, Learning A-Z provides the tools teachers need to deliver personalized instruction for a wide range of student needs, including English language learners, intervention, special education, and daily instruction. Learning A-Z’s resources are currently used in more than half the districts across the United States and Canada and in over 180 countries worldwide.  Learning A-Z is committed to:

· Delivering unmatched value, whereby high-quality resources are affordable for every individual classroom

· Making personalized learning easier, giving teachers what they need to deliver the just-right instructional resources to every student

· Empowering teachers as the foundation of student achievement, ensuring that teachers are given the support they need to be effective and efficient

Learning A-Z operates seven subscription-based websites: Reading A-Z™, Raz-Kids^®, Headsprout^®, Science A-Z^®, Writing A-Z™, Vocabulary A-Z™, and ReadyTest A-Z™.  These websites can be purchased stand-alone or in collections, for a comprehensive solution that provides online supplemental books, lessons, assessments and other instructional resources for individual classrooms, schools, and districts.

Voyager Sopris Learning Segment

The Voyager Sopris Learning segment includes the Company’s Voyager Sopris Learning and Kurzweil Education brands.

Voyager Sopris Learning Brand

The Voyager Sopris Learning brand is committed to partnering with school districts to meet and surpass their goals for student achievement.  The Voyager Sopris Learning suite of instructional and service solutions is not only research based, but also evidence based — proven to increase student achievement and educator effectiveness.  Voyager Sopris Learning’s solutions have been fully tested in the classroom, ensuring that they are easy to implement and teacher friendly.  They are innovative, both in overall instructional approach and in the strategic use of technology in blended and 100% online solutions and are supported by an unparalleled commitment to build local capacity for sustained success.  With a comprehensive suite of instructional resources, the Voyager Sopris Learning brand provides assessments, professional development and school improvement services, literacy and math instructional tools — both comprehensive intervention and supplemental — and resources to build a positive school climate.  

Kurzweil Education Brand

The Kurzweil Education™ brand delivers educational technology that solves real problems.  The Kurzweil Education literacy and learning solutions offer learners a way up and a path forward.  Students’ varying needs, their challenges, and their potential to achieve drive Kurzweil Education, which continues to develop literacy-boosting solutions that directly enhance opportunities to learn and achieve. Using the principles of Universal Design for Learning, Kurzweil’s solutions deliver content and tools that enable all learners to read, understand, and demonstrate their learning using technology-based tools.

ExploreLearning Segment

ExploreLearning develops online solutions to improve student learning in math and science.  ExploreLearning has two products: Gizmos, which the Company believes is the world’s best library of interactive, online simulations for math and science in grades 3-12; and Reflex, a powerful solution for math fact fluency development for grades 2-8.

Other

Other consists of unallocated shared services, such as accounting, legal, human resources and corporate related items, as well as depreciation and amortization expense, other income and expense, and income taxes.  The Company does not allocate any of these costs to its segments, and the chief operating decision maker evaluates performance of operating segments excluding these items.

The following tables present the net revenues, operating expenses, income (loss) from operations, and capital expenditures which are used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to measure the segments’ operating performance.  The Company does not track assets directly by segment and the chief operating decision maker does not use assets to measure a segment’s operating performance, and therefore this information is not presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z		Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning		Other			Consolidated
Net revenues	$	15,728	$	12,336		$	5,610	$	—		$	33,674
Cost of revenues		635		5,359			1,013		—			7,007
Amortization expense		—		—			—		3,650			3,650
Total cost of revenues		635		5,359			1,013		3,650			10,657
Other operating expenses		7,168		7,026			2,772		3,626			20,592
Depreciation and amortization expense		—		—			—		841			841
Total costs and expenses		7,803		12,385			3,785		8,117			32,090
Income (loss) before interest, other     income (expense) and income taxes		7,925		(49	)		1,825		(8,117	)		1,584
Net interest expense		—		—			—		(1,764	)		(1,764	)
Income tax benefit		—		—			—		78			78
Segment net income (loss)	$	7,925	$	(49	)	$	1,825	$	(9,803	)	$	(102	)
Expenditures for property, equipment,     software and pre-publication costs		2,095	$	2,159			610		126		$	4,990

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z		Voyager Sopris Learning		ExploreLearning		Other			Consolidated
Net revenues	$	12,935	$	13,746	$	4,790	$	—		$	31,471
Cost of revenues		466		5,742		678		—			6,886
Amortization expense		—		—		—		4,003			4,003
Total cost of revenues		466		5,742		678		4,003			10,889
Other operating expenses		5,596		6,648		2,597		3,669			18,510
Depreciation and amortization expense		—		—		—		993			993
Total costs and expenses		6,062		12,390		3,275		8,665			30,392
Income (loss) before interest, other     income (expense) and income taxes		6,873		1,356		1,515		(8,665	)		1,079
Net interest expense		—		—		—		(3,674	)		(3,674	)
Other income, net		—		—		—		215			215
Income tax expense		—		—		—		(118	)		(118	)
Segment net income (loss)	$	6,873	$	1,356	$	1,515	$	(12,242	)	$	(2,498	)
Expenditures for property, equipment,     software and pre-publication costs	$	1,812	$	2,285	$	614	$	72		$	4,783

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Stock-Based Compensation and Expense (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock-based Compensation Expense Resulting From Stock Options

The following table presents our stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options that are recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015
Cost of revenues	$	15	$	8
Research and development expense		41		28
Sales and marketing expense		48		33
General and administrative expense		104		66
Total	$	208	$	135

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Net Loss per Common Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Calculation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2016			2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(102	)	$	(2,498	)
Denominator:
Basic:
Weighted-average common shares used in computing basic net loss per share		45,739			45,479
Diluted:
Add weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock awards		—			—
Weighted-average common shares used in computing diluted net loss per share		45,739			45,479
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)
Diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.05	)

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	March 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	4,068	$	4,068	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		905		905		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		879		879		—		—

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	4,364	$	4,364	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		905		905		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		878		878		—		—

(in thousands)	Total Gains (Losses) for the Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	2016		2015
Restricted Assets:
Money Market	$	—	$	—
Collateral Investments:
Money Market		—		—
Certificates of Deposit		—		—

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are listed below at their carrying values as of each reporting date:

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	March 31, 2016		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Goodwill	$	47,842	$	—	$	—	$	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net		23,445		—		—		23,445
Pre-publication costs, net		16,913		—		—		16,913
Acquired curriculum and technology      intangibles, net		2,351		—		—		2,351
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,240		—		—		1,240
Other intangible assets, net		2,952		—		—		2,952

(in thousands)			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2015		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Goodwill	$	47,842	$	—	$	—	$	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net		22,540		—		—		22,540
Pre-publication costs, net		16,441		—		—		16,441
Acquired curriculum and technology      intangibles, net		2,731		—		—		2,731
Acquired publishing rights, net		1,459		—		—		1,459
Other intangible assets, net		3,231		—		—		3,231

(in thousands)	Total Gains (Losses) for the Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	2016		2015
Goodwill	$	—	$	—
Property, equipment and software, net		—		—
Pre-publication costs, net		—		—
Acquired curriculum and technology intangibles, net		—		—
Acquired publishing rights, net		—		—
Other intangible assets, net		—		—

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Other Current Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Deferred Costs Capitalized Prepaid And Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Current Assets

Other current assets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Deferred costs	$	7,144	$	8,514
Prepaid expenses		2,139		1,367
Other		100		100
Other current assets	$	9,383	$	9,981

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Other Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Other Assets [Abstract]

Other Assets

Other assets at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Collateral investments	$	1,784	$	1,783
Deferred costs, less current portion		1,311		1,479
Deferred financing costs - revolving credit facility		846		892
Other		754		663
Other assets	$	4,695	$	4,817

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Payables And Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Salaries, bonuses and benefits	$	4,420	$	9,383
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans		1,093		1,093
Accrued royalties		740		1,201
Accrued interest		57		—
Other		2,561		2,547
Accrued expenses	$	8,871	$	14,224

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Other Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans, long-term portion	$	9,723	$	9,903
Deferred rent		830		881
Long-term income tax payable		560		896
Long-term deferred compensation		338		347
Other liabilities	$	11,451	$	12,027

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015
Senior secured credit facility term loans maturing December 10, 2020	$	104,037		$	105,000
Less: Unamortized discount		(1,725	)		(1,856	)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs		(1,318	)		(1,422	)
Total debt		100,994			101,722
Less: current portion of long-term debt		4,725			3,850
Long-term debt	$	96,269		$	97,872

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2016

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Revenue, Operating Expenses and Income (Loss) from Operations

The following tables present the net revenues, operating expenses, income (loss) from operations, and capital expenditures which are used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to measure the segments’ operating performance.  The Company does not track assets directly by segment and the chief operating decision maker does not use assets to measure a segment’s operating performance, and therefore this information is not presented.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z		Voyager Sopris Learning			ExploreLearning		Other			Consolidated
Net revenues	$	15,728	$	12,336		$	5,610	$	—		$	33,674
Cost of revenues		635		5,359			1,013		—			7,007
Amortization expense		—		—			—		3,650			3,650
Total cost of revenues		635		5,359			1,013		3,650			10,657
Other operating expenses		7,168		7,026			2,772		3,626			20,592
Depreciation and amortization expense		—		—			—		841			841
Total costs and expenses		7,803		12,385			3,785		8,117			32,090
Income (loss) before interest, other     income (expense) and income taxes		7,925		(49	)		1,825		(8,117	)		1,584
Net interest expense		—		—			—		(1,764	)		(1,764	)
Income tax benefit		—		—			—		78			78
Segment net income (loss)	$	7,925	$	(49	)	$	1,825	$	(9,803	)	$	(102	)
Expenditures for property, equipment,     software and pre-publication costs		2,095	$	2,159			610		126		$	4,990

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Learning A-Z		Voyager Sopris Learning		ExploreLearning		Other			Consolidated
Net revenues	$	12,935	$	13,746	$	4,790	$	—		$	31,471
Cost of revenues		466		5,742		678		—			6,886
Amortization expense		—		—		—		4,003			4,003
Total cost of revenues		466		5,742		678		4,003			10,889
Other operating expenses		5,596		6,648		2,597		3,669			18,510
Depreciation and amortization expense		—		—		—		993			993
Total costs and expenses		6,062		12,390		3,275		8,665			30,392
Income (loss) before interest, other     income (expense) and income taxes		6,873		1,356		1,515		(8,665	)		1,079
Net interest expense		—		—		—		(3,674	)		(3,674	)
Other income, net		—		—		—		215			215
Income tax expense		—		—		—		(118	)		(118	)
Segment net income (loss)	$	6,873	$	1,356	$	1,515	$	(12,242	)	$	(2,498	)
Expenditures for property, equipment,     software and pre-publication costs	$	1,812	$	2,285	$	614	$	72		$	4,783

XML

Basis of Presentation (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 Segment
Product Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable business segments	3
Technology Education Business 1
Product Information [Line Items]
Company's industry leading brands	Learning A–Z
Technology Education Business 2
Product Information [Line Items]
Company's industry leading brands	ExploreLearning
Technology Education Business 3
Product Information [Line Items]
Company's industry leading brands	Kurzweil Education
Technology Education Business 4
Product Information [Line Items]
Company's industry leading brands	Voyager Sopris Learning

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Accounts Receivable (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Receivables [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts and estimated sales returns	$ 0.2	$ 0.2

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Stock-Based Compensation and Expense (Details Textual) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2009
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, additional shares		5,000,000
Granted, Shares	290,000
Exercise price of options granted	$ 4.50
Employee Stock Option
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based award spread over vesting period	4 years
Stock option initial vesting date	Mar. 31, 2016

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Stock-Based Compensation and Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 208	$ 135
Cost of Revenues
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	15	8
Research and Development Expense
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	41	28
Sales and Marketing Expense
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	48	33
General and Administrative Expense
Employee Service Share Based Compensation Allocation Of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 104	$ 66

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Net Loss per Common Share (Details Textual) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Weighted average common shares excluded from dilutive shares outstanding	2,885,243	2,612,281

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Net Loss per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (102)	$ (2,498)
Basic:
Weighted-average common shares used in computing basic net loss per share	45,739	45,479
Add weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Weighted-average common shares used in computing diluted net loss per share	45,739	45,479
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$ 0.00	$ (0.05)
Diluted	$ 0.00	$ (0.05)

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Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,900	$ 8,645	$ 19,775	$ 34,387
Restricted assets	4,100	4,400
Collateral investments	1,784	1,783
Revolving credit facility	10,500
Long-term debt	100,994	101,722
Senior Secured Credit Facility Term Loans Due December 10, 2020, Net
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Long-term debt	101,000	$ 101,700
Revolving Credit Facility
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility	$ 10,500

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Restricted assets	$ 4,100	$ 4,400
Collateral investments	1,784	1,783
Money Market
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Collateral investments	900	900
Certificates of Deposit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Collateral investments	900	900
Fair value recurring | Money Market
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Restricted assets	4,068	4,364
Collateral investments	905	905
Fair value recurring | Certificates of Deposit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Collateral investments	879	878
Fair value recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Money Market
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Restricted assets	4,068	4,364
Collateral investments	905	905
Fair value recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Certificates of Deposit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Collateral investments	$ 879	$ 878

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Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) - Fair Value Non-recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Goodwill	$ 47,842	$ 47,842
Property, equipment and software, net	23,445	22,540
Pre-publication costs, net	16,913	16,441
Other intangible assets, net	2,952	3,231
Curriculum and Technology
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Acquired intangible assets, net	2,351	2,731
Publishing Rights
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Acquired intangible assets, net	1,240	1,459
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Goodwill	47,842	47,842
Property, equipment and software, net	23,445	22,540
Pre-publication costs, net	16,913	16,441
Other intangible assets, net	2,952	3,231
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Curriculum and Technology
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Acquired intangible assets, net	2,351	2,731
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Publishing Rights
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Acquired intangible assets, net	$ 1,240	$ 1,459

XML

Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Deferred costs	$ 7,144	$ 8,514
Prepaid expenses	2,139	1,367
Other	100	100
Other current assets	$ 9,383	$ 9,981

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Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Assets
Collateral investments	$ 1,784	$ 1,783
Deferred costs, less current portion	1,311	1,479
Deferred financing costs - revolving credit facility	846	892
Other	754	663
Other assets	$ 4,695	$ 4,817

XML

Other Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Assets Non Current [Line Items]
Collateral investments	$ 1,784	$ 1,783
Certificates of Deposit
Other Assets Non Current [Line Items]
Collateral investments	900	900
Money Market
Other Assets Non Current [Line Items]
Collateral investments	$ 900	$ 900

XML

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Accrued expenses
Salaries, bonuses and benefits	$ 4,420	$ 9,383
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans	1,093	1,093
Accrued royalties	740	1,201
Accrued interest	57
Other	2,561	2,547
Accrued expenses	$ 8,871	$ 14,224

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Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Long-term liabilities:
Pension and post-retirement benefit plans, long-term portion	$ 9,723	$ 9,903
Deferred rent	830	881
Long-term income tax payable	560	896
Long-term deferred compensation	338	347
Other liabilities	$ 11,451	$ 12,027

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Pension Plan (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Net pension costs	$ 100	$ 200
Amortization of accumulated net loss	$ 37	$ 100

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Uncertain Tax Positions (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Uncertainties [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 6,000,000	$ 6,200,000
Unrecognized tax benefits that would affect effective tax rate	600,000
Company recognized penalties	0
Unrecognized tax benefits, penalties	100,000
Liability for interest (gross) related to UTB	100,000
Unrecognized tax benefits, decreases for effectively settled tax positions	$ 300,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase commitments	$ 500
Letters of credit outstanding	900
Certificate of deposit	900
Collateral investments	1,784	$ 1,783
Money Market
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Collateral investments	$ 900	$ 900
Maximum
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Term of purchase commitment	1 year

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Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Summary Long-term debt
Less: Unamortized discount	$ (1,725)	$ (1,856)
Less: Unamortized deferred financing costs	(1,318)	(1,422)
Total debt	100,994	101,722
Current portion of long-term debt	4,725	3,850
Long-term debt	96,269	97,872
Senior Secured Credit Facility Term Loans Due December 10, 2020
Summary Long-term debt
Long term debt, gross	$ 104,037	$ 105,000

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Long-Term Debt (Details) (Parenthetical)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016
Senior Secured Credit Facility Term Loans Due December 10, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, maturity date	Dec. 10, 2020

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Long-Term Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	4 Months Ended
	Feb. 29, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 10, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized discount		$ 1,725,000	$ 1,725,000	$ 1,856,000
Unamortized deferred financing costs		1,318,000	1,318,000	1,422,000
Outstanding principal balances under term loan		100,994,000	100,994,000	101,722,000
Outstanding principal balances under credit facility		10,500,000	10,500,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding principal balances under credit facility		$ 10,500,000	10,500,000
Term Loan A and Term Loan B | Interest Rate Cap Agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payment to enter into interest rate cap agreements	$ 100,000
Interest rate cap agreements period	3 years
Interest rate cap agreements, LIBOR rate description		three-month LIBOR rate exceeds 2.5%.
Term Loan A and Term Loan B | LIBOR loans | Interest Rate Cap Agreements
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate cap	2.50%
Senior Secured Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings					$ 135,000,000
Debt instrument, maturity date		Dec. 10, 2020
Unamortized discount		$ 1,700,000	$ 1,700,000	1,900,000
Senior Secured Credit Facility | LIBOR loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of floor on variable interest rate		1.00%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings					70,000,000
Interest rate applied			5.50%
Outstanding principal balances under term loan		$ 69,100,000	$ 69,100,000
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan A | LIBOR loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate, applicable margin		3.75%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan A | Base Rate loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate, applicable margin		2.75%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings					35,000,000
Interest rate applied			5.50%
Outstanding principal balances under term loan		$ 34,900,000	$ 34,900,000
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan B | LIBOR loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate, applicable margin		5.25%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan B | Base Rate loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate, applicable margin		4.25%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Outstanding borrowings					$ 30,000,000
Interest rate applied			6.25%
Unused line fee		0.50%
Unamortized deferred financing costs		$ 800,000	$ 800,000	900,000
Outstanding principal balances under credit facility		10,500,000	10,500,000
Borrowing available under credit facility		$ 19,500,000	19,500,000
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate, applicable margin		4.50%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate, applicable margin		3.50%
Senior Secured Credit Facility | Term Loan A and Term Loan B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized deferred financing costs		$ 1,300,000	$ 1,300,000	$ 1,400,000

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Segment Reporting (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016 Segment Countries Product
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable business segments | Segment	3
Learning A-Z Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of countries in which product is used | Countries	180
ExploreLearning Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of products under ExploreLearning | Product	2

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Segment Reporting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2015
Revenue, operating expenses and income (loss) from operations
Net revenues	$ 33,674	$ 31,471
Cost of revenues	7,007	6,886
Amortization expense	3,650	4,003
Total cost of revenues	10,657	10,889
Other operating expenses	20,592	18,510
Depreciation and amortization expense	841	993
Total costs and expenses	32,090	30,392
Income before interest, other income (expense) and income taxes	1,584	1,079
Net interest expense	(1,764)	(3,674)
Other income, net		215
Income tax benefit (expense)	78	(118)
Net loss	(102)	(2,498)
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and pre-publication costs	4,990	4,783
Operating Segments | Learning A-Z Segment
Revenue, operating expenses and income (loss) from operations
Net revenues	15,728	12,935
Cost of revenues	635	466
Total cost of revenues	635	466
Other operating expenses	7,168	5,596
Total costs and expenses	7,803	6,062
Income before interest, other income (expense) and income taxes	7,925	6,873
Net loss	7,925	6,873
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and pre-publication costs	2,095	1,812
Operating Segments | Voyager Sopris Learning Segment
Revenue, operating expenses and income (loss) from operations
Net revenues	12,336	13,746
Cost of revenues	5,359	5,742
Total cost of revenues	5,359	5,742
Other operating expenses	7,026	6,648
Total costs and expenses	12,385	12,390
Income before interest, other income (expense) and income taxes	(49)	1,356
Net loss	(49)	1,356
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and pre-publication costs	2,159	2,285
Operating Segments | ExploreLearning Segment
Revenue, operating expenses and income (loss) from operations
Net revenues	5,610	4,790
Cost of revenues	1,013	678
Total cost of revenues	1,013	678
Other operating expenses	2,772	2,597
Total costs and expenses	3,785	3,275
Income before interest, other income (expense) and income taxes	1,825	1,515
Net loss	1,825	1,515
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and pre-publication costs	610	614
Other
Revenue, operating expenses and income (loss) from operations
Amortization expense	3,650	4,003
Total cost of revenues	3,650	4,003
Other operating expenses	3,626	3,669
Depreciation and amortization expense	841	993
Total costs and expenses	8,117	8,665
Income before interest, other income (expense) and income taxes	(8,117)	(8,665)
Net interest expense	(1,764)	(3,674)
Other income, net		215
Income tax benefit (expense)	78	(118)
Net loss	(9,803)	(12,242)
Expenditures for property, equipment, software and pre-publication costs	$ 126	$ 72