10-Q

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒    Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 or

☐    Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number 0-53713 

OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Minnesota (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	27-0383995 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
215 South Cascade Street, Box 496, Fergus Falls, Minnesota (Address of principal executive offices)	56538-0496 (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 866-410-8780

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, par value $5.00 per share	OTTR	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☑    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☑     No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 

Large Accelerated Filer ☑	Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐	Smaller Reporting Company ☐	Emerging Growth Company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☑ 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

41,630,952 Common Shares ($5 par value) as of October 25, 2022. 

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Description	Page
	Definitions	2
	Forward Looking Information	2
PART I
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements:
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
PART II
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	32
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	33
Signatures		34

1

Table of Contents

DEFINITIONS

The following abbreviations or acronyms are used in the text.

AGI	Advanced Grid Infrastructure Rider	OTC	Otter Tail Corporation
ARP	Alternative Revenue Program	OTP	Otter Tail Power Company
BTD	BTD Manufacturing, Inc.	NDDEQ	North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality
CIP	Conservation Improvement Program	PIR	Phase-In Rider
EAR	Energy Adjustment Rider	PSLRA	Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
EPA	Environmental Protection Agency	PTC	Production Tax Credits
ESSRP	Executive Survivor and Supplemental Retirement Plan	PVC	Polyvinyl chloride
FERC	Federal Energy Regulatory Commission	RHR	Regional Haze Rule
GCR	Generation Cost Recovery Rider	ROE	Return on equity
ISO	Independent System Operator	RRR	Renewable Resource Rider
IRP	Integrated Resource Plan	SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission
kwh	kilowatt-hour	SOFR	Secured Overnight Funds Rate
Merricourt	Merricourt Wind Energy Center	T.O. Plastics	T.O. Plastics, Inc.
MISO	Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc.	TCR	Transmission Cost Recovery Rider
MPUC	Minnesota Public Utilities Commission

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the "PSLRA"). When used in this Form 10-Q and in future filings by Otter Tail Corporation (the "Company") with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in the Company’s press releases and in oral statements, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” "future," "goal," “intend,” "likely," “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” "probable," "projected," “should,” "target," “will,” “would” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of the PSLRA. Such statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and entail various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. The Company’s risks and uncertainties include, among other things, uncertainty of the impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty of future investments and capital expenditures, rate base levels and rate base growth, long-term investment risk, seasonal weather patterns and extreme weather events, counterparty credit risk, future business volumes with key customers, reductions in our credit ratings, our ability to access capital markets on favorable terms, assumptions and costs relating to funding our employee benefit plans, our subsidiaries’ ability to make dividend payments, cyber security threats or data breaches, the impact of government legislation and regulation including foreign trade policy and environmental laws and regulations, the impact of climate change including compliance with legislative and regulatory changes to address climate change, operational and economic risks associated with our electric generating and manufacturing facilities, risks associated with energy markets, the availability and pricing of resource materials, inflation rates, attracting and maintaining a qualified and stable workforce, expectations regarding regulatory proceedings, and changing macroeconomic and industry conditions. These and other risks and uncertainties are more fully described in our filings with the SEC, including our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking information.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	72,987	$	1,537
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses	193,797		174,953
Inventories	146,376		148,490
Regulatory Assets	29,921		27,342
Other Current Assets	17,412		17,032
Total Current Assets	460,493		369,354
Noncurrent Assets
Investments	52,966		56,690
Property, Plant and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	2,186,643		2,124,605
Regulatory Assets	116,593		125,508
Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization	8,218		9,044
Goodwill	37,572		37,572
Other Noncurrent Assets	35,419		32,057
Total Noncurrent Assets	2,437,411		2,385,476
Total Assets	$	2,897,904	$	2,754,830
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current Liabilities
Short-Term Debt	$	—	$	91,163
Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt	—		29,983
Accounts Payable	121,995		135,089
Accrued Salaries and Wages	27,454		31,704
Accrued Taxes	25,635		19,245
Regulatory Liabilities	21,114		24,844
Other Current Liabilities	45,655		55,671
Total Current Liabilities	241,853		387,699
Noncurrent Liabilities
Pension Benefit Liability	50,489		73,973
Other Postretirement Benefits Liability	67,352		66,481
Regulatory Liabilities	240,545		234,430
Deferred Income Taxes	212,838		188,268
Deferred Tax Credits	16,102		16,661
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	60,942		62,527
Total Noncurrent Liabilities	648,268		642,340
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Capitalization
Long-Term Debt, net of current maturities	823,760		734,014
Shareholders' Equity
Common Shares: 50,000,000 shares authorized, $5 par value; 41,630,952 and 41,551,524 outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	208,155		207,758
Additional Paid-In Capital	422,448		419,760
Retained Earnings	560,398		369,783
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(6,978)		(6,524)
Total Shareholders' Equity	1,184,023		990,777
Total Capitalization	2,007,783		1,724,791
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	2,897,904	$	2,754,830

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per-share amounts)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenues
Electric	$	142,747	$	118,775	$	404,112	$	348,629
Product Sales	241,109		197,519		754,688		514,983
Total Operating Revenues	383,856		316,294		1,158,800		863,612
Operating Expenses
Electric Production Fuel	24,972		17,698		54,538		44,576
Electric Purchased Power	19,913		9,878		64,604		40,273
Electric Operating and Maintenance Expenses	39,799		36,465		126,460		114,615
Cost of Products Sold (excluding depreciation)	139,361		134,212		443,586		358,767
Other Nonelectric Expenses	16,524		16,224		50,981		45,587
Depreciation and Amortization	22,716		22,815		69,829		68,109
Electric Property Taxes	4,438		4,474		13,304		13,136
Total Operating Expenses	267,723		241,766		823,302		685,063
Operating Income	116,133		74,528		335,498		178,549
Other Income and Expense
Interest Charges	9,259		9,648		27,198		28,601
Nonservice Cost Components of Postretirement Benefits	(52)		505		(824)		1,511
Other Income (Expense), net	(174)		203		(802)		2,095
Income Before Income Taxes	106,752		64,578		308,322		150,532
Income Tax Expense	22,513		11,824		66,143		25,380
Net Income	$	84,239	$	52,754	$	242,179	$	125,152
Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic	41,600		41,504		41,582		41,487
Diluted	41,974		41,869		41,930		41,795
Earnings Per Share:
Basic	$	2.02	$	1.27	$	5.82	$	3.02
Diluted	$	2.01	$	1.26	$	5.78	$	2.99

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net Income	$	84,239	$	52,754	$	242,179	$	125,152
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities, net of tax benefit of $46, $7, $127, and $27	(171)		(26)		(476)		(101)
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits, net of tax expense of $(37), $(51), $(8), and $(154)	106		146		22		437
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(65)		120		(454)		336
Total Comprehensive Income	$	84,174	$	52,874	$	241,725	$	125,488

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited)

(in thousands, except common shares outstanding)	Common Shares Outstanding	Par Value, Common Shares		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance, June 30, 2022	41,630,799	$	208,154	$	421,951	$	493,351	$	(6,913)	$	1,116,543
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	153	1		(1)		—		—		—
Stock Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plans, net of expenses and repurchased shares	—	—		(132)		—		—		(132)
Net Income	—	—		—		84,239		—		84,239
Other Comprehensive Loss	—	—		—		—		(65)		(65)
Stock Compensation Expense	—	—		630		—		—		630
Common Dividends ($0.4125 per share)	—	—		—		(17,192)		—		(17,192)
Balance, September 30, 2022	41,630,952	$	208,155	$	422,448	$	560,398	$	(6,978)	$	1,184,023
Balance, June 30, 2021	41,538,709	$	207,694	$	417,870	$	297,850	$	(8,291)	$	915,123
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	1,275	6		(132)		—		—		(126)
Net Income	—	—		—		52,754		—		52,754
Other Comprehensive Income	—	—		—		—		120		120
Stock Compensation Expense	—	—		830		—		—		830
Common Dividends ($0.39 per share)	—	—		—		(16,219)		—		(16,219)
Balance, September 30, 2021	41,539,984	$	207,700	$	418,568	$	334,385	$	(8,171)	$	952,482
Balance, December 31, 2021	41,551,524	$	207,758	$	419,760	$	369,783	$	(6,524)	$	990,777
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	79,428	397		(3,321)		—		—		(2,924)
Stock Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plans, net of expenses and repurchased shares	—	—		(132)		—		—		(132)
Net Income	—	—		—		242,179		—		242,179
Other Comprehensive Loss	—	—		—		—		(454)		(454)
Stock Compensation Expense	—	—		6,141		—		—		6,141
Common Dividends ($1.2375 per share)	—	—		—		(51,564)		—		(51,564)
Balance, September 30, 2022	41,630,952	$	208,155	$	422,448	$	560,398	$	(6,978)	$	1,184,023
Balance, December 31, 2020	41,469,879	$	207,349	$	414,246	$	257,878	$	(8,507)	$	870,966
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	70,105	351		(1,965)		—		—		(1,614)
Stock Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plans, net of expenses and repurchased shares	—	—		(67)		—		—		(67)
Net Income	—	—		—		125,152		—		125,152
Other Comprehensive Income	—	—		—		—		336		336
Stock Compensation Expense	—	—		6,354		—		—		6,354
Common Dividends ($1.17 per share)	—	—		—		(48,645)		—		(48,645)
Balance, September 30, 2021	41,539,984	$	207,700	$	418,568	$	334,385	$	(8,171)	$	952,482

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Operating Activities
Net Income	$	242,179	$	125,152
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Depreciation and Amortization	69,829		68,109
Deferred Tax Credits	(558)		(558)
Deferred Income Taxes	23,648		18,835
Discretionary Contribution to Pension Plan	(20,000)		(10,000)
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction	(938)		(427)
Stock Compensation Expense	6,141		6,354
Other, Net	5,477		(2,747)
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Receivables	(18,845)		(64,800)
Inventories	3,632		(22,450)
Regulatory Assets	170		5,301
Other Assets	1,789		(18,708)
Accounts Payable	(10,681)		30,921
Accrued and Other Liabilities	(13,970)		12,027
Regulatory Liabilities	(1,208)		2,350
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits	1,308		5,393
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	287,973		154,752
Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures	(123,227)		(117,312)
Proceeds from Disposal of Noncurrent Assets	3,803		5,819
Cash Used for Investments and Other Assets	(8,132)		(5,591)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(127,556)		(117,084)
Financing Activities
Net Borrowings (Repayments) on Short-Term Debt	(91,163)		16,860
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-Term Debt	90,000		—
Payments for Retirement of Long-Term Debt	(30,000)		(169)
Dividends Paid	(51,564)		(48,645)
Payments for Shares Withheld for Employee Tax Obligations	(2,942)		(1,633)
Other, net	(3,298)		(3,972)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities	(88,967)		(37,559)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	71,450		109
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	1,537		1,163
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	72,987	$	1,272
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing Activities
Accrued Property, Plant and Equipment Additions	$	12,438	$	14,358

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Overview

Otter Tail Corporation (OTC) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company", "us", "our" or "we") form a diverse, multi-platform business consisting of a vertically integrated, regulated utility with generation, transmission and distribution facilities complemented by manufacturing businesses providing metal fabrication for custom machine parts and metal components, manufacturing of extruded and thermoformed plastic products, and manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe products. We classify our business into three segments: Electric, Manufacturing and Plastics.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles. In the opinion of management, we have included all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements and condensed notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Because of the seasonality of our businesses and other factors, the earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 should not be taken as an indication of earnings for all or any part of the balance of the current year or as an indication of earnings for future years.

Use of Estimates

We use estimates based on the best information available in recording transactions and balances resulting from business operations. As better information becomes available or actual amounts are known, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders' equity and consolidated statements of cash flows to maintain consistency and comparability between periods presented. The reclassifications had no impact on previously reported shareholders' equity, net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities, net cash used in financing activities, or cash and cash equivalents.

2. Segment Information

We classify our business into three segments, Electric, Manufacturing and Plastics, consistent with our business strategy, organizational structure and our internal reporting and review processes used by our chief operating decision maker to make decisions regarding allocation of resources, to assess operating performance and to make strategic decisions.

Certain assets and costs are not allocated to our operating segments. Corporate operating costs include items such as corporate staff and overhead costs, the results of our captive insurance company and other items excluded from the measurement of operating segment performance. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, investments and fixed assets. Corporate is not an operating segment, rather it is added to operating segment totals to reconcile to consolidated amounts.

Information for each segment and our unallocated corporate costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenue
Electric	$	142,747	$	118,775	$	404,112	$	348,629
Manufacturing	98,767		89,977		306,921		250,085
Plastics	142,342		107,542		447,767		264,898
Total	$	383,856	$	316,294	$	1,158,800	$	863,612
Net Income (Loss)
Electric	$	24,847	$	22,528	$	62,938	$	55,547
Manufacturing	6,219		4,200		17,858		15,290
Plastics	55,982		28,410		170,788		60,102
Corporate	(2,809)		(2,384)		(9,405)		(5,787)
Total	$	84,239	$	52,754	$	242,179	$	125,152

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The following provides the identifiable assets by segment and corporate assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Identifiable Assets
Electric	$	2,347,461	$	2,283,776
Manufacturing	253,819		251,044
Plastics	179,925		162,565
Corporate	116,699		57,445
Total	$	2,897,904	$	2,754,830

3. Revenue

Presented below are our operating revenues to external customers, in total and by amounts arising from contracts with customers and alternative revenue program (ARP) arrangements, disaggregated by revenue source and segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenues
Electric Segment
Retail: Residential	$	35,122	$	33,902	$	108,883	$	100,067
Retail: Commercial and Industrial	83,022		60,557		232,532		185,376
Retail: Other	2,033		1,979		6,004		5,687
Total Retail	120,177		96,438		347,419		291,130
Transmission	13,156		13,300		37,409		37,085
Wholesale	7,196		6,944		13,196		14,711
Other	2,218		2,093		6,088		5,703
Total Electric Segment	142,747		118,775		404,112		348,629
Manufacturing Segment
Metal Parts and Tooling	84,054		76,455		261,923		210,141
Plastic Products and Tooling	12,723		10,198		36,584		30,624
Scrap Metal Sales	1,990		3,324		8,414		9,320
Total Manufacturing Segment	98,767		89,977		306,921		250,085
Plastics Segment
PVC Pipe	142,342		107,542		447,767		264,898
Total Operating Revenue	383,856		316,294		1,158,800		863,612
Less: Non-contract Revenues Included Above
Electric Segment - ARP Revenues	(548)		(33)		(7,937)		(2,790)
Total Operating Revenues from Contracts with Customers	$	384,404	$	316,327	$	1,166,737	$	866,402

4. Select Balance Sheet Information

Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Receivables as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Receivables
Trade	$	167,480	$	142,297
Other	9,052		10,591
Unbilled Receivables	18,813		23,901
Total Receivables	195,345		176,789
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,548)		(1,836)
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses	$	193,797	$	174,953

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The following is a summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	1,836	$	3,215
Additions Charged to Expense	518		177
Reductions for Amounts Written Off, Net of Recoveries	(806)		(1,060)
Ending Balance, September 30	$	1,548	$	2,332

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Raw Material, Fuel and Supplies	$	74,249	$	72,882
Work in Process	33,765		35,705
Finished Goods	38,362		39,903
Total Inventories	$	146,376	$	148,490

Investments

The following is a summary of our investments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance Policies	$	37,288	$	41,078
Debt Securities	8,710		9,202
Money Market Funds	1,854		949
Mutual Funds	5,084		5,432
Other Investments	30		29
Total Investments	$	52,966	$	56,690

The amount of unrealized gains and losses on debt securities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was not material and no unrealized losses were deemed to be other-than-temporary. In addition, the amount of unrealized gains and losses on marketable equity securities still held as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was not material.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Major classes of property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Electric Plant
Electric Plant in Service	$	2,795,649	$	2,758,445
Construction Work in Progress	130,486		74,926
Total Gross Electric Plant	2,926,135		2,833,371
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	850,741		817,302
Net Electric Plant	2,075,394		2,016,069
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment in Service	281,584		273,950
Construction Work in Progress	20,746		16,611
Total Gross Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment	302,330		290,561
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	191,081		182,025
Net Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment	111,249		108,536
Net Property, Plant and Equipment	$	2,186,643	$	2,124,605

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5. Regulatory Matters

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

The following presents our current and long-term regulatory assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the period we expect to recover or refund such amounts:

	Period of	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Recovery/Refund	Current		Long-Term		Current		Long Term
Regulatory Assets
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans1	Various	$	7,791	$	110,183	$	7,791	$	114,961
Alternative Revenue Program Riders2	Up to 2 years	7,528		1,988		11,889		5,564
Asset Retirement Obligations1	Asset lives	—		1,323		—		742
ISO Cost Recovery Trackers1	Up to 2 years	660		740		—		1,342
Unrecovered Project Costs1	Up to 5 years	320		1,063		2,136		1,455
Deferred Rate Case Expenses1	Various	412		848		607		1,131
Debt Reacquisition Premiums1	10 years	25		222		100		240
Fuel Clause Adjustments1	Up to 1 year	13,185		—		4,819		—
Other1	Various	—		226		—		73
Total Regulatory Assets		$	29,921	$	116,593	$	27,342	$	125,508
Regulatory Liabilities
Deferred Income Taxes	Asset lives	$	—	$	128,397	$	—	$	129,437
Plant Removal Obligations	Asset lives	8,526		106,008		8,306		101,595
Fuel Clause Adjustments	Up to 1 year	—		—		1,554		—
Alternative Revenue Program Riders	Various	4,178		6,048		5,772		3,336
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	Up to 1 year	2,603		—		2,603		—
Derivative Instruments	Various	5,532		—		6,214		—
Other	Various	275		92		395		62
Total Regulatory Liabilities		$	21,114	$	240,545	$	24,844	$	234,430
1Costs subject to recovery without a rate of return.
2Amount eligible for recovery includes an incentive or rate of return.

Minnesota Rate Case

On November 2, 2020, Otter Tail Power Company (OTP) filed an initial request with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (MPUC) for an increase in revenue recoverable through base rates in Minnesota, and on December 3, 2020, the MPUC approved an interim annual rate increase of $6.9 million, or 3.2%, effective January 1, 2021.

On February 1, 2022, the MPUC issued its written order on final rates. The key provisions of the order included a revenue requirement of $209.0 million, based on a return on rate base of 7.18% and an allowed return on equity of 9.48% on an equity ratio of 52.5%. The order also authorized recovery of our remaining Hoot Lake Plant net asset over a five-year period and approved the requested decoupling mechanism for most residential and commercial customer rate groups with a cap of 4% of annual base revenues.

On May 12, 2022, OTP's final rate case compliance filing was approved by the MPUC. The filing included final revenue calculations, rate design and resulting tariff revisions, along with a determination of the interim rate refund, which resulted in an increase in revenues during the second quarter of 2022 of $4.1 million. Final rates took effect on July 1, 2022, and interim rate refunds of $15.3 million were applied to customer accounts in the third quarter of 2022.

6. Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings

The following is a summary of our outstanding short- and long-term borrowings by borrower, OTC or OTP, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

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Short-Term Debt

The following is a summary of our lines of credit as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

			September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Borrowing Limit		Amount Outstanding		Letters of Credit		Amount Available		Amount Available
OTC Credit Agreement	$	170,000	$	—	$	—	$	170,000	$	147,363
OTP Credit Agreement	170,000		—		9,919		160,081		88,315
Total	$	340,000	$	—	$	9,919	$	330,081	$	235,678

On October 31, 2022, OTC entered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and OTP entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, in each case amending and restating the previously existing credit agreements to extend the maturity date of each credit facility from September 30, 2026 to October 29, 2027, and to replace LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate with the Secured Overnight Finance Rate (SOFR). The adoption of SOFR as a benchmark interest rate is in advance of the scheduled elimination of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate on June 30, 2023. No other significant terms or conditions, including borrowing capacity, credit spreads or financial covenants, were modified under these amendments and restatements.

Long-Term Debt

The following is a summary of outstanding long-term debt by borrower as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: 

					(in thousands)
Borrower		Debt Instrument	Rate	Maturity	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
OTC		Guaranteed Senior Notes	3.55%	12/15/26	$	80,000	$	80,000
OTP		Series 2007B Senior Unsecured Notes	6.15%	08/20/22	—		30,000
OTP		Series 2007C Senior Unsecured Notes	6.37%	08/02/27	42,000		42,000
OTP		Series 2013A Senior Unsecured Notes	4.68%	02/27/29	60,000		60,000
OTP		Series 2019A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.07%	10/10/29	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2020A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.22%	02/25/30	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2020B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.22%	08/20/30	40,000		40,000
OTP		Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes	2.74%	11/29/31	40,000		40,000
OTP		Series 2007D Senior Unsecured Notes	6.47%	08/20/37	50,000		50,000
OTP		Series 2019B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.52%	10/10/39	26,000		26,000
OTP		Series 2020C Senior Unsecured Notes	3.62%	02/25/40	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2013B Senior Unsecured Notes	5.47%	02/27/44	90,000		90,000
OTP		Series 2018A Senior Unsecured Notes	4.07%	02/07/48	100,000		100,000
OTP		Series 2019C Senior Unsecured Notes	3.82%	10/10/49	64,000		64,000
OTP		Series 2020D Senior Unsecured Notes	3.92%	02/25/50	15,000		15,000
OTP		Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.69%	11/29/51	100,000		100,000
OTP		Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.77%	05/20/52	90,000		—
Total					$	827,000	$	767,000
Less:	Current Maturities, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs				—		29,983
	Unamortized Long-Term Debt Issuance Costs				3,240		3,003
Total Long-Term Debt, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs					$	823,760	$	734,014

On June 10, 2021, OTP entered into a Note Purchase Agreement pursuant to which OTP agreed to issue, in a private placement transaction, $230.0 million of senior unsecured notes consisting of (a) $40.0 million of 2.74% Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes due November 29, 2031, (b) $100.0 million of 3.69% Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes due November 29, 2051 and (c) $90.0 million of 3.77% Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes due May 20, 2052. In November 2021, OTP issued its Series 2021A and Series 2021B Notes for aggregate proceeds of $140.0 million, which were used to repay the Series 2011A Notes in full. In May 2022, OTP issued its Series 2022A Notes for proceeds of $90.0 million, which were used to repay the Series 2007B Senior Unsecured Notes at their maturity in August 2022, to repay short-term borrowings, to fund capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes.

Financial Covenants

Certain of OTC's and OTP's short- and long-term debt agreements require the borrower, whether OTC or OTP, to maintain certain financial covenants, including a maximum debt to total capitalization ratio of 0.60 to 1.00, a minimum interest and dividend coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00, and a maximum level of priority indebtedness. As of September 30, 2022, OTC and OTP were in compliance with these financial covenants.

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7. Employee Postretirement Benefits

Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits

The Company sponsors a noncontributory funded pension plan (the "Pension Plan"), an unfunded, nonqualified Executive Survivor and Supplemental Retirement Plan (the "ESSRP"), both accounted for as defined benefit pension plans, and a postretirement healthcare plan accounted for as an other postretirement benefit plan.

The following tables include the components of net periodic benefit cost of our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)				Pension Benefits (ESSRP)				Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service Cost	$	1,644	$	1,866	$	48	$	47	$	335	$	430
Interest Cost	3,086		2,915		335		307		510		472
Expected Return on Assets	(5,921)		(5,590)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	—		—		—		—		(1,433)		(1,432)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	1,966		2,728		141		154		765		943
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	775	$	1,919	$	524	$	508	$	177	$	413
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)				Pension Benefits (ESSRP)				Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service Cost	$	4,932	$	5,597	$	146	$	140	$	1,004	$	1,291
Interest Cost	9,258		8,745		1,006		921		1,531		1,418
Expected Return on Assets	(17,763)		(16,769)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	—		—		—		—		(4,300)		(4,299)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	5,899		8,185		425		465		2,297		2,830
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	2,326	$	5,758	$	1,577	$	1,526	$	532	$	1,240

The following table includes the impact of regulation on the recognition of periodic benefit cost arising from pension and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	1,476	$	2,840	$	4,435	$	8,524
Net Amount Amortized (Deferred) Due to the Effect of Regulation	499		8		823		15
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Recognized	$	1,975	$	2,848	$	5,258	$	8,539

We had no minimum funding requirements for our Pension Plan or any other postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2021, but made a discretionary contribution of $20.0 million to our Pension Plan in February 2022.

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8. Income Taxes

The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Federal Statutory Rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Increases (Decreases) in Tax from:
State Taxes on Income, Net of Federal Tax	5.0		5.0		5.0		5.0
Production Tax Credits (PTCs)	(3.6)		(5.0)		(4.1)		(6.0)
Amortization of Excess Deferred Income Taxes	(0.9)		(1.6)		(0.7)		(2.0)
North Dakota Wind Tax Credit Amortization, Net of Federal Tax	(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.3)
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	0.2		(0.3)		0.4		(0.6)
Other, Net	(0.5)		(0.6)		0.1		(0.2)
Effective Tax Rate	21.1	%	18.3	%	21.5	%	16.9	%

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Ashtabula III Purchase. On June 23, 2022, OTP exercised its option to acquire the Ashtabula III wind farm, a 62.4 megawatt wind farm located in eastern North Dakota, for $49.7 million, subject to certain closing adjustments. Since 2013, OTP has purchased the wind-generated electricity from the Ashtabula III wind farm pursuant to a purchase power agreement, and that agreement granted OTP the option to purchase the wind farm. The purchase has received regulatory approval. We anticipate the transaction will close, subject to certain customary closing conditions, in January 2023.

Contingencies

FERC ROE. In November 2013 and February 2015, customers filed complaints with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) seeking to reduce the return on equity (ROE) component of the transmission rates that Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO) transmission owners, including OTP, may collect under the MISO tariff rate. FERC's most recent order, issued on November 19, 2020, adopted a revised ROE methodology and set the base ROE at 10.02% (10.52% with an adder) effective for the fifteen-month period from November 2013 to February 2015 and on a prospective basis beginning in September 2016. The order also dismissed any complaints covering the period from February 2015 to May 2016. On August 9, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated the FERC order citing a lack of reasoned explanation by FERC in its adoption of its revised ROE methodology as outlined in its November 2020 order. The U.S. Court of Appeals remanded the matter to FERC to reopen the proceedings.

Significant uncertainty exists as to how FERC will proceed upon remand and there is no prescribed timeline under which FERC must act. We have deferred recognition and recorded a refund liability of $2.5 million as of September 30, 2022. This refund liability reflects our best estimate of amounts previously collected from customers under the MISO tariff rate that may be required to be refunded to customers once all regulatory and judicial proceedings are complete and a final ROE is established for the periods outlined above.

Regional Haze Rule (RHR). The RHR was adopted in an effort to improve visibility in national parks and wilderness areas. The RHR requires states, in coordination with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other governmental agencies, to develop and implement plans to achieve natural visibility conditions. The second RHR implementation period covers the years 2018-2028. States are required to submit a state implementation plan to assess reasonable progress with the RHR and determine what additional emission reductions are appropriate, if any.

Coyote Station, OTP's jointly owned coal-fired power plant in North Dakota, is subject to assessment in the second implementation period under the North Dakota state implementation plan. The North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (NDDEQ) submitted its state implementation plan to the EPA for approval in August 2022. In its plan, the NDDEQ concluded it is not reasonable to require additional emission controls during this planning period. The EPA has previously expressed disagreement with the NDDEQ's recommendation to forgo additional emission controls and has indicated that such a plan is not likely to be accepted.

We cannot predict with certainty the impact the state implementation plan may have on our business until the state implementation plan has been approved or otherwise acted on by the EPA. However, significant emission control investments could be required and the recovery of such costs from customers would require regulatory approval. Alternatively, investments in emission control equipment may prove to be uneconomic and result in the early retirement of or the sale of our interest in Coyote Station, subject to regulatory approval. We cannot estimate the ultimate financial effects such a retirement or sale may have on our consolidated operating results, financial position or cash flows, but such amounts could be material and the recovery of such costs in rates would be subject to regulatory approval.

Other Contingencies. We are party to litigation and regulatory matters arising in the normal course of business. We regularly analyze relevant information and, as necessary, estimate and record accrued liabilities for legal, regulatory enforcement and other matters in which a loss is probable of occurring and can be reasonably estimated. We believe the effect on our consolidated operating results, financial position and cash flows, if any, for the disposition of all matters pending as of September 30, 2022, other than those discussed above, will not be material.

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10. Stockholders' Equity

Registration Statements

On May 3, 2021, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC under which we may offer for sale, from time to time, either separately or together in any combination, equity, debt or other securities described in the shelf registration statement. No new debt or equity has been issued pursuant to the registration statement. The registration statement expires in May 2024.

On May 3, 2021, we filed a second registration statement with the SEC for the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares under an Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and a Share Purchase Plan, which provides shareholders, retail customers of OTP and other interested investors methods of purchasing our common shares, by reinvesting their dividends or making optional cash investments. Shares purchased under the plan may be newly issued common shares or common shares purchased on the open market. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we issued 97,046 shares under this plan. We repurchased a sufficient number of shares on the open market to satisfy issuance under the plan; accordingly no proceeds from the issuance were received. As of September 30, 2022, there were 1,287,774 shares available for purchase or issuance under the plan. The registration statement expires in May 2024.

Dividend Restrictions

OTC is a holding company with no significant operations of its own. The primary source of funds for payments of dividends to OTC's shareholders is from dividends paid or distributions made by OTC's subsidiaries. As a result of certain statutory limitations or regulatory or financing agreements, the amount of distributions allowed to be made by OTC's subsidiaries or the amount of dividends paid by OTC could be restricted. Both the OTC Credit Agreement and OTP Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends upon a default or event of default, including failure to maintain certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.

Under the Federal Power Act, a public utility may not pay dividends from any funds properly included in a capital account. What constitutes “funds properly included in a capital account” is undefined in the Federal Power Act or the related regulations; however, the FERC has consistently interpreted the provision to allow dividends to be paid as long as i) the source of the dividends is clearly disclosed, ii) the dividend is not excessive and iii) there is no self-dealing on the part of corporate officials.

The MPUC indirectly limits the amount of dividends OTP can pay to OTC by requiring an equity-to-total-capitalization ratio between 48.0% and 58.7% based on OTP’s capital structure petition effective by order of the MPUC on January 26, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, OTP’s equity-to-total-capitalization ratio, including short-term debt, was 54.9% and its net assets restricted from distribution totaled approximately $686.6 million. Under the MPUC order, total capitalization for OTP cannot exceed $1.7 billion.

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11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following shows the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
(in thousands)	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total
Balance, Beginning of Period	$	(6,621)		$	(292)		$	(6,913)	$	(8,425)		$	134		$	(8,291)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	—			(172)			(172)		—			(26)			(26)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106		(1)	1		(2)	107		146		(1)	—		(2)	146
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106			(171)			(65)		146			(26)			120
Balance, End of Period	$	(6,515)		$	(463)		$	(6,978)	$	(8,279)		$	108		$	(8,171)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
(in thousands)	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total
Balance, Beginning of Period	$	(6,537)		$	13		$	(6,524)	$	(8,716)		$	209		$	(8,507)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	—			(477)			(477)		—			(58)			(58)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	22		(1)	1		(2)	23		437		(1)	(43)		(2)	394
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	22			(476)			(454)		437			(101)			336
Balance, End of Period	$	(6,515)		$	(463)		$	(6,978)	$	(8,279)		$	108		$	(8,171)
(1) Included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs. See Note 7.
(2) Included in other income (expense), net on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

12. Share-Based Payments

Stock Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense arising from our employee stock purchase plan and share-based compensation plans, recognized within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income, amounted to $0.6 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $6.1 million and $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards. We grant restricted stock awards to members of our Board of Directors and restricted stock units to certain key employees. The awards vest, depending on award type and recipient, either ratably over periods of three or four years or cliff vest after four years. Vesting is accelerated in certain circumstances, including on retirement.

The following is a summary of stock award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested, January 1, 2022	138,093	$	44.48
Granted	51,439	59.96
Vested	(47,981)	45.30
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested, September 30, 2022	141,551	$	49.83

The fair value of vested awards was $3.0 million and $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Stock Performance Awards. Stock performance awards are granted to executive officers and certain other key employees. The awards vest at the end of a three-year performance period. The number of common shares awarded, if any, at the end of the performance period ranges from zero to 150% of the target amount based on two performance measures: i) total shareholder return relative to a peer group and ii) return on equity. Vesting of the awards is accelerated in certain circumstances, including on retirement. The amount of common shares awarded on an accelerated vesting is based either on actual performance at the end of the performance period or the amount of common shares earned at target.

The grant date fair value of stock performance awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was determined using a Monte Carlo fair value simulation model incorporating the following assumptions:

	2022		2021
Risk-free interest rate	1.52	%	0.18	%
Expected term (in years)	3.00		3.00
Expected volatility	32.00	%	32.00	%
Dividend yield	2.90	%	3.60	%

The risk-free interest rate was derived from yields on U.S. government bonds of a similar term. The expected term of the award is equal to the three-year performance period. Expected volatility was estimated based on actual historical volatility of our common stock. Dividend yield was estimated based on historic and future yield estimates.

The following is a summary of stock performance award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (share amounts reflect awards at target):

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested, January 1, 2022	189,600	$	42.54
Granted	55,800	54.91
Vested	(55,600)	43.30
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested, September 30, 2022	189,800	$	45.95

The fair value of vested awards was $5.1 million and $2.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

13. Earnings Per Share

The numerator used in the calculation of both basic and diluted earnings per common share is net income. The denominator used in the calculation of basic earnings per common share is the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The denominator used in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share is derived by adjusting basic shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of potential common shares outstanding, which consist of time and performance based stock awards and employee stock purchase plan shares.

The following includes the computation of the denominator for basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	41,600	41,504	41,582	41,487
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Performance Awards	276	262	251	209
Restricted Stock Awards	97	88	96	82
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares and Other	1	15	1	17
Dilutive Effect of Potential Common Shares	374	365	348	308
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	41,974	41,869	41,930	41,795

The amount of shares excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding because such shares were anti-dilutive was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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14. Derivative Instruments

OTP enters into derivative instruments to manage its exposure to future price variability and reduce volatility in prices for our retail customers. These derivative instruments are not designated as qualifying hedging transactions but provide for an economic hedge against future price variability. The instruments are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with rate-making and cost recovery processes, we recognize a regulatory asset or liability to defer losses or gains from derivative activity until settlement of the associated derivative instrument.

As of September 30, 2022, OTP had outstanding pay-fixed, receive-variable swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of 156,800 megawatt-hours of electricity, which will be settled periodically throughout 2022 and 2023. As of September 30, 2022, the fair value of these derivative instruments was $5.4 million, of which $5.5 million is included in other current assets and $0.1 million, which is included in other noncurrent liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of these types of derivative contracts was $6.2 million, which is included in other current assets. No contracts settled during the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, contracts matured and were settled in an aggregate amount of $2.8 million. There were no contracts settled during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021.

15. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 classified by the input method used to measure fair value:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2022
Assets:
Investments:
Money Market Funds	$	1,854	$	—	$	—
Mutual Funds	5,084		—		—
Corporate Debt Securities	—		1,424		—
Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities	—		7,286		—
Derivative Instruments	—		5,532		—
Total Assets	$	6,938	$	14,242	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	$	—	$	169	$	—
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	169	$	—
December 31, 2021
Assets:
Investments:
Money Market Funds	$	949	$	—	$	—
Mutual Funds	5,432		—		—
Corporate Debt Securities	—		1,333		—
Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities	—		7,869		—
Derivative Instruments	—		6,214		—
Total Assets	$	6,381	$	15,416	$	—

Level 1 fair value measurements are based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

The level 2 fair value measurements for government-backed and government-sponsored enterprises and corporate debt securities are determined on the basis of valuations provided by a third-party pricing service which utilizes industry accepted valuation models and observable market inputs to determine valuation. Some valuations or model inputs used by the pricing service may be based on broker quotes.

The level 2 fair value measurements for derivative instruments are determined by using inputs such as forward electric commodity prices, adjusted for location differences. These inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.

In addition to assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, we also hold financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets but for which disclosure of the fair value of these financial instruments is provided.

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The following reflects the carrying value and estimated fair value of these assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	72,987	$	72,987	$	1,537	$	1,537
Total	72,987		72,987		1,537		1,537
Liabilities:
Short-Term Debt	—		—		91,163		91,163
Long-Term Debt	823,760		679,360		763,997		878,272
Total	$	823,760	$	679,360	$	855,160	$	969,435

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash Equivalents: The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments.

Short-Term Debt: The carrying amount approximates fair value because the debt obligations are short-term and the balances outstanding are subject to variable rates of interest which reset frequently, a Level 2 fair value input.

Long-Term Debt: The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on current market indications for borrowings of similar maturities, a Level 2 fair value input.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our interim financial statements and the related notes appearing under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our annual financial statements and the related notes along with the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Otter Tail Corporation and its subsidiaries form a diverse group of businesses with operations classified into three segments: Electric, Manufacturing and Plastics. Our Electric segment business is a vertically integrated, regulated utility with generation, transmission and distribution facilities to serve our customers in western Minnesota, eastern North Dakota and northeastern South Dakota. Our Manufacturing segment provides metal fabrication for custom machine parts and metal components and manufactures extruded and thermoformed plastic products. Our Plastics segment manufactures PVC pipe for use in, among other applications, municipal and rural water, wastewater, and water reclamation projects.

STEEL AVAILABILITY AND PRICING

Steel is a key material input to BTD Manufacturing, Inc. (BTD), our metal fabrication business within our Manufacturing segment. Steel prices increased rapidly throughout 2021, peaking in the fourth quarter at historically high levels. Steel prices have been highly volatile in 2022, but began to steadily decline at the end of the second quarter and continued to decline throughout the third quarter. The increase in steel prices in the first half of 2022 led to increased sale prices for our products at BTD as we passed along material cost increases to our customers. Consistent with steel prices, scrap metal prices also increased throughout 2021 and remained elevated in the first half of 2022, positively impacting our financial results during this period, but began to decline at the end of the second quarter and declined sharply in the third quarter of 2022. We expect steel and scrap metal prices to decline modestly in the fourth quarter of 2022 and be near historical levels by the end of the year.

PVC PIPE SUPPLY AND DEMAND CONDITIONS

PVC resin is the primary material input of the PVC pipe manufactured by our Plastics segment businesses. Resin supply disruptions throughout 2021, along with robust domestic and global demand for PVC resin, led to significantly increased resin prices. Supply disruptions for resin and other additives and ingredients used in the manufacturing process also resulted in reduced manufacturing of PVC pipe and low pipe inventories across the industry. This combination of disrupted raw material supply and the resulting low PVC pipe inventories along with robust demand for PVC pipe led to rapidly increasing sale prices for PVC pipe throughout 2021 and the first half of 2022. The increase in sale prices has outpaced the increase in PVC resin costs, leading to expanding gross profit margins. Beginning in the third quarter of 2022, demand for PVC pipe began to decline as multiple, larger than anticipated, resin price reductions caused PVC pipe distributors and contractors to reduce purchase volumes in an effort to reduce inventory levels.

The unique market dynamics experienced by our Plastics segment businesses in 2021 and thus far in 2022 have resulted in a significant increase in earnings compared to prior periods. We currently expect earnings of our Plastics segment to remain elevated relative to historical levels through the end of 2022 and into 2023, but as the industry supply and demand conditions normalize we expect segment earnings to normalize beginning in 2024.

The marketplace dynamics impacting both our Manufacturing and Plastics segments are fluid and subject to change which may impact our operating results prospectively.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – QUARTER TO DATE

Provided below is a summary and discussion of our operating results on a consolidated basis followed by a discussion of the operating results of each of our segments: Electric, Manufacturing and Plastics. In addition to the segment results, we provide an overview of our Corporate costs. Our Corporate costs do not constitute a reportable segment but rather consist of unallocated general corporate expenses, such as corporate staff and overhead costs, the results of our captive insurance company and other items excluded from the measurement of segment performance. Corporate costs are added to operating segment totals to reconcile to totals on our consolidated statements of income.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS    

The following table summarizes consolidated operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Operating Revenues	$	383,856	$	316,294	$	67,562	21.4	%
Operating Expenses	267,723		241,766		25,957		10.7
Operating Income	116,133		74,528		41,605		55.8
Interest Charges	9,259		9,648		(389)		(4.0)
Nonservice Cost Components of Postretirement Benefits	(52)		505		(557)		(110.3)
Other Income (Expense)	(174)		203		(377)		(185.7)
Income Before Income Taxes	106,752		64,578		42,174		65.3
Income Tax Expense	22,513		11,824		10,689		90.4
Net Income	$	84,239	$	52,754	$	31,485	59.7	%

Operating Revenues increased $67.6 million primarily due to increases in PVC pipe sale prices within our Plastics segment and increased retail revenues within our Electric segment. PVC pipe sale prices increased due to the unique industry supply and demand dynamics described above. In our Electric segment, increased fuel recovery revenues, driven by higher fuel and purchased power costs, and increased commercial and industrial sales volumes contributed to higher operating revenues. In addition, increased sales volumes resulted in increased operating revenues in our Manufacturing segment. See our segment disclosures below for additional discussion of items impacting operating revenues.

Operating Expenses increased $26.0 million primarily due to increased purchased power and fuel costs in our Electric segment. Operating expenses in our Manufacturing segment increased primarily due to increased sales volumes. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses in our Plastics segment, due to lower sales volumes. See our segment disclosures below for additional discussion of items impacting operating expenses.

Interest Charges decreased $0.4 million due to a decrease in the interest rate on our $140.0 million of fixed-rate long-term debt that was refinanced in December 2021, and a lower level of average short-term borrowings outstanding in 2022 compared to 2021.

Nonservice Cost Components of Postretirement Benefits decreased $0.6 million primarily due to the amortization of actuarial gains resulting from the increase in the discount rates used to measure our pension benefit and postretirement benefit liabilities as of December 31, 2021.

Other Income decreased $0.4 million primarily due to investment losses on our corporate-owned life insurance policies and other investments during the third quarter of 2022 compared to investment gains in the same period of the previous year.

Income Tax Expense increased $10.7 million primarily due to increased income before income taxes. Our effective tax rate was 21.1% in the third quarter of 2022 and 18.3% in the third quarter of 2021. The increase in our effective tax rate was driven by an increase in our income before income taxes without a corresponding increase in tax credits and other permanent differences that impact our effective tax rate. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding factors impacting our effective tax rate in 2022 and 2021.

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ELECTRIC SEGMENT RESULTS

The following table summarizes Electric segment operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Retail Revenues	$	120,177	$	96,438	$	23,739	24.6	%
Transmission Services Revenues	13,156		13,300		(144)		(1.1)
Wholesale Revenues	7,196		6,944		252		3.6
Other Electric Revenues	2,218		2,093		125		6.0
Total Operating Revenues	142,747		118,775		23,972		20.2
Production Fuel	24,972		17,698		7,274		41.1
Purchased Power	19,913		9,878		10,035		101.6
Operating and Maintenance Expenses	39,799		36,465		3,334		9.1
Depreciation and Amortization	17,669		17,874		(205)		(1.1)
Property Taxes	4,438		4,474		(36)		(0.8)
Operating Income	$	35,956	$	32,386	$	3,570	11.0	%
	2022		2021		change		% change
Electric kilowatt-hour (kwh) Sales (in thousands)
Retail kwh Sales	1,275,051		1,076,580		198,471		18.4	%
Wholesale kwh Sales – Company Generation	99,890		174,187		(74,297)		(42.7)
Heating Degree Days	22		3		19		633.3
Cooling Degree Days	376		463		(87)		(18.8)

The operating results of our Electric segment are impacted by fluctuations in weather conditions and the resulting demand for electricity for heating and cooling. The following table shows heating and cooling degree days as a percent of normal for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	2022		2021
Heating Degree Days	43.1	%	5.8	%
Cooling Degree Days	108.4	%	132.7	%

The following table summarizes the estimated effect on diluted earnings per share of the difference in retail kwh sales under actual weather conditions and expected retail kwh sales under normal weather conditions in 2022 and 2021, and between years.

	2022 vs Normal		2022 vs 2021		2021 vs Normal
Effect on Diluted Earnings Per Share	$	0.01	$	(0.02)	$	0.03

Retail Revenues increased $23.7 million primarily due to the following:

•A $16.0 million increase in fuel recovery revenues due to increased production fuel and purchased power costs as described below.

•A $4.3 million increase in retail revenues from increased sales volumes from commercial and industrial customers, including the impact of a new commercial customer load in North Dakota.

•A $1.2 million decrease in consumption from the impact of unfavorable weather in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period last year.

Retail revenues in the third quarter of 2021 were negatively impacted by adjustments to our estimated interim rate refund.

Production Fuel costs increased $7.3 million primarily as a result of a 28% increase in fuel cost per kwh. Increased generation from our fuel-burning plants in the third quarter of 2022, as compared to the same period last year, also contributed to the increase in production fuel costs.

Purchased Power costs to serve retail customers increased $10.0 million due to a 45% increase in the price of purchased power per kwh, resulting from increased natural gas and market energy prices, and a 39% increase in the volume of purchased power due to increased customer demand.

Operating and Maintenance Expense increased $3.3 million primarily due to an increase in maintenance activities, including our planned outage at Coyote Station, maintenance at our wind farm facilities, and vegetation management, as well as increased transmission tariff expenses.

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MANUFACTURING SEGMENT RESULTS

The following table summarizes Manufacturing segment operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Operating Revenues	$	98,767	$	89,977	$	8,790	9.8	%
Cost of Products Sold (excluding depreciation)	77,764		70,148		7,616		10.9
Other Operating Expenses	8,627		10,161		(1,534)		(15.1)
Depreciation and Amortization	3,996		3,794		202		5.3
Operating Income	$	8,380	$	5,874	$	2,506	42.7	%

Operating Revenues increased $8.8 million primarily due to a 17% increase in sales volumes at BTD, partially offset by lower steel prices, which resulted in a $5.4 million decrease in material costs that are passed through to customers. Declines in scrap metal prices resulted in a $1.3 million decrease in scrap revenue. End market demand remains strong, however, supply chain disruptions experienced by our customers have continued to cause unpredictable shipments of our products to our customers. Increases in sales prices and volumes at T.O. Plastics, due to continued strong customer demand, also contributed to the segment increase in operating revenues.

Cost of Products Sold increased $7.6 million primarily due to higher sales volumes, as described above, as well as increased labor costs, partially offset by favorable cost absorption and decreased material costs related to lower steel prices.

Other Operating Expenses decreased $1.5 million primarily due to decreased incentive compensation costs based on current year financial performance relative to established targets.

PLASTICS SEGMENT RESULTS

The following table summarizes Plastics segment operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Operating Revenues	$	142,342	$	107,542	$	34,800	32.4	%
Cost of Products Sold (excluding depreciation)	61,597		64,064		(2,467)		(3.9)
Other Operating Expenses	3,921		3,832		89		2.3
Depreciation and Amortization	1,023		1,099		(76)		(6.9)
Operating Income	$	75,801	$	38,547	$	37,254	96.6	%

Operating Revenues increased $34.8 million due to a 57% increase in the price per pound of PVC pipe sold, as sales prices remain high due to extraordinary market conditions. Demand for PVC pipe began to soften during the third quarter as customers started to consume high priced inventory instead of buying additional PVC pipe. Sales volumes for the quarter decreased 15% due to softening customer demand.

Cost of Products Sold decreased $2.5 million primarily due to decreased sales volumes, as described above, partially offset by increased PVC resin and other input material costs, which increased 14.5% due to the market conditions described above. Resin prices in the third quarter of 2022 increased compared to the same period in the previous year, but decreased compared to the second quarter of 2022.

CORPORATE COSTS

The following table summarizes Corporate operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Other Operating Expenses	$	3,976	$	2,231	$	1,745	78.2	%
Depreciation and Amortization	28		48		(20)		(41.7)
Operating Loss	$	4,004	$	2,279	$	1,725	75.7	%

Other Operating Expenses increased $1.7 million primarily due to increased employee health care costs and increased professional service costs.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – YEAR TO DATE

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

The following table summarizes consolidated operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Operating Revenues	$	1,158,800	$	863,612	$	295,188	34.2	%
Operating Expenses	823,302		685,063		138,239		20.2
Operating Income	335,498		178,549		156,949		87.9
Interest Charges	27,198		28,601		(1,403)		(4.9)
Nonservice Cost Components of Postretirement Benefits	(824)		1,511		(2,335)		(154.5)
Other Income	(802)		2,095		(2,897)		(138.3)
Income Before Income Taxes	308,322		150,532		157,790		104.8
Income Tax Expense	66,143		25,380		40,763		160.6
Net Income	$	242,179	$	125,152	$	117,027	93.5	%

Operating Revenues increased $295.2 million primarily due to higher PVC pipe prices within our Plastics segment and increased sales volumes and material costs, which resulted in higher sales prices, in our Manufacturing segment. Increased retail revenues within our Electric segment due to increased fuel recovery revenues, increased sales volumes from commercial and industrial customers, and favorable weather impacts also contributed to the higher operating revenues in 2022. See our segment disclosures below for additional discussion of items impacting operating revenues.

Operating Expenses increased $138.2 million due to increased expenses across all three of our operating segments. Operating expenses in our Electric segment increased primarily from higher purchased power costs due to an increase in the volume and cost of purchased power, increased production fuel costs, and higher operating and maintenance expenses, due to increased planned outage maintenance costs, increased labor costs related to various maintenance activities, and increased transmission tariff expenses. Operating expenses in our Manufacturing segment increased primarily due to higher material costs, largely driven by higher steel prices and higher sales volumes at BTD. Operating expenses in our Plastics segment increased primarily due to increased PVC resin and other input costs, partially offset by decreased sales volumes. See our segment disclosures below for additional discussion of items impacting operating expenses.

Interest Charges decreased $1.4 million due to a lowering of our average interest rate on our long-term debt as a result of refinancing activity in 2021 and 2022, and a decrease in our average short-term borrowings compared to the previous year.

Nonservice Cost Components of Postretirement Benefits decreased $2.3 million primarily due to the amortization of actuarial gains resulting from the increase in the discount rates used to measure our pension benefit and postretirement benefit liabilities as of December 31, 2021.

Other Income decreased $2.9 million primarily due to investment losses on our corporate-owned life insurance policies and other investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to investment gains in the same period last year.

Income Tax Expense increased $40.8 million primarily due to increased income before income taxes. Our effective tax rate was 21.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 16.9% for the same period in the previous year. The increase in our effective tax rate was driven by an increase in our income before income taxes without a corresponding increase in tax credits and other permanent differences that impact our effective tax rate. See Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in the report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding factors impacting our effective tax rate.

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ELECTRIC SEGMENT RESULTS

The following table summarizes Electric segment operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Retail Revenues	$	347,419	$	291,130	$	56,289	19.3	%
Transmission Services Revenues	37,409		37,085		324		0.9
Wholesale Revenues	13,196		14,711		(1,515)		(10.3)
Other Electric Revenues	6,088		5,703		385		6.8
Total Operating Revenues	404,112		348,629		55,483		15.9
Production Fuel	54,538		44,576		9,962		22.3
Purchased Power	64,604		40,273		24,331		60.4
Operating and Maintenance Expenses	126,460		114,615		11,845		10.3
Depreciation and Amortization	54,441		53,335		1,106		2.1
Property Taxes	13,304		13,136		168		1.3
Operating Income	$	90,765	$	82,694	$	8,071	9.8	%
	2022		2021		change		% change
Electric kilowatt-hour (kwh) Sales (in thousands)
Retail kwh Sales	4,076,769		3,511,730		565,039		16.1	%
Wholesale kwh Sales – Company Generation	222,591		358,761		(136,170)		(38.0)
Heating Degree Days	4,559		3,614		945		26.1
Cooling Degree Days	530		700		(170)		(24.3)

The operating results of our Electric segment are impacted by fluctuations in weather conditions and the resulting demand for electricity for heating and cooling. The following table shows heating and cooling degree days as a percent of normal for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

	2022		2021
Heating Degree Days	114.0	%	89.9	%
Cooling Degree Days	113.7	%	150.9	%

The following table summarizes the estimated effect on diluted earnings per share of the difference in retail kwh sales under actual weather conditions and expected retail kwh sales under normal weather conditions in 2022 and 2021, and between years.

	2022 vs Normal		2022 vs 2021		2021 vs Normal
Effect on Diluted Earnings Per Share	$	0.08	$	0.06	$	0.02

Retail Revenues increased $56.3 million primarily due to the following:

•A $35.0 million increase in fuel recovery revenues primarily due to increased purchased power and production fuel costs, as described below, and a decrease in credits provided to retail customers from decreased margins recognized on wholesale sales.

•A $11.5 million increase in retail revenues from increased sales volumes from commercial and industrial customers, including the impact of a new commercial customer load in North Dakota.

•A $4.1 million increase in interim rate revenue due to the finalization of the interim rate refund, as approved by the MPUC in the second quarter of 2022.

•A $3.0 million increase in revenues from the favorable impact of weather in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same period last year.

Retail revenues also benefited from increased transmission, renewable and phase-in rider revenue in the first nine months of 2022. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in conservation improvement program (CIP) revenue as a result of decreased CIP spending and related cost recovery. Retail revenues in 2021 were negatively impacted by adjustments to our estimated interim rate refund.

Production Fuel costs increased $10.0 million due to a 32% increase in fuel cost per kwh, which was partially offset by a decrease in kwhs generated from our fuel-burning plants due to our planned outage at Coyote Station in 2022 and the retirement of Hoot Lake Plant in May 2021.

Purchased Power costs to serve retail customers increased $24.3 million due to a 44% increase in the volume of purchased power, resulting from the planned outage at Coyote Station, the retirement of Hoot Lake Plant and increased customer demand, and an 11% increase in the price of purchased power per kwh, resulting from increased natural gas and market energy prices.

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Operating and Maintenance Expense increased $11.8 million, primarily due the following:

•Higher maintenance costs primarily arising from our planned outage at Coyote Station and increased maintenance costs at our wind generation assets.

•Increased transmission tariff expenses.

•Higher labor costs associated with increased maintenance activities, including vegetative management and other activities.

•Increased travel costs driven by higher fuel costs for our vehicle fleet and increased travel activities.

Partially offsetting these increases were lower CIP expenses compared to the previous year and a decrease in expenses from our Minnesota rate case compared to 2021.

MANUFACTURING SEGMENT RESULTS

The following table summarizes Manufacturing segment operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Operating Revenues	$	306,921	$	250,085	$	56,836	22.7	%
Cost of Products Sold (excluding depreciation)	242,440		189,183		53,257		28.2
Other Operating Expenses	27,363		28,109		(746)		(2.7)
Depreciation and Amortization	12,101		11,395		706		6.2
Operating Income	$	25,017	$	21,398	$	3,619	16.9	%

Operating Revenues increased $56.8 million primarily due to a $35.6 million increase in material costs at BTD, which are passed through to customers, as a result of higher steel prices. Steel prices have been highly volatile in 2022 and were higher on average compared to the previous year, which resulted in increased revenues as we sold through high-priced inventory. Operating revenues also increased due to a 7.6% increase in sales volumes and price increases related to inflationary costs being experienced across the business. Increases in sales prices and volumes at T.O. Plastics, primarily due to strong customer demand in the horticulture sector, also contributed to the increase in operating revenues.

Cost of Products Sold increased $53.3 million primarily due to higher material costs and sales volumes at BTD. The increase in material cost was largely driven by increased steel prices as mentioned above. Cost of products sold at BTD was positively impacted by favorable cost absorption in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the prior year. Increased sales volumes and material costs at T.O. Plastics also contributed to the increase in cost of products sold.

PLASTICS SEGMENT RESULTS

The following table summarizes Plastics segment operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Operating Revenues	$	447,767	$	264,898	$	182,869	69.0	%
Cost of Products Sold (excluding depreciation)	201,146		169,584		31,562		18.6
Other Operating Expenses	12,225		10,450		1,775		17.0
Depreciation and Amortization	3,173		3,200		(27)		(0.8)
Operating Income	$	231,223	$	81,664	$	149,559	183.1	%

Operating Revenues increased $182.9 million, primarily due to a 83% increase in the price per pound of PVC pipe sold. As discussed above, PVC pipe sale prices increased due to strong demand for PVC pipe products, limited PVC pipe inventories, and increases in the cost of resin. Resin and other material input supply constraints negatively impacted our production volumes, which coupled with low inventory levels, impacted sales volumes, which were down 7.5% compared to the previous year.

Cost of Products Sold increased $31.6 million primarily due to increased PVC resin and other input costs, which increased 29% due to the market conditions described above, partially offset by decreased sales volumes. Labor and overhead costs also increased from the previous year.

Other Operating Expenses increased $1.8 million primarily due to increased incentive compensation costs and sales commissions, which increased as a result of increased operating revenues and earnings compared to the previous year.

CORPORATE COSTS

The following table summarizes Corporate operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021		$ change		% change
Other Operating Expenses	$	11,393	$	7,028	$	4,365	62.1	%
Depreciation and Amortization	114		179		(65)		(36.3)
Operating Loss	$	11,507	$	7,207	$	4,300	59.7	%

Other Operating Expenses increased $4.4 million primarily due to increased employee health care costs, increased professional service costs, increased incentive compensation costs based on the current year financial and operating performance, and increased travel costs.

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REGULATORY RATE MATTERS

The following provides a summary of general rate case filings, rate rider filings and other regulatory filings that have or are expected to have a material impact on our operating results, financial position or cash flows.

GENERAL RATES

Minnesota Rate Case: On November 2, 2020, OTP filed an initial request with the MPUC for an increase in revenue recoverable through base rates in Minnesota, and on December 3, 2020, the MPUC approved an interim annual rate increase of $6.9 million, or 3.2%, effective January 1, 2021.

On February 1, 2022, the MPUC issued its written order on final rates. The key provisions of the order included a revenue requirement of $209.0 million, based on a return on rate base of 7.18% and an allowed return on equity of 9.48% on an equity ratio of 52.5%. The order also authorized recovery of our remaining Hoot Lake Plant net asset over a five-year period and approved the requested decoupling mechanism for most residential and commercial customer rate groups with a cap of 4% of annual base revenues.

On May 12, 2022, OTP's final rate case compliance filing was approved by the MPUC. The filing included final revenue calculations, rate design and resulting tariff revisions, along with a determination of the interim rate refund, which resulted in an increase in revenues during the second quarter of 2022 of $4.1 million. Final rates took effect on July 1, 2022, and interim rate refunds of $15.3 million were completed in the third quarter of 2022.

RATE RIDERS

The following table includes a summary of pending and recently concluded rate rider proceedings:

Recovery			Filing	Amount		Effective
Mechanism	Jurisdiction	Status	Date	(in millions)		Date	Notes
CIP - 2022	MN	Approved	04/01/22	$	10.8	10/01/22	Includes recovery of energy conservation improvement costs as well as a demand side management financial incentive.
CIP - 2021	MN	Approved	04/01/21	9.4		12/01/21	Includes recovery of energy conservation improvement costs as well as a demand side management financial incentive.
TCR - 2021	MN	Approved	11/23/21	7.2		08/01/22	Includes recovery of two new transmission projects.
RRR - 2021	MN	Approved	12/06/21	7.0		08/01/22	Includes return on Hoot Lake Solar construction costs and costs associated with the acquisition of the Ashtabula III wind farm.
RRR - 2021	ND	Approved	03/07/21	11.8		04/01/21	Includes recovery of Merricourt investment and operating costs.
RRR - 2022	ND	Approved	01/05/22	7.8		04/01/22	Includes Merricourt recovery, the proposed purchase of Ashtabula III and credits related to deferred taxes and production tax credits.
TCR - 2022	ND	Requested	09/15/22	7.5		01/01/23	Includes recovery of three new transmission projects, one transmission rebuild project and six transmission projects related to extending the useful life of transmission assets.
TCR - 2021	ND	Approved	09/15/21	6.1		01/01/22	Includes recovery of three new transmission projects/programs.
TCR - 2020	ND	Approved	11/18/20	5.6		01/01/21	Includes recovery of eight new transmission projects.
GCR - 2021	ND	Approved	03/01/21	5.2		07/01/21	Includes recovery of Astoria Station, net of anticipated savings associated with the retirement of Hoot Lake Plant.
GCR - 2022	ND	Approved	03/01/22	3.3		07/01/22	Annual update to generation cost recovery rider.
AGI - 2022	ND	Requested	07/08/22	3.1		01/01/23	Includes recovery of the advanced metering infrastructure, outage management system and demand response projects.
PIR - 2022	SD	Approved	06/01/22	3.0		09/01/22	Includes recovery of the Ashtabula III wind farm purchase, Merricourt, Astoria Station, and the Advanced Grid Infrastructure project, as well as load growth credits.
TCR - 2020	SD	Approved	01/29/20	2.3		03/02/20	Annual update to transmission cost recovery rider.
TCR - 2022	SD	Approved	10/29/21	2.2		03/01/22	Annual update to transmission cost recovery rider.
TCR - 2021	SD	Approved	02/19/21	2.2		03/01/21	Includes recovery of two new transmission projects.

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Energy Adjustment Rider: On October 20, 2022, OTP filed supplemental comments in the Minnesota 2023 Energy Adjustment Rider (EAR) docket. As part of this filing, OTP proposed to refund the Minnesota portion of capacity auction revenues (see below for further details) through this rider and proposed a mechanism to address load reallocation due to the impact of a recent load addition in North Dakota. The filing proposed an assessment in 2022 and 2023 to determine whether actual, weather normalized earnings, as measured based on ROE, including the crediting of capacity auction revenues, are above or below our authorized ROE in Minnesota (9.48%). Under our proposal, should OTP under or over earn its authorized ROE, an adjustment to recover amounts from, or refund amounts to, Minnesota customers would be effectuated through the EAR. OTP proposed three ROE ranges above or below the allowed ROE for which a surcharge or refund would be calculated, including a 20 basis point range in which no surcharge or refund would be assessed, a 21 to 100 basis point range in which 50% of the over or under earning in this range would be collected from or refunded to customers, and a range above 100 basis points in which 100% of the over or under earning in this range would be collected from or refunded to customers. Our proposal is still pending before the MPUC. Should our proposal be accepted without modification, as of September 30, 2022, we estimated no refund or surcharge would be assessed under the requested mechanism.

MISO CAPACITY AUCTION

OTP offered 88 megawatts of excess capacity into the annual MISO planning resource auction for the period June 2022 through May 2023. As a result of a capacity shortage in the MISO region, capacity prices cleared the auction at maximum pricing. As a result, the 88 megawatts of auctioned capacity will generate approximately $9.3 million of net capacity auction revenues over the twelve month period beginning in June 2022. Through September 30, 2022, OTP has received approximately $2.9 million of excess capacity auction revenues. We anticipate a portion of the capacity auction revenues will be used to mitigate customer rate increases or returned to customers through various mechanisms in each jurisdiction.

INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLAN

On September 1, 2021, OTP filed its 2022 Integrated Resource Plan (2022 IRP) concurrently with regulators in the three states where OTP operates, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. The 2022 IRP included OTP’s preferred plan for meeting customers’ anticipated capacity and energy needs while maintaining system reliability and low electric service rates.

The components of OTP's preferred plan include:

–the addition of dual fuel capability at our Astoria Station natural gas plant;

–the addition of 150 megawatts of solar generation in 2025;

–the addition of 100 megawatts of wind generation in 2027;

–the commencement of the process of withdrawing from our 35 percent ownership interest in Coyote Station, a jointly owned, coal-fired generation plant, by December 31, 2028; and

–the addition of 50 megawatts of solar generation in 2033.

Although the 2022 IRP includes planned actions beyond 2026, regulators will not act on or approve planned actions in periods beyond 2026 as part of our 2022 IRP filing.

Subject to regulatory approval, the preferred plan proposes to create a regulatory asset as a vehicle to recover costs related to a future withdrawal from Coyote Station, including the net book value of the plant on the withdrawal date, anticipated decommissioning costs and any required costs incurred as a result of an early termination of the existing lignite sales agreement, under which Coyote Station acquires all of its lignite coal from a nearby mine. As part of the filing, OTP developed an estimate of the reasonably foreseeable costs of withdrawing from Coyote Station at the end of 2028 of $68.5 million. These costs may differ from actual results due to the uncertainty and timing of future events associated with the terms and conditions of a withdrawal.

On October 14, 2022, OTP submitted a supplemental filing to update its 2022 IRP, requesting the procedural schedule in Minnesota be amended to allow for additional time to update our resource modeling given significant changes in the energy industry since the original 2022 IRP filing, while maintaining the original procedural schedule as it relates to adding dual fuel capability at Astoria Station. Our original filing proposed fuel oil as the secondary on-site fuel at Astoria Station and our supplemental filing reflects revised cost estimates and liquified natural gas as the most cost-effective secondary fuel source. The recent changes which led to our request include FERC’s approval of MISO’s new seasonal resource adequacy construct, MISO’s proposal to significantly increase winter and spring planning reserve margins, and enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act. On November 1, 2022, the MPUC approved OTP's requested changes to the procedural schedule for the 2022 IRP. OTP plans to file an updated resource plan in March 2023, as approved under the amended schedule. In conjunction with the updated resource plan, OTP's preferred plan could change based on the results of the updated resource modeling incorporating the factors listed above, as well as other changes. A change to the preferred plan could ultimately impact the nature, timing and amount of future capital investments, as well as the potential for OTP's withdrawal from Coyote Station. A notice of the request submitted to the MPUC was also provided to the North Dakota Public Service Commission and South Dakota Public Utilities Commission.

LIQUIDITY

LIQUIDITY OVERVIEW

We believe our financial condition is strong and our cash and cash equivalents, other liquid assets, operating cash flows, existing lines of credit, access to capital markets and borrowing ability, because of investment-grade credit ratings, when taken together provide us ample liquidity to conduct our business operations, fund our short-term and long-term capital expenditure plans and satisfy our obligations as they become due. Our liquidity, including our operating cash flows and access to capital markets, can be impacted by macroeconomic factors outside of our control, including higher interest rates and debt capital costs and diminished credit availability. In addition, our liquidity could be impacted by non-

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compliance with certain financial covenants under our various debt instruments. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all financial covenants (see the Financial Covenants section under Capital Resources below).

The following table presents the status of our lines of credit as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

			2022						2021
(in thousands)	Borrowing Limit		Amount Outstanding		Letters of Credit		Amount Available		Amount Available
OTC Credit Agreement	$	170,000	$	—	$	—	$	170,000	$	147,363
OTP Credit Agreement	170,000		—		9,919		160,081		88,315
Total	$	340,000	$	—	$	9,919	$	330,081	$	235,678

We have an internal risk tolerance metric to maintain a minimum of $50 million of liquidity under the OTC Credit Agreement. Should additional liquidity be needed, this agreement includes an accordion feature allowing us to increase the amount available to $290 million, subject to certain terms and conditions. The OTP Credit Agreement also includes an accordion feature allowing OTP to increase that facility to $250 million, subject to certain terms and conditions.

CASH FLOWS

The following is a discussion of our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	$	287,973	$	154,752

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities increased $133.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due primarily to the $117.0 million increase in net income, largely due to increased earnings from our Plastics segment, and a lower level of working capital needs in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the prior year.

(in thousands)	2022		2021
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	$	127,556	$	117,084

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities increased $10.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a higher amount of Electric segment capital investment compared to last year.

(in thousands)	2022		2021
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities	$	88,967	$	37,559

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities increased $51.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included the issuance of $90.0 million of long-term debt at OTP, which was used to repay $30.0 million of long-term debt that matured in August 2022, to repay short-term borrowings, fund capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, also included net repayments of short-term borrowings of $91.2 million and dividend payments of $51.6 million. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included net proceeds from short-term borrowings of $16.9 million and dividend payments of $48.6 million.

CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

We have a capital expenditure program for expanding, upgrading and improving our plants and operating equipment. Typical uses of cash for capital expenditures are investments in electric generation facilities and environmental upgrades, transmission and distribution lines, manufacturing facilities and upgrades, equipment used in the manufacturing process, and computer hardware and information systems. Our capital expenditure program is subject to review and regulatory approval and is revised in light of changes in demands for energy, technology, environmental laws, regulatory changes, business expansion opportunities, the costs of labor, materials and equipment and our financial condition.

We have updated our capital expenditure plans in our Electric segment in light of recent changes in the energy industry and recent regulatory actions, including FERC’s approval of MISO’s new seasonal resource adequacy construct, MISO’s proposal to significantly increase winter and spring planning reserve margins, MISO's approval of certain projects as part of its long-range transmission plan, and the enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act. The significant changes to our anticipated capital investments over the next five years include additional investment in multiple transmission projects, the modification of investments in wind generation, including the incorporation of wind repowering into our current capital investment plan, and a reduction in planned solar generation. The table below reflects these changes, as well as all other currently anticipated capital investments over the next five years in our Electric, Manufacturing, and Plastics segments.

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The following provides a summary of actual capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2021, anticipated annual capital expenditures for the current year ending December 31, 2022, and anticipated capital expenditures for the next five years, along with electric utility average rate base and annual rate base growth:

(in millions)	2021		2022(1)			2023			2024			2025			2026			2027			Total 2023 - 2027
Electric Segment:
Renewables and Natural Gas Generation			$	33		$	88		$	119		$	88		$	79		$	10		$	384
Technology and Infrastructure			9			33			30			6			5			1			75
Distribution Plant Replacements			40			33			37			38			38			43			189
Transmission (includes replacements)			38			34			36			46			87			78			281
Other			30			26			25			30			25			22			128
Total Electric Segment	$	140	$	150		$	214		$	247		$	208		$	234		$	154		$	1,057
Manufacturing and Plastics Segments	32		34			48			53			29			25			24			179
Total Capital Expenditures	$	172	$	184		$	262		$	300		$	237		$	259		$	178		$	1,236
Total Electric Utility Average Rate Base	$	1,575	$	1,620		$	1,750		$	1,850		$	1,990		$	2,110		$	2,210
Annual Rate Base Growth			2.9		%	8.0		%	5.7		%	7.6		%	6.0		%	4.7		%
(1) Includes actual results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and anticipated capital expenditures for the fourth quarter of 2022.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Our contractual obligations primarily include principal and interest payments due under our outstanding debt obligations, commitments to acquire coal, energy and capacity commitments, payments to meet our postretirement benefit obligations, and payment obligations under land easements and leasing arrangements.

On June 23, 2022, OTP exercised its option to acquire the Ashtabula III wind farm, a 62.4 megawatt wind farm located in eastern North Dakota, for $49.7 million, subject to certain closing adjustments. The purchase has received regulatory approval. We anticipate the transaction will close, subject to certain customary closing conditions, in January 2023.

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021 are included in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Except for the Ashtabula III wind farm purchase described above, there were no material changes in our contractual obligations outside of the ordinary course of our business during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2022, we have outstanding letters of credit totaling $13.0 million, a portion of which reduces our borrowing capacity under our lines of credit. No outstanding letters of credit are reflected in outstanding short-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. We do not have any other off-balance sheet arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition. These entities are often referred to as structured finance special purpose entities or variable interest entities, which are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes. We are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had such relationships.

COMMON STOCK DIVIDENDS

We paid dividends to our common stockholders totaling $51.6 million, or $1.2375 per share, in the first nine months of 2022. The determination of the amount of future cash dividends to be paid will depend on, among other things, our financial condition, our actual or expected level of earnings and cash flows from operations, the level of our capital expenditures and our future business prospects. As a result of certain statutory limitations or regulatory or financing agreements, the amount of dividends we are allowed to pay could be restricted. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information. The decision to declare a dividend is reviewed quarterly by our Board of Directors.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Financial flexibility is provided by operating cash flows, unused lines of credit and access to capital markets, which is aided by strong financial coverages and investment grade credit ratings. Debt financing will be required in the five-year period from 2022 through 2026 to refinance maturing debt and to finance our capital investments. Our financing plans are subject to change and are impacted by our planned level of capital investments, and decisions to reduce borrowings under our lines of credit, to refund or retire early any of our outstanding debt, to complete acquisitions, or to use capital for other corporate purposes.

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REGISTRATION STATEMENTS

On May 3, 2021, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC under which we may offer for sale, from time to time, either separately or together in any combination, equity, debt or other securities described in the shelf registration statement. No new debt or equity has been issued pursuant to the registration statement. The registration statement expires in May 2024.

On May 3, 2021, we filed a second registration statement with the SEC for the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares under an Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan, which provides shareholders, retail customers of OTP and other interested investors methods of purchasing our common shares by reinvesting their dividends or making optional cash investments. Shares purchased under the plan may be newly issued common shares or common shares purchased on the open market. As of September 30, 2022, there were 1,287,774 shares available for purchase or issuance under the plan. The registration statement expires in May 2024.

SHORT-TERM DEBT

OTC and OTP are each party to a credit agreement (the OTC Credit Agreement and OTP Credit Agreement, respectively) which each provide for unsecured revolving lines of credit. The following is a summary of key provisions and borrowing information as of, and for the nine months ended, September 30, 2022:

(in thousands, except interest rates)	OTC Credit Agreement			OTP Credit Agreement
Borrowing Limit	$	170,000		$	170,000
Borrowing Limit if Accordion Exercised1	290,000			250,000
Amount Restricted Due to Outstanding Letters of Credit as of September 30, 2022	—			9,919
Amount Outstanding as of September 30, 2022	—			—
Average Amount Outstanding During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	15,625			30,235
Maximum Amount Outstanding During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	58,715			74,519
Interest Rate as of September 30, 2022	4.64		%	4.39		%
Maturity Date	September 30, 2026			September 30, 2026
1Each facility includes an accordion featuring allowing the borrower to increase the borrowing limit if certain terms and conditions are met.

On October 31, 2022, OTC entered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and OTP entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, in each case amending and restating the previously existing credit agreements to extend the maturity date of each agreement from September 30, 2026 to October 29, 2027 and to replace LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate with the Secured Overnight Finance Rate (SOFR). The adoption of SOFR as a benchmark interest rate is in advance of the scheduled elimination of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate on June 30, 2023. We do not expect this change in benchmark interest rates will have a material impact on our operating results or cash flows. No other significant terms or conditions, including borrowing capacity, credit spreads or financial covenants, were modified under these amendments and restatements.

LONG-TERM DEBT

As of September 30, 2022, we had $827.0 million of principal outstanding under long-term debt arrangements. These instruments generally provide for unsecured borrowings at fixed rates of interest with maturities ranging from 2026 to 2052. Pursuant to a Note Purchase Agreement executed in June 2021, OTP issued its Series 2022A Notes due May 20, 2052, in May 2022 for aggregate proceeds of $90.0 million, a portion of which was used to repay the $30.0 million Series 2007B Notes at their maturity in August 2022.

Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes additional information regarding these short-term and long-term debt instruments.

Financial Covenants

Certain of our short- and long-term debt agreements require OTC and OTP to maintain certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with these financial covenants as further described below:

OTC, under its financial covenants, may not permit its ratio of interest-bearing debt to total capitalization to exceed 0.60 to 1.00, may not permit its interest and dividend coverage ratio to be less than 1.50 to 1.00, and may not permit its priority indebtedness to exceed 10 percent of its total capitalization. As of September 30, 2022, OTC's interest-bearing debt to total capitalization was 0.41 to 1.00, OTC's interest and dividend coverage ratio was 11.37 to 1.00, and OTC had no priority indebtedness outstanding.

OTP, under its financial covenants, may not permit its ratio of debt to total capitalization to exceed 0.60 to 1.00, may not permit its interest and dividend coverage ratio to be less than 1.50 to 1.00, and may not permit its priority debt to exceed 20 percent of its total capitalization. As of September 30, 2022, OTP's interest-bearing debt to total capitalization was 0.45 to 1.00, OTP's interest and dividend coverage ratio was 3.65 to 1.00, and OTP had no priority indebtedness outstanding.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES INVOLVING SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our results of operations are based on financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Certain of our accounting policies require management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the

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preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We have disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 the critical accounting policies that affect our most significant estimates and assumptions used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in the most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in our market risk from those disclosed in Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)) as of September 30, 2022, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are the subject of various legal and regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and to outcomes that are not predictable with assurance. We record a liability in our consolidated financial statements for costs related to claims, including future legal costs, settlements and judgments, where we have assessed that a loss is probable, and an amount can be reasonably estimated. Material proceedings are described under Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements, and in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Regulatory Rate Matters.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following Exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report.

No.	Description
10.1	—Fifth Amended And Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2022, by and between Otter Tail Corporation, as Borrower, and the banks named therein, with U.S. Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by Otter Tail Corporation on November 1, 2022)
10.2	—Fourth Amended And Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2022, by and between Otter Tail Power Company, as Borrower, and the banks named therein, with U.S. Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed by Otter Tail Corporation on November 1, 2022)
31.1	—Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	—Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	—Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	—Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.SCH	—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104	—Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

OTTER TAIL CORPORATION
By:	/s/ Kevin G. Moug
	Kevin G. Moug Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)
	Dated: November 2, 2022

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Charles S. MacFarlane, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Otter Tail Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 2, 2022

/s/ Charles S. MacFarlane

Charles S. MacFarlane

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Kevin G. Moug, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Otter Tail Corporation;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 2, 2022

/s/ Kevin G. Moug

Kevin G. Moug

Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Otter Tail Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Charles S. MacFarlane, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Charles S. MacFarlane

Charles S. MacFarlane

President and Chief Executive Officer

November 2, 2022

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Otter Tail Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kevin G. Moug, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Kevin G. Moug

Kevin G. Moug

Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President

November 2, 2022

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Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Oct. 25, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-53713
Entity Registrant Name	OTTER TAIL CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MN
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-0383995
Entity Address, Address Line One	215 South Cascade Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Box 496
Entity Address, City or Town	Fergus Falls
Entity Address, State or Province	MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	56538-0496
City Area Code	866
Local Phone Number	410-8780
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Shares, par value $5.00 per share
Trading Symbol	OTTR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		41,630,952
Entity Central Index Key	0001466593
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Assets
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 72,987	$ 1,537
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses	193,797	174,953
Inventories	146,376	148,490
Regulatory Assets	29,921	27,342
Other Current Assets	17,412	17,032
Total Current Assets	460,493	369,354
Noncurrent Assets
Investments	52,966	56,690
Property, Plant and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	2,186,643	2,124,605
Regulatory Assets	116,593	125,508
Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization	8,218	9,044
Goodwill	37,572	37,572
Other Noncurrent Assets	35,419	32,057
Total Noncurrent Assets	2,437,411	2,385,476
Total Assets	2,897,904	2,754,830
Current Liabilities
Short-Term Debt	0	91,163
Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt	0	29,983
Accounts Payable	121,995	135,089
Accrued Salaries and Wages	27,454	31,704
Accrued Taxes	25,635	19,245
Regulatory Liabilities	21,114	24,844
Other Current Liabilities	45,655	55,671
Total Current Liabilities	241,853	387,699
Noncurrent Liabilities
Pension Benefit Liability	50,489	73,973
Other Postretirement Benefits Liability	67,352	66,481
Regulatory Liabilities	240,545	234,430
Deferred Income Taxes	212,838	188,268
Deferred Tax Credits	16,102	16,661
Other Noncurrent Liabilities	60,942	62,527
Total Noncurrent Liabilities	648,268	642,340
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Capitalization
Long-Term Debt, net of current maturities	823,760	734,014
Shareholders' Equity
Common Shares: 50,000,000 shares authorized, $5 par value; 41,630,952 and 41,551,524 outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	208,155	207,758
Additional Paid-In Capital	422,448	419,760
Retained Earnings	560,398	369,783
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(6,978)	(6,524)
Total Shareholders' Equity	1,184,023	990,777
Total Capitalization	2,007,783	1,724,791
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$ 2,897,904	$ 2,754,830

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Shareholders' Equity
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 5	$ 5
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	41,630,952	41,551,524

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Operating Revenues
Total Operating Revenues	$ 383,856	$ 316,294	$ 1,158,800	$ 863,612
Operating Expenses
Electric Production Fuel	24,972	17,698	54,538	44,576
Electric Purchased Power	19,913	9,878	64,604	40,273
Electric Operating and Maintenance Expenses	39,799	36,465	126,460	114,615
Cost of Products Sold (excluding depreciation)	139,361	134,212	443,586	358,767
Other Nonelectric Expenses	16,524	16,224	50,981	45,587
Depreciation and Amortization	22,716	22,815	69,829	68,109
Electric Property Taxes	4,438	4,474	13,304	13,136
Total Operating Expenses	267,723	241,766	823,302	685,063
Operating Income	116,133	74,528	335,498	178,549
Other Income and Expense
Interest Charges	9,259	9,648	27,198	28,601
Nonservice Cost Components of Postretirement Benefits	(52)	505	(824)	1,511
Other Income (Expense), net	(174)	203	(802)	2,095
Income Before Income Taxes	106,752	64,578	308,322	150,532
Income Tax Expense	22,513	11,824	66,143	25,380
Net Income	$ 84,239	$ 52,754	$ 242,179	$ 125,152
Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	41,600	41,504	41,582	41,487
Diluted (in shares)	41,974	41,869	41,930	41,795
Earnings Per Share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.02	$ 1.27	$ 5.82	$ 3.02
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.01	$ 1.26	$ 5.78	$ 2.99
Electric
Operating Revenues
Total Operating Revenues	$ 142,747	$ 118,775	$ 404,112	$ 348,629
Product Sales
Operating Revenues
Total Operating Revenues	$ 241,109	$ 197,519	$ 754,688	$ 514,983

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 84,239	$ 52,754	$ 242,179	$ 125,152
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale Securities, net of tax benefit of $46, $7, $127, and $27	(171)	(26)	(476)	(101)
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits, net of tax expense of $(37), $(51), $(8), and $(154)	106	146	22	437
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(65)	120	(454)	336
Total Comprehensive Income	$ 84,174	$ 52,874	$ 241,725	$ 125,488

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities, tax benefit	$ 46	$ 7	$ 127	$ 27
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan, tax benefit (expense)	$ (37)	$ (51)	$ (8)	$ (154)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Shares	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance, shares (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		41,469,879
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 870,966	$ 207,349	$ 414,246	$ 257,878	$ (8,507)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes (in shares)		70,105
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	(1,614)	$ 351	(1,965)
Stock Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plans, net of expenses and repurchased shares	(67)		(67)
Net Income	125,152			125,152
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	336				336
Stock Compensation Expense	6,354		6,354
Common Dividends	(48,645)			(48,645)
Ending balance, shares (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		41,539,984
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021	952,482	$ 207,700	418,568	334,385	(8,171)
Beginning balance, shares (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021		41,538,709
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2021	915,123	$ 207,694	417,870	297,850	(8,291)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes (in shares)		1,275
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	(126)	$ 6	(132)
Net Income	52,754			52,754
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	120				120
Stock Compensation Expense	830		830
Common Dividends	(16,219)			(16,219)
Ending balance, shares (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		41,539,984
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2021	$ 952,482	$ 207,700	418,568	334,385	(8,171)
Beginning balance, shares (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	41,551,524	41,551,524
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 990,777	$ 207,758	419,760	369,783	(6,524)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes (in shares)		79,428
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	(2,924)	$ 397	(3,321)
Stock Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plans, net of expenses and repurchased shares	(132)		(132)
Net Income	242,179			242,179
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(454)				(454)
Stock Compensation Expense	6,141		6,141
Common Dividends	$ (51,564)			(51,564)
Ending balance, shares (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	41,630,952	41,630,952
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,184,023	$ 208,155	422,448	560,398	(6,978)
Beginning balance, shares (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		41,630,799
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	1,116,543	$ 208,154	421,951	493,351	(6,913)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes (in shares)		153
Stock Issued Under Share-Based Compensation Plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock Issued Under Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plans, net of expenses and repurchased shares	(132)		(132)
Net Income	84,239			84,239
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(65)				(65)
Stock Compensation Expense	630		630
Common Dividends	$ (17,192)			(17,192)
Ending balance, shares (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	41,630,952	41,630,952
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 1,184,023	$ 208,155	$ 422,448	$ 560,398	$ (6,978)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common Dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 0.4125	$ 0.39	$ 1.2375	$ 1.17

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Operating Activities
Net Income	$ 242,179	$ 125,152
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Depreciation and Amortization	69,829	68,109
Deferred Tax Credits	(558)	(558)
Deferred Income Taxes	23,648	18,835
Discretionary Contribution to Pension Plan	(20,000)	(10,000)
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction	(938)	(427)
Stock Compensation Expense	6,141	6,354
Other, Net	5,477	(2,747)
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:
Receivables	(18,845)	(64,800)
Inventories	3,632	(22,450)
Regulatory Assets	170	5,301
Other Assets	1,789	(18,708)
Accounts Payable	(10,681)	30,921
Accrued and Other Liabilities	(13,970)	12,027
Regulatory Liabilities	(1,208)	2,350
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits	1,308	5,393
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	287,973	154,752
Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures	(123,227)	(117,312)
Proceeds from Disposal of Noncurrent Assets	3,803	5,819
Cash Used for Investments and Other Assets	(8,132)	(5,591)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(127,556)	(117,084)
Financing Activities
Net Borrowings (Repayments) on Short-Term Debt	(91,163)	16,860
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-Term Debt	90,000	0
Payments for Retirement of Long-Term Debt	(30,000)	(169)
Dividends Paid	(51,564)	(48,645)
Payments for Shares Withheld for Employee Tax Obligations	(2,942)	(1,633)
Other, net	(3,298)	(3,972)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities	(88,967)	(37,559)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	71,450	109
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	1,537	1,163
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$ 72,987	$ 1,272

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Overview

Otter Tail Corporation (OTC) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company", "us", "our" or "we") form a diverse, multi-platform business consisting of a vertically integrated, regulated utility with generation, transmission and distribution facilities complemented by manufacturing businesses providing metal fabrication for custom machine parts and metal components, manufacturing of extruded and thermoformed plastic products, and manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe products. We classify our business into three segments: Electric, Manufacturing and Plastics.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles. In the opinion of management, we have included all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements and condensed notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Because of the seasonality of our businesses and other factors, the earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 should not be taken as an indication of earnings for all or any part of the balance of the current year or as an indication of earnings for future years.

Use of Estimates

We use estimates based on the best information available in recording transactions and balances resulting from business operations. As better information becomes available or actual amounts are known, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders' equity and consolidated statements of cash flows to maintain consistency and comparability between periods presented. The reclassifications had no impact on previously reported shareholders' equity, net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities, net cash used in financing activities, or cash and cash equivalents.

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

We classify our business into three segments, Electric, Manufacturing and Plastics, consistent with our business strategy, organizational structure and our internal reporting and review processes used by our chief operating decision maker to make decisions regarding allocation of resources, to assess operating performance and to make strategic decisions.

Certain assets and costs are not allocated to our operating segments. Corporate operating costs include items such as corporate staff and overhead costs, the results of our captive insurance company and other items excluded from the measurement of operating segment performance. Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, investments and fixed assets. Corporate is not an operating segment, rather it is added to operating segment totals to reconcile to consolidated amounts.

Information for each segment and our unallocated corporate costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenue
Electric	$	142,747	$	118,775	$	404,112	$	348,629
Manufacturing	98,767		89,977		306,921		250,085
Plastics	142,342		107,542		447,767		264,898
Total	$	383,856	$	316,294	$	1,158,800	$	863,612
Net Income (Loss)
Electric	$	24,847	$	22,528	$	62,938	$	55,547
Manufacturing	6,219		4,200		17,858		15,290
Plastics	55,982		28,410		170,788		60,102
Corporate	(2,809)		(2,384)		(9,405)		(5,787)
Total	$	84,239	$	52,754	$	242,179	$	125,152

The following provides the identifiable assets by segment and corporate assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Identifiable Assets
Electric	$	2,347,461	$	2,283,776
Manufacturing	253,819		251,044
Plastics	179,925		162,565
Corporate	116,699		57,445
Total	$	2,897,904	$	2,754,830

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Presented below are our operating revenues to external customers, in total and by amounts arising from contracts with customers and alternative revenue program (ARP) arrangements, disaggregated by revenue source and segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenues
Electric Segment
Retail: Residential	$	35,122	$	33,902	$	108,883	$	100,067
Retail: Commercial and Industrial	83,022		60,557		232,532		185,376
Retail: Other	2,033		1,979		6,004		5,687
Total Retail	120,177		96,438		347,419		291,130
Transmission	13,156		13,300		37,409		37,085
Wholesale	7,196		6,944		13,196		14,711
Other	2,218		2,093		6,088		5,703
Total Electric Segment	142,747		118,775		404,112		348,629
Manufacturing Segment
Metal Parts and Tooling	84,054		76,455		261,923		210,141
Plastic Products and Tooling	12,723		10,198		36,584		30,624
Scrap Metal Sales	1,990		3,324		8,414		9,320
Total Manufacturing Segment	98,767		89,977		306,921		250,085
Plastics Segment
PVC Pipe	142,342		107,542		447,767		264,898
Total Operating Revenue	383,856		316,294		1,158,800		863,612
Less: Non-contract Revenues Included Above
Electric Segment - ARP Revenues	(548)		(33)		(7,937)		(2,790)
Total Operating Revenues from Contracts with Customers	$	384,404	$	316,327	$	1,166,737	$	866,402

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Select Balance Sheet Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Select Balance Sheet Information

Select Balance Sheet Information

Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Receivables as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Receivables
Trade	$	167,480	$	142,297
Other	9,052		10,591
Unbilled Receivables	18,813		23,901
Total Receivables	195,345		176,789
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,548)		(1,836)
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses	$	193,797	$	174,953

The following is a summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	1,836	$	3,215
Additions Charged to Expense	518		177
Reductions for Amounts Written Off, Net of Recoveries	(806)		(1,060)
Ending Balance, September 30	$	1,548	$	2,332

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Raw Material, Fuel and Supplies	$	74,249	$	72,882
Work in Process	33,765		35,705
Finished Goods	38,362		39,903
Total Inventories	$	146,376	$	148,490

Investments

The following is a summary of our investments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance Policies	$	37,288	$	41,078
Debt Securities	8,710		9,202
Money Market Funds	1,854		949
Mutual Funds	5,084		5,432
Other Investments	30		29
Total Investments	$	52,966	$	56,690

The amount of unrealized gains and losses on debt securities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was not material and no unrealized losses were deemed to be other-than-temporary. In addition, the amount of unrealized gains and losses on marketable equity securities still held as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was not material.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Major classes of property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Electric Plant
Electric Plant in Service	$	2,795,649	$	2,758,445
Construction Work in Progress	130,486		74,926
Total Gross Electric Plant	2,926,135		2,833,371
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	850,741		817,302
Net Electric Plant	2,075,394		2,016,069
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment in Service	281,584		273,950
Construction Work in Progress	20,746		16,611
Total Gross Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment	302,330		290,561
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	191,081		182,025
Net Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment	111,249		108,536
Net Property, Plant and Equipment	$	2,186,643	$	2,124,605

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Regulatory Matters

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Regulatory Matters

Regulatory Matters

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

The following presents our current and long-term regulatory assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the period we expect to recover or refund such amounts:

	Period of	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Recovery/Refund	Current		Long-Term		Current		Long Term
Regulatory Assets
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans1	Various	$	7,791	$	110,183	$	7,791	$	114,961
Alternative Revenue Program Riders2	Up to 2 years	7,528		1,988		11,889		5,564
Asset Retirement Obligations1	Asset lives	—		1,323		—		742
ISO Cost Recovery Trackers1	Up to 2 years	660		740		—		1,342
Unrecovered Project Costs1	Up to 5 years	320		1,063		2,136		1,455
Deferred Rate Case Expenses1	Various	412		848		607		1,131
Debt Reacquisition Premiums1	10 years	25		222		100		240
Fuel Clause Adjustments1	Up to 1 year	13,185		—		4,819		—
Other1	Various	—		226		—		73
Total Regulatory Assets		$	29,921	$	116,593	$	27,342	$	125,508
Regulatory Liabilities
Deferred Income Taxes	Asset lives	$	—	$	128,397	$	—	$	129,437
Plant Removal Obligations	Asset lives	8,526		106,008		8,306		101,595
Fuel Clause Adjustments	Up to 1 year	—		—		1,554		—
Alternative Revenue Program Riders	Various	4,178		6,048		5,772		3,336
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	Up to 1 year	2,603		—		2,603		—
Derivative Instruments	Various	5,532		—		6,214		—
Other	Various	275		92		395		62
Total Regulatory Liabilities		$	21,114	$	240,545	$	24,844	$	234,430
1Costs subject to recovery without a rate of return.
2Amount eligible for recovery includes an incentive or rate of return.

Minnesota Rate Case

On November 2, 2020, Otter Tail Power Company (OTP) filed an initial request with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (MPUC) for an increase in revenue recoverable through base rates in Minnesota, and on December 3, 2020, the MPUC approved an interim annual rate increase of $6.9 million, or 3.2%, effective January 1, 2021.

On February 1, 2022, the MPUC issued its written order on final rates. The key provisions of the order included a revenue requirement of $209.0 million, based on a return on rate base of 7.18% and an allowed return on equity of 9.48% on an equity ratio of 52.5%. The order also authorized recovery of our remaining Hoot Lake Plant net asset over a five-year period and approved the requested decoupling mechanism for most residential and commercial customer rate groups with a cap of 4% of annual base revenues.

On May 12, 2022, OTP's final rate case compliance filing was approved by the MPUC. The filing included final revenue calculations, rate design and resulting tariff revisions, along with a determination of the interim rate refund, which resulted in an increase in revenues during the second quarter of 2022 of $4.1 million. Final rates took effect on July 1, 2022, and interim rate refunds of $15.3 million were applied to customer accounts in the third quarter of 2022.

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Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings

Short-Term and Long-Term BorrowingsThe following is a summary of our outstanding short- and long-term borrowings by borrower, OTC or OTP, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Short-Term Debt

The following is a summary of our lines of credit as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

			September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Borrowing Limit		Amount Outstanding		Letters of Credit		Amount Available		Amount Available
OTC Credit Agreement	$	170,000	$	—	$	—	$	170,000	$	147,363
OTP Credit Agreement	170,000		—		9,919		160,081		88,315
Total	$	340,000	$	—	$	9,919	$	330,081	$	235,678

On October 31, 2022, OTC entered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and OTP entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, in each case amending and restating the previously existing credit agreements to extend the maturity date of each credit facility from September 30, 2026 to October 29, 2027, and to replace LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate with the Secured Overnight Finance Rate (SOFR). The adoption of SOFR as a benchmark interest rate is in advance of the scheduled elimination of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate on June 30, 2023. No other significant terms or conditions, including borrowing capacity, credit spreads or financial covenants, were modified under these amendments and restatements.

Long-Term Debt

The following is a summary of outstanding long-term debt by borrower as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: 

					(in thousands)
Borrower		Debt Instrument	Rate	Maturity	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
OTC		Guaranteed Senior Notes	3.55%	12/15/26	$	80,000	$	80,000
OTP		Series 2007B Senior Unsecured Notes	6.15%	08/20/22	—		30,000
OTP		Series 2007C Senior Unsecured Notes	6.37%	08/02/27	42,000		42,000
OTP		Series 2013A Senior Unsecured Notes	4.68%	02/27/29	60,000		60,000
OTP		Series 2019A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.07%	10/10/29	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2020A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.22%	02/25/30	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2020B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.22%	08/20/30	40,000		40,000
OTP		Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes	2.74%	11/29/31	40,000		40,000
OTP		Series 2007D Senior Unsecured Notes	6.47%	08/20/37	50,000		50,000
OTP		Series 2019B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.52%	10/10/39	26,000		26,000
OTP		Series 2020C Senior Unsecured Notes	3.62%	02/25/40	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2013B Senior Unsecured Notes	5.47%	02/27/44	90,000		90,000
OTP		Series 2018A Senior Unsecured Notes	4.07%	02/07/48	100,000		100,000
OTP		Series 2019C Senior Unsecured Notes	3.82%	10/10/49	64,000		64,000
OTP		Series 2020D Senior Unsecured Notes	3.92%	02/25/50	15,000		15,000
OTP		Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.69%	11/29/51	100,000		100,000
OTP		Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.77%	05/20/52	90,000		—
Total					$	827,000	$	767,000
Less:	Current Maturities, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs				—		29,983
	Unamortized Long-Term Debt Issuance Costs				3,240		3,003
Total Long-Term Debt, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs					$	823,760	$	734,014

On June 10, 2021, OTP entered into a Note Purchase Agreement pursuant to which OTP agreed to issue, in a private placement transaction, $230.0 million of senior unsecured notes consisting of (a) $40.0 million of 2.74% Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes due November 29, 2031, (b) $100.0 million of 3.69% Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes due November 29, 2051 and (c) $90.0 million of 3.77% Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes due May 20, 2052. In November 2021, OTP issued its Series 2021A and Series 2021B Notes for aggregate proceeds of $140.0 million, which were used to repay the Series 2011A Notes in full. In May 2022, OTP issued its Series 2022A Notes for proceeds of $90.0 million, which were used to repay the Series 2007B Senior Unsecured Notes at their maturity in August 2022, to repay short-term borrowings, to fund capital expenditures, and for other general corporate purposes.

Financial Covenants

Certain of OTC's and OTP's short- and long-term debt agreements require the borrower, whether OTC or OTP, to maintain certain financial covenants, including a maximum debt to total capitalization ratio of 0.60 to 1.00, a minimum interest and dividend coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00, and a maximum level of priority indebtedness. As of September 30, 2022, OTC and OTP were in compliance with these financial covenants.

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Employee Postretirement Benefits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Postretirement Benefits

Employee Postretirement Benefits

Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits

The Company sponsors a noncontributory funded pension plan (the "Pension Plan"), an unfunded, nonqualified Executive Survivor and Supplemental Retirement Plan (the "ESSRP"), both accounted for as defined benefit pension plans, and a postretirement healthcare plan accounted for as an other postretirement benefit plan.

The following tables include the components of net periodic benefit cost of our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)				Pension Benefits (ESSRP)				Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service Cost	$	1,644	$	1,866	$	48	$	47	$	335	$	430
Interest Cost	3,086		2,915		335		307		510		472
Expected Return on Assets	(5,921)		(5,590)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	—		—		—		—		(1,433)		(1,432)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	1,966		2,728		141		154		765		943
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	775	$	1,919	$	524	$	508	$	177	$	413
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)				Pension Benefits (ESSRP)				Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service Cost	$	4,932	$	5,597	$	146	$	140	$	1,004	$	1,291
Interest Cost	9,258		8,745		1,006		921		1,531		1,418
Expected Return on Assets	(17,763)		(16,769)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	—		—		—		—		(4,300)		(4,299)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	5,899		8,185		425		465		2,297		2,830
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	2,326	$	5,758	$	1,577	$	1,526	$	532	$	1,240

The following table includes the impact of regulation on the recognition of periodic benefit cost arising from pension and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	1,476	$	2,840	$	4,435	$	8,524
Net Amount Amortized (Deferred) Due to the Effect of Regulation	499		8		823		15
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Recognized	$	1,975	$	2,848	$	5,258	$	8,539

We had no minimum funding requirements for our Pension Plan or any other postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2021, but made a discretionary contribution of $20.0 million to our Pension Plan in February 2022.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income TaxesThe reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Federal Statutory Rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Increases (Decreases) in Tax from:
State Taxes on Income, Net of Federal Tax	5.0		5.0		5.0		5.0
Production Tax Credits (PTCs)	(3.6)		(5.0)		(4.1)		(6.0)
Amortization of Excess Deferred Income Taxes	(0.9)		(1.6)		(0.7)		(2.0)
North Dakota Wind Tax Credit Amortization, Net of Federal Tax	(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.3)
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	0.2		(0.3)		0.4		(0.6)
Other, Net	(0.5)		(0.6)		0.1		(0.2)
Effective Tax Rate	21.1	%	18.3	%	21.5	%	16.9	%

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Ashtabula III Purchase. On June 23, 2022, OTP exercised its option to acquire the Ashtabula III wind farm, a 62.4 megawatt wind farm located in eastern North Dakota, for $49.7 million, subject to certain closing adjustments. Since 2013, OTP has purchased the wind-generated electricity from the Ashtabula III wind farm pursuant to a purchase power agreement, and that agreement granted OTP the option to purchase the wind farm. The purchase has received regulatory approval. We anticipate the transaction will close, subject to certain customary closing conditions, in January 2023.

Contingencies

FERC ROE. In November 2013 and February 2015, customers filed complaints with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) seeking to reduce the return on equity (ROE) component of the transmission rates that Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO) transmission owners, including OTP, may collect under the MISO tariff rate. FERC's most recent order, issued on November 19, 2020, adopted a revised ROE methodology and set the base ROE at 10.02% (10.52% with an adder) effective for the fifteen-month period from November 2013 to February 2015 and on a prospective basis beginning in September 2016. The order also dismissed any complaints covering the period from February 2015 to May 2016. On August 9, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated the FERC order citing a lack of reasoned explanation by FERC in its adoption of its revised ROE methodology as outlined in its November 2020 order. The U.S. Court of Appeals remanded the matter to FERC to reopen the proceedings.

Significant uncertainty exists as to how FERC will proceed upon remand and there is no prescribed timeline under which FERC must act. We have deferred recognition and recorded a refund liability of $2.5 million as of September 30, 2022. This refund liability reflects our best estimate of amounts previously collected from customers under the MISO tariff rate that may be required to be refunded to customers once all regulatory and judicial proceedings are complete and a final ROE is established for the periods outlined above.

Regional Haze Rule (RHR). The RHR was adopted in an effort to improve visibility in national parks and wilderness areas. The RHR requires states, in coordination with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other governmental agencies, to develop and implement plans to achieve natural visibility conditions. The second RHR implementation period covers the years 2018-2028. States are required to submit a state implementation plan to assess reasonable progress with the RHR and determine what additional emission reductions are appropriate, if any.

Coyote Station, OTP's jointly owned coal-fired power plant in North Dakota, is subject to assessment in the second implementation period under the North Dakota state implementation plan. The North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (NDDEQ) submitted its state implementation plan to the EPA for approval in August 2022. In its plan, the NDDEQ concluded it is not reasonable to require additional emission controls during this planning period. The EPA has previously expressed disagreement with the NDDEQ's recommendation to forgo additional emission controls and has indicated that such a plan is not likely to be accepted.

We cannot predict with certainty the impact the state implementation plan may have on our business until the state implementation plan has been approved or otherwise acted on by the EPA. However, significant emission control investments could be required and the recovery of such costs from customers would require regulatory approval. Alternatively, investments in emission control equipment may prove to be uneconomic and result in the early retirement of or the sale of our interest in Coyote Station, subject to regulatory approval. We cannot estimate the ultimate financial effects such a retirement or sale may have on our consolidated operating results, financial position or cash flows, but such amounts could be material and the recovery of such costs in rates would be subject to regulatory approval.

Other Contingencies. We are party to litigation and regulatory matters arising in the normal course of business. We regularly analyze relevant information and, as necessary, estimate and record accrued liabilities for legal, regulatory enforcement and other matters in which a loss is probable of occurring and can be reasonably estimated. We believe the effect on our consolidated operating results, financial position and cash flows, if any, for the disposition of all matters pending as of September 30, 2022, other than those discussed above, will not be material.

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity

Registration Statements

On May 3, 2021, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC under which we may offer for sale, from time to time, either separately or together in any combination, equity, debt or other securities described in the shelf registration statement. No new debt or equity has been issued pursuant to the registration statement. The registration statement expires in May 2024.

On May 3, 2021, we filed a second registration statement with the SEC for the issuance of up to 1,500,000 common shares under an Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and a Share Purchase Plan, which provides shareholders, retail customers of OTP and other interested investors methods of purchasing our common shares, by reinvesting their dividends or making optional cash investments. Shares purchased under the plan may be newly issued common shares or common shares purchased on the open market. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we issued 97,046 shares under this plan. We repurchased a sufficient number of shares on the open market to satisfy issuance under the plan; accordingly no proceeds from the issuance were received. As of September 30, 2022, there were 1,287,774 shares available for purchase or issuance under the plan. The registration statement expires in May 2024.

Dividend Restrictions

OTC is a holding company with no significant operations of its own. The primary source of funds for payments of dividends to OTC's shareholders is from dividends paid or distributions made by OTC's subsidiaries. As a result of certain statutory limitations or regulatory or financing agreements, the amount of distributions allowed to be made by OTC's subsidiaries or the amount of dividends paid by OTC could be restricted. Both the OTC Credit Agreement and OTP Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends upon a default or event of default, including failure to maintain certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.

Under the Federal Power Act, a public utility may not pay dividends from any funds properly included in a capital account. What constitutes “funds properly included in a capital account” is undefined in the Federal Power Act or the related regulations; however, the FERC has consistently interpreted the provision to allow dividends to be paid as long as i) the source of the dividends is clearly disclosed, ii) the dividend is not excessive and iii) there is no self-dealing on the part of corporate officials.

The MPUC indirectly limits the amount of dividends OTP can pay to OTC by requiring an equity-to-total-capitalization ratio between 48.0% and 58.7% based on OTP’s capital structure petition effective by order of the MPUC on January 26, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, OTP’s equity-to-total-capitalization ratio, including short-term debt, was 54.9% and its net assets restricted from distribution totaled approximately $686.6 million. Under the MPUC order, total capitalization for OTP cannot exceed $1.7 billion.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)The following shows the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
(in thousands)	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total
Balance, Beginning of Period	$	(6,621)		$	(292)		$	(6,913)	$	(8,425)		$	134		$	(8,291)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	—			(172)			(172)		—			(26)			(26)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106		(1)	1		(2)	107		146		(1)	—		(2)	146
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106			(171)			(65)		146			(26)			120
Balance, End of Period	$	(6,515)		$	(463)		$	(6,978)	$	(8,279)		$	108		$	(8,171)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
(in thousands)	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total
Balance, Beginning of Period	$	(6,537)		$	13		$	(6,524)	$	(8,716)		$	209		$	(8,507)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	—			(477)			(477)		—			(58)			(58)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	22		(1)	1		(2)	23		437		(1)	(43)		(2)	394
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	22			(476)			(454)		437			(101)			336
Balance, End of Period	$	(6,515)		$	(463)		$	(6,978)	$	(8,279)		$	108		$	(8,171)
(1) Included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs. See Note 7.
(2) Included in other income (expense), net on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

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Share-Based Payments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Payments

Share-Based Payments

Stock Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense arising from our employee stock purchase plan and share-based compensation plans, recognized within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income, amounted to $0.6 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $6.1 million and $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards. We grant restricted stock awards to members of our Board of Directors and restricted stock units to certain key employees. The awards vest, depending on award type and recipient, either ratably over periods of three or four years or cliff vest after four years. Vesting is accelerated in certain circumstances, including on retirement.

The following is a summary of stock award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested, January 1, 2022	138,093	$	44.48
Granted	51,439	59.96
Vested	(47,981)	45.30
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested, September 30, 2022	141,551	$	49.83

The fair value of vested awards was $3.0 million and $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Stock Performance Awards. Stock performance awards are granted to executive officers and certain other key employees. The awards vest at the end of a three-year performance period. The number of common shares awarded, if any, at the end of the performance period ranges from zero to 150% of the target amount based on two performance measures: i) total shareholder return relative to a peer group and ii) return on equity. Vesting of the awards is accelerated in certain circumstances, including on retirement. The amount of common shares awarded on an accelerated vesting is based either on actual performance at the end of the performance period or the amount of common shares earned at target.

The grant date fair value of stock performance awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was determined using a Monte Carlo fair value simulation model incorporating the following assumptions:

	2022		2021
Risk-free interest rate	1.52	%	0.18	%
Expected term (in years)	3.00		3.00
Expected volatility	32.00	%	32.00	%
Dividend yield	2.90	%	3.60	%

The risk-free interest rate was derived from yields on U.S. government bonds of a similar term. The expected term of the award is equal to the three-year performance period. Expected volatility was estimated based on actual historical volatility of our common stock. Dividend yield was estimated based on historic and future yield estimates.

The following is a summary of stock performance award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (share amounts reflect awards at target):

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested, January 1, 2022	189,600	$	42.54
Granted	55,800	54.91
Vested	(55,600)	43.30
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested, September 30, 2022	189,800	$	45.95

The fair value of vested awards was $5.1 million and $2.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The numerator used in the calculation of both basic and diluted earnings per common share is net income. The denominator used in the calculation of basic earnings per common share is the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The denominator used in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share is derived by adjusting basic shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of potential common shares outstanding, which consist of time and performance based stock awards and employee stock purchase plan shares.

The following includes the computation of the denominator for basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	41,600	41,504	41,582	41,487
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Performance Awards	276	262	251	209
Restricted Stock Awards	97	88	96	82
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares and Other	1	15	1	17
Dilutive Effect of Potential Common Shares	374	365	348	308
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	41,974	41,869	41,930	41,795

The amount of shares excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding because such shares were anti-dilutive was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Derivative Instruments	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Instruments	Derivative InstrumentsOTP enters into derivative instruments to manage its exposure to future price variability and reduce volatility in prices for our retail customers. These derivative instruments are not designated as qualifying hedging transactions but provide for an economic hedge against future price variability. The instruments are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with rate-making and cost recovery processes, we recognize a regulatory asset or liability to defer losses or gains from derivative activity until settlement of the associated derivative instrument. As of September 30, 2022, OTP had outstanding pay-fixed, receive-variable swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of 156,800 megawatt-hours of electricity, which will be settled periodically throughout 2022 and 2023. As of September 30, 2022, the fair value of these derivative instruments was $5.4 million, of which $5.5 million is included in other current assets and $0.1 million, which is included in other noncurrent liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of these types of derivative contracts was $6.2 million, which is included in other current assets. No contracts settled during the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, contracts matured and were settled in an aggregate amount of $2.8 million. There were no contracts settled during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2021

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 classified by the input method used to measure fair value:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2022
Assets:
Investments:
Money Market Funds	$	1,854	$	—	$	—
Mutual Funds	5,084		—		—
Corporate Debt Securities	—		1,424		—
Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities	—		7,286		—
Derivative Instruments	—		5,532		—
Total Assets	$	6,938	$	14,242	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	$	—	$	169	$	—
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	169	$	—
December 31, 2021
Assets:
Investments:
Money Market Funds	$	949	$	—	$	—
Mutual Funds	5,432		—		—
Corporate Debt Securities	—		1,333		—
Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities	—		7,869		—
Derivative Instruments	—		6,214		—
Total Assets	$	6,381	$	15,416	$	—

Level 1 fair value measurements are based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access at the measurement date.

The level 2 fair value measurements for government-backed and government-sponsored enterprises and corporate debt securities are determined on the basis of valuations provided by a third-party pricing service which utilizes industry accepted valuation models and observable market inputs to determine valuation. Some valuations or model inputs used by the pricing service may be based on broker quotes.

The level 2 fair value measurements for derivative instruments are determined by using inputs such as forward electric commodity prices, adjusted for location differences. These inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.

In addition to assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, we also hold financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets but for which disclosure of the fair value of these financial instruments is provided.

The following reflects the carrying value and estimated fair value of these assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	72,987	$	72,987	$	1,537	$	1,537
Total	72,987		72,987		1,537		1,537
Liabilities:
Short-Term Debt	—		—		91,163		91,163
Long-Term Debt	823,760		679,360		763,997		878,272
Total	$	823,760	$	679,360	$	855,160	$	969,435

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash Equivalents: The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments.

Short-Term Debt: The carrying amount approximates fair value because the debt obligations are short-term and the balances outstanding are subject to variable rates of interest which reset frequently, a Level 2 fair value input.

Long-Term Debt: The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on current market indications for borrowings of similar maturities, a Level 2 fair value input.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles. In the opinion of management, we have included all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements and condensed notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Because of the seasonality of our businesses and other factors, the earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 should not be taken as an indication of earnings for all or any part of the balance of the current year or as an indication of earnings for future years.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

We use estimates based on the best information available in recording transactions and balances resulting from business operations. As better information becomes available or actual amounts are known, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders' equity and consolidated statements of cash flows to maintain consistency and comparability between periods presented. The reclassifications had no impact on previously reported shareholders' equity, net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities, net cash used in financing activities, or cash and cash equivalents.

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Information for each segment and our unallocated corporate costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenue
Electric	$	142,747	$	118,775	$	404,112	$	348,629
Manufacturing	98,767		89,977		306,921		250,085
Plastics	142,342		107,542		447,767		264,898
Total	$	383,856	$	316,294	$	1,158,800	$	863,612
Net Income (Loss)
Electric	$	24,847	$	22,528	$	62,938	$	55,547
Manufacturing	6,219		4,200		17,858		15,290
Plastics	55,982		28,410		170,788		60,102
Corporate	(2,809)		(2,384)		(9,405)		(5,787)
Total	$	84,239	$	52,754	$	242,179	$	125,152

The following provides the identifiable assets by segment and corporate assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Identifiable Assets
Electric	$	2,347,461	$	2,283,776
Manufacturing	253,819		251,044
Plastics	179,925		162,565
Corporate	116,699		57,445
Total	$	2,897,904	$	2,754,830

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

Presented below are our operating revenues to external customers, in total and by amounts arising from contracts with customers and alternative revenue program (ARP) arrangements, disaggregated by revenue source and segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating Revenues
Electric Segment
Retail: Residential	$	35,122	$	33,902	$	108,883	$	100,067
Retail: Commercial and Industrial	83,022		60,557		232,532		185,376
Retail: Other	2,033		1,979		6,004		5,687
Total Retail	120,177		96,438		347,419		291,130
Transmission	13,156		13,300		37,409		37,085
Wholesale	7,196		6,944		13,196		14,711
Other	2,218		2,093		6,088		5,703
Total Electric Segment	142,747		118,775		404,112		348,629
Manufacturing Segment
Metal Parts and Tooling	84,054		76,455		261,923		210,141
Plastic Products and Tooling	12,723		10,198		36,584		30,624
Scrap Metal Sales	1,990		3,324		8,414		9,320
Total Manufacturing Segment	98,767		89,977		306,921		250,085
Plastics Segment
PVC Pipe	142,342		107,542		447,767		264,898
Total Operating Revenue	383,856		316,294		1,158,800		863,612
Less: Non-contract Revenues Included Above
Electric Segment - ARP Revenues	(548)		(33)		(7,937)		(2,790)
Total Operating Revenues from Contracts with Customers	$	384,404	$	316,327	$	1,166,737	$	866,402

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Select Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Receivables

Receivables as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Receivables
Trade	$	167,480	$	142,297
Other	9,052		10,591
Unbilled Receivables	18,813		23,901
Total Receivables	195,345		176,789
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,548)		(1,836)
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses	$	193,797	$	174,953

Schedule of Activity in Allowance for Credit Losses

The following is a summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands)	2022		2021
Beginning Balance, January 1	$	1,836	$	3,215
Additions Charged to Expense	518		177
Reductions for Amounts Written Off, Net of Recoveries	(806)		(1,060)
Ending Balance, September 30	$	1,548	$	2,332

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consist of the following as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Raw Material, Fuel and Supplies	$	74,249	$	72,882
Work in Process	33,765		35,705
Finished Goods	38,362		39,903
Total Inventories	$	146,376	$	148,490

Schedule of Investments

The following is a summary of our investments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance Policies	$	37,288	$	41,078
Debt Securities	8,710		9,202
Money Market Funds	1,854		949
Mutual Funds	5,084		5,432
Other Investments	30		29
Total Investments	$	52,966	$	56,690

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Major classes of property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Electric Plant
Electric Plant in Service	$	2,795,649	$	2,758,445
Construction Work in Progress	130,486		74,926
Total Gross Electric Plant	2,926,135		2,833,371
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	850,741		817,302
Net Electric Plant	2,075,394		2,016,069
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment in Service	281,584		273,950
Construction Work in Progress	20,746		16,611
Total Gross Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment	302,330		290,561
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	191,081		182,025
Net Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment	111,249		108,536
Net Property, Plant and Equipment	$	2,186,643	$	2,124,605

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Regulatory Matters (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

The following presents our current and long-term regulatory assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the period we expect to recover or refund such amounts:

	Period of	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Recovery/Refund	Current		Long-Term		Current		Long Term
Regulatory Assets
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans1	Various	$	7,791	$	110,183	$	7,791	$	114,961
Alternative Revenue Program Riders2	Up to 2 years	7,528		1,988		11,889		5,564
Asset Retirement Obligations1	Asset lives	—		1,323		—		742
ISO Cost Recovery Trackers1	Up to 2 years	660		740		—		1,342
Unrecovered Project Costs1	Up to 5 years	320		1,063		2,136		1,455
Deferred Rate Case Expenses1	Various	412		848		607		1,131
Debt Reacquisition Premiums1	10 years	25		222		100		240
Fuel Clause Adjustments1	Up to 1 year	13,185		—		4,819		—
Other1	Various	—		226		—		73
Total Regulatory Assets		$	29,921	$	116,593	$	27,342	$	125,508
Regulatory Liabilities
Deferred Income Taxes	Asset lives	$	—	$	128,397	$	—	$	129,437
Plant Removal Obligations	Asset lives	8,526		106,008		8,306		101,595
Fuel Clause Adjustments	Up to 1 year	—		—		1,554		—
Alternative Revenue Program Riders	Various	4,178		6,048		5,772		3,336
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	Up to 1 year	2,603		—		2,603		—
Derivative Instruments	Various	5,532		—		6,214		—
Other	Various	275		92		395		62
Total Regulatory Liabilities		$	21,114	$	240,545	$	24,844	$	234,430
1Costs subject to recovery without a rate of return.
2Amount eligible for recovery includes an incentive or rate of return.

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Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Line of Credit Facilities

The following is a summary of our lines of credit as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

			September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Borrowing Limit		Amount Outstanding		Letters of Credit		Amount Available		Amount Available
OTC Credit Agreement	$	170,000	$	—	$	—	$	170,000	$	147,363
OTP Credit Agreement	170,000		—		9,919		160,081		88,315
Total	$	340,000	$	—	$	9,919	$	330,081	$	235,678

Schedule of Debt

The following is a summary of outstanding long-term debt by borrower as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021: 

					(in thousands)
Borrower		Debt Instrument	Rate	Maturity	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
OTC		Guaranteed Senior Notes	3.55%	12/15/26	$	80,000	$	80,000
OTP		Series 2007B Senior Unsecured Notes	6.15%	08/20/22	—		30,000
OTP		Series 2007C Senior Unsecured Notes	6.37%	08/02/27	42,000		42,000
OTP		Series 2013A Senior Unsecured Notes	4.68%	02/27/29	60,000		60,000
OTP		Series 2019A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.07%	10/10/29	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2020A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.22%	02/25/30	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2020B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.22%	08/20/30	40,000		40,000
OTP		Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes	2.74%	11/29/31	40,000		40,000
OTP		Series 2007D Senior Unsecured Notes	6.47%	08/20/37	50,000		50,000
OTP		Series 2019B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.52%	10/10/39	26,000		26,000
OTP		Series 2020C Senior Unsecured Notes	3.62%	02/25/40	10,000		10,000
OTP		Series 2013B Senior Unsecured Notes	5.47%	02/27/44	90,000		90,000
OTP		Series 2018A Senior Unsecured Notes	4.07%	02/07/48	100,000		100,000
OTP		Series 2019C Senior Unsecured Notes	3.82%	10/10/49	64,000		64,000
OTP		Series 2020D Senior Unsecured Notes	3.92%	02/25/50	15,000		15,000
OTP		Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes	3.69%	11/29/51	100,000		100,000
OTP		Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes	3.77%	05/20/52	90,000		—
Total					$	827,000	$	767,000
Less:	Current Maturities, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs				—		29,983
	Unamortized Long-Term Debt Issuance Costs				3,240		3,003
Total Long-Term Debt, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs					$	823,760	$	734,014

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Employee Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The following tables include the components of net periodic benefit cost of our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)				Pension Benefits (ESSRP)				Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service Cost	$	1,644	$	1,866	$	48	$	47	$	335	$	430
Interest Cost	3,086		2,915		335		307		510		472
Expected Return on Assets	(5,921)		(5,590)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	—		—		—		—		(1,433)		(1,432)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	1,966		2,728		141		154		765		943
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	775	$	1,919	$	524	$	508	$	177	$	413
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)				Pension Benefits (ESSRP)				Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service Cost	$	4,932	$	5,597	$	146	$	140	$	1,004	$	1,291
Interest Cost	9,258		8,745		1,006		921		1,531		1,418
Expected Return on Assets	(17,763)		(16,769)		—		—		—		—
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	—		—		—		—		(4,300)		(4,299)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	5,899		8,185		425		465		2,297		2,830
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	2,326	$	5,758	$	1,577	$	1,526	$	532	$	1,240

The following table includes the impact of regulation on the recognition of periodic benefit cost arising from pension and other postretirement benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$	1,476	$	2,840	$	4,435	$	8,524
Net Amount Amortized (Deferred) Due to the Effect of Regulation	499		8		823		15
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Recognized	$	1,975	$	2,848	$	5,258	$	8,539

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Federal Statutory Rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Increases (Decreases) in Tax from:
State Taxes on Income, Net of Federal Tax	5.0		5.0		5.0		5.0
Production Tax Credits (PTCs)	(3.6)		(5.0)		(4.1)		(6.0)
Amortization of Excess Deferred Income Taxes	(0.9)		(1.6)		(0.7)		(2.0)
North Dakota Wind Tax Credit Amortization, Net of Federal Tax	(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.2)		(0.3)
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	0.2		(0.3)		0.4		(0.6)
Other, Net	(0.5)		(0.6)		0.1		(0.2)
Effective Tax Rate	21.1	%	18.3	%	21.5	%	16.9	%

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following shows the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
(in thousands)	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total
Balance, Beginning of Period	$	(6,621)		$	(292)		$	(6,913)	$	(8,425)		$	134		$	(8,291)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	—			(172)			(172)		—			(26)			(26)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106		(1)	1		(2)	107		146		(1)	—		(2)	146
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106			(171)			(65)		146			(26)			120
Balance, End of Period	$	(6,515)		$	(463)		$	(6,978)	$	(8,279)		$	108		$	(8,171)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
(in thousands)	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total		Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits			Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities			Total
Balance, Beginning of Period	$	(6,537)		$	13		$	(6,524)	$	(8,716)		$	209		$	(8,507)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	—			(477)			(477)		—			(58)			(58)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	22		(1)	1		(2)	23		437		(1)	(43)		(2)	394
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	22			(476)			(454)		437			(101)			336
Balance, End of Period	$	(6,515)		$	(463)		$	(6,978)	$	(8,279)		$	108		$	(8,171)
(1) Included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs. See Note 7.
(2) Included in other income (expense), net on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

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Share-Based Payments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award

The following is a summary of stock award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested, January 1, 2022	138,093	$	44.48
Granted	51,439	59.96
Vested	(47,981)	45.30
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested, September 30, 2022	141,551	$	49.83

The grant date fair value of stock performance awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was determined using a Monte Carlo fair value simulation model incorporating the following assumptions:

	2022		2021
Risk-free interest rate	1.52	%	0.18	%
Expected term (in years)	3.00		3.00
Expected volatility	32.00	%	32.00	%
Dividend yield	2.90	%	3.60	%

The following is a summary of stock performance award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (share amounts reflect awards at target):

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested, January 1, 2022	189,600	$	42.54
Granted	55,800	54.91
Vested	(55,600)	43.30
Forfeited	—	—
Nonvested, September 30, 2022	189,800	$	45.95

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following includes the computation of the denominator for basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2022	2021	2022	2021
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic	41,600	41,504	41,582	41,487
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Performance Awards	276	262	251	209
Restricted Stock Awards	97	88	96	82
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares and Other	1	15	1	17
Dilutive Effect of Potential Common Shares	374	365	348	308
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted	41,974	41,869	41,930	41,795

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring

The following tables present our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 classified by the input method used to measure fair value:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2022
Assets:
Investments:
Money Market Funds	$	1,854	$	—	$	—
Mutual Funds	5,084		—		—
Corporate Debt Securities	—		1,424		—
Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities	—		7,286		—
Derivative Instruments	—		5,532		—
Total Assets	$	6,938	$	14,242	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	$	—	$	169	$	—
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	169	$	—
December 31, 2021
Assets:
Investments:
Money Market Funds	$	949	$	—	$	—
Mutual Funds	5,432		—		—
Corporate Debt Securities	—		1,333		—
Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities	—		7,869		—
Derivative Instruments	—		6,214		—
Total Assets	$	6,381	$	15,416	$	—

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The following reflects the carrying value and estimated fair value of these assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	72,987	$	72,987	$	1,537	$	1,537
Total	72,987		72,987		1,537		1,537
Liabilities:
Short-Term Debt	—		—		91,163		91,163
Long-Term Debt	823,760		679,360		763,997		878,272
Total	$	823,760	$	679,360	$	855,160	$	969,435

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	3

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Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

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Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	$ 383,856	$ 316,294	$ 1,158,800	$ 863,612
Net Income (Loss)	84,239	52,754	242,179	125,152
Identifiable Assets	2,897,904		2,897,904		$ 2,754,830
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net Income (Loss)	(2,809)	(2,384)	(9,405)	(5,787)
Identifiable Assets	116,699		116,699		57,445
Electric | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	142,747	118,775	404,112	348,629
Net Income (Loss)	24,847	22,528	62,938	55,547
Identifiable Assets	2,347,461		2,347,461		2,283,776
Manufacturing | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	98,767	89,977	306,921	250,085
Net Income (Loss)	6,219	4,200	17,858	15,290
Identifiable Assets	253,819		253,819		251,044
Plastics | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	142,342	107,542	447,767	264,898
Net Income (Loss)	55,982	$ 28,410	170,788	$ 60,102
Identifiable Assets	$ 179,925		$ 179,925		$ 162,565

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Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	$ 383,856	$ 316,294	$ 1,158,800	$ 863,612
Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues from Contracts with Customers	384,404	316,327	1,166,737	866,402
Operating Segments | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	142,747	118,775	404,112	348,629
Electric Segment - ARP Revenues	(548)	(33)	(7,937)	(2,790)
Operating Segments | Manufacturing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	98,767	89,977	306,921	250,085
Operating Segments | Plastics
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	142,342	107,542	447,767	264,898
Operating Segments | Total Retail | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	120,177	96,438	347,419	291,130
Operating Segments | Retail: Residential | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	35,122	33,902	108,883	100,067
Operating Segments | Retail: Commercial and Industrial | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	83,022	60,557	232,532	185,376
Operating Segments | Retail: Other | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	2,033	1,979	6,004	5,687
Operating Segments | Transmission | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	13,156	13,300	37,409	37,085
Operating Segments | Wholesale | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	7,196	6,944	13,196	14,711
Operating Segments | Other | Electric
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	2,218	2,093	6,088	5,703
Operating Segments | Metal Parts and Tooling | Manufacturing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	84,054	76,455	261,923	210,141
Operating Segments | Plastic Products and Tooling | Manufacturing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	12,723	10,198	36,584	30,624
Operating Segments | Scrap Metal Sales | Manufacturing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Operating Revenues	$ 1,990	$ 3,324	$ 8,414	$ 9,320

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Select Balance Sheet Information - Schedule of Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Trade	$ 167,480	$ 142,297
Other	9,052	10,591
Unbilled Receivables	18,813	23,901
Total Receivables	195,345	176,789
Less: Allowance for Credit Losses	(1,548)	(1,836)	$ (2,332)	$ (3,215)
Receivables, net of allowance for credit losses	$ 193,797	$ 174,953

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Select Balance Sheet Information - Summary of Activity in Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance, January 1	$ 1,836	$ 3,215
Additions Charged to Expense	518	177
Reductions for Amounts Written Off, Net of Recoveries	(806)	(1,060)
Ending Balance, September 30	$ 1,548	$ 2,332

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Select Balance Sheet Information - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Raw Material, Fuel and Supplies	$ 74,249	$ 72,882
Work in Process	33,765	35,705
Finished Goods	38,362	39,903
Inventories	$ 146,376	$ 148,490

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Select Balance Sheet Information - Schedule of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance Policies	$ 37,288	$ 41,078
Debt Securities	8,710	9,202
Money Market Funds	1,854	949
Mutual Funds	5,084	5,432
Other Investments	30	29
Total Investments	$ 52,966	$ 56,690

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Select Balance Sheet Information - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	$ 2,186,643	$ 2,124,605
Electric Plant
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,926,135	2,833,371
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	850,741	817,302
Property, Plant and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	2,075,394	2,016,069
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	302,330	290,561
Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	191,081	182,025
Property, Plant and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	111,249	108,536
Electric Plant in Service | Electric Plant
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,795,649	2,758,445
Construction Work in Progress | Electric Plant
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	130,486	74,926
Construction Work in Progress | Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	20,746	16,611
Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment in Service | Nonelectric Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 281,584	$ 273,950

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Regulatory Matters - Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	$ 29,921	$ 27,342
Regulatory assets, long-term	116,593	125,508
Regulatory liabilities, current	21,114	24,844
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	240,545	234,430
Deferred Income Taxes
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	0	0
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	128,397	129,437
Plant Removal Obligations
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	8,526	8,306
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	106,008	101,595
Fuel Clause Adjustments
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	0	1,554
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	$ 0	0
Regulatory Liabilities - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	1 year
Alternative Revenue Program Riders
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	$ 4,178	5,772
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	6,048	3,336
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	2,603	2,603
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	$ 0	0
Regulatory Liabilities - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	1 year
Derivative Instruments
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	$ 5,532	6,214
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	0	0
Other
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory liabilities, current	275	395
Regulatory liabilities, long -term	92	62
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	7,791	7,791
Regulatory assets, long-term	110,183	114,961
Alternative Revenue Program Riders
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	7,528	11,889
Regulatory assets, long-term	$ 1,988	5,564
Regulatory Assets - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	2 years
Asset Retirement Obligations
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	$ 0	0
Regulatory assets, long-term	1,323	742
ISO Cost Recovery Trackers
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	660	0
Regulatory assets, long-term	$ 740	1,342
Regulatory Assets - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	2 years
Unrecovered Project Costs
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	$ 320	2,136
Regulatory assets, long-term	$ 1,063	1,455
Regulatory Assets - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	5 years
Deferred Rate Case Expenses
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	$ 412	607
Regulatory assets, long-term	848	1,131
Debt Reacquisition Premiums
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	25	100
Regulatory assets, long-term	$ 222	240
Regulatory Assets - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	10 years
Fuel Clause Adjustments
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	$ 13,185	4,819
Regulatory assets, long-term	$ 0	0
Regulatory Assets - Remaining Recovery/Refund Period	1 year
Other
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Regulatory assets - current	$ 0	0
Regulatory assets, long-term	$ 226	$ 73

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Regulatory Matters - Narrative (Details) - Minnesota Rate Case - MPUC - USD ($) $ in Millions			3 Months Ended
	Feb. 01, 2022	Dec. 03, 2020	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Line Items]
Revenue, approved rate increase, amount		$ 6.9	$ 15.3	$ 4.1
Revenue, approved rate increase, percent		3.20%
Revenue requirement amount	$ 209.0
Approved return on base rate, percent	7.18%
Approved return on equity, percent	9.48%
Approved equity ratio, percent	52.50%
Recovery period	5 years
Approved cap of annual base revenues, percent	4.00%

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Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings - Lines of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing Limit	$ 340,000,000
Amount Outstanding	0	$ 91,163,000
Letters of Credit	9,919,000
Amount Available	330,081,000	235,678,000
OTC Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing Limit	170,000,000
Amount Outstanding	0
Letters of Credit	0
Amount Available	170,000,000	147,363,000
OTP Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowing Limit	170,000,000
Amount Outstanding	0
Letters of Credit	9,919,000
Amount Available	$ 160,081,000	$ 88,315,000

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Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings - Breakdown of Outstanding Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 827,000	$ 767,000
Current Maturities, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	0	29,983
Unamortized Long-Term Debt Issuance Costs	3,240	3,003
Total Long-Term Debt, Net of Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$ 823,760	734,014
Guaranteed Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.55%
Long-term debt	$ 80,000	80,000
Series 2007B Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	6.15%
Long-term debt	$ 0	30,000
Series 2007C Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	6.37%
Long-term debt	$ 42,000	42,000
Series 2013A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	4.68%
Long-term debt	$ 60,000	60,000
Series 2019A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.07%
Long-term debt	$ 10,000	10,000
Series 2020A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.22%
Long-term debt	$ 10,000	10,000
Series 2020B Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.22%
Long-term debt	$ 40,000	40,000
Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	2.74%
Long-term debt	$ 40,000	40,000
Series 2007D Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	6.47%
Long-term debt	$ 50,000	50,000
Series 2019B Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.52%
Long-term debt	$ 26,000	26,000
Series 2020C Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.62%
Long-term debt	$ 10,000	10,000
Series 2013B Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	5.47%
Long-term debt	$ 90,000	90,000
Series 2018A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	4.07%
Long-term debt	$ 100,000	100,000
Series 2019C Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.82%
Long-term debt	$ 64,000	64,000
Series 2020D Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.92%
Long-term debt	$ 15,000	15,000
Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.69%
Long-term debt	$ 100,000	100,000
Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Rate	3.77%
Long-term debt	$ 90,000	$ 0

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Short-Term and Long-Term Borrowings - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	May 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 10, 2021
Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 230,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of debt	$ 90,000,000	$ 140,000,000
Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)			2.74%
Series 2021A Senior Unsecured Notes | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 40,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)				2.74%
Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)			3.69%
Series 2021B Senior Unsecured Notes | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 100,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)				3.69%
Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)			3.77%
Series 2022A Senior Unsecured Notes | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 90,000,000
Interest rate (as a percent)				3.77%
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest and dividend coverage ratio			1.50
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt to total capitalization ratio			60.00%

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Employee Postretirement Benefits - Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$ 1,476	$ 2,840	$ 4,435	$ 8,524
Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service Cost	1,644	1,866	4,932	5,597
Interest Cost	3,086	2,915	9,258	8,745
Expected Return on Assets	(5,921)	(5,590)	(17,763)	(16,769)
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	0	0	0	0
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	1,966	2,728	5,899	8,185
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	775	1,919	2,326	5,758
Pension Benefits (ESSRP)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service Cost	48	47	146	140
Interest Cost	335	307	1,006	921
Expected Return on Assets	0	0	0	0
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	0	0	0	0
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	141	154	425	465
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	524	508	1,577	1,526
Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service Cost	335	430	1,004	1,291
Interest Cost	510	472	1,531	1,418
Expected Return on Assets	0	0	0	0
Amortization of Prior Service Cost	(1,433)	(1,432)	(4,300)	(4,299)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	765	943	2,297	2,830
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$ 177	$ 413	$ 532	$ 1,240

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Employee Postretirement Benefits - Composition of Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Net Periodic Benefit Cost	$ 1,476	$ 2,840	$ 4,435	$ 8,524
Net Amount Amortized (Deferred) Due to the Effect of Regulation	499	8	823	15
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Recognized	$ 1,975	$ 2,848	$ 5,258	$ 8,539

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Employee Postretirement Benefits - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($)
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Contributions by employer	$ 20.0

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Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal Statutory Rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Increases (Decreases) in Tax from:
State Taxes on Income, Net of Federal Tax	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%
Production Tax Credits (PTCs)	(3.60%)	(5.00%)	(4.10%)	(6.00%)
Amortization of Excess Deferred Income Taxes	(0.90%)	(1.60%)	(0.70%)	(2.00%)
North Dakota Wind Tax Credit Amortization, Net of Federal Tax	(0.10%)	(0.20%)	(0.20%)	(0.30%)
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	0.20%	(0.30%)	0.40%	(0.60%)
Other, Net	(0.50%)	(0.60%)	0.10%	(0.20%)
Effective Tax Rate	21.10%	18.30%	21.50%	16.90%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Otter Tail Power Company $ in Millions	Jun. 23, 2022 USD ($) MWh	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Option exercised | MWh	62.4
Payments to acquire wind farm	$ 49.7
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Estimated liability of refund obligation		$ 2.5

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			9 Months Ended
	Jan. 26, 2022	May 03, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total capitalization			$ 2,007,783	$ 1,724,791
Otter Tail Power Company
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Equity to total capitalization ratio			54.90%
Net assets restricted from distribution			$ 686,600
Minimum | Otter Tail Power Company | Minnesota Public Utilities Commission
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Public utilities, requested equity capital structure, percentage	48.00%
Maximum | Otter Tail Power Company
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total capitalization			$ 1,700,000
Maximum | Otter Tail Power Company | Minnesota Public Utilities Commission
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Public utilities, requested equity capital structure, percentage	58.70%
Second Shelf Registration
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shelf registration (in shares)		1,500,000
Number of shares issued (in shares)			97,046
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)			1,287,774

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,116,543	$ 915,123	$ 990,777	$ 870,966
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	(172)	(26)	(477)	(58)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	107	146	23	394
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(65)	120	(454)	336
Ending balance	1,184,023	952,482	1,184,023	952,482
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(6,621)	(8,425)	(6,537)	(8,716)
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	0	0	0	0
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106	146	22	437
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	106	146	22	437
Ending balance	(6,515)	(8,279)	(6,515)	(8,279)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(292)	134	13	209
Other Comprehensive Loss Before Reclassifications, net of tax	(172)	(26)	(477)	(58)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	1	0	1	(43)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(171)	(26)	(476)	(101)
Ending balance	(463)	108	(463)	108
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(6,913)	(8,291)	(6,524)	(8,507)
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(65)	120	(454)	336
Ending balance	$ (6,978)	$ (8,171)	$ (6,978)	$ (8,171)

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Share-Based Payments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment arrangement, expense	$ 0.6	$ 0.8	$ 6.1	$ 6.4
Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Awards vesting period			4 years
Fair value of awards vested			$ 3.0	2.1
Restricted Stock Awards | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			3 years
Restricted Stock Awards | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			4 years
Stock Performance Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			3 years
Fair value of awards vested			$ 5.1	$ 2.5
Stock Performance Awards | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of target amount as actual payment			0.00%
Stock Performance Awards | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of target amount as actual payment			150.00%

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Share-Based Payments - Summary of Restricted Stock Awards and Stock Performance Awards (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Awards
Shares
Beginning of year (in shares) | shares	138,093
Granted (in shares) | shares	51,439
Vested (in shares) | shares	(47,981)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	0
End of year (in shares) | shares	141,551
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning of year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 44.48
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	59.96
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	45.30
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
End of year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 49.83
Stock Performance Awards
Shares
Beginning of year (in shares) | shares	189,600
Granted (in shares) | shares	55,800
Vested (in shares) | shares	(55,600)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	0
End of year (in shares) | shares	189,800
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning of year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 42.54
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	54.91
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	43.30
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
End of year (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 45.95

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Share-Based Payments - Weighted-Average Assumptions (Details) - Stock Performance Awards	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	1.52%	0.18%
Expected term (in years)	3 years	3 years
Expected volatility	32.00%	32.00%
Dividend yield	2.90%	3.60%

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share, Diluted, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding - Basic (in shares)	41,600	41,504	41,582	41,487
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Total Dilutive Shares (in shares)	374	365	348	308
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted (in shares)	41,974	41,869	41,930	41,795
Stock Performance Awards
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Effect of Dilutive Securities (in shares)	276	262	251	209
Restricted Stock Awards
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Effect of Dilutive Securities (in shares)	97	88	96	82
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares and Other
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Effect of Dilutive Securities (in shares)	1	15	1	17

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Derivative Instruments (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) MWh	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Derivative Instruments	$ 5,400,000		$ 5,400,000
Current derivative asset	5,500,000		5,500,000		$ 6,200,000
Noncurrent derivative liability	100,000		$ 100,000
Swap
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount of outstanding swap agreements | MWh			156,800
Settlement of derivative contract	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2,800,000	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments:
Debt Securities	$ 8,710	$ 9,202
Derivative Instruments	5,400
Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring
Investments:
Money Market Funds	1,854	949
Mutual Funds	5,084	5,432
Total Assets	6,938	6,381
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring
Investments:
Derivative Instruments	5,532	6,214
Total Assets	14,242	15,416
Liabilities:
Derivative Instruments	169
Total Liabilities	169
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring | Corporate Debt Securities
Investments:
Debt Securities	1,424	1,333
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring | Government-Backed and Government-Sponsored Enterprises’ Debt Securities
Investments:
Debt Securities	$ 7,286	$ 7,869

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Carrying Amount
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$ 72,987	$ 1,537
Total Assets	72,987	1,537
Liabilities:
Short-Term Debt	0	91,163
Long-Term Debt	823,760	763,997
Total	823,760	855,160
Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	72,987	1,537
Total Assets	72,987	1,537
Liabilities:
Short-Term Debt	0	91,163
Long-Term Debt	679,360	878,272
Total	$ 679,360	$ 969,435

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Label	Element	Value
Capital Expenditures Incurred but Not yet Paid	us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid	$ 14,358,000
Capital Expenditures Incurred but Not yet Paid	us-gaap_CapitalExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid	$ 12,438,000