10. Fair value measurements:

Under applicable accounting standards, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, certain investment in securities registered for public sale and warrants were measured on a recurring basis. In addition, certain off-lease equipment deemed impaired were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Such fair value adjustments utilized the following methodology:

Warrants (recurring)

Warrants owned by the Company are not registered for public sale, but are considered derivatives and are carried on the balance sheet at an estimated fair value at the end of the period. The valuation of the warrants was determined using a Black-Scholes formulation of value based upon the stock price(s), the exercise price(s), the volatility of comparable venture companies, time to maturity, and a risk free interest rate for the term(s) of the warrant exercise(s). As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the calculated fair value of the Fund’s warrant portfolio approximated $40 thousand and $271 thousand, respectively. Such valuations are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

The fair value of warrants that were accounted for on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and classified as level 3 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Fair value of warrants at beginning of period	$	271	$	229
Unrealized (loss) gain on fair value adjustment for warrants		(231)		1
Fair value of warrants at end of period	$	40	$	230

Investment securities (recurring)

The Company’s investment securities registered for public sale with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with any changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s results of operations.

The fair value of investment securities that were accounted for on a recurring basis as of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and classified as Level 1 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020		2019
Fair value of securities at beginning of period	$	15	$	112
Unrealized loss on fair value of securities		(1)		(8)
Fair value of investment securities at end of period	$	14	$	104

Impaired off-lease equipment (non-recurring)

Subsequent to the first quarter of 2019, the Company had deemed certain equipment to be impaired and recorded fair value adjustments totaling $801 thousand, all of which were recorded during the third quarter of 2019. Such adjustments reduced the cost basis of certain off-lease transportation equipment. There was no additional impairment recorded during the first quarter of 2020.


			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	March 31,		Estimated		Estimated		Estimated
	2020		Fair Value		Fair Value		Fair Value
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (in thousands):
Impaired lease and off-lease equipment	$	96	$	—	$	—	$	96


			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	December 31,		Estimated		Estimated		Estimated
	2019		Fair Value		Fair Value		Fair Value
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (in thousands):
Impaired lease and off-lease equipment	$	104	$	—	$	—	$	104

Under the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, the fair value of impaired lease assets were classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy as the data sources utilized for the valuation of such assets reflect significant inputs that are unobservable in the market. Such valuation utilizes a market approach technique and uses inputs that reflect the sales price of similar assets sold by affiliates and/or information from third party remarketing agents not readily available in the market.

The following tables summarize the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s recurring and non-recurring fair value calculation/adjustments categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


March 31, 2020
	Valuation	Valuation	Unobservable	Range of Input Values
Name	Frequency	Technique	Inputs	(Weighted Average)
Warrants	Recurring	Black-Scholes formulation	Stock price	$0.12 - $5.23 ($0.29)
			Exercise price	$0.10 - $1,000.00 ($0.49)
			Time to maturity (in years)	0.37 - 5.83 (1.66)
			Risk-free interest rate	0.15% - 0.45% (0.22%)
			Annualized volatility	35.15% - 114.63% (46.41%)

Off-lease equipment	Non-recurring	Market Approach	Third Party Agents' Pricing	$0 - $8,000
			Quotes - per equipment	(total of $96,000)
			Equipment Condition	Poor to Average


December 31, 2019
	Valuation	Valuation	Unobservable	Range of Input Values
Name	Frequency	Technique	Inputs	(Weighted Average)
Warrants	Recurring	Black-Scholes formulation	Stock price	$0.12 - $12.92 ($0.38)
			Exercise price	$0.10 - $1,000.00 ($0.50)
			Time to maturity (in years)	0.99 - 6.08 (2.05)
			Risk-free interest rate	1.58% - 1.73% (1.59%)
			Annualized volatility	43.92% - 109.07% (50.73%)

Off-lease equipment	Non-recurring	Market Approach	Third Party Agents' Pricing	$0 - $8,000
			Quotes - per equipment	(total of $104,000)
			Equipment Condition	Poor to Average

The following disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments is made in accordance with the guidance provided by the Financial Instruments Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Fair value estimates, methods and assumptions, set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments, are made solely to comply with the requirements of the Financial Instruments Topic and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes.

The Company determines the estimated fair value amounts by using market information and valuation methodologies that it considers appropriate and consistent with the fair value accounting guidance. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Cash and cash equivalents

The recorded amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value because of the liquidity and short-term maturity of these instruments.

Non-recourse debt

The fair value of the Company’s non-recourse debt is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based upon current market borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Commitments and Contingencies

Management has determined that no recognition for the fair value of the Company’s loan commitments is necessary because their terms are made on a market rate basis and require borrowers to be in compliance with the Company’s credit requirements at the time of funding.

The fair value of contingent liabilities (or guarantees) is not considered material because management believes there has been no event that has occurred wherein a guarantee liability has been incurred or will likely be incurred.

The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments in accordance with the guidance provided by the Financial Instruments Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	607	$	607	$	—	$	—	$	607
Investment in securities		14		14		—		—		14
Warrants, fair value		40		—		—		40		40

Financial liabilities:
Non-recourse debt		3,797		—		—		3,817		3,817


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,831	$	2,831	$	—	$	—	$	2,831
Investment in securities		15		15		—		—		15
Warrants, fair value		271		—		—		271		271

Financial liabilities:
Non-recourse debt		4,022		—		—		4,027		4,027