3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

· Basis of presentation

These accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

Use of estimates

· Use of estimates

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the years reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Basis of consolidation

· Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PGCG and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Cash and cash equivalents

· Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand, demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as of the purchase date of such investments.

	As of October 31,
	2019		2018
Cash and bank balances held by financial institutions located in Malaysia	$	198,113	$	503,197

Accounts receivable

· Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business but mitigates the associated risks by performing credit checks and actively pursuing past due accounts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established and determined based on managements’ assessment of known requirements, aging of receivables, payment history, the customer’s current credit worthiness and the economic environment. The Company considers the allowance for doubtful accounts for any estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. For the receivables that are past due or not being paid according to payment terms, the appropriate actions are taken to exhaust all means of collection, including seeking legal resolution in a court of law. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Based upon the aforementioned criteria, the Company did not record any allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.

Marketable securities at fair value

· Marketable securities at fair value

Marketable securities at fair value are reported at fair value using the market approach based on the quoted prices in active markets at the reporting date. The Company classifies the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1 of fair value measurements. Any unrealized losses that are deemed other-than-temporary are included in current period earnings and removed from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Realized gains and losses on marketable securities are included in current period earnings. For purposes of computing realized gains and losses, the cost basis of each investment sold is generally based on the weighted average cost method.

The Company regularly evaluates whether the decline in fair value of fair value-sale securities is other-than-temporary and objective evidence of impairment could include:

· The severity and duration of the fair value decline;

· Deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer; and

· Evaluation of the factors that could cause individual securities to have an other-than-temporary impairment.

During the years ended October 31, 2019 impairment loss on fair value-sale securities did not occur and 2018, $43,530 of losses previously classified in other comprehensive losses were reclassified into earnings to recognize an other-than-temporary decline in fair value.

During the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company invested in equity securities listed on Bursa Malaysia with a total cost of $265,606 and escrow funds (which invested in equity securities listed in the U.S.) with a total cost of $200,000. The Company entered into an escrow agreement with Peijin Wu Hoppe (“Hoppe”), the Company’s former director, to set up an escrow fund up to $500,000 as a reserve to indemnify Hoppe from any claim of liability until July 29, 2022, the seventh year anniversary of the termination of Director Retainer Agreement, or any mutual agreement with the Company and Hoppe. The unrealized gain representing the change in fair value of $14,294 and unrealized loss of $50,830 was charged against accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Biological assets

· Biological assets

Biological assets are measured at their fair value less costs to sell at each reporting date. The fair value is determined as the net present value of cash flows expected to be generated by these crops (including a risk adjustment factor). Where fair value cannot be measured reliably, biological assets are measured at cost.

The valuation takes into account expected sales prices, yields, picked fruit quality and expected direct costs related to the production and sale of the assets and management must make a judgment as to the trend in these factors.

Properties, plant and equipment

· Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following expected useful lives from the date on which they become fully operational:

Categories	Location of properties	Expected useful life
Freehold plantation land and orchard	Oil palm and durian plantation in Malaysia	Indefinite, as per land titles
Leasehold land under development	Leasehold land in Puncak Alam, Malaysia	Remaining lease life of 88 years, as per land titles
Freehold land under development	Freehold land in Sungai Long, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia	Indefinite, as per land titles
Freehold land and land improvement for rental purpose	Land portion of 15 story building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Indefinite, as per property titles
Building structure and improvements	Building structure of commercial buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, including: 12 story building “Megan Avenue” and 15 story building	33 years
Office furniture and equipment		3-10 years
Motor vehicles		5 years
Bearer plants	Oil palm and durian plantation in Malaysia	50 years

Expenditure for maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred. The gain or loss on the disposal of property, plant and equipment is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the statement of operations.

Bearer plants consist of replanting costs of durian such as soil amendments, cultivation, fertilization and purchase costs of sapling. Costs related to durian development projects on our plantation land, are capitalized during the sapling, developing and planting durian fruit bunches and when the harvests are substantially available for commercial sale. The bearer plants will then commence to be depreciated as components of plantation costs and expenses.

Long-lived assets primarily include freehold plantation land, leasehold land held for development, freehold land and land improvement for rental purpose and building structure and improvements. In accordance with the provision of ASC Topic 360, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, the Company generally conduct its annual impairment evaluation to its long-lived assets usually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, such as a significant sustained change in the business climate. The recoverability of long-lived assets is measured at the reporting unit level. If the total of the expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of the asset. There has been no impairment charge for the years presented.

The Company separately identified the portion of freehold land and building structure, in which freehold land is not subject to amortization and buildings are to be amortized over 33 years on a straight-line method, based on applicable local laws and practice.

Deferred development cost for oil palms that had been capitalized as part of freehold plantation land were not amortized over the useful life of the oil palms since these costs were not separately identifiable from the cost of freehold plantation land and buildings when the whole oil palm plantation was purchased in July 2011.

Policy for Capitalizing Development Cost

The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of property, legal fees and other acquisition costs. Costs directly related to planning, developing, initial leasing and constructing a property are capitalized and classified as Real Estate in the consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized development costs include interest, and other direct project costs incurred during the period of development. As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no such capitalized interest.

A variety of costs are incurred in the acquisition, development and leasing of properties. After determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the specific component of a project that is benefited. Determination of when a development project is substantially complete and capitalization must cease involves a degree of judgment. The Company adopts the capitalization policy on development properties which is guided by ASC Topic 835-20 “ Interest – Capitalization of Interest ” and ASC Topic 970 “ Real Estate - General ”. The costs of land and buildings under development include specifically identifiable costs. The capitalized costs include pre-construction costs essential to the development of the property, development costs, construction costs, interest costs, salaries and related costs and other costs incurred during the period of development. The Company considers a construction project as substantially completed and held available for occupancy upon the receipt of certificates of occupancy, but no later than one year from cessation of major construction activity. The Company ceases capitalization on the portion (1) substantially completed and (2) occupied or held available for occupancy, and the Company capitalizes only those costs associated with the portion under construction.

The Company capitalizes leasing costs which include commissions paid to outside brokers, legal costs incurred to negotiate and document a lease agreement and any internal costs that may be applicable. The Company allocates these costs to individual tenant leases and amortizes them over the related lease term.

Finance leases

· Rental concession

The Company leases retail and office spaces to the tenants under operating lease arrangements. The Company receives rental income over a stated period of time from the real estate properties it leased out. Rental income is recognized over the life of the operating lease agreement as it is earned in the period under ASC Topic 970-605. The typical leases contain initial terms of one to two years with renewal options and do not contain escalating rent amounts. Under the lease agreement with Le Apple Boutique Hotel KLCC, the initial term of lease is one year. Provided that there are no existing breaches by the tenant, an irrecoverable annual renewal option is granted for up to twenty-nine years, with a maximum aggregate term of thirty years. Six-months’ rent-free period under the operating lease agreement is treated as long-term rent concession, which is being amortized as an offset to revenues collected over the term of the underlying lease of 30 years on a straight-line basis.

	As of October 31,
	2019		2018
Rental concession:
Current portion	$	26,350	$	26,304
Non-current portion		608,257		633,484
Total	$	634,607	$	659,788

The estimated amortization on long-term rent concession in the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Period ending October 31:
2020	$	26,350
2021		26,350
2022		26,350
2023		26,350
2024		26,350
Thereafter		502,857
Total	$	634,607

As of October 31, 2019, the minimum future rental receivables on the commercial properties to be collectible in the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

Period ending October 31:
2020	$	1,627,979
2021		1,573,123
2022		1,554,677
2023		1,554,677
2024		1,554,677
Thereafter		29,668,424
Total	$	37,533,557

The Company also records operating costs directly attributable to the leasing properties, such as real estate taxes, depreciation of the leased properties and maintenance fees, which are charged to expense when incurred.

Revenue recognition

· Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition applicable from 1 November 2018

The Company recognizes its revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Revenue is measured based on a consideration specified in a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer, usually upon delivery of palm oil fruit bunches and durian fruits. There are no significant payments terms, no significant financing component or any variable consideration. All of the company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized in one geographical market in Malaysia, and one major product line, and plantation sales are transferred at a point in time.

Revenue recognition applicable until 31 October 2019

We recognize our revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition”, upon the delivery of our plantation products when: (1) title and risk of loss are transferred; (2) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (3) there are no continuing obligations to the customer; and (4) the collection of related accounts receivable is probable. Our sale arrangements do not contain general rights of return.

(a)       Plantation sales

Revenue from plantation sales include the sale of palm oil fruit bunches and sale of durian fruits. The sale is recognized upon confirmation of the weight of produce and transport to the customer, when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred and risk of loss has passed, the sales price is fixed or determinable at the date of sale, and collectibility is reasonably assured. For the year ended October 31, 2019, sale of palm oil palm and durian was $286,084. For the year ended October 31, 2018, sales of palm oil was $164,947.

(b)       Rental income

The Company generally leases the units under operating leases with terms of two years or less. For the years ended Oct 31, 2019 and 2018, we have recorded $1,632,055 and $1,364,639, respectively, in lease revenue, based upon its annual rental over the life of the lease under operating lease, using the straight-line method in accordance with ASC Topic 970-605, “Real Estate – General – Revenue Recognition” (“ASC Topic 970-605”).

As of October 31, 2019, the commercial buildings for lease are as follows:

Name of Commercial building	Number of units (by floor)	Footage area (square feet)	Vacancy percentage
Megan Avenue	12	19,987	33%
Le Apple Boutique Hotel KLCC (fka “Menara CMY”)	15	91,848	0%

The Company expects to record approximately $1.62 million in annual lease revenue under the operating lease arrangements in the next twelve months, through October 31, 2020.

Rental concession

· Rental concession

The Company leases retail and office spaces to the tenants under operating lease arrangements. The Company receives rental income over a stated period of time from the real estate properties it leased out. Rental income is recognized over the life of the operating lease agreement as it is earned in the period under ASC Topic 970-605. The typical leases contain initial terms of one to two years with renewal options and do not contain escalating rent amounts. Under the lease agreement with Le Apple Boutique Hotel KLCC, the initial term of lease is one year. Provided that there are no existing breaches by the tenant, an irrecoverable annual renewal option is granted for up to twenty-nine years, with a maximum aggregate term of thirty years. Six-months’ rent-free period under the operating lease agreement is treated as long-term rent concession, which is being amortized as an offset to revenues collected over the term of the underlying lease of 30 years on a straight-line basis.

	As of October 31,
	2019		2018
Rental concession:
Current portion	$	26,350	$	26,304
Non-current portion		608,257		633,484
Total	$	634,607	$	659,788

The estimated amortization on long-term rent concession in the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

Period ending October 31:
2020	$	26,350
2021		26,350
2022		26,350
2023		26,350
2024		26,350
Thereafter		502,857
Total	$	634,607

As of October 31, 2019, the minimum future rental receivables on the commercial properties to be collectible in the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

Period ending October 31:
2020	$	1,627,979
2021		1,573,123
2022		1,554,677
2023		1,554,677
2024		1,554,677
Thereafter		29,668,424
Total	$	37,533,557

The Company also records operating costs directly attributable to the leasing properties, such as real estate taxes, depreciation of the leased properties and maintenance fees, which are charged to expense when incurred.

Cost of revenues

· Cost of revenues

Costs of revenue on plantation sales includes material supplies, subcontracting costs and transportation costs incurred for planting, fertilizing and harvesting the oil palm tree and durian tree. Transportation and handling costs associated with the distribution of fresh fruit bunches and durians fruits to the customers are also included in cost of revenues.

Costs related to real estate business shown on the accompanying statements of operations include costs associated with land tax, on-site and property management personnel, repairs and maintenance, property insurance, marketing, landscaping and other on-site and related administrative costs. Utility expenses are paid directly by tenants.

Comprehensive income

· Comprehensive income

ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income” establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income as defined includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income, as presented in the accompanying statements of stockholders’ equity consists of changes in unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation and cumulative net change in the fair value of available-for-sale investments held at the balance sheet date. This comprehensive income is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit.

Noncontrolling interests

· Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests represent the equity interest in the capital contributions, income and loss of less than wholly-owned and consolidated entities that is not attributable to the Company.

Income taxes

· Income taxes

Income taxes are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC Topic 740”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.

The Company conducts major businesses in Malaysia and is subject to tax in its own jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the local and foreign tax authorities.

Foreign currencies translation

· Foreign currencies translation

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.

The reporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US$. In addition, the Company maintains its books and record in a local currency, Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR” or “RM”), which is functional currency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which the entity operates.

In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity. The gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.

Translation of amounts from the local currency of the Company into US$1 has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective years:

	As of and for the year ended October 31,
	2019		2018
Year-end MYR : US$1 exchange rate		4.1745		4.1819
Yearly average MYR : US$1 exchange rate		4.1653		4.0248

Related parties

· Related parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

Segment reporting

· Segment reporting

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organization structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements. During the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company operates in two reportable operating segments in Malaysia.

Fair value of financial instruments

· Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments (excluding obligation under finance lease, long-term bank loans and marketable securities at fair value): cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, deposits and other receivables, amount due to a related party and other payables approximate at their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

Management believes based on the current market prices or interest rates for similar debt instruments, the fair value of its obligation under finance lease and long-term bank loans approximates the carrying amount.

The Company also follows the guidance of the ASC Topic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” ("ASC 820-10"), with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

· Level 1 : Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

· Level 2 : Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

· Level 3 : Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions

The following table summarizes information on the fair value measurement of the Company’s financial assets as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, measured at fair value, grouped by the categories described above:

	Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1)		Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)		Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
As of October 31, 2019
Marketable securities at fair value	$	186,835	$	–	$	–
As of October 31, 2018
Marketable securities at fair value	$	172,532	$	–	$	–

As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements, at least annually, on a recurring basis, nor did the Company have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Adoption of new accounting standards

· Adoption of new accounting standards

On 1 November 2018, the company adopted ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

The adoption of this Topic does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. There have been no significant judgments or changes in judgments made in applying the guidance in this Topic. There were no contract assets or liabilities recognized at year end.

On 1 November 2018, the company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326).

The adoption of this Topic does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. There have been no significant judgments or changes in judgments made in applying the guidance in this Topic.

The adoption of the other new accounting standards did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements

· Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements .

In February 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-06; Plan Accounting: Defined Benefit Pension Plans (Topic 960), Defined Contribution Pension Plans (Topic 962), Health and Welfare Benefit Plans (Topic 965): Employee Benefit Plan Master Trust Reporting (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The amendments in this ASU requires an employee benefit plan within the scope of Topic 960,1 962,2 or 9653 to present its interest in a master trust and the change in its interest in that master trust as single line items in the statement of net assets available for benefits and the statement of changes in net assets available for benefits, respectively. In addition, the amendments update and align the disclosure requirements for an interest in a master trust across Topics 960, 962, and 965. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in the ASU should be adopted on a retrospective basis. We do not expect that adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-08; Receivables—Non refundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The amendments in this ASU shortens the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, it requires the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount. The discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-11; Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480): Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Non public Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non controlling Interests with a Scope Exception. The guidance is intended to reduce the complexity associated with issuers’ accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, a down round feature (as defined) would no longer cause a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or an embedded conversion option) to be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-12; Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The guidance in this ASU will result in the simplification of certain accounting requirements for hedging activities, resolve hedge accounting practice issues that have arisen under the current guidance, and better align hedge accounting with an organization’s risk management activities. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the amendments for existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-15; Codification Improvements to Topic 995, U.S. Steamship Entities: Elimination of Topic 995. The amendments in this ASU affect all entities that have unrecognized deferred taxes related to statutory reserve deposits that were made on or before December 15, 1992. Entities are required to recognize the unrecognized income taxes in accordance with Topic 740. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate that adoption of this ASU to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-02; Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in the ASU addresses the accounting issue pertaining to the deferred tax amounts that are “stranded” in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Act). We do not expect that the adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2018, FASB issued Accounting standards Update 2018-06; Codification Improvements to Topic 942 Financial Services – Depository and Lending which supersedes outdated guidance related to the office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s Baking Circular 202, Accounting for Net Deferred Tax Charges (Circular 202). The amendments in this update remove outdated guidance related to Circular 202 and is effective upon issuance of this update. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07—Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting which is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-08—Not-For-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made which clarifies and improves the scope and accounting guidance around contributions of cash and other assets received and made by not-for-profit organizations and business enterprises. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2018 (serving as resource recipient) and December 15, 2018 (serving as resource provider), including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09—Codification Improvements which clarifies, corrects errors in, and makes improvements to several Codification Topics, including to:

- Clarify when excess tax benefits should be recognized for share-based compensation awards

- Remove inconsistent guidance in income tax accounting for business combinations

- Clarify the circumstances when derivatives may be offset

- Clarify the measurement of liability or equity-classified financial instruments when an identical asset is held as an asset

- Allow portfolios of financial instruments and nonfinancial instruments accounted for as derivatives to use the portfolio exception to valuation

The transition and effective date guidance is based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments in this Update do not require transition guidance and will be effective upon issuance of this Update. However, many of the amendments in this Update do have transition guidance with effective dates for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10—Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases which clarifies and corrects unintended application of narrow aspects of the lease accounting guidance. For entities that have not adopted Topic 842, the effective date and transition requirements will be the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 842. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11—Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which simplifies transition requirements and, for lessors, provides a practical expedient for the non separation of non-lease components from lease components if certain conditions are met. For entities that have not adopted Topic 842 before the issuance of this Update, the effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this Update related to separating components of a contract are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Update 2016-02. The practical expedient may be elected either in the first reporting period following the issuance of this Update or at the original effective date of Topic 842 for that entity. The practical expedient may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12—Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts which improves financial reporting for insurance companies that issue long-duration contracts, such as life insurance, disability income, long-term care, and annuities. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application of the amendments is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13—Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement which improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of this Update. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14—Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans which improves disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This standard is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, for public business entities. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15—Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs that are incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract or incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosing arrangements that include an internal –use software license). This standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this Update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for all entities. The amendments in this Update should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 805): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The ASU amends ASC 815 to add the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a fifth US benchmark interest rate. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-17: Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. This standard expands the application of a specific private company accounting alternative related to VIEs and changes the guidance for determining whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606. The ASU amends ASC 808 to clarify ASC 606 should apply in entirety to certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The ASU changes the effective date of ASU 2016-13 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Thus, the effective date for such entities’ annual financial statements is now aligned with that for these interim financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842): Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors. The amendments are designed to make lessors adoption of the new leases standard easier such as accounting policy election on sales tax, exclude variable payments for all lessor costs, and clarification on lessor costs. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2019, FASB Issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2019, FASB Issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-02, Leases (Topic 842): Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2019, FASB Issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-03, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Updating the Definition of Collections (Topic 958). We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements as the ASU is applicable to not-for-profit entities.

In April 2019, FASB Issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-04 Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. The ASU 2019-04 clarifies and improves guidance within the recently issued standards on credit losses, hedging, and recognition and measurement of financial instruments: The effective dates for amendments related to ASUs 2016-13 and 2017-12 align with the effective dates of those standards, unless an entity has already adopted one or both. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2019, FASB Issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-05, Targeted Transition Relief. ASU 2019-05 provides transition relief for ASU 2016-13 (“credit losses standard”) by providing entities with an alternative to irrevocably elect the fair value option for eligible financial assets measured at amortized cost upon adoption of the new credit losses standard. For entities that have not yet adopted ASU 2016-13, the effective dates are the same as those in ASU 2016-13. For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted once ASU 2016-13 has been adopted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2019, FASB Issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-06, Extending the Private Company Accounting Alternatives on Goodwill and Certain Identifiable Intangible Assets to Not-for-Profit Entities. The amendments are affective upon issuance of the ASU. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2019, the ASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-08-Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Codification Improvements-Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer. This ASU will affect companies that issue share-based payments (e.g., options or warrants) to their customers. Similar to issuing a cash rebate to a customer, issuing a share-based payment to a customer can incentivize additional purchases. The share-based payments can also serve a strategic purpose by aligning the interests of a supplier and its customer, because the customer’s additional purchases increase its investment in the supplier. For entities that have not yet adopted the amendments in Update 2018-07, the amendments in this update are effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material affect on our consolidate financial statements.

In November 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-09-Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944). This ASU will affect companies that issue share-based payments (e.g., options or warrants) to their customers. Similar to issuing a cash rebate to a customer, issuing a share-based payment to a customer can incentivize additional purchases. The share-based payments can also serve a strategic purpose by aligning the interests of a supplier and its customer, because the customer’s additional purchases increase its investment in the supplier. The amendments in this Update are effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-10-Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates. This ASU discusses the FASB’s proposed ASU Codification Improvements to Hedge Accounting, which would clarify certain amendments made by ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, to the guidance in ASC 815 on hedging activities. The FASB issued the proposal in response to feedback and questions received from stakeholders related to their implementation of ASU 2017-12. The ASU also discusses the recent issuance of FASB ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates. The ASU provides a framework to stagger effective dates for future major accounting standards and amends the effective dates for certain major new accounting standards to give implementation relief to certain types of entities. Specifically, ASU 2019-10 changes some effective dates for ASU 2017-12 on hedging, ASU 2016-02 on leasing, ASU 2016-13 on current expected credit losses, and ASU 2017-04 on simplifying the goodwill impairment test. The amendments in this Update amend the mandatory effective dates Credit Losses for all entities as follows or fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The effective dates for Hedging after applying this update are as follows: for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The effective dates for Leases after applying this Update are as follows for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-12-Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU summarizes the FASB’s recently issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12, simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance in ASC 740. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2020-01-Investments-Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)-Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. This ASU clarifies the interaction between accounting standards related to equity securities (ASC 321), equity method investments (ASC 323), and certain derivatives (ASC815). The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

The Company has reviewed all other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and do not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may be expected to cause a material impact on its financial condition or the results of its operations.