10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

or

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from _______________________to____________________________

Commission File No. 000-53895

Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 01-0921132 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

14 Philips Parkway, Montvale, NJ  07645

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(800) 942-5550

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes x     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company	x ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨     No x

As of November 5, 2019, there were 207.7026 shares of LLC Membership Interest outstanding.

Table of Contents

			PAGE
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements		1
		Unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1
		Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	2
		Unaudited Condensed Statements of Changes in Members’ Capital for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	3
		Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	4
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		11
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		17
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		17
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		17
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		17
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		17
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities		17
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures		17
Item 5.	Other Information		17
Item 6.	Exhibits		18
	SIGNATURES		19

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND, LLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,597		$	2,124
Production receivable		361			338
Due from affiliate (Note 3)		14			50
Other current assets		55			48
Total current assets		2,027			2,560
Salvage fund		1,831			1,710
Oil and gas properties:
Proved properties		20,104			20,663
Less:  accumulated depletion and amortization		(10,978	)		(9,405	)
Total oil and gas properties, net		9,126			11,258
Total assets	$	12,984		$	15,528
Liabilities and Members' Capital
Current liabilities:
Due to operators	$	71		$	618
Accrued expenses		77			43
Current portion of long-term borrowings		916			945
Total current liabilities		1,064			1,606
Long-term borrowings		1,184			2,256
Asset retirement obligations		1,463			1,446
Total liabilities		3,711			5,308
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Members' capital:
Manager:
Distributions		(5,347	)		(5,129	)
Retained earnings		6,373			6,054
Manager's total		1,026			925
Shareholders:
Capital contributions (250 shares authorized;
207.7026 issued and outstanding)		41,143			41,143
Syndication costs		(4,804	)		(4,804	)
Distributions		(37,059	)		(35,829	)
Retained earnings		8,965			8,784
Shareholders' total		8,245			9,294
Accumulated other comprehensive income		2			1
Total members' capital		9,273			10,220
Total liabilities and members' capital	$	12,984		$	15,528

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

1 

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND, LLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended  September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue
Oil and gas revenue	$	1,023		$	1,092		$	2,938		$	3,719
Other revenue		56			-			179			-
Total revenue		1,079			1,092			3,117			3,719
Expenses
Depletion and amortization		548			636			1,549			2,598
Operating expenses		131			156			426			443
Management fees to affiliate (Note 3)		93			93			280			280
General and administrative expenses		63			50			185			143
Total expenses		835			935			2,440			3,464
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		-			899			-			899
Income from operations		244			1,056			677			1,154
Other (loss) income
Gain on debt extinguishment		-			1,313			-			1,313
Interest expense, net		(48	)		(103	)		(177	)		(389	)
Total other (loss) income		(48	)		1,210			(177	)		924
Net income		196			2,266			500			2,078
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		-			-			1			(1	)
Total comprehensive income	$	196		$	2,266		$	501		$	2,077
Manager Interest
Net income	$	114		$	134		$	319		$	423
Shareholder Interest
Net income	$	82		$	2,132		$	181		$	1,655
Net income per share	$	395		$	10,262		$	871		$	7,968

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

2 

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND, LLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES

IN MEMBERS’ CAPITAL

(in thousands, except share data)

	Nine months ended September 30, 2019
										Accumulated Other
										Comprehensive
		# of Shares		Manager			Shareholders			Income		Total
Balances, December 31, 2018		207.7026	$	925		$	9,294		$	1	$	10,220
Distributions		-		(78	)		(437	)		-		(515	)
Net income		-		92			15			-		107
Balances, March 31, 2019		207.7026		939			8,872			1		9,812
Distributions		-		(61	)		(349	)		-		(410	)
Net income		-		113			84			-		197
Other comprehensive income		-		-			-			1		1
Balances, June 30, 2019		207.7026		991			8,607			2		9,600
Distributions		-		(79	)		(444	)		-		(523	)
Net income		-		114			82			-		196
Balances, September 30, 2019		207.7026	$	1,026		$	8,245		$	2	$	9,273

	Nine months ended September 30, 2018
								Accumulated Other
								Comprehensive
	# of Shares		Manager		Shareholders			Income			Total
Balances, December 31, 2017	207.7026	$	426	$	7,882		$	2		$	8,310
Net income (loss)	-		154		(160	)		-			(6	)
Other comprehensive loss	-		-		-			(1	)		(1	)
Balances, March 31, 2018	207.7026		580		7,722			1			8,303
Net income (loss)	-		135		(317	)		-			(182	)
Balances, June 30, 2018	207.7026		715		7,405			1			8,121
Net income	-		134		2,132			-			2,266
Balances, September 30, 2018	207.7026	$	849	$	9,537		$	1		$	10,387

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

3 

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND, LLC

UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Nine months ended  September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	500		$	2,078
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depletion and amortization		1,549			2,598
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		-			(899	)
Accretion expense		17			16
Gain on debt extinguishment		-			(1,313	)
Amortization of debt discounts		3			-
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in production receivable		(23	)		268
Decrease in due from affiliate		36			-
Increase in other current assets		(7	)		(21	)
Decrease in due to operators		(49	)		(20	)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses		34			(2	)
Settlement of asset retirement obligations		-			(13	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		2,060			2,692
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures for oil and gas properties		(375	)		(1,673	)
Reimbursement from operator for capital expenditures		460			-
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties		-			3,099
Increase in salvage fund		(120	)		(126	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(35	)		1,300
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of long-term borrowings		(1,104	)		(3,966	)
Distributions		(1,448	)		-
Net cash used in financing activities		(2,552	)		(3,966	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(527	)		26
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		2,124			2,423
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,597		$	2,449
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	189		$	396
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities
Due to operators for accrued capital expenditures for oil and gas properties	$	11		$	534

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

4 

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND, LLC

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

The Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC (the “Fund”), a Delaware limited liability company, was formed on February 3, 2009 and operates pursuant to a limited liability company agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) dated as of March 2, 2009 by and among Ridgewood Energy Corporation (the “Manager”) and the shareholders of the Fund, which addresses matters such as the authority and voting rights of the Manager and shareholders, capitalization, transferability of membership interests, participation in costs and revenues, distribution of assets and dissolution and winding up. The Fund was organized to primarily acquire interests in oil and gas properties located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico.

The Manager has direct and exclusive control over the management of the Fund’s operations. The Manager performs, or arranges for the performance of, the management, advisory and administrative services required for the Fund’s operations. Such services include, without limitation, the administration of shareholder accounts, shareholder relations, the preparation, review and dissemination of tax and other financial information and the management of the Fund’s investments in projects. In addition, the Manager provides office space, equipment and facilities and other services necessary for the Fund’s operations. The Manager also engages and manages contractual relations with unaffiliated custodians, depositories, accountants, attorneys, corporate fiduciaries, insurers, banks and others as required. See Notes 3, 4 and 5.

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared by the Fund’s management in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Fund’s financial position, results of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements. The financial position, results of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of future financial results. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s December 31, 2018 financial statements and notes thereto included in the Fund’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2018 Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, but does not include all annual disclosures required by GAAP.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Manager reviews its estimates, including those related to the fair value of financial instruments, depletion and amortization, determination of proved reserves, impairment of long-lived assets and asset retirement obligations. Actual results may differ from those estimates. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Fund has provided discussion of significant accounting policies in Note 1 of “Notes to Financial Statements” – “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” contained in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” within its 2018 Annual Report. There have been no significant changes to the Fund’s significant accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Fair Value Measurements

The Fund follows the accounting guidance for fair value measurement for measuring fair value of assets and liabilities in its financial statements. The Fund’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, production receivable, due from affiliate, other current assets, salvage fund, due to operators, accrued expenses and long-term debt. Except for long-term debt, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

5 

Mortgage-backed securities within the salvage fund are recorded based on Level 2 inputs, as such instruments trade in over-the-counter markets. The Fund’s long-term debt is valued using an income approach and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by discounting future cash payments of principal and interest to a present value amount using a market yield for debt instruments with similar terms, maturities and credit ratings. The Fund also applies the provisions of the fair value measurement accounting guidance to its non-financial assets and liabilities, such as oil and gas properties and asset retirement obligations, on a non-recurring basis.

Salvage Fund

The Fund deposits cash in a separate interest-bearing account, or salvage fund, to provide for the dismantling and removal of production platforms and facilities and plugging and abandoning its wells at the end of their useful lives in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund had investments in federal agency mortgage-backed securities as detailed in the following table, which are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried in the financial statements at fair value.

			Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Value
	(in thousands)
Government National Mortgage Association security (GNMA July 2041)
September 30, 2019	$	36	$	2	$	38
December 31, 2018	$	36	$	1	$	37

The unrealized gains on the Fund's investments in federal agency mortgage-backed securities were the result of fluctuations in market interest rates. The contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale debt securities are reported in other comprehensive income until realized.

For all investments, interest income is accrued as earned and amortization of premium or discount, if any, is included in interest income. Interest earned on the account will become part of the salvage fund. There are no restrictions on withdrawals from the salvage fund.

Asset Retirement Obligations

For oil and gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. Upon the determination that a property is either proved or dry, a retirement obligation is incurred. The Fund recognizes the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period incurred based on expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the obligation discounted at the Fund’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs. Annually, or more frequently if an event occurs that would dictate a change in assumptions or estimates underlying the obligations, the Fund reassesses its asset retirement obligations to determine whether any revisions to the obligations are necessary. The Fund maintains a salvage fund to provide for the funding of future asset retirement obligations.

Revenue Recognition

Oil and gas revenues are recognized at the point when control of oil and natural gas is transferred to the customers. Natural gas liquid sales are included within gas sales. The Fund’s oil and natural gas generally are sold to its customers at prevailing market prices based on an index in which the prices are published, adjusted for pricing differentials, quality of oil and pipeline allowances. Under the Fund’s oil and natural gas contracts, each unit of oil and natural gas represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and the transaction price related to the remaining performance obligations is the variable index-based price attributable to each unit of oil and natural gas that is transferred to the customer. The Fund invoices customers once its performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point the payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Fund’s oil and natural gas contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The receivables related to the Fund’s oil and gas revenue are included within “Production receivable” on the Fund’s balance sheets.

6 

Other revenue is generated from the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties. The Fund simply earns a fee for its services and recognizes these fees as revenue at the time its performance obligations are satisfied as the control of oil and natural gas is never transferred to the Fund, thus there are no unsatisfied performance obligations. The Fund’s project operator performs joint interest billing once the performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point the payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties does not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The receivables related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from an affiliate are included within “Due from affiliate” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from third parties are presented as a reduction from “Due to operator” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables are settled by issuance of a non-cash credit from the Beta Project operator to the Fund when the operator performs the joint interest billing of the lease operating expenses due from the Fund.

The Fund also has an estimation process for revenue and related accruals, and any identified difference between its revenue estimates and actual revenue has not been significant. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was not significant.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Fund reviews the carrying value of its oil and gas properties for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the recorded carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Impairments are determined by comparing estimated future net undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value of the assets at the time of the review. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value of the asset is written down to fair value, which is determined using valuation techniques that include both market and income approaches and use Level 3 inputs. The fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to change. Different pricing assumptions, reserve estimates or discount rates could result in a different calculated impairment. 

There were no impairments of oil and gas properties during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Fluctuations in oil and natural gas commodity prices may impact the fair value of the Fund’s oil and gas properties. If oil and natural gas commodity prices decline, even if only for a short period of time, it is possible that impairments of oil and gas properties will occur. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance on fair value measurement, which adds, among other things, disclosure requirements for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This accounting guidance is effective for the Fund in the first quarter 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Fund does not expect this accounting guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance on leases as amended on January 2018 and July 2018, which requires an entity to recognize all lease assets and liabilities with a term greater than one year on the balance sheet, disclose key quantitative and qualitative information about leasing arrangements, and permits an entity not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously assessed under the existing lease guidance. The accounting guidance does not apply to leases of mineral rights to explore for or use of oil and natural gas. The accounting guidance was effective for the Fund beginning January 1, 2019. Although the Fund, as a non-operator, does not enter into lease agreements to support its operations, the Fund completed its evaluation of existing contracts that may have a lease impact and embedded lease features to determine the contracts to which the new guidance applies. Based on this evaluation, the Fund determined its existing contracts did not meet the definition of leases under the new accounting guidance and therefore, did not qualify for lease accounting.

2. Oil and Gas Properties

The Fund as well as other funds managed by the Manager that invested in the Beta Project elected not to participate in the drilling of the 8th well proposed by Walter Oil and Gas Corporation. As a result, the Fund was due reimbursement for a portion of the cost relating to the slot on the Beta Project platform that was utilized by the other third-party working interest owners for the 8th well. On July 17, 2019, the Fund and the other third-party working interest owners in the Beta Project agreed to a reimbursement to the Fund of $0.5 million, which was recorded as a reduction to oil and gas properties on the Fund’s balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 and presented as “Reimbursement from operator for capital expenditures” in the investing section of the Fund’s statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The amount received was utilized by the Fund to repay a portion of the long-term debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement (defined below).

7 

On August 10, 2018, the Fund entered into a purchase and sale agreement (“PSA”) to sell a portion of the Fund’s working interest in the Beta Project to Walter Oil & Gas Corporation and Gordy Oil Company (collectively the “Buyers”) with an effective date of January 1, 2018. Certain other funds managed by the Manager were also parties to the PSA. The Fund had a 2.0% working interest in the Beta Project and sold a 0.364% working interest to the Buyers for a total purchase price of $3.3 million, subject to purchase price and customary post-closing adjustments. The transaction closed on August 10, 2018 and the Fund received $3.1 million in cash, which included preliminary purchase price adjustments primarily related to the net cash flows from the effective date to the closing date.

The net carrying value of the working interest sold as of the closing date was approximately $2.2 million and the related asset retirement obligation was approximately $40 thousand. A gain to the Fund of approximately $0.9 million was recognized in third quarter 2018, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. During fourth quarter 2018, the Fund recognized a post-closing adjustment in the amount of $34 thousand, which was recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price and a reduction to gain on sale of oil and gas properties. The proceeds from the sale were utilized by the Fund to repay a portion of the long-term debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement (defined below).

3. Related Parties

Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee, payable monthly, of 2.5% of total capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund, however, the Manager is permitted to waive the management fee at its own discretion. Therefore, the management fee may be temporarily waived to accommodate the Fund’s short-term commitments. Management fees during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The Manager is also entitled to receive 15% of the cash distributions from operations made by the Fund. Distributions paid to the Manager during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The Fund did not pay distributions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Fund utilizes Beta Sales and Transport, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager, to facilitate the transportation and sale of oil and natural gas produced from the Beta Project.

During 2016, the Fund and other third-party working interest owners in the Beta Project entered into a production handling, gathering and operating services agreement (“PHA”) with Ridgewood Claiborne, LLC, a wholly-owned entity of Ridgewood Energy Oil & Gas Fund II, L.P. (“Institutional Fund II”), and other third-party working interest owners in the Claiborne Project. Institutional Fund II is an entity that is managed by the Fund’s Manager. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Fund earned $14 thousand and $45 thousand, respectively, representing its proportionate share of the production handling fees earned from Institutional Fund II, which is included within “Other revenue” on the Fund’s statements of operations. There were no such amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund’s receivables of $14 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from Institutional Fund II are included within “Due from affiliate” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables are settled by issuance of a non-cash credit from the Beta Project operator to the Fund on behalf of the Claiborne Project working interest owners when the operator performs the joint interest billing of the lease operating expenses due from the Fund. The revenue received from the PHA is utilized by the Fund to repay a portion of the long-term debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement (defined below) until the loan is repaid in full, in no event later than December 31, 2022.

At times, short-term payables and receivables, which do not bear interest, arise from transactions with affiliates in the ordinary course of business.

The Fund has working interest ownership in certain oil and natural gas projects, which are also owned by other entities that are likewise managed by the Manager.

4. Credit Agreement – Beta Project Financing

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund had outstanding borrowings of $2.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, under its credit agreement dated November 27, 2012, as amended on September 30, 2016, September 15, 2017, June 1, 2018 and August 10, 2018 (the “Credit Agreement”). As of September 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the debt was $2.0 million.

8 

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at 8.75% compounded monthly. Principal and interest payments are based on the fixed percentage of the Fund’s Net Revenue, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Beginning on April 1, 2019 and each April 1^st thereafter, the Fund’s fixed percentage is the greater of (i) 30% or (ii) the Fixed Reassessment Percentage, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Fixed Reassessment Percentage is determined annually beginning April 1, 2019 and each April 1^st thereafter, and is based on the Fund’s ratio of its outstanding debt as of the reassessment date relative to 80% of third-party reserve engineer’s proved plus probable future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the Beta Project through the maturity of the loan. As of April 1, 2019, the Fund’s fixed percentage was determined to be 30%. The loan may be prepaid by the Fund without premium or penalty. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Fund also agreed to convey a fixed percentage of 10.81% overriding royalty interest in its working interest in the Beta Project to the lenders, which will become payable to the lenders on January 1, 2023.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the unamortized debt discounts related to the loan of $12 thousand and $15 thousand, respectively, were presented as a reduction of “Long-term borrowings” on the Fund’s balance sheets. Amortization expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $1 thousand and $3 thousand, respectively, was included on the Fund’s statements of operations within “Interest expense, net”. There were no such amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no accrued interest costs outstanding. Interest costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, were included on the Fund’s statements of operations within “Interest expense, net”. Interest costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, were included on the Fund’s statements of operations within “Interest expense, net”.

The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants, with which the Fund was in compliance as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

During third quarter 2018, the Fund determined that the terms of the fourth amendment to the Credit Agreement met the conditions of debt extinguishment pursuant to Accounting Standard Codification 470-50 Debt: Modification and Extinguishments guidance in a non-troubled debt restructuring. As a result, the Fund recorded a gain on debt extinguishment of $1.3 million, which was recorded within “Other (loss) income” in its statements of operations. The gain on debt extinguishment primarily represents non-cash gains associated with the change in the fair value of ORRI conveyed to the lenders totaling $1.3 million and the difference between the fair value of the new debt and the carrying amount of the old debt totaling $16 thousand.

5. Commitments and Contingencies

Capital Commitments

As of September 30, 2019, the Fund’s estimated capital commitments related to its oil and gas properties were $2.7 million (which include asset retirement obligations for the Fund’s projects of $1.9 million), of which $4 thousand is expected to be spent during the next twelve months. Future results of operations and cash flows are dependent on the related production of oil and gas revenues from the Beta Project.

Based upon its current cash position and its current reserve estimates, the Fund expects cash flow from operations to be sufficient to cover its commitments, borrowing repayments and ongoing operations. Reserve estimates are projections based on engineering data that cannot be measured with precision, require substantial judgment, and are subject to frequent revision.

Environmental and Governmental Regulations

Many aspects of the oil and gas industry are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. The Manager and operators of the Fund’s properties are continually taking action they believe appropriate to satisfy applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations. However, due to the significant public and governmental interest in environmental matters related to those activities, the Manager cannot predict the effects of possible future legislation, rule changes, or governmental or private claims. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no known environmental contingencies that required adjustment to, or disclosure in, the Fund’s financial statements.

9 

Oil and gas industry legislation and administrative regulations are periodically changed for a variety of political, economic, and other reasons. Any such future laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s operating results and cash flows. It is not possible at this time to predict whether such legislation or regulation, if proposed, will be adopted as initially written, if at all, or how legislation or new regulation that may be adopted would impact the Fund’s business.

BOEM Notice to Lessees on Supplemental Bonding

On July 14, 2016, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (“BOEM”) issued a Notice to Lessees (“NTL”) that discontinued and materially replaced existing policies and procedures regarding financial security (i.e. supplemental bonding) for decommissioning obligations of lessees of federal oil and gas leases and owners of pipeline rights-of-way, rights-of use and easements on the Outer Continental Shelf (“Lessees”).  Generally, the NTL (i) ended the practice of excusing Lessees from providing such additional security where co-lessees had sufficient financial strength to meet such decommissioning obligations, (ii) established new criteria for determining financial strength and additional security requirements of such Lessees, (iii) provided acceptable forms of such additional security and (iv) replaced the waiver system with one of self-insurance. The rule became effective as of September 12, 2016; however on January 6, 2017, the BOEM announced that it was suspending the implementation timeline for six months in certain circumstances. On June 22, 2017, the BOEM announced that the implementation timeline extension will remain in effect pending the completion of its review of the NTL. As of September 30, 2019, the BOEM has not completed its review nor has the NTL been enforced.  The impact of the NTL, if enforced without change or amendment, may require the Fund to fully secure all of its potential abandonment liabilities to the BOEM’s satisfaction using one or more of the enumerated methods for doing so.  Potentially this could increase costs to the Fund if the Fund is required to obtain additional supplemental bonding, fund escrow accounts or obtain letters of credit.

Insurance Coverage

The Fund is subject to all risks inherent in the oil and natural gas business. Insurance coverage as is customary for entities engaged in similar operations is maintained, but losses may occur from uninsurable risks or amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence of an event that is not insured or not fully insured could have a material adverse impact upon earnings and financial position. Moreover, insurance is obtained as a package covering all of the entities managed by the Manager. Depending on the extent, nature and payment of claims made by the Fund or other entities managed by the Manager, yearly insurance coverage may be exhausted and become insufficient to cover a claim by the Fund in a given year.

10 

ITEM 2.            MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and the documents Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC (the “Fund”) has incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Fund’s business plans, strategies, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are based on current expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. You are therefore cautioned against relying on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by words such as “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “target,” “pursue,” “may,” “will,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions and references to future periods. Examples of events that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated include weather conditions, such as hurricanes, changes in market and other conditions affecting the pricing, production and demand of oil and natural gas, the cost and availability of equipment, and changes in domestic and foreign governmental regulations. Examples of forward-looking statements made herein include statements regarding projects, investments, insurance, capital expenditures and liquidity. Forward-looking statements made in this document speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Fund undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There were no changes to the Fund’s critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Overview of the Fund’s Business

The Fund was organized primarily to acquire interests in oil and natural gas properties located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate cash flow for distribution to its shareholders by generating returns across a portfolio of oil and natural gas projects. Distributions to shareholders are made in accordance with the Fund’s limited liability company agreement (the “LLC Agreement”).

Ridgewood Energy Corporation (the “Manager”) is the Manager, and as such, has direct and exclusive control over the management of the Fund’s operations. The Manager performs, or arranges for the performance of, the management, advisory and administrative services required for the Fund’s operations. As compensation for its services, the Manager is entitled to an annual management fee, payable monthly, equal to 2.5% of the total capital contributions made by the Fund’s shareholders, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund. The Fund does not currently, nor is there any plan to, operate any project in which the Fund participates. The Manager enters into operating agreements with third-party operators for the management of all exploration, development and producing operations, as appropriate. The Manager also participates in distributions.

Commodity Price Changes

Changes in oil and natural gas commodity prices may significantly affect liquidity and expected operating results. Declines in oil and natural gas commodity prices not only reduce revenues and profits but could also reduce the quantities of reserves that are commercially recoverable and result in non-cash charges to earnings due to impairment.

Oil and natural gas commodity prices have been subject to significant fluctuations during the past several years. The Fund anticipates price cyclicality in its planning and believes it is well positioned to withstand price volatility. The Fund will continue to closely manage and coordinate its capital spending estimates within its expected cash flows to provide for future development costs of its producing projects, as budgeted. See “Results of Operations” under this Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report for more information on the average oil and natural gas prices received by the Fund during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and the effect of such average prices on the Fund’s results of operations. If oil and natural gas commodity prices decline, even if only for a short period of time, the Fund’s results of operations and liquidity will be adversely impacted.

11 

Market pricing for oil and natural gas is volatile and is likely to continue to be volatile in the future. This volatility is caused by numerous factors and market conditions that the Fund cannot control or influence. Therefore, it is impossible to predict the future price of oil and natural gas with any certainty. Factors affecting market pricing for oil and natural gas include:

· weather conditions;

· economic conditions, including demand for petroleum-based products;

· actions by OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;

· political instability in the Middle East and other major oil and gas producing regions;

· governmental regulations, both domestic and foreign;

· domestic and foreign tax policy;

· the pace adopted by foreign governments for the exploration, development, and production of their national reserves;

· the supply and price of foreign oil and gas;

· the cost of exploring for, producing and delivering oil and gas;

· the discovery rate of new oil and gas reserves;

· the rate of decline of existing and new oil and gas reserves;

· available pipeline and other oil and gas transportation capacity;

· the ability of oil and gas companies to raise capital;

· the overall supply and demand for oil and gas; and

· the price and availability of alternate fuel sources.

Business Update

Information regarding the Fund’s current projects, all of which are located in the United States offshore waters in the Gulf of Mexico, is provided in the following table. See “Liquidity Needs” under this Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report for information regarding the funding of the Fund’s capital commitments.

			Total Spent		Total
	Working		through		Fund
Project	Interest		September 30, 2019		Budget		Status
			(in thousands)
Beta Project		1.64%	$	15,545	$	17,112	The Beta Project is expected to include the development of seven wells.  Wells #1 and #2 commenced production in 2016.  Wells #3  and #4 commenced production in 2017. Wells #5 and #6 commenced production in first quarter 2018 and third quarter 2018, respectively. Well #7 commenced production in first quarter 2019. The Fund expects to spend $0.8 million for additional development costs and $0.8 million for asset retirement obligations.
Liberty Project		2.0%	$	3,004	$	3,268	The Liberty Project, a single-well project, commenced production in 2010.  The Fund expects to spend $0.3 million for asset retirement obligations.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the Fund’s results of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s financial statements and notes thereto included within Item 1. “Financial Statements” in Part I of this Quarterly Report.

12 

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended  September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(in thousands)
Revenue
Oil and gas revenue	$	1,023		$	1,092		$	2,938		$	3,719
Other revenue		56			-			179			-
Total revenue		1,079			1,092			3,117			3,719
Expenses
Depletion and amortization		548			636			1,549			2,598
Operating expenses		131			156			426			443
Management fees to affiliate		93			93			280			280
General and administrative expenses		63			50			185			143
Total expenses		835			935			2,440			3,464
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		-			899			-			899
Income from operations		244			1,056			677			1,154
Other (loss) income
Gain on debt extinguishment		-			1,313			-			1,313
Interest expense, net		(48	)		(103	)		(177	)		(389	)
Total other (loss) income		(48	)		1,210			(177	)		924
Net income		196			2,266			500			2,078
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		-			-			1			(1	)
Total comprehensive income	$	196		$	2,266		$	501		$	2,077

Overview. The following table provides information related to the Fund’s oil and natural gas production and oil and gas revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Natural gas liquid sales are included within gas sales.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended  September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Number of wells producing		8		7		8		7
Total number of production days		713		415		2,001		1,266
Oil sales (in thousands of barrels)		18		15		48		56
Average oil price per barrel	$	57	$	67	$	59	$	63
Gas sales (in thousands of mcfs)		23		22		64		79
Average gas price per mcf	$	2.00	$	3.63	$	2.47	$	3.50

The increases in the production days were primarily related to the commencement of production of two wells in the Beta Project, one well during third quarter 2018 and one well during first quarter 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the decreases in oil and gas sales volumes were primarily related to the Liberty and Beta projects. The Liberty Project experienced a decrease in production primarily as a result of shut-ins during first quarter 2019 due to mechanical work. The Beta Project experienced a decrease in production as a result of the partial sale of working interest during third quarter 2018 and periodic shut-ins during first half of 2019 due to certain drilling and completion operations performed at the project’s production facility. See additional discussion in “Business Update” section above.

Oil and Gas Revenue. Oil and gas revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.0 million, a decrease of $0.1 million from the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable to decreased oil and gas prices totaling $0.2 million, partially offset by decreased sales volume totaling $0.2 million.

Oil and gas revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $2.9 million, a decrease of $0.8 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable to decreased sales volume totaling $0.6 million coupled with decreased oil and gas prices totaling $0.3 million.

See “Overview” above for factors that impact the oil and gas revenue volume and rate variances.

13 

Other Revenue. Other revenue is generated from the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties. There were no such amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Depletion and Amortization. Depletion and amortization during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.5 million, a decrease of $0.1 million from the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable to a decrease in the average depletion rate totaling $0.2 million, partially offset by an increase in production volumes totaling $0.1 million. 

Depletion and amortization during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.5 million, a decrease of $1.0 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was attributable to a decrease in the average depletion rate totaling $0.6 million coupled with a decrease in production volumes totaling $0.4 million. 

The decreases in the average depletion rates were primarily attributable to lower cost of reserves from the Beta Project. Depletion and amortization was also impacted by the partial sale of working interest in the Beta Project during third quarter 2018. 

See “Overview” above for certain factors that impact the depletion and amortization volume and rate variances. Depletion and amortization rates may also be impacted by changes in reserve estimates provided annually by the Fund’s independent petroleum engineers.

Operating Expenses. Operating expenses represent costs specifically identifiable or allocable to the Fund’s wells, as detailed in the following table.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended  September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Lease operating expense	$	72	$	102	$	221	$	304
Insurance expense		24		33		71		85
Transportation and processing expense		2		6		69		24
Workover expense		27		6		49		6
Accretion expense and other		6		9		16		24
	$	131	$	156	$	426	$	443

Lease operating expense and transportation and processing expense relate to the Fund’s producing projects. Insurance expense represents premiums related to the Fund’s projects, which vary depending upon the number of wells producing or drilling. Workover expense represents costs to restore or stimulate production of existing reserves. Accretion expense relates to the asset retirement obligations established for the Fund’s oil and gas properties. 

Production costs, which include lease operating expense, transportation and processing expense and insurance expense, were $0.1 million ($4.57 per barrel of oil equivalent or “BOE”) and $0.4 million ($6.17 per BOE) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $0.1 million ($7.59 per BOE) and $0.4 million ($6.00 per BOE) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Production costs remained relatively consistent during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in production costs per BOE during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to the Beta Project. The Beta Project’s production costs per BOE declined as throughput has increased from the project or the other project that is currently tied-in to the facility. See “Overview” above for factors that impact oil and natural gas production.

Management Fees to Affiliate. An annual management fee, totaling 2.5% of total capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund, is paid monthly to the Manager. Such fee may be temporarily waived by the Manager to accommodate the Fund’s short-term commitments. 

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses represent costs specifically identifiable or allocable to the Fund, such as accounting and professional fees and insurance expenses.

14 

Gain on Sale of Oil and Gas Properties. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Fund recorded a gain on sale of oil and gas properties of $0.9 million related to the sale of a portion of the Fund’s working interest in the Beta Project. See Note 2 of “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements” - “Oil and Gas Properties” contained in Item 1. “Financial Statements” within Part I of this Quarterly Report for more information regarding the gain on sale of oil and gas properties. There was no such amount recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. 

Gain on Debt Extinguishment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Fund recorded a gain on debt extinguishment of $1.3 million related to accounting for the fourth amendment to the credit agreement. See Note 4 of “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements” - “Credit Agreement - Beta Project Financing” contained in Item 1. “Financial Statements” within Part I of this Quarterly Report for more information regarding the gain on debt extinguishment. There was no such amount recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Interest Expense, Net. Interest expense, net is comprised of interest expense and amortization of debt discounts related to the Fund’s long-term borrowings (see “Liquidity Needs - Credit Agreement” below for additional information), and interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and salvage fund.

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities. The Fund has available-for-sale investments within its salvage fund in federal agency mortgage-backed securities. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried in the financial statements at fair value and unrealized gains and losses related to the securities’ changes in fair value are recorded in other comprehensive income until realized.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

Operating Cash Flows

Cash flows provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $2.1 million, primarily related to revenue received of $3.1 million, partially offset by operating expenses of $0.4 million, management fees of $0.3 million, interest payments of $0.2 million and general and administrative expenses of $0.2 million.

Cash flows provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $2.7 million, primarily related to revenue received of $4.0 million, partially offset by operating expenses of $0.4 million, interest payments of $0.4 million, management fees of $0.3 million and general and administrative expenses of $0.1 million.

Investing Cash Flows

Cash flows used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $35 thousand, related to capital expenditures for oil and gas properties of $0.4 million and investments in salvage fund of $0.1 million, partially offset by the reimbursement received from operator for capital expenditures of $0.5 million relating to a portion of the cost of the Beta Project platform slot that was utilized by the other third-party working interest owners for the Beta Project’s 8th well. The Fund as well as other funds managed by the Manager that invested in the Beta Project elected not to participate in the drilling of the 8th well proposed by the Beta Project operator. 

Cash flows provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $1.3 million, related to proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties of $3.1 million, partially offset by capital expenditures for oil and gas properties of $1.7 million and investments in salvage fund of $0.1 million. 

Financing Cash Flows

Cash flows used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $2.6 million, related to manager and shareholder distributions of $1.4 million and the repayments of long-term borrowings of $1.1 million.

Cash flows used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $4.0 million, related to the repayments of long-term borrowings.

Estimated Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures for oil and gas properties have been funded with the capital raised by the Fund in its private placement offering and through debt financing. The Fund’s capital has been fully allocated to its projects. As a result, the Fund will not invest in any new projects and will limit its investment activities, if any, to those projects in which it currently has a working interest. See “Business Update” under this Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report for information regarding the Fund’s current projects. See “Liquidity Needs” below for additional information.

15 

Liquidity Needs

The Fund’s primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund its operations, capital expenditures for its oil and gas properties and borrowing repayments. Such needs are funded utilizing operating income and existing cash on-hand.

As of September 30, 2019, the Fund’s estimated capital commitments related to its oil and gas properties were $2.7 million (which include asset retirement obligations for the Fund’s projects of $1.9 million), of which $4 thousand is expected to be spent during the next twelve months. Future results of operations and cash flows are dependent on the related production of oil and gas revenues from the Beta Project.

Based upon its current cash position and its current reserve estimates, the Fund expects cash flow from operations to be sufficient to cover its commitments, borrowing repayments and ongoing operations. Reserve estimates are projections based on engineering data that cannot be measured with precision, require substantial judgment, and are subject to frequent revision.

The Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee from the Fund regardless of the Fund’s profitability in that year. However, pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Manager is also permitted to waive the management fee at its own discretion.

Distributions, if any, are funded from available cash from operations, as defined in the LLC Agreement, and the frequency and amount are within the Manager’s discretion. However, distributions may be impacted by amounts reserved to provide for the borrowing repayments for the Credit Agreement (defined below) and funding of estimated asset retirement obligations.

Credit Agreement

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund had outstanding borrowings of $2.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, under its credit agreement dated November 27, 2012, as amended on September 30, 2016, September 15, 2017, June 1, 2018 and August 10, 2018 (the “Credit Agreement”).

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at 8.75% compounded monthly. Principal and interest payments are based on the fixed percentage of the Fund’s Net Revenue, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Beginning on April 1, 2019 and each April 1^st thereafter, the Fund’s fixed percentage is the greater of (i) 30% or (ii) the Fixed Reassessment Percentage, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Fixed Reassessment Percentage is determined annually beginning April 1, 2019 and every April 1^st thereafter, and is based on the Fund’s ratio of its outstanding debt as of the reassessment date relative to 80% of third-party reserve engineer’s proved plus probable future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the Beta Project through the maturity of the loan. As of April 1, 2019, the Fund’s fixed percentage was determined to be 30%. The loan may be prepaid by the Fund without premium or penalty. The Credit Agreement also provides for a fixed percentage of 10.81% overriding royalty interest to the lenders, which will become payable to the lenders in January 2023.

The Credit Agreement contains customary negative covenants including covenants that limit the Fund’s ability to, among other things, grant liens, change the nature of its business, or merge into or consolidate with other persons. The events which constitute events of default are also customary for credit facilities of this nature and include payment defaults, breaches of representations, warranties and covenants, insolvency and change of control. Upon the occurrence of a default, in some cases following a notice and cure period, the lenders under the Credit Agreement may accelerate the maturity of the loan and require full and immediate repayment of all borrowings under the Credit Agreement. The Fund believes it is in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Fund had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and does not anticipate the use of such arrangements in the future.

16 

Contractual Obligations

The Fund enters into participation and joint operating agreements with operators. On behalf of the Fund, an operator enters into various contractual commitments pertaining to exploration, development and production activities. The Fund does not negotiate such contracts. No contractual obligations exist as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other than those discussed in “Estimated Capital Expenditures” and “Liquidity Needs – Credit Agreement” above.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of “Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements” - “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” contained in Item 1. “Financial Statements” within Part I of this Quarterly Report for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements. 

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Fund’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Fund’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019.

There has been no change in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Not required.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

17 

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT NUMBER	TITLE OF EXHIBIT	METHOD OF FILING
31.1	Certification of Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer of the Fund, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of Kathleen P. McSherry, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Fund, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)	Filed herewith
32	Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by Robert E. Swanson, Chief Executive Officer of the Fund and Kathleen P. McSherry, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Fund	Filed herewith
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	Filed herewith
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema	Filed herewith
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase	Filed herewith
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	Filed herewith
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase	Filed herewith
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase	Filed herewith

18 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

				RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND, LLC
Dated:	November 5, 2019	By:	/s/	ROBERT E. SWANSON
			Name:	Robert E. Swanson
			Title:	Chief Executive Officer
				(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:	November 5, 2019	By:	/s/	KATHLEEN P. MCSHERRY
			Name:	Kathleen P. McSherry
			Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
				(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

19

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Robert E. Swanson, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC;

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	November 5, 2019
/s/	ROBERT E. SWANSON
Name:	Robert E. Swanson
Title:	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Kathleen P. McSherry, certify that:

1.           I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC;

2.           Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.           Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.           The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	November 5, 2019
/s/	KATHLEEN P. MCSHERRY
Name:	Kathleen P. McSherry
Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC (the “Fund”) for the period ended September 30, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Fund hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. (section) 1350, as adopted pursuant to (section) 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of their knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Fund.

Dated:	November 5, 2019
		/s/	ROBERT E. SWANSON
		Name:	Robert E. Swanson
		Title:	Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:	November 5, 2019
		/s/	KATHLEEN P. MCSHERRY
		Name:	Kathleen P. McSherry
		Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

A signed original of this written statement or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement has been provided to the Fund and will be retained by the Fund and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of this report or as a separate disclosure document.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Nov. 05, 2019
Document And Entity Information Abstract
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Entity Registrant Name	RIDGEWOOD ENERGY A-1 FUND LLC
Entity Central Index Key	0001457919
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		207.7026
Entity File Number	000-53895
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE

XML

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Available-For-Sale Securities

			Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Value
	(in thousands)
Government National Mortgage Association security (GNMA July 2041)
September 30, 2019	$	36	$	2	$	38
December 31, 2018	$	36	$	1	$	37

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS CAPITAL - USD ($) $ in Thousands	# of Shares [Member]	Manager [Member]	Shareholders [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]	Total
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017		$ 426	$ 7,882	$ 2	$ 8,310
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2017	207.7026				207.7026
Net income (loss)		154	(160)		$ (6)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				(1)	(1)
Balances at Mar. 31, 2018		580	7,722	1	8,303
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2018	207.7026
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017		426	7,882	2	$ 8,310
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2017	207.7026				207.7026
Net income (loss)					$ 2,078
Other comprehensive income (loss)					(1)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018		849	9,537	1	10,387
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2018	207.7026
Balances at Mar. 31, 2018		580	7,722	1	8,303
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2018	207.7026
Net income (loss)		135	(317)		(182)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Balances at Jun. 30, 2018		715	7,405	1	8,121
Balances, shares at Jun. 30, 2018	207.7026
Net income (loss)		134	2,132		2,266
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018		849	9,537	1	10,387
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2018	207.7026
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018		925	9,294	1	$ 10,220
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2018	207.7026				207.7026
Distributions		(78)	(437)		$ (515)
Net income (loss)		92	15		107
Balances at Mar. 31, 2019		939	8,872	1	9,812
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2019	207.7026
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018		925	9,294	1	$ 10,220
Balances, shares at Dec. 31, 2018	207.7026				207.7026
Distributions		(200)
Net income (loss)					$ 500
Other comprehensive income (loss)					1
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019		1,026	8,245	2	$ 9,273
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2019	207.7026				207.7026
Balances at Mar. 31, 2019		939	8,872	1	$ 9,812
Balances, shares at Mar. 31, 2019	207.7026
Distributions		(61)	(349)		(410)
Net income (loss)		113	84		197
Other comprehensive income (loss)				1	1
Balances at Jun. 30, 2019		991	8,607	2	$ 9,600
Balances, shares at Jun. 30, 2019	207.7026				207.7026
Distributions		(79)	(444)		$ (523)
Net income (loss)		114	82		196
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019		$ 1,026	$ 8,245	$ 2	$ 9,273
Balances, shares at Sep. 30, 2019	207.7026				207.7026

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Credit Agreement - Beta Project Financing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term borrowings	$ 2,100		$ 2,100		$ 3,200
Fair value of debt	$ 2,000		$ 2,000
Interest rate	8.75%		8.75%
Periodic payment, fixed percentage	30.00%		30.00%
Overriding royalty interest	10.81%		10.81%
Unamortized debt discounts	$ 12		$ 12		15
Amortization of financing costs	1		3
Accrued interest
Interest expense	100	$ 100	200	$ 400
Gain on debt extinguishment		1,313		$ 1,313
Change in fair value of ORRI		1,300
Difference between fair value of new debt and carrying amount of old debt		$ 16

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Related Parties

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Parties

3. Related Parties

Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee, payable monthly, of 2.5% of total capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole and related well costs incurred by the Fund, however, the Manager is permitted to waive the management fee at its own discretion. Therefore, the management fee may be temporarily waived to accommodate the Fund’s short-term commitments. Management fees during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The Manager is also entitled to receive 15% of the cash distributions from operations made by the Fund. Distributions paid to the Manager during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The Fund did not pay distributions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Fund utilizes Beta Sales and Transport, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Manager, to facilitate the transportation and sale of oil and natural gas produced from the Beta Project.

During 2016, the Fund and other third-party working interest owners in the Beta Project entered into a production handling, gathering and operating services agreement (“PHA”) with Ridgewood Claiborne, LLC, a wholly-owned entity of Ridgewood Energy Oil & Gas Fund II, L.P. (“Institutional Fund II”), and other third-party working interest owners in the Claiborne Project. Institutional Fund II is an entity that is managed by the Fund’s Manager. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Fund earned $14 thousand and $45 thousand, respectively, representing its proportionate share of the production handling fees earned from Institutional Fund II, which is included within “Other revenue” on the Fund’s statements of operations. There were no such amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund’s receivables of $14 thousand and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from Institutional Fund II are included within “Due from affiliate” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables are settled by issuance of a non-cash credit from the Beta Project operator to the Fund on behalf of the Claiborne Project working interest owners when the operator performs the joint interest billing of the lease operating expenses due from the Fund. The revenue received from the PHA is utilized by the Fund to repay a portion of the long-term debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement (defined below) until the loan is repaid in full, in no event later than December 31, 2022.

At times, short-term payables and receivables, which do not bear interest, arise from transactions with affiliates in the ordinary course of business.

The Fund has working interest ownership in certain oil and natural gas projects, which are also owned by other entities that are likewise managed by the Manager.

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Oil and Gas Properties

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Oil And Gas Properties

Oil and Gas Properties

2. Oil and Gas Properties

The Fund as well as other funds managed by the Manager that invested in the Beta Project elected not to participate in the drilling of the 8th well proposed by Walter Oil and Gas Corporation. As a result, the Fund was due reimbursement for a portion of the cost relating to the slot on the Beta Project platform that was utilized by the other third-party working interest owners for the 8th well. On July 17, 2019, the Fund and the other third-party working interest owners in the Beta Project agreed to a reimbursement to the Fund of $0.5 million, which was recorded as a reduction to oil and gas properties on the Fund’s balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 and presented as “Reimbursement from operator for capital expenditures” in the investing section of the Fund’s statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The amount received was utilized by the Fund to repay a portion of the long-term debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement (defined below).

On August 10, 2018, the Fund entered into a purchase and sale agreement (“PSA”) to sell a portion of the Fund’s working interest in the Beta Project to Walter Oil & Gas Corporation and Gordy Oil Company (collectively the “Buyers”) with an effective date of January 1, 2018. Certain other funds managed by the Manager were also parties to the PSA. The Fund had a 2.0% working interest in the Beta Project and sold a 0.364% working interest to the Buyers for a total purchase price of $3.3 million, subject to purchase price and customary post-closing adjustments. The transaction closed on August 10, 2018 and the Fund received $3.1 million in cash, which included preliminary purchase price adjustments primarily related to the net cash flows from the effective date to the closing date.

The net carrying value of the working interest sold as of the closing date was approximately $2.2 million and the related asset retirement obligation was approximately $40 thousand. A gain to the Fund of approximately $0.9 million was recognized in third quarter 2018, subject to customary post-closing adjustments. During fourth quarter 2018, the Fund recognized a post-closing adjustment in the amount of $34 thousand, which was recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price and a reduction to gain on sale of oil and gas properties. The proceeds from the sale were utilized by the Fund to repay a portion of the long-term debt outstanding under its Credit Agreement (defined below).

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared by the Fund’s management in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Fund’s financial position, results of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements. The financial position, results of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of future financial results. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s December 31, 2018 financial statements and notes thereto included in the Fund’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2018 Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, but does not include all annual disclosures required by GAAP.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Manager reviews its estimates, including those related to the fair value of financial instruments, depletion and amortization, determination of proved reserves, impairment of long-lived assets and asset retirement obligations. Actual results may differ from those estimates. 

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Fund follows the accounting guidance for fair value measurement for measuring fair value of assets and liabilities in its financial statements. The Fund’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, production receivable, due from affiliate, other current assets, salvage fund, due to operators, accrued expenses and long-term debt. Except for long-term debt, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Mortgage-backed securities within the salvage fund are recorded based on Level 2 inputs, as such instruments trade in over-the-counter markets. The Fund’s long-term debt is valued using an income approach and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by discounting future cash payments of principal and interest to a present value amount using a market yield for debt instruments with similar terms, maturities and credit ratings. The Fund also applies the provisions of the fair value measurement accounting guidance to its non-financial assets and liabilities, such as oil and gas properties and asset retirement obligations, on a non-recurring basis.

Salvage Fund

Salvage Fund

The Fund deposits cash in a separate interest-bearing account, or salvage fund, to provide for the dismantling and removal of production platforms and facilities and plugging and abandoning its wells at the end of their useful lives in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund had investments in federal agency mortgage-backed securities as detailed in the following table, which are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried in the financial statements at fair value.

			Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Value
	(in thousands)
Government National Mortgage Association security (GNMA July 2041)
September 30, 2019	$	36	$	2	$	38
December 31, 2018	$	36	$	1	$	37

The unrealized gains on the Fund's investments in federal agency mortgage-backed securities were the result of fluctuations in market interest rates. The contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale debt securities are reported in other comprehensive income until realized.

For all investments, interest income is accrued as earned and amortization of premium or discount, if any, is included in interest income. Interest earned on the account will become part of the salvage fund. There are no restrictions on withdrawals from the salvage fund.

Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset Retirement Obligations

For oil and gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. Upon the determination that a property is either proved or dry, a retirement obligation is incurred. The Fund recognizes the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period incurred based on expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the obligation discounted at the Fund’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs. Annually, or more frequently if an event occurs that would dictate a change in assumptions or estimates underlying the obligations, the Fund reassesses its asset retirement obligations to determine whether any revisions to the obligations are necessary. The Fund maintains a salvage fund to provide for the funding of future asset retirement obligations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Oil and gas revenues are recognized at the point when control of oil and natural gas is transferred to the customers. Natural gas liquid sales are included within gas sales. The Fund’s oil and natural gas generally are sold to its customers at prevailing market prices based on an index in which the prices are published, adjusted for pricing differentials, quality of oil and pipeline allowances. Under the Fund’s oil and natural gas contracts, each unit of oil and natural gas represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and the transaction price related to the remaining performance obligations is the variable index-based price attributable to each unit of oil and natural gas that is transferred to the customer. The Fund invoices customers once its performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point the payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Fund’s oil and natural gas contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The receivables related to the Fund’s oil and gas revenue are included within “Production receivable” on the Fund’s balance sheets.

Other revenue is generated from the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties. The Fund simply earns a fee for its services and recognizes these fees as revenue at the time its performance obligations are satisfied as the control of oil and natural gas is never transferred to the Fund, thus there are no unsatisfied performance obligations. The Fund’s project operator performs joint interest billing once the performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point the payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties does not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The receivables related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from an affiliate are included within “Due from affiliate” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from third parties are presented as a reduction from “Due to operator” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables are settled by issuance of a non-cash credit from the Beta Project operator to the Fund when the operator performs the joint interest billing of the lease operating expenses due from the Fund.

The Fund also has an estimation process for revenue and related accruals, and any identified difference between its revenue estimates and actual revenue has not been significant. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was not significant.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Fund reviews the carrying value of its oil and gas properties for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the recorded carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Impairments are determined by comparing estimated future net undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value of the assets at the time of the review. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value of the asset is written down to fair value, which is determined using valuation techniques that include both market and income approaches and use Level 3 inputs. The fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to change. Different pricing assumptions, reserve estimates or discount rates could result in a different calculated impairment. 

There were no impairments of oil and gas properties during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Fluctuations in oil and natural gas commodity prices may impact the fair value of the Fund’s oil and gas properties. If oil and natural gas commodity prices decline, even if only for a short period of time, it is possible that impairments of oil and gas properties will occur. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance on fair value measurement, which adds, among other things, disclosure requirements for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This accounting guidance is effective for the Fund in the first quarter 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Fund does not expect this accounting guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance on leases as amended on January 2018 and July 2018, which requires an entity to recognize all lease assets and liabilities with a term greater than one year on the balance sheet, disclose key quantitative and qualitative information about leasing arrangements, and permits an entity not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously assessed under the existing lease guidance. The accounting guidance does not apply to leases of mineral rights to explore for or use of oil and natural gas. The accounting guidance was effective for the Fund beginning January 1, 2019. Although the Fund, as a non-operator, does not enter into lease agreements to support its operations, the Fund completed its evaluation of existing contracts that may have a lease impact and embedded lease features to determine the contracts to which the new guidance applies. Based on this evaluation, the Fund determined its existing contracts did not meet the definition of leases under the new accounting guidance and therefore, did not qualify for lease accounting.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Revenue
Oil and gas revenue	$ 1,023	$ 1,092	$ 2,938	$ 3,719
Other revenue	56		179
Total revenue	1,079	1,092	3,117	3,719
Expenses
Depletion and amortization	548	636	1,549	2,598
Operating expenses	131	156	426	443
Management fees to affiliate	93	93	280	280
General and administrative expenses	63	50	185	143
Total expenses	835	935	2,440	3,464
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		899		899
Income from operations	244	1,056	677	1,154
Other (loss) income
Gain on debt extinguishment		1,313		1,313
Interest expense, net	(48)	(103)	(177)	(389)
Total other (loss) income	(48)	1,210	(177)	924
Net income	196	2,266	500	2,078
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities			1	(1)
Total comprehensive income	196	2,266	501	2,077
Manager Interest
Net income	114	134	319	423
Shareholder Interest
Net income	$ 82	$ 2,132	$ 181	$ 1,655
Net income per share	$ 395	$ 10,262	$ 871	$ 7,968

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Related Parties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Annual management fee percentage rate	2.50%				2.50%
Annual management fees paid to Fund Manager	$ 93			$ 93	$ 280	$ 280
Percentage of total distributions allocated to Fund Manager	15.00%				15.00%
Distributions	$ (523)	$ (410)	$ (515)
Other revenue from affiliate	14				$ 45
Due from affiliate	14				14		$ 50
Manager [Member]
Distributions	$ (79)	$ (61)	$ (78)		$ (200)

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments for the drilling and development of investment properties	$ 2,700
Commitments for asset retirement obligations included in estimated capital commitments	1,900
Commitments for the drilling and development of investment properties expected to be incurred in the next 12 months	$ 4

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Credit Agreement - Beta Project Financing

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Credit Agreement - Beta Project Financing

4. Credit Agreement – Beta Project Financing

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund had outstanding borrowings of $2.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, under its credit agreement dated November 27, 2012, as amended on September 30, 2016, September 15, 2017, June 1, 2018 and August 10, 2018 (the “Credit Agreement”). As of September 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the debt was $2.0 million.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at 8.75% compounded monthly. Principal and interest payments are based on the fixed percentage of the Fund’s Net Revenue, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Beginning on April 1, 2019 and each April 1^st thereafter, the Fund’s fixed percentage is the greater of (i) 30% or (ii) the Fixed Reassessment Percentage, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Fixed Reassessment Percentage is determined annually beginning April 1, 2019 and each April 1^st thereafter, and is based on the Fund’s ratio of its outstanding debt as of the reassessment date relative to 80% of third-party reserve engineer’s proved plus probable future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the Beta Project through the maturity of the loan. As of April 1, 2019, the Fund’s fixed percentage was determined to be 30%. The loan may be prepaid by the Fund without premium or penalty. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Fund also agreed to convey a fixed percentage of 10.81% overriding royalty interest in its working interest in the Beta Project to the lenders, which will become payable to the lenders on January 1, 2023.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the unamortized debt discounts related to the loan of $12 thousand and $15 thousand, respectively, were presented as a reduction of “Long-term borrowings” on the Fund’s balance sheets. Amortization expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $1 thousand and $3 thousand, respectively, was included on the Fund’s statements of operations within “Interest expense, net”. There were no such amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no accrued interest costs outstanding. Interest costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, were included on the Fund’s statements of operations within “Interest expense, net”. Interest costs incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, were included on the Fund’s statements of operations within “Interest expense, net”.

The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants, with which the Fund was in compliance as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

During third quarter 2018, the Fund determined that the terms of the fourth amendment to the Credit Agreement met the conditions of debt extinguishment pursuant to Accounting Standard Codification 470-50 Debt: Modification and Extinguishments guidance in a non-troubled debt restructuring. As a result, the Fund recorded a gain on debt extinguishment of $1.3 million, which was recorded within “Other (loss) income” in its statements of operations. The gain on debt extinguishment primarily represents non-cash gains associated with the change in the fair value of ORRI conveyed to the lenders totaling $1.3 million and the difference between the fair value of the new debt and the carrying amount of the old debt totaling $16 thousand.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,597	$ 2,124
Production receivable	361	338
Due from affiliate (Note 3)	14	50
Other current assets	55	48
Total current assets	2,027	2,560
Salvage fund	1,831	1,710
Oil and gas properties:
Proved properties	20,104	20,663
Less: accumulated depletion and amortization	(10,978)	(9,405)
Total oil and gas properties, net	9,126	11,258
Total assets	12,984	15,528
Current liabilities:
Due to operators	71	618
Accrued expenses	77	43
Current portion of long-term borrowings	916	945
Total current liabilities	1,064	1,606
Long-term borrowings	1,184	2,256
Asset retirement obligations	1,463	1,446
Total liabilities	3,711	5,308
Commitments and contingencies (Note 5)
Members' capital:
Distributions	(5,347)	(5,129)
Retained earnings	6,373	6,054
Manager's total	1,026	925
Capital contributions (250 shares authorized; 207.7026 issued and outstanding)	41,143	41,143
Syndication costs	(4,804)	(4,804)
Distributions	(37,059)	(35,829)
Retained earnings	8,965	8,784
Shareholders' total	8,245	9,294
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2	1
Total members' capital	9,273	10,220
Total liabilities and members' capital	$ 12,984	$ 15,528

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - GNMA July 2041 [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Amortized Cost	$ 36	$ 36
Gross Unrealized Gains	2	1
Fair Value	$ 38	$ 37

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 500	$ 2,078
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depletion and amortization	1,549	2,598
Gain on sale of oil and gas properties		(899)
Accretion expense	17	16
Gain on debt extinguishment		(1,313)
Amortization of debt discounts	3
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in production receivable	(23)	268
Decrease in due from affiliate	36
Increase in other current assets	(7)	(21)
Decrease in due to operators	(49)	(20)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses	34	(2)
Settlement of asset retirement obligations		(13)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,060	2,692
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures for oil and gas properties	(375)	(1,673)
Reimbursement from operator for capital expenditures	460
Proceeds from sale of oil and gas properties		3,099
Increase in salvage fund	(120)	(126)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(35)	1,300
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of long-term borrowings	(1,104)	(3,966)
Distributions	(1,448)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,552)	(3,966)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(527)	26
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	2,124	2,423
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	1,597	2,449
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	189	396
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities
Due to operators for accrued capital expenditures for oil and gas properties	$ 11	$ 534

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

5. Commitments and Contingencies

Capital Commitments

As of September 30, 2019, the Fund’s estimated capital commitments related to its oil and gas properties were $2.7 million (which include asset retirement obligations for the Fund’s projects of $1.9 million), of which $4 thousand is expected to be spent during the next twelve months. Future results of operations and cash flows are dependent on the related production of oil and gas revenues from the Beta Project.

Based upon its current cash position and its current reserve estimates, the Fund expects cash flow from operations to be sufficient to cover its commitments, borrowing repayments and ongoing operations. Reserve estimates are projections based on engineering data that cannot be measured with precision, require substantial judgment, and are subject to frequent revision.

Environmental and Governmental Regulations

Many aspects of the oil and gas industry are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. The Manager and operators of the Fund’s properties are continually taking action they believe appropriate to satisfy applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations. However, due to the significant public and governmental interest in environmental matters related to those activities, the Manager cannot predict the effects of possible future legislation, rule changes, or governmental or private claims. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no known environmental contingencies that required adjustment to, or disclosure in, the Fund’s financial statements.

Oil and gas industry legislation and administrative regulations are periodically changed for a variety of political, economic, and other reasons. Any such future laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s operating results and cash flows. It is not possible at this time to predict whether such legislation or regulation, if proposed, will be adopted as initially written, if at all, or how legislation or new regulation that may be adopted would impact the Fund’s business.

BOEM Notice to Lessees on Supplemental Bonding

On July 14, 2016, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (“BOEM”) issued a Notice to Lessees (“NTL”) that discontinued and materially replaced existing policies and procedures regarding financial security (i.e. supplemental bonding) for decommissioning obligations of lessees of federal oil and gas leases and owners of pipeline rights-of-way, rights-of use and easements on the Outer Continental Shelf (“Lessees”).  Generally, the NTL (i) ended the practice of excusing Lessees from providing such additional security where co-lessees had sufficient financial strength to meet such decommissioning obligations, (ii) established new criteria for determining financial strength and additional security requirements of such Lessees, (iii) provided acceptable forms of such additional security and (iv) replaced the waiver system with one of self-insurance. The rule became effective as of September 12, 2016; however on January 6, 2017, the BOEM announced that it was suspending the implementation timeline for six months in certain circumstances. On June 22, 2017, the BOEM announced that the implementation timeline extension will remain in effect pending the completion of its review of the NTL. As of September 30, 2019, the BOEM has not completed its review nor has the NTL been enforced.  The impact of the NTL, if enforced without change or amendment, may require the Fund to fully secure all of its potential abandonment liabilities to the BOEM’s satisfaction using one or more of the enumerated methods for doing so.  Potentially this could increase costs to the Fund if the Fund is required to obtain additional supplemental bonding, fund escrow accounts or obtain letters of credit.

Insurance Coverage

The Fund is subject to all risks inherent in the oil and natural gas business. Insurance coverage as is customary for entities engaged in similar operations is maintained, but losses may occur from uninsurable risks or amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence of an event that is not insured or not fully insured could have a material adverse impact upon earnings and financial position. Moreover, insurance is obtained as a package covering all of the entities managed by the Manager. Depending on the extent, nature and payment of claims made by the Fund or other entities managed by the Manager, yearly insurance coverage may be exhausted and become insufficient to cover a claim by the Fund in a given year.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - shares	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Shares authorized	250	250
Shares issued	207.7026	207.7026
Shares outstanding	207.7026	207.7026

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Oil and Gas Properties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Aug. 10, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Reimbursement from operator for capital expenditures					$ 460
Cash received						3,099
Gain on sale			$ (34)	$ 899		$ 899
Beta Project [Member]
Working interest percentage	2.00%
Working interest acquired by buyers	0.364%
Total purchase price	$ 3,300
Cash received	3,100
Carrying value	2,200
Asset retirement obligation	$ 40

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Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

The Ridgewood Energy A-1 Fund, LLC (the “Fund”), a Delaware limited liability company, was formed on February 3, 2009 and operates pursuant to a limited liability company agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) dated as of March 2, 2009 by and among Ridgewood Energy Corporation (the “Manager”) and the shareholders of the Fund, which addresses matters such as the authority and voting rights of the Manager and shareholders, capitalization, transferability of membership interests, participation in costs and revenues, distribution of assets and dissolution and winding up. The Fund was organized to primarily acquire interests in oil and gas properties located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico.

The Manager has direct and exclusive control over the management of the Fund’s operations. The Manager performs, or arranges for the performance of, the management, advisory and administrative services required for the Fund’s operations. Such services include, without limitation, the administration of shareholder accounts, shareholder relations, the preparation, review and dissemination of tax and other financial information and the management of the Fund’s investments in projects. In addition, the Manager provides office space, equipment and facilities and other services necessary for the Fund’s operations. The Manager also engages and manages contractual relations with unaffiliated custodians, depositories, accountants, attorneys, corporate fiduciaries, insurers, banks and others as required. See Notes 3, 4 and 5.

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared by the Fund’s management in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Fund’s financial position, results of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted in these unaudited interim condensed financial statements. The financial position, results of operations, changes in members’ capital and cash flows for the periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of future financial results. These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s December 31, 2018 financial statements and notes thereto included in the Fund’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2018 Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, but does not include all annual disclosures required by GAAP.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Manager reviews its estimates, including those related to the fair value of financial instruments, depletion and amortization, determination of proved reserves, impairment of long-lived assets and asset retirement obligations. Actual results may differ from those estimates. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Fund has provided discussion of significant accounting policies in Note 1 of “Notes to Financial Statements” – “Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” contained in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” within its 2018 Annual Report. There have been no significant changes to the Fund’s significant accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Fair Value Measurements

The Fund follows the accounting guidance for fair value measurement for measuring fair value of assets and liabilities in its financial statements. The Fund’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, production receivable, due from affiliate, other current assets, salvage fund, due to operators, accrued expenses and long-term debt. Except for long-term debt, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Mortgage-backed securities within the salvage fund are recorded based on Level 2 inputs, as such instruments trade in over-the-counter markets. The Fund’s long-term debt is valued using an income approach and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by discounting future cash payments of principal and interest to a present value amount using a market yield for debt instruments with similar terms, maturities and credit ratings. The Fund also applies the provisions of the fair value measurement accounting guidance to its non-financial assets and liabilities, such as oil and gas properties and asset retirement obligations, on a non-recurring basis.

Salvage Fund

The Fund deposits cash in a separate interest-bearing account, or salvage fund, to provide for the dismantling and removal of production platforms and facilities and plugging and abandoning its wells at the end of their useful lives in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Fund had investments in federal agency mortgage-backed securities as detailed in the following table, which are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried in the financial statements at fair value.

			Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Value
	(in thousands)
Government National Mortgage Association security (GNMA July 2041)
September 30, 2019	$	36	$	2	$	38
December 31, 2018	$	36	$	1	$	37

The unrealized gains on the Fund's investments in federal agency mortgage-backed securities were the result of fluctuations in market interest rates. The contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale debt securities are reported in other comprehensive income until realized.

For all investments, interest income is accrued as earned and amortization of premium or discount, if any, is included in interest income. Interest earned on the account will become part of the salvage fund. There are no restrictions on withdrawals from the salvage fund.

Asset Retirement Obligations

For oil and gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. Upon the determination that a property is either proved or dry, a retirement obligation is incurred. The Fund recognizes the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period incurred based on expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the obligation discounted at the Fund’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs. Annually, or more frequently if an event occurs that would dictate a change in assumptions or estimates underlying the obligations, the Fund reassesses its asset retirement obligations to determine whether any revisions to the obligations are necessary. The Fund maintains a salvage fund to provide for the funding of future asset retirement obligations.

Revenue Recognition

Oil and gas revenues are recognized at the point when control of oil and natural gas is transferred to the customers. Natural gas liquid sales are included within gas sales. The Fund’s oil and natural gas generally are sold to its customers at prevailing market prices based on an index in which the prices are published, adjusted for pricing differentials, quality of oil and pipeline allowances. Under the Fund’s oil and natural gas contracts, each unit of oil and natural gas represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and the transaction price related to the remaining performance obligations is the variable index-based price attributable to each unit of oil and natural gas that is transferred to the customer. The Fund invoices customers once its performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point the payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Fund’s oil and natural gas contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The receivables related to the Fund’s oil and gas revenue are included within “Production receivable” on the Fund’s balance sheets.

Other revenue is generated from the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties. The Fund simply earns a fee for its services and recognizes these fees as revenue at the time its performance obligations are satisfied as the control of oil and natural gas is never transferred to the Fund, thus there are no unsatisfied performance obligations. The Fund’s project operator performs joint interest billing once the performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point the payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Fund’s production handling, gathering and operating services agreement with an affiliated entity and other third parties does not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The receivables related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from an affiliate are included within “Due from affiliate” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables related to the Fund’s proportionate share of revenue from third parties are presented as a reduction from “Due to operator” on the Fund’s balance sheets. The receivables are settled by issuance of a non-cash credit from the Beta Project operator to the Fund when the operator performs the joint interest billing of the lease operating expenses due from the Fund.

The Fund also has an estimation process for revenue and related accruals, and any identified difference between its revenue estimates and actual revenue has not been significant. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was not significant.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Fund reviews the carrying value of its oil and gas properties for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the recorded carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Impairments are determined by comparing estimated future net undiscounted cash flows to the carrying value of the assets at the time of the review. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows, the carrying value of the asset is written down to fair value, which is determined using valuation techniques that include both market and income approaches and use Level 3 inputs. The fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to change. Different pricing assumptions, reserve estimates or discount rates could result in a different calculated impairment. 

There were no impairments of oil and gas properties during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Fluctuations in oil and natural gas commodity prices may impact the fair value of the Fund’s oil and gas properties. If oil and natural gas commodity prices decline, even if only for a short period of time, it is possible that impairments of oil and gas properties will occur. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance on fair value measurement, which adds, among other things, disclosure requirements for the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This accounting guidance is effective for the Fund in the first quarter 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Fund does not expect this accounting guidance will have a material impact on its financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance on leases as amended on January 2018 and July 2018, which requires an entity to recognize all lease assets and liabilities with a term greater than one year on the balance sheet, disclose key quantitative and qualitative information about leasing arrangements, and permits an entity not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously assessed under the existing lease guidance. The accounting guidance does not apply to leases of mineral rights to explore for or use of oil and natural gas. The accounting guidance was effective for the Fund beginning January 1, 2019. Although the Fund, as a non-operator, does not enter into lease agreements to support its operations, the Fund completed its evaluation of existing contracts that may have a lease impact and embedded lease features to determine the contracts to which the new guidance applies. Based on this evaluation, the Fund determined its existing contracts did not meet the definition of leases under the new accounting guidance and therefore, did not qualify for lease accounting.