<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0303</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2010-01-11</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000899866</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>ALEXION PHARMACEUTICALS INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>ALXN</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001457477</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Hallal David</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O ALEXION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>352 KNOTTER DRIVE</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>CHESHIRE</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>CT</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>06410</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>SVP Commercial Ops, Americas</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $.0001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-01-11</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1088</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>47.78</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>8239</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">These sales were made to cover the withholding taxes immediately following the vesting of previously granted Restricted Stock.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">This transaction was executed in multiple trades through a broker-dealer at prices ranging from $47.47 - $47.98.  The price reported in this column reflects the weighted average sales price.  Upon request, the reporting person will provide to the SEC staff full information regarding the number of shares sold at each price.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ David Hallal</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2010-01-12</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
