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Business Combinations
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]  
Business Combinations Business Combinations
Acquisitions Completed During 2021
Acquisition of Liberty Freezers
The Company completed the acquisition of Liberty Freezers located in Canada on March 1, 2021 for total consideration of C$56.8 million, or $44.9 million, including cash received of C$1.7 million, or $1.3 million based on the exchange rate between the CAD and USD on the closing date of the transaction. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including $3.2 million of land, $13.9 million of buildings and improvements, $3.7 million of machinery and equipment, $17.3 million of goodwill, $3.6 million of a customer relationship intangible asset, $21.2 million of operating lease right-of-use assets adjusted to reflect the favorable terms of the leases assumed at acquisition when compared with market terms, and $5.8 million of deferred tax liabilities, all of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship asset has been preliminarily assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the strategic benefits of the acquisition including the expanded presence in the Canadian market and leveraging integration experience to drive synergies.
The acquisition was completed through the acquisition of stock in Canada; as a result, no tax basis in goodwill exists for Canadian tax purposes. Deferred taxes may not be recorded for deductible goodwill unless the tax basis exceeds the book basis; therefore, the Company recorded no deferred taxes for tax deductible goodwill for Canadian tax purposes. Deductible goodwill exists for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will be available to reduce taxable income at the REIT, including any Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) inclusion associated with the foreign TRS in Canada. The preliminary acquisition accounting is based upon the Company’s estimates of fair value. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related preliminary acquisition accounting are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management. The estimates and assumptions are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The estimates and assumptions related to Property, buildings and equipment, Operating lease right-of-use assets and related obligations and Customer relationships were finalized during the year ended December 31, 2021. The financial results of the acquired operations have been included in the Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition. We believe that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We will continue to evaluate these items until they are satisfactorily resolved and adjust our acquisition accounting accordingly, within the allowable measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition), as defined by ASC 805, Business Combinations.
Acquisition of KMT Brrr!
The Company completed the acquisition of KMT Brrr! located in New Jersey on May 5, 2021 for total consideration of $70.8 million, including cash received of $0.5 million. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including $8.4 million of land, $46.7 million of buildings and improvements, $11.5 million of machinery and equipment, $2.0 million of goodwill, and $1.1 million of a customer relationship intangible asset, which are primarily allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship asset has been preliminarily assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the strategic benefits of the acquisition including the expanded presence in the New Jersey market and leveraging integration experience to drive synergies.
The KMT Brrr! acquisition was completed through the acquisition of all of the membership interests of certain limited liability companies and the acquisition allowed goodwill recorded to be deductible for federal income tax purposes. Deferred taxes may not be recorded for deductible goodwill unless the tax basis exceeds the book basis; therefore, the Company recorded no deferred taxes for deductible goodwill since the book basis of goodwill was equal to the tax basis of goodwill in this acquisition. Tax deductible goodwill will be available to reduce taxable income at both the REIT and its domestic TRS. The preliminary acquisition accounting is based upon the Company’s estimates of fair value. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related preliminary acquisition accounting are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management. The estimates and assumptions are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The financial results of the acquired operations have been included in the Warehouse and Transportation segments since the date of the acquisition. We believe that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We will continue to evaluate these items until they are satisfactorily resolved and adjust our acquisition accounting accordingly, within the allowable measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition), as defined by ASC 805.
Acquisition of Bowman Stores
The Company completed the acquisition of Bowman Stores located in England on May 28, 2021 for total
consideration of £75.0 million, or $106.4 million, including cash received of £2.4 million, or $3.4 million based on the exchange rate between the Pound Sterling and USD on the closing date of the transaction. The purchase price included deferred consideration of £8.3 million, or $11.8 million, which will be paid within 18 months from the date of acquisition. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including $5.9 million of land, $32.8 million of buildings and improvements, $17.8 million of machinery and equipment, $32.2 million of goodwill, $25.3 million of a customer relationship intangible asset, and $10.7 million of deferred tax liabilities, all of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship asset has been preliminarily assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the strategic benefits of the acquisition including the expanded presence in the European market and leveraging integration experience to drive synergies.
The Bowman acquisition was completed through the acquisition of stock in the UK; as a result, no additional step-up in tax basis in goodwill in the UK was created aside from the inherited carryover tax basis that existed prior to the acquisition. The Company’s US deemed asset election under IRC section 338 will reduce the US income taxability of future foreign profits under the GILTI regime. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related preliminary acquisition accounting are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company finalized the estimates and assumptions for the Property, buildings and equipment. The remaining estimates and assumptions pertaining to Customer relationships are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The financial results of the acquired operations have been included in the Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition. We believe that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We will continue to evaluate these items until they are satisfactorily resolved and adjust our acquisition accounting accordingly, within the allowable measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition), as defined by ASC 805.
Acquisition of ColdCo
The Company completed the acquisition of the assets of the ColdCo Companies located in Missouri and Nevada, on August 2, 2021 for total consideration of $20.7 million, including cash received of $0.3 million. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including $2.4 million of land, $9.7 million of buildings and improvements, $3.0 million of machinery and equipment, $2.9 million of goodwill, and $2.5 million of a customer relationship intangible asset, all of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship asset has been preliminarily assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the strategic benefits of the acquisition including entry into the direct-to-consumer, e-fulfillment market and leveraging integration experience to drive synergies.
The ColdCo acquisition was completed through the acquisition of substantially all of the assets from the seller and the acquisition allowed goodwill recorded to be deductible for federal income tax purposes. Deferred taxes may not be recorded for deductible goodwill unless the tax basis exceeds the book basis; therefore, the Company recorded no deferred taxes for deductible goodwill since book goodwill was equal to tax goodwill in this acquisition. Tax deductible goodwill will be available to reduce taxable income at both the REIT and its domestic TRS. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related preliminary acquisition accounting are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company finalized the estimates and assumptions for the Property, buildings and equipment. The remaining estimates and assumptions pertaining to Customer relationships are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the
acquisition date. The estimates and assumptions are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The financial results of the acquired operations have been included in the Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition. We believe that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We will continue to evaluate these items until they are satisfactorily resolved and adjust our acquisition accounting accordingly, within the allowable measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition), as defined by ASC 805.
Acquisition of Newark Facility Management
The Company completed the acquisition of Newark Facility Management located in New Jersey, on September 1, 2021 for total consideration of $391.4 million, including cash received of $1.0 million. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed including $30.4 million of land, $53.2 million of buildings and improvements, $24.9 million of machinery and equipment, $18.1 million of goodwill, and $269.0 million of a customer relationship intangible asset, all of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship asset has been preliminarily assigned a useful life of 40 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the Company’s ability to deepen existing customer relationships, provide growth in the the northeast market and leveraging integration experience to drive synergies.
The Newark Facility Management acquisition was completed through the acquisition of all of the membership interests of certain limited liability companies. The acquisition allowed goodwill recorded to be deductible for federal income tax purposes. Deferred taxes may not be recorded for deductible goodwill unless the tax basis exceeds the book basis; therefore, the Company recorded no deferred taxes for tax deductible goodwill since the book basis of goodwill was equal to the tax basis of goodwill in this acquisition. Tax deductible goodwill will be available to reduce taxable income at both the REIT and potentially the domestic TRS. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related preliminary acquisition accounting are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management. The estimates and assumptions are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The financial results of the acquired operations have been included in the Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition. We believe that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We will continue to evaluate these items until they are satisfactorily resolved and adjust our acquisition accounting accordingly, within the allowable measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition), as defined by ASC 805.
Acquisition of Lago Cold Stores
The Company completed the acquisition of Australia-based Lago Cold Stores on November 15, 2021 for total cash consideration of approximately A$102.2 million or $75.1 million USD based upon the exchange rate between the AUD and USD on the closing date of the transaction. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included $18.5 million of land, $32.5 million of buildings and improvements, $11.5 million of machinery and equipment, $9.4 million of goodwill, and $1.5 million of deferred tax asset, which are primarily allocated to the Warehouse segment. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the strategic benefits of the acquisition including the expanded presence in the Australian market and leveraging integration experience to drive synergies.
The Lago Cold Stores acquisition was completed through the acquisition of substantially all of the assets from the seller and the acquisition allowed goodwill recorded to be deductible for federal income tax purposes. Deferred
taxes may not be recorded for deductible goodwill unless the tax basis exceeds the book basis; therefore, the Company recorded no deferred taxes for tax deductible goodwill since the book basis of goodwill was greater than the tax basis of goodwill in this acquisition. Deductible goodwill will be available to reduce taxable income at both the REIT and its domestic TRS. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related preliminary acquisition accounting are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management. The estimates and assumptions are subject to change during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The financial results of the acquired operations have been included in the Warehouse and Transportation segments since the date of the acquisition. We believe that the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We will continue to evaluate these items until they are satisfactorily resolved and adjust our acquisition accounting accordingly, within the allowable measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition), as defined by ASC 805.
Acquisitions Completed During 2020
Acquisition of Nova Cold
The Company completed the acquisition of privately-held Nova Cold on January 2, 2020 for total cash consideration of approximately C$338.7 million, including cash received of C$1.3 million, or $260.6 million USD including cash received of $1.0 million based upon the exchange rate between the CAD and USD on the closing date of the transaction. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included $34.8 million of land, $106.1 million of buildings and improvements, $30.6 million of machinery and equipment, $64.6 million of goodwill, $53.9 million of a customer relationship intangible asset and $33.0 million of deferred tax liabilities, all of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship asset has been assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The acquisition accounting was finalized during the year ended December 31, 2020. We have included the financial results of the acquired operations in our Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition.
Acquisition of Newport
The Company completed the acquisition of privately-held Newport on January 2, 2020 for total cash consideration of $57.7 million, including cash received of $1.0 million. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included $30.2 million of property, buildings and equipment, $18.7 million of a customer relationship asset and $7.1 million of goodwill, each of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship intangible asset has been assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The acquisition accounting was finalized during the year ended December 31, 2020. We have included the financial results of the acquired operations in our Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition.
Acquisition of AM-C Warehouses
The Company completed the acquisition of privately-held AM-C Warehouses on August 31, 2020 for total cash consideration of $82.7 million. The acquisition accounting related to the consideration transferred primarily included $53.2 million of property, buildings and equipment, $19.7 million of a customer relationship asset and $10.7 million of goodwill, each of which are allocated to the Warehouse segment. The customer relationship intangible asset has been assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. The acquisition accounting was finalized during the year ended December 31, 2021. The adjustments recorded during the measurement period did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year
ended December 31, 2021. We have included the financial results of the acquired operations in our Warehouse segment since the date of the acquisition.
Acquisition of Hall’s Warehouses
The Company completed the acquisition of Hall’s Warehouses on November 2, 2020 for total cash consideration of $489.2 million, including cash received of $7.6 million. A summary of the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the measurement period adjustments is as follows (in thousands):
Initial Amounts Recognized as of the
Acquisition Date
Measurement Period AdjustmentsFinal Amounts Recognized as of the Acquisition Date
Assets
Land$29,352 $3,208 $32,560 
Buildings and improvements239,708 (84,899)154,809 
Machinery and equipment63,596 (40,777)22,819 
Assets under construction— 41 41 
Operating lease right-of-use assets26,400 739 27,139 
Cash and cash equivalents7,894 (312)7,582 
Accounts receivable11,894 — 11,894 
Goodwill42,737 130,746 173,483 
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships102,732 1,268 104,000 
Other assets303 — 303 
Total assets524,616 10,014 534,630 
Liabilities— 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses4,006 2,159 6,165 
Operating lease obligations26,400 (661)25,739 
Unearned revenue— 1,625 1,625 
Deferred tax liability5,012 6,891 11,903 
Total liabilities35,418 10,014 45,432 
Total consideration for the Hall’s acquisition$489,198 $— $489,198 
The acquisition accounting is based upon the Company’s estimates of fair value. The measurement period adjustments were primarily due to refinements to third party appraisals and refinements in carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities, as well as adjustments to certain tax accounts based on, among other things, adjustments to deferred tax liabilities. The measurement period ended on November 2, 2021, one year after the Hall’s acquisition. The total long-lived assets allocated to the Warehouse and Transportation segments were $229.8 million and $7.6 million, respectively.
The customer relationship intangible asset has been assigned a useful life of 25 years and will be amortized on a straight-line basis. The goodwill recorded is primarily attributable to the strategic benefits of the acquisition including the expanded presence in the New Jersey market. We have included the financial results of the acquired operations in our Warehouse and Transportation segments since the date of the acquisition. This transaction allowed us to grow our market share with key customers while diversifying our overall customer base. All of the
acquired facilities are located within 15 miles of each other and 30 miles of Newark Port. The Hall’s acquisition was completed through the acquisition of the outstanding stock of certain Hall’s entities and the direct purchase of real estate assets from the sellers. The acquisition allowed a portion of the goodwill recorded to be deductible for federal income tax purposes. Deductible goodwill will be available to reduce taxable income at both the REIT and potentially the domestic TRS.
Acquisition of Agro

The Company completed the acquisition of Agro on December 30, 2020 for total consideration of $1.59 billion, including cash received of $46.8 million. This was comprised of cash consideration totaling $1.08 billion, of which $49.7 million was deferred, and the issuance of 14,166,667 common shares of beneficial interest to the seller, with a fair value of $512.1 million based upon the closing share price on December 29, 2020 of $36.15. The deferred consideration was paid during the fourth quarter of 2021. A summary of the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the measurement period adjustments, is as follows (in thousands):
Initial Amounts Recognized as of the
Acquisition Date
Measurement Period AdjustmentsFinal Amounts Recognized as of the Acquisition Date
Assets
Land$95,286 $72,306 $167,592 
Buildings and improvements778,170(140,652)637,518 
Machinery and equipment206,45322,604 229,057 
Assets under construction— 14,099 14,099 
Operating lease right-of-use assets191,22911,899 203,128 
Financing lease asset46,845(16,384)30,461 
Cash and cash equivalents47,534(746)46,788 
Accounts receivable78,423(910)77,513 
Goodwill346,67371,199 417,872 
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships333,501(71,241)262,260 
Investment in partially owned entities21,638(10,539)11,099 
Other assets20,0386,575 26,613 
Total assets2,165,790 (41,790)2,124,000 
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses86,46725,887 112,354 
Operating lease obligations191,2291,965 193,194 
Financing lease obligations46,845(16,384)30,461 
Sale-leaseback obligations73,075— 73,075 
Unearned revenue4,393706 5,099 
Deferred tax liability175,719(55,152)120,567 
Total liabilities577,728 (42,978)534,750 
Total consideration for the Agro acquisition$1,588,062 $1,188 $1,589,250 

The measurement period adjustments were primarily due to refinements to third party appraisals and refinements in carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities, as well as adjustments to certain tax accounts based on,
among other things, adjustments to deferred tax liabilities. The measurement period ended on December 30, 2021, one year after the Agro acquisition. The total long-lived assets allocated to the Warehouse and Transportation segments were $1.3 billion and $7.8 million, respectively.

As shown above, the Company recorded approximately $417.9 million of goodwill related to the Agro Acquisition. There are several strategic benefits of the acquisition. It allows the Company to establish a strategic footprint in Europe, which enhances its ability to serve their multinational customers on a global scale. It also adds depth to the existing networks in North America, Australia and South America. Additionally, the portfolio comes with significant growth opportunities through potential future acquisitions, given Europe's fragmented temperature-controlled storage industry. These factors contributed to the goodwill that was recorded upon consummation of the transaction. The Agro Acquisition was completed through the acquisition of stock of various Agro entities in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions; as a result, no tax basis exists in each of these jurisdictions for tax purposes, except for minimal tax basis that existed prior to the acquisition. The Company’s deemed asset elections for the foreign operations under IRC section 338 will reduce the US income taxability of future foreign profits under the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) regime.

Also shown above, in connection with the Agro Acquisition the Company recorded an intangible asset of approximately $262.3 million for customer relationships which has been assigned a useful life of 25 years and is being amortized on a straight-line basis. Based on the discussion under goodwill above, the Agro Acquisition resulted in federal income tax deductibility for a minimal portion of the intangible assets. The deductible intangible assets will be available to reduce taxable income of the REIT and reduce any GILTI inclusion in the US associated with foreign entities acquired.
The Agro acquisition included an assumption of the 65% majority ownership of Frigorifico, a joint venture in Chile. On June 1, 2021, the Company purchased the remaining 35% minority shareholders portion of Frigorifico for $11.6 million.
Pro Forma Consolidated Results (Unaudited)
The following table presents the unaudited pro forma financial results as if the 2020 acquisition of Agro and 2019 acquisition of Cloverleaf had occurred on January 1, 2019. The pro forma adjustments primarily relate to acquisition expenses, depreciation expense on acquired assets, amortization of acquired intangibles, and estimated interest expense related to financing transactions, the proceeds of which were used to fund the acquisitions of Cloverleaf and Agro.
The accompanying unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements exclude the results of the AM-C, Bowman Stores, ColdCo, Halls, KMT Brrr!, Lago Cold Stores, Liberty Freezers and Newark Facility Management acquisitions, which were deemed immaterial individually and in the aggregate based on quantitative and qualitative considerations. Additionally, the Company has not presented pro forma combined results of operations for the acquisitions of Nova Cold and Newport, because the results of operations as reported in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations would not have been materially different. These statements are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not purport to represent what the actual Consolidated Statements of Operations of the Company would have been had the Agro and Cloverleaf acquisitions occurred on the dates assumed, nor are they necessarily indicative of what the results of operations would be for any future periods.
Pro forma (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended December 31,
20202019
Total revenue$2,517,351 $2,380,458 
Net income attributable to Americold Realty Trust$8,831 $79,671 
Net income per share, diluted(1)(2)
$0.04 $0.33 
(1)Pro forma net income available to common shareholders was adjusted to exclude $22.7 million of acquisition related costs incurred by the Company in connection with the Agro Acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2020, and to include these charges in pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2019. Pro forma net income available to common shareholders was adjusted to exclude $36.8 million of acquisition related costs incurred by Agro in connection with the Agro Acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2020. Pro forma net income available to common shareholders was adjusted to exclude $26.6 million of acquisition related costs incurred by the Company in connection with the Cloverleaf Acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2019.
(2)Adjusted to give effect of the issuance of 46.1 million common shares in connection with the Agro Acquisition and 42.1 million common shares in connection with the Cloverleaf Acquisition.
Since the date of acquisition, total revenues of approximately $152.8 million and net income of approximately $9.0 million associated with properties and operations acquired in the Cloverleaf Acquisition are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. The revenues and net income associated with properties and operations acquired in the Agro Acquisition included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was immaterial as the acquisition closed on December 30, 2020.