SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, REIT Holdings, the Operating Partnership, Pacific Oak SOR BVI and their direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions were eliminated in consolidation.
Basis of Presentation	The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification and the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Use of Estimates	The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including fair value estimates for real estate, which affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications	Certain amounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of the prior period. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 89 residential homes and one strategic opportunistic property and, as of December 31, 2024, 16 residential homes met the held for sale criteria. As a result, certain assets and liabilities were reclassified to held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. The reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of the prior period.
Revenue Recognition	Lessor Accounting The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is determined to be probable and records amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. In accordance with Topic 842, tenant reimbursements for property taxes and insurance are included in the single lease component of the lease contract (the right of the lessee to use the leased space) and therefore are accounted for as variable lease payments and are recorded as rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company adopted the practical expedient available under Topic 842 to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and instead to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the revenue recognition standard (Topic 606) and if certain conditions are met, specifically related to tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance which would otherwise be accounted for under the revenue recognition standard. The Company believes the two conditions have been met for tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance as (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the nonlease components and associated lease components are the same and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease. Accordingly, tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance are also accounted for as variable lease payments and recorded as rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, the Company determines whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or the Company. When the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term. The Company leases apartment units and residential homes under operating leases with terms generally for one year or less. Generally, credit investigations will be performed for prospective residents and security deposits will be obtained. The Company recognizes rental revenue, net of concessions, on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, when collectibility is determined to be probable. The Company makes a determination of whether the collectibility of the lease payments in an operating lease is probable. If the Company determines the lease payments are not probable of collection, the Company would fully reserve for any contractual lease payments, deferred rent receivable, and variable lease payments and would recognize rental income at the lesser of (1) on a straight-line basis or (2) cash received. These changes to the Company’s collectibility assessment are reflected as an adjustment to rental income. The Company, as a lessor, records costs to negotiate or arrange a lease that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was obtained, such as legal costs incurred to negotiate an operating lease, as an expense and classify such costs as operating, maintenance, and management expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Hotel Revenues The Company recognizes hotel revenue when earned. Revenues are recorded net of any sales or occupancy tax collected from the Company’s guests. Additionally, some of the Company’s hotel rooms are booked through independent internet travel intermediaries. If the guest pays the independent internet travel intermediary directly, revenue for the room is booked by the Company at the price the Company sold the room to the independent internet travel intermediary, less any discount or commission paid. If the guest pays the Company directly, revenue for the room is booked by the Company on a gross basis. The Company participates in frequent guest programs sponsored by the brand owners of the Company’s hotel and the Company expenses the charges associated with those programs, as incurred. Hotel operating revenues are disaggregated in Note 3 into room revenue and other revenue. Room revenue is generated through contracts with customers whereby the customer agrees to pay a daily rate for the right to use a hotel room. The Company’s contract performance obligations are fulfilled at the end of the day that the customer is provided the room and revenue is recognized daily at the contract rate. The Company records contract liabilities in the form of advanced deposits when a customer or group of customers provides a deposit for a future stay at the Company’s hotels. Advanced deposits for room revenue are included in the balance of other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and are recognized as revenue at the time of the guest’s stay.
Depreciation and Amortization	Real estate costs related to the acquisition and improvement of properties are capitalized and depreciated over the expected useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterment are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. Expenditures for tenant improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the tenant’s lease term or expected useful life.
Impairment Charges on Real Estate and Related Intangibles	The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangibles may not be recoverable or realized. Such indicators of potential impairment may include an assessment of management's intended hold period and disposition strategy, a significant decrease in market price, a significant decline in expected future undiscounted cash flows, current industry and market trends and other factors including bona fide purchase offers received from third parties in making this assessment. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related intangibles may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the recoverability by estimating whether the Company will recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangibles through its undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If, based on this analysis, the Company does not believe that it will be able to recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangibles, the Company would record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real estate and related intangibles. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $76.1 million, $64.8 million and $18.5 million on its real estate and related intangibles during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 6 for additional details. Projecting future cash flows involves estimating expected future operating income and expenses, market comparables, discount rates, capitalization rates and/or market lease and average daily rates, revenue growth rates, and occupancy related to the real estate and its related intangibles as well as market and other trends. Using inappropriate assumptions to estimate cash flows could result in incorrect fair values of the real estate and its related intangibles and could result in the overstatement of the carrying values of the Company’s real estate and related intangibles and an overstatement of its net income.
Real Estate Held for Sale	The Company generally considers real estate to be “held for sale” when the following criteria are met: (i) management commits to a plan to sell the property, (ii) the property is available for sale immediately, (iii) the property is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, (iv) the sale of the property within one year is considered probable and (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are not expected. Real estate that is held for sale and its related assets are classified as real estate held for sale and assets related to real estate held for sale, respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Notes payable and other liabilities related to real estate held for sale are classified as notes payable related to real estate held for sale and liabilities related to real estate held for sale, respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Real estate classified as held for sale is no longer depreciated and is reported at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Operating results and related gains on sale of properties that were disposed of or classified as held for sale in the ordinary course of business are included in continuing operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Sale of Real Estate	The Company’s sales of real estate would be considered a sale of a nonfinancial asset. If the Company determines it does not have a controlling financial interest in the entity that holds the asset and the arrangement meets the criteria to be accounted for as a contract, the Company would derecognize the asset and recognize a gain or loss on the sale of the real estate when control of the underlying asset transfers to the buyer.
Real Estate Equity Securities	The Company’s investment in real estate equity securities are carried at their estimated fair value based on quoted market prices for the security. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of real estate equity securities are capitalized to its cost basis. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a realized loss on real estate equity securities of $31.7 million and an unrealized gain on real estate equity securities of $19.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a realized gain on real estate equity securities of $5.5 million and an unrealized loss on real estate equity securities of $10.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not recognize realized gains or losses on real estate equity securities and recognized an unrealized loss on real estate equity securities of $51.9 million.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities	The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in unconsolidated entities that qualify as VIEs where the Company is not the primary beneficiary and other entities that the Company does not control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company recognizes its share of the ongoing income or loss from the unconsolidated entities as equity in income or loss from unconsolidated entities in the consolidated statements of operations, unless otherwise suspended. The Company evaluates the investments for both qualitative and quantitative events or changes in circumstances that indicate there may be an other-than-temporary impairment. The amount of loss recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. The aforementioned factors are taken into consideration as a whole by management in determining the valuation of our equity method investments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash and short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalents were stated at cost, which approximates fair value. There were no restrictions on the use of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance exceeded federally insurable limits as of December 31, 2024. The Company monitors the cash balances in its operating accounts and adjusts the cash balances as appropriate; however, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or are subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date, the Company has experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in its operating accounts.
Restricted Cash	Restricted cash is comprised of lender impound reserve accounts on the Company’s borrowings for security deposits, property taxes, insurance, debt service obligations, capital improvements and replacements, and escrow deposits for future real estate sales.
Deferred Financing Costs	Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, loan fees, legal fees and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing and are presented on the balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability. These costs are amortized over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are generally expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity, unless specific rules are met that would allow for the carryover of such costs to the refinanced debt. Deferred financing costs incurred before an associated debt liability is recognized are included in prepaid and other assets on the balance sheets. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.
Fair Value Measurements	The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the Company measures other assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements were classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: •Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities; •Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and •Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1 or Level 2. The Company would classify items as Level 3 in instances where the market for a financial instrument is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When the Company determines that the market for a financial instrument owned by the Company is illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, the Company uses several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and establishes a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, the Company measures fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach. Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of an inactive market: (i) there are few recent transactions, (ii) price quotations are not based on current information, (iii) price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets), (iv) indexes that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that asset or liability, (v) there is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the Company’s estimate of expected cash flows, considering all available market data about credit and other nonperformance risk for the asset or liability, (vi) there is a wide bid-ask spread or significant increase in the bid-ask spread, (vii) there is a significant decline or absence of a market for new issuances (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities, and (viii) little information is released publicly (for example, a principal-to-principal market). The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of non-orderly transactions: (i) there was not adequate exposure to the market for a period before the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets or liabilities under current market conditions, (ii) there was a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed the asset or liability to a single market participant, (iii) the seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership (that is, distressed), or the seller was required to sell to meet regulatory or legal requirements (that is, forced), and (iv) the transaction price is an outlier when compared with other recent transactions for the same or similar assets or liabilities.
Related Party Transactions	Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the Advisor specified fees upon the provision of certain services related to the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments, management of the Company’s investments and for other services (including, but not limited to, the disposition of investments). Refer to Note 7 for additional details. The Company records all related party fees as incurred, subject to any limitations described in the advisory agreement. The Company had not incurred any subordinated participation in net cash flows or subordinated incentive listing fees payable to the Advisor through December 31, 2024.
Foreign Currency Transactions	The U.S. Dollar is the Company’s functional currency. Transactions denominated in currency other than the Company’s functional currency were recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency were remeasured at each reporting date into the foreign currency at the exchange rate on that date. Exchange rate differences were recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes	The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of the Company’s annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders. The Company conducts certain business activities through taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the Company’s net income or loss and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and for net operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted income tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the new rate is enacted. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized based on consideration of all available evidence, including the future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions. The Company’s evaluations were performed for all open tax years through December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, returns for the calendar year 2020 through 2023 remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions. The Company’s hotel property is leased to a wholly-owned TRS, which in turn contracts with an independent hotel management company that manages the day-to-day operations of the Company’s hotel.
Segments	The Company operates in three reportable business segments: opportunistic real estate and real estate-related investments, residential homes, and hotel, which is how the Company's management manages the business. In general, the Company intends to hold its investments in opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets for capital appreciation. Traditional performance metrics of opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets may not be meaningful as these investments are generally non-stabilized and do not provide a consistent stream of interest income or rental revenue. These investments exhibit similar long-term financial performance and have similar economic characteristics. These investments typically involve a higher degree of risk and do not provide a constant stream of ongoing cash flows. As a result, the Company’s management views opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets as similar investments and aggregated into one reportable business segment. The Company owns residential homes in 17 markets and are all aggregated into one reportable business segment due to the homes being stabilized, having high occupancy rates and have similar economic characteristics. Additionally, the Company owned one hotel as of December 31, 2024 and is a separate reportable business segment due to the nature of the hotel business with short-term stays.
Per Share Data	The Company applies the two-class method when computing its basic and diluted earnings per share. Net loss is allocated to the unvested restricted stock payable outstanding during each year, as the restricted stock contains non-forfeitable rights to distributions and is therefore considered a participating security. The Company's unvested restricted stock payable have been included in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, as the restriction is not contingent on any conditions except the passage of time. Potential common shares consist of unvested restricted stock, using the more dilutive of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method. Basic and diluted loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such period. Diluted loss per share of common stock is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period, plus potential common shares considered outstanding during the period, as long as the inclusion of such awards is not anti-dilutive.
Square Footage, Occupancy and Other Measures	Any references to square footage, number of homes, acreage, occupancy or annualized base rent are unaudited and outside the scope of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
New Accounting Standards and Accounting Changes	In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU will require the Company to provide more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of sales, SG&A, and research and development). The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this adoption on the Company’s disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The guidance is effective on an annual basis in 2024 and will be effective for interim periods beginning in the first quarter of 2025. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-07 in December 2024 had no effect on its financial statements; however, ASU 2023-07’s additional disclosure requirements are included in Note 9.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, REIT Holdings, the Operating Partnership, Pacific Oak SOR BVI and their direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions were eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification and the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including fair value estimates for real estate, which affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of the prior period. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 89 residential homes and one strategic opportunistic property and, as of December 31, 2024, 16 residential homes met the held for sale criteria. As a result, certain assets and liabilities were reclassified to held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. The reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of the prior period.

Revenue Recognition

Lessor Accounting

The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is determined to be probable and records amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. In accordance with Topic 842, tenant reimbursements for property taxes and insurance are included in the single lease component of the lease contract (the right of the lessee to use the leased space) and therefore are accounted for as variable lease payments and are recorded as rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company adopted the practical expedient available under Topic 842 to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and instead to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the revenue recognition standard (Topic 606) and if certain conditions are met, specifically related to tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance which would otherwise be accounted for under the revenue recognition standard. The Company believes the two conditions have been met for tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance as (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the nonlease components and associated lease components are the same and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease. Accordingly, tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance are also accounted for as variable lease payments and recorded as rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

If the lease provides for tenant improvements, the Company determines whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or the Company. When the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement

allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of revenue over the lease term.

The Company leases apartment units and residential homes under operating leases with terms generally for one year or less. Generally, credit investigations will be performed for prospective residents and security deposits will be obtained. The Company recognizes rental revenue, net of concessions, on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, when collectibility is determined to be probable.

The Company makes a determination of whether the collectibility of the lease payments in an operating lease is probable. If the Company determines the lease payments are not probable of collection, the Company would fully reserve for any contractual lease payments, deferred rent receivable, and variable lease payments and would recognize rental income at the lesser of (1) on a straight-line basis or (2) cash received. These changes to the Company’s collectibility assessment are reflected as an adjustment to rental income.

The Company, as a lessor, records costs to negotiate or arrange a lease that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was obtained, such as legal costs incurred to negotiate an operating lease, as an expense and classify such costs as operating, maintenance, and management expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Hotel Revenues

The Company recognizes hotel revenue when earned. Revenues are recorded net of any sales or occupancy tax collected from the Company’s guests. Additionally, some of the Company’s hotel rooms are booked through independent internet travel intermediaries. If the guest pays the independent internet travel intermediary directly, revenue for the room is booked by the Company at the price the Company sold the room to the independent internet travel intermediary, less any discount or commission paid. If the guest pays the Company directly, revenue for the room is booked by the Company on a gross basis. The Company participates in frequent guest programs sponsored by the brand owners of the Company’s hotel and the Company expenses the charges associated with those programs, as incurred. Hotel operating revenues are disaggregated in Note 3 into room revenue and other revenue.

Room revenue is generated through contracts with customers whereby the customer agrees to pay a daily rate for the right to use a hotel room. The Company’s contract performance obligations are fulfilled at the end of the day that the customer is provided the room and revenue is recognized daily at the contract rate. The Company records contract liabilities in the form of advanced deposits when a customer or group of customers provides a deposit for a future stay at the Company’s hotels. Advanced deposits for room revenue are included in the balance of other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and are recognized as revenue at the time of the guest’s stay.

Depreciation and Amortization

Real estate costs related to the acquisition and improvement of properties are capitalized and depreciated over the expected useful life of the asset on a straight-line basis. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterment are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. Expenditures for tenant improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the tenant’s lease term or expected useful life.

Impairment Charges on Real Estate and Related Intangibles

The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of its real estate and related intangibles may not be recoverable or realized. Such indicators of potential impairment may include an assessment of management's intended hold period and disposition strategy, a significant decrease in market price, a significant decline in expected future undiscounted cash flows, current industry and market trends and other factors including bona fide purchase offers received from third parties in making this assessment. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related intangibles may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the recoverability by estimating whether the Company will recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangibles through its undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If, based on this analysis, the Company does not believe that it will be able to recover the carrying value of the real estate and related intangibles, the Company would record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real estate and related intangibles. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $76.1 million, $64.8 million and $18.5 million on its real estate and related intangibles during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 6 for additional details.

Projecting future cash flows involves estimating expected future operating income and expenses, market comparables, discount rates, capitalization rates and/or market lease and average daily rates, revenue growth rates, and occupancy related to the real estate and its related intangibles as well as market and other trends. Using inappropriate assumptions to estimate cash flows could result in incorrect fair values of the real estate and its related intangibles and could result in the overstatement of the carrying values of the Company’s real estate and related intangibles and an overstatement of its net income.

Real Estate Held for Sale

The Company generally considers real estate to be “held for sale” when the following criteria are met: (i) management commits to a plan to sell the property, (ii) the property is available for sale immediately, (iii) the property is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, (iv) the sale of the property within one year is considered probable and (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are not expected. Real estate that is held for sale and its related assets are classified as real estate held for sale and assets related to real estate held for sale, respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Notes payable and other liabilities related to real estate held for sale are classified as notes payable related to real estate held for sale and liabilities related to real estate held for sale, respectively, for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Real estate classified as held for sale is no longer depreciated and is reported at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Operating results and related gains on sale of properties that were disposed of or classified as held for sale in the ordinary course of business are included in continuing operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Sale of Real Estate

The Company’s sales of real estate would be considered a sale of a nonfinancial asset. If the Company determines it does not have a controlling financial interest in the entity that holds the asset and the arrangement meets the criteria to be accounted for as a contract, the Company would derecognize the asset and recognize a gain or loss on the sale of the real estate when control of the underlying asset transfers to the buyer.

Real Estate Equity Securities

The Company’s investment in real estate equity securities are carried at their estimated fair value based on quoted market prices for the security. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of real estate equity securities are capitalized to its cost basis.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a realized loss on real estate equity securities of $31.7 million and an unrealized gain on real estate equity securities of $19.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a realized gain on real estate equity securities of $5.5 million and an unrealized loss on real estate equity securities of $10.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not recognize realized gains or losses on real estate equity securities and recognized an unrealized loss on real estate equity securities of $51.9 million.

Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in unconsolidated entities that qualify as VIEs where the Company is not the primary beneficiary and other entities that the Company does not control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company recognizes its share of the ongoing income or loss from the unconsolidated entities as equity in income or loss from unconsolidated entities in the consolidated statements of operations, unless otherwise suspended.

The Company evaluates the investments for both qualitative and quantitative events or changes in circumstances that indicate there may be an other-than-temporary impairment. The amount of loss recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. The aforementioned factors are taken into consideration as a whole by management in determining the valuation of our equity method investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash and short-term investments. Cash and cash equivalents were stated at cost, which approximates fair value. There were no restrictions on the use of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance exceeded federally insurable limits as of December 31, 2024. The Company monitors the cash balances in its operating accounts and adjusts the cash balances as appropriate; however, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or are subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date, the Company has experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in its operating accounts.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is comprised of lender impound reserve accounts on the Company’s borrowings for security deposits, property taxes, insurance, debt service obligations, capital improvements and replacements, and escrow deposits for future real estate sales.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, loan fees, legal fees and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing and are presented on the balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability. These costs are amortized over the terms of the respective financing agreements using the effective interest method. Unamortized deferred financing costs are generally expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity, unless specific rules are met that would allow for the carryover of such costs to the refinanced debt. Deferred financing costs incurred before an associated debt liability is recognized are included in prepaid and other assets on the balance sheets. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions that do not close are expensed in the period in which it is determined that the financing will not close.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the Company measures other assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements were classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

•Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1 or Level 2.

The Company would classify items as Level 3 in instances where the market for a financial instrument is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When the Company determines that the market for a financial instrument owned by the Company is illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, the Company uses several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and establishes a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, the Company measures fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach.

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of an inactive market: (i) there are few recent transactions, (ii) price quotations are not based on current information, (iii) price quotations vary substantially either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets), (iv) indexes that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that asset or liability, (v) there is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the Company’s estimate of expected cash flows, considering all available market data about credit and other nonperformance risk for the asset or liability, (vi) there is a wide bid-ask spread or significant increase in the bid-ask spread, (vii) there is a significant decline or absence of a market for new issuances (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities, and (viii) little information is released publicly (for example, a principal-to-principal market).

The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of non-orderly transactions: (i) there was not adequate exposure to the market for a period before the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets or liabilities under current market conditions, (ii) there was a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed the asset or liability to a single market participant, (iii) the seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership (that is, distressed), or the seller was required to sell to meet regulatory or legal requirements (that is, forced), and (iv) the transaction price is an outlier when compared with other recent transactions for the same or similar assets or liabilities.

Related Party Transactions

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the Advisor specified fees upon the provision of certain services related to the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments, management of the Company’s investments and for other services (including, but not limited to, the disposition of investments). Refer to Note 7 for additional details.

The Company records all related party fees as incurred, subject to any limitations described in the advisory agreement. The Company had not incurred any subordinated participation in net cash flows or subordinated incentive listing fees payable to the Advisor through December 31, 2024.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The U.S. Dollar is the Company’s functional currency. Transactions denominated in currency other than the Company’s functional currency were recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency were remeasured at each reporting date into the foreign currency at the exchange rate on that date. Exchange rate differences were recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of the Company’s annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the

dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders. The Company conducts certain business activities through taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”). If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the Company’s net income or loss and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases, and for net operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted income tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period when the new rate is enacted. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized based on consideration of all available evidence, including the future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have been assessed interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions. The Company’s evaluations were performed for all open tax years through December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, returns for the calendar year 2020 through 2023 remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions.

The Company’s hotel property is leased to a wholly-owned TRS, which in turn contracts with an independent hotel management company that manages the day-to-day operations of the Company’s hotel.

Segments

The Company operates in three reportable business segments: opportunistic real estate and real estate-related investments, residential homes, and hotel, which is how the Company's management manages the business. In general, the Company intends to hold its investments in opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets for capital appreciation. Traditional performance metrics of opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets may not be meaningful as these investments are generally non-stabilized and do not provide a consistent stream of interest income or rental revenue. These investments exhibit similar long-term financial performance and have similar economic characteristics. These investments typically involve a higher degree of risk and do not provide a constant stream of ongoing cash flows. As a result, the Company’s management views opportunistic real estate and other real estate-related assets as similar investments and aggregated into one reportable business segment. The Company owns residential homes in 17 markets and are all aggregated into one reportable business segment due to the homes being stabilized, having high occupancy rates and have similar economic characteristics. Additionally, the Company owned one hotel as of December 31, 2024 and is a separate reportable business segment due to the nature of the hotel business with short-term stays.

Per Share Data

The Company applies the two-class method when computing its basic and diluted earnings per share. Net loss is allocated to the unvested restricted stock payable outstanding during each year, as the restricted stock contains non-forfeitable rights to distributions and is therefore considered a participating security. The Company's unvested restricted stock payable have been included in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, as the restriction is not contingent on any conditions except the passage of time. Potential common shares consist of unvested restricted stock, using the more dilutive of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method.

Basic and diluted loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such period. Diluted loss per share of common stock is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period, plus potential common shares considered outstanding during the period, as long as the inclusion of such awards is not anti-dilutive.

Square Footage, Occupancy and Other Measures

Any references to square footage, number of homes, acreage, occupancy or annualized base rent are unaudited and outside the scope of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

New Accounting Standards and Accounting Changes

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU will require the Company to provide more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of sales, SG&A, and research and development). The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this adoption on the Company’s disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The guidance is effective on an annual basis in 2024 and will be effective for interim periods beginning in the first quarter of 2025. The Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-07 in December 2024 had no effect on its financial statements; however, ASU 2023-07’s additional disclosure requirements are included in Note 9.