INCOME TAXES

The components of earnings before income taxes were:



	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2015		2014		2013
U.S.	$	183.6	$	92.6	$	141.9
Non-U.S.	687.6		835.4		782.4
Total	$	871.2	$	928.0	$	924.3

The above amounts are categorized based on the applicable taxing authorities.

The provision/(benefit) for income taxes consisted of:



	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2015			2014			2013
Current:
U.S. federal	$	39.8		$	53.7		$	79.1
U.S. states	2.7			4.2			2.4
Non-U.S.	130.1			156.3			130.6
Total current income tax expense	172.6			214.2			212.1

Deferred:
U.S. federal	44.2			(6.9		)	(6.4		)
U.S. states	3.3			(1.3		)	1.9
Non-U.S.	(4.2		)	(6.8		)	27.5
Total deferred income tax expense/(benefit)	43.3			(15.0		)	23.0

Total	$	215.9		$	199.2		$	235.1

Effective Tax Rate
—MJN’s provision for income taxes in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was different from the amount computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes as a result of the following:



(Dollars in millions)	2015					2014					2013
U.S. statutory rate	$	304.9		35.0	%	$	324.8		35.0	%	$	323.5		35.0	%
U.S. state and local taxes (net of federal benefit)	4.5			0.5		0.6			0.1		1.3			0.1
Foreign income taxed at different rates	(36.6		)	(4.2	)	(32.0		)	(3.4	)	(17.1		)	(1.9	)
Repatriation of foreign income	2.2			0.3		—			—		1.0			0.1
Tax rulings and agreements	(92.8		)	(10.6	)	(133.7		)	(14.4	)	(121.9		)	(13.2	)
Reversal of deferred tax on prior years' unremitted foreign earnings due to an indefinite investment assertion	—			—		—			—		(8.2		)	(0.9	)
Administrative penalty (China)	—			—		—			—		8.3			0.9
Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest/penalties	21.7			2.5		22.9			2.5		38.1			4.1
Other	12.0			1.3		16.6			1.7		10.1			1.2
Total provision/effective tax rate	$	215.9		24.8	%	$	199.2		21.5	%	$	235.1		25.4	%

The Company negotiated a tax ruling effective from January 1, 2010, under which certain profits in the Netherlands are exempt from taxation through the year ending December 31, 2019. This ruling was superseded by a subsequent tax agreement effective July 26, 2012, whereby the Company and the Dutch tax authorities agreed to the appropriate remuneration attributable to Dutch manufacturing activities through the year ending December 31, 2019.

In addition, the Company negotiated a tax ruling effective from January 1, 2013, under which certain profits in Singapore are eligible for favorable taxation through the year ending December 31, 2027.

Deferred Taxes and Valuation Allowance—The components of deferred income tax assets/(liabilities) were:



	December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	25.2		$	34.4
Accrued rebates and returns	43.2			48.1
Pension and other post-employment liabilities	47.6			70.3
Stock-based compensation	18.2			19.2
Obsolescence reserves and other inventory items	11.6			12.6
Net operating loss carryforwards	16.3			14.7
Settlement loss on interest rate forward swaps	15.6			16.2
Statutory loss on investment in subsidiaries	6.6			—
State tax credit carryforwards	8.8			7.2
Other—net	4.9			—
Valuation allowance	(14.8		)	(7.7		)
Total deferred tax assets	183.2			215.0
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization	(68.0		)	(66.6		)
Unremitted earnings and cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments	(5.4		)	(4.2		)
Other—net	—			(5.8		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(73.4		)	(76.6		)
Deferred tax assets—net	$	109.8		$	138.4
Recognized as:
Net deferred income tax assets—noncurrent	118.5			150.4
Net deferred income tax liabilities—noncurrent	(8.7		)	(12.0		)
Total	$	109.8		$	138.4

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had definite-lived and indefinite-lived gross foreign net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $59.0 million. Indefinite-lived NOL carryforwards totaled $36.5 million with the remainder being definite-lived. An immaterial amount of these definite-lived NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2016, with the remainder of the definite-lived NOL carryforwards to expire no later than 2025. The valuation allowance recorded for NOL carryforwards is $4.2 million as of December 31, 2015.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had various definite-lived U.S. state tax credit carryforwards of $8.8 million net of the federal tax benefit. An immaterial amount of these state tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2016, with the remainder of the state tax credit carryforwards to expire no later than 2025. The valuation allowance recorded for state tax credit carryforwards is $5.6 million, net of the federal tax benefit, as of December 31, 2015.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company incurred a statutory loss on the investment in its Russian business of $26.5 million. This loss will be tax deductible in the Netherlands when the Russian entity is liquidated, and a deferred tax asset of $6.6 million has been recorded as of December 31, 2015. The Company expects to utilize $1.6 million of this deferred tax asset, and a valuation allowance of $5.0 million has been recorded for the remainder.

Income taxes paid net of refunds were $134.2 million, $183.7 million, and $159.3 million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The income taxes were paid to or received from federal, state and foreign taxing authorities and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (“BMS”) pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement, described below.

As of December 31, 2015, U.S. taxes have not been provided on approximately $2,300.0 million of foreign earnings as these undistributed earnings have been indefinitely invested offshore. If, in the future, these earnings were to be repatriated to the U.S. additional tax provisions would be required. It is impracticable to determine a precise estimate of the additional provision required. However, the maximum potential estimated U.S. tax liability would be $795.0 million if these earnings were to be repatriated to the United States in such a manner that the entire amount of foreign earnings would be subject to the U.S. statutory tax rate with no U.S. tax relief for foreign taxes already paid. However, the Company has no plans to repatriate these foreign earnings.

The Company’s tax returns are routinely audited by federal, state and foreign tax authorities and these tax audits are at various stages of completion at any given time. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has completed examinations of the Company’s U.S. income tax filings through December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2015, the Company’s 2011 and 2012 income tax returns were under IRS examination. The Company was also recently notified that the China tax authorities will commence an audit of tax years 2008 through 2014 in early 2016. At December 31, 2015, tax years remaining open to examination outside the U.S. include 2006 and forward.

A reconciliation of the Company’s changes in gross uncertain tax positions is as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2015			2014			2013
Balance at January 1:	$	127.3		$	102.6		$	64.7
Increases based on current year tax positions	19.9			26.6			23.8
Decreases based on current year tax positions	—			—			—
Increases based on prior year tax positions	6.5			10.4			18.9
Decreases based on prior year tax positions	(5.2		)	(1.6		)	—
Settlements	(2.0		)	—			—
Lapse of statute of limitations	(3.7		)	(9.9		)	(3.8		)
Cumulative translation adjustment	(1.6		)	(0.8		)	(1.0		)
Balance at December 31:	$	141.2		$	127.3		$	102.6

Uncertain tax positions have been recorded as part of other liabilities with a reversal of up to $7 million reasonably possible in the next 12 months primarily due to the running of statutes of limitations, of which an immaterial amount would impact the effective tax rate. The amounts of recorded uncertain tax positions that impacted the effective tax rate were $88.3 million, $69.8 million and $48.6 million as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company believes that it has provided adequately for all uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that new issues may be raised by tax authorities and that these issues may require increases in the balance of uncertain tax positions.

Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were $25.8 million and $19.5 million, as of December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively, and are included as a component of other liabilities. The Company classifies interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of provision for income taxes. The amount of interest and penalties included as a component of provision for income taxes was $7.0 million, $4.8 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

On December 18, 2009, the Company and BMS entered into an Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement in anticipation of the separation from BMS. Under the Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement, BMS agreed to indemnify the Company for (i) any tax attributable to a MJN legal entity for any taxable period ending on or before December 31, 2008, (ii) any tax arising solely as a result of MJN’s 2009 initial public offering (“IPO”) and the restructuring preceding the IPO, and (iii) any transaction tax associated with the separation transaction. The Company agreed to indemnify BMS for (i) any tax payable with respect to any separate return that the Company is required to file or cause to be filed, (ii) any tax incurred as a result of any gain which may be recognized by a member of the BMS affiliated group with respect to a transfer of certain foreign affiliates by the Company in preparation for the IPO, and (iii) any tax arising from the failure or breach of any representation or covenant made by the Company which failure or breach results in the intended tax consequences of the separation transaction not being achieved. Additionally, under the Amended and Restated Tax Matters Agreement, the Company continues to maintain responsibility for any tax positions which may exist for any taxable period ending after December 31, 2008.