Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year. The Company operates on a 4-4-5 week quarterly calendar.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The primary estimates and assumptions made by management are related to revenue recognition, reserves for sales returns and incentives, reserves for warranty, valuation of stock-based awards, fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, fair value of goodwill and acquired tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed during acquisitions, the number of reportable segments, the recoverability of intangible assets and their useful lives, contingencies, income taxes, recoverability of unused advertising credits, and impairment of an equity investment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive loss, net of tax. Other comprehensive loss refers to revenue, expenses, and gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net loss. The Company’s other comprehensive loss consists of net unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges, foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of money market funds, U.S. government and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate notes and bonds.

Marketable Securities

The Company’s marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale as of the balance sheet date and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported, net of tax, as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Because the Company views marketable securities as available to support current operations as needed, it has classified all available-for-sale securities as current assets. Realized gains or losses and other-than-temporary impairments, if any, on available-for-sale securities are reported in other expense, net as incurred. Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are determined by specific identification of each security’s cost basis. Investments are reviewed periodically to identify possible other-than-temporary impairments. No impairment loss has been recorded on the securities as the Company believes that any decrease in fair value of these securities is temporary and expects to recover up to, or beyond, the initial cost of investment for these securities.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with inputs used to measure their fair values. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date.

The Company estimates fair value by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

Level 3—Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Foreign Currencies

The Company and all of its wholly-owned subsidiaries use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

The Company’s subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency remeasure local currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and inventories, property, plant and equipment and other nonmonetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Gains and losses from these remeasurements have been included in the Company’s operating results within other income (expense), net. Local currency transactions of these international operations are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency transaction gains were $4.6 million, $2.6 million, and $11.7 million for 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Derivative Instruments

The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. Derivatives held by the Company that are not designated as hedges are adjusted to fair value through earnings at each reporting date. In addition, the Company enters into derivatives that are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The Company records the gains or losses, net of tax, related to the effective portion of its cash flow hedges as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity and subsequently reclassifies the gains or losses into revenue and operating expenses when the underlying hedged transactions are recognized. The Company periodically assesses the effectiveness of its cash flow hedges. The fair value of derivative assets and liabilities are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivables, and derivative instruments. Cash is deposited with high quality financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company’s Investment Policy requires that cash equivalents and marketable securities are invested only in investment grade securities and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issuance, issuer, or type of investment. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s deposits are financially credit worthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal interest rate risk.

The Company’s accounts receivable is derived from customers located principally in the United States. The Company maintains credit insurance for the majority of its customer balances, performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, and maintains allowances for potential credit losses on customers’ accounts when deemed necessary. Credit losses historically have not been significant. The Company continuously monitors customer payments and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based on its assessment of various factors including historical experience, age of the receivable balances, and other current economic conditions or other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay.

The Company’s derivative instruments expose it to credit risk to the extent that its counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. The Company seeks to mitigate this risk by limiting counterparties to major financial institutions and by spreading the risk across several major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored on an ongoing basis.

Supplier Concentration

The Company relies on third parties for the supply and manufacture of its products, as well as third-party logistics providers. In instances where these parties fail to perform their obligations, the Company may be unable to find alternative suppliers or satisfactorily deliver its products to its customers on time, if at all.

Inventories

Inventories consist of finished goods and component parts, which are purchased from contract manufacturers and component suppliers. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically writes down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon estimates of future demand and market conditions.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Cost of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred.

The useful lives of the property and equipment are as follows:



Tooling and manufacturing equipment		One to three years
Furniture and office equipment		Three years
Purchased software		Three years
Capitalized internally-developed software		Two to eight years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of remaining lease term or ten years

Internally-Development Software Costs

Internally-Developed Software Costs

The Company capitalizes eligible costs to acquire, develop, or modify internal-use software that are incurred subsequent to the preliminary project stage.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, consulting and contractor expenses, tooling and prototype materials, and allocated overhead costs. Substantially all of the Company’s research and development expenses are related to developing new products and services and improving existing products and services. To date, research and development expenses have been expensed as incurred, because the release of products and services for sale has been short and development costs qualifying for capitalization have been immaterial.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations, Goodwill, and Intangible Assets

The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to tangible assets, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is allocated to goodwill. The allocation of the purchase consideration requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. These estimates can include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customers, acquired technology, and trade names from a market participant perspective, useful lives, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

Goodwill

The Company assesses goodwill for impairment at least annually during the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Consistent with the determination that the Company has one operating segment, the Company has determined that there is one reporting unit and tests goodwill for impairment at the entity level. Goodwill is tested using the two-step process in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. In the first step, the carrying amount of the reporting unit is compared to the fair value based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, goodwill is potentially impaired and the second step of the impairment test must be performed. In the second step, the implied fair value of the goodwill, as defined by ASC 350, is compared to its carrying amount to determine the amount of impairment loss, if any. The Company tested goodwill for impairment as of October 31, 2018 and 2017, and the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value.

Intangible Assets

Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of intangible assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. The Company has not recorded any such impairment charge during the years presented.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amounts to the expected future undiscounted cash flows attributable to these assets. If it is determined that an asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded in the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the expected discounted future cash flows arising from those assets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers at transaction price, an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Transaction price is calculated as selling price net of variable consideration which may include estimates for future returns and sales incentives related to current period product revenue.

Products and Services

The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from sales of its wearable devices, which includes trackers, smartwatches and accessories. The Company also generates a small portion of revenue from its subscription-based services. The Company considers delivery of its products to have occurred once control has transferred and delivery of services to have occurred as control is transferred. The Company recognizes revenue, net of estimated sales returns, sales incentives, discounts, and sales tax.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

The Company enters into contracts that have multiple performance obligations that include hardware, software, and services. The first performance obligation is the hardware and firmware essential to the functionality of the tracker or smartwatch delivered at the time of sale. The second performance obligation is the software services included with the products, which are provided free of charge and enable users to sync, view, and access real-time data on the Company’s online dashboard and mobile apps. The third performance obligation is the embedded right included with the purchase of the device to receive, on a when-and-if-available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features relating to the product’s essential firmware. In addition, the Company occasionally offers a fourth performance obligation in bundled arrangements that allows access to subscription-based services related to the Company’s Fitbit Coach offering.

The Company allocates revenue to all performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”). The Company’s process for determining its SSP considers multiple factors including consumer behaviors, the Company’s internal pricing model, and cost-plus margin and may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances related to each deliverable. SSP for the trackers and smartwatches reflect the Company’s best estimate of the selling prices if they were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis and comprise the majority of the arrangement consideration. SSP for upgrade rights currently ranges from $1.00 to $3.00. SSP for the online dashboard and mobile apps is currently estimated at $0.99. SSP for access to Fitbit Coach subscription-based services is based on the price charged when sold separately.

Amounts allocated to the delivered wearable devices are recognized at the time of delivery, provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the online dashboard and mobile apps and unspecified upgrade rights are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated usage period.

The Company offers its users the ability to purchase subscription-based services, through which the users receive incremental features, including access to a digital personal trainer, in-depth analytics regarding the user’s personal metrics, or video-based customized workouts. Amounts paid for subscriptions are deferred and recognized ratably over the service period, which is typically one year. Revenue from subscription-based services was less than 1% of revenue for all periods presented.

In addition, the Company offers subscription-based software and services to certain customers in Fitness Health Solutions, which includes a real-time dashboard, and the ability to create corporate challenges. SSP for the Fitness Health Solutions subscription is determined based on the Company’s internal pricing model for anticipated renewals for existing customers and pricing for new customers. Revenue allocated to the Fitness Health Solutions subscription is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated access period of one year, which is the typical service period. Revenue for Fitness Health Solutions software and services was less than 1% of revenue for all periods presented.

The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract with a customer as incurred when the amortization period would be one year or less. The Company applies a practical expedient to not consider the effect of a significant financing component as it expects that the period between transfer of control and payment from customer to be one year or less.

The Company accounts for shipping and handling fees billed to customers as revenue. Sales taxes and value added taxes (“VAT”) collected from customers which are remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue, and are reflected as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets.

Rights of Return, Stock Rotation Rights, and Price Protection

The Company offers limited rights of return, stock rotation rights, and price protection under various policies and programs with its retailer and distributor customers and end-users. Below is a summary of the general provisions of such policies and programs:


•	Retailers and distributors are generally allowed to return products that were originally sold through to an end-user under provisions of their contracts, called “open-box” returns, and such returns may be made at any time after the original sale.


•	All purchases through Fitbit.com are covered by a 45-day right of return.


•	Certain distributors are allowed stock rotation rights which are limited rights of return of products purchased during a prior period, generally one quarter.


•	Certain distributors are offered price protection that allows for the right to a partial credit for unsold inventory held by the distributor if the Company reduces the selling price of a product.

The Company estimates reserves for these policies and programs based on historical experience, and records the reserves as a reduction of revenue and an accrued liability. Through December 31, 2018, actual returns have primarily been open-box returns. On a quarterly basis, the amount of revenue that is reserved for future returns is calculated based on historical trends and data specific to each reporting period. The historical trends consider product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality, and other factors. Return rates can fluctuate over time, but have been sufficiently predictable to allow the Company to estimate expected future product returns. The Company reviews the actual returns evidenced in prior quarters as a percent of related revenue to determine the historical rate of returns. The Company then applies the historical rate of returns to the current period revenue as a basis for estimating future returns. When necessary, the Company also provides a specific reserve for products in the distribution channel in excess of estimated requirements. This estimate can be affected by the amount of a particular product in the channel, the rate of sell-through, product plans, and other factors. The Company also considers whether there are circumstances which may result in anticipated returns higher than the historical return rate from direct customers and records an additional specific reserve as necessary. The estimates and assumptions used to reserve for rights of return, stock rotation rights, and price protection have been accurate in all material respects and have not materially changed in the past.

Sales Incentives

Cost of Revenue

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs and Point of Purchase (“POP”) Displays

Costs related to advertising and promotions, excluding cooperative advertising costs, are expensed to sales and marketing as incurred. Advertising and promotion expenses, including expenses for POP displays, for 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $161.5 million, $226.3 million and $316.8 million, respectively. Co-op advertising costs are recorded as a reduction to revenue, and for 2018, 2017, and 2016 were $80.3 million, $45.0 million and $52.9 million, respectively.

The Company provides retailers with POP displays, generally free of charge, in order to facilitate the marketing of the Company’s products within retail stores. Any amounts capitalized related to the costs of the POP displays are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and recognized as expense over the expected period of the benefit provided by these assets, which is generally 12 months. The related expenses are included in sales and marketing expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Product Warranty

The Company offers a standard product warranty that its products will operate under normal use for a period of one-year from the date of original purchase, except in the European Union and certain Asia Pacific countries where the Company provides a two-year warranty. The Company has the obligation, at its option, to either repair or replace a defective product. At the time revenue is recognized, an estimate of future warranty costs is recorded as a component of cost of revenues. The estimate of future warranty costs is based on historical and projected warranty claim rates, historical and projected cost-per-claim and knowledge of specific product failures, if any, that are outside of the Company’s typical experience. The Company regularly review these estimates to assess the appropriateness of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjust the amounts as necessary. Factors that affect the warranty obligation include product failure rates, service delivery costs incurred in correcting the product failures, and warranty policies. The Company’s products are manufactured by contract manufacturers, and in certain cases, the Company may have recourse against such contract manufacturers. Should actual product failure rates, use of materials or other costs differ from the Company’s estimates, additional warranty liabilities could be incurred, which could materially affect its results of operations. The estimates and assumptions used to reserve for product warranty have been accurate in all material respects and have not materially changed in the past.

Share-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires judgment. The fair value of restricted stock units, or RSUs, without market conditions is the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs subject to market conditions using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options, warrants and shares issued under the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2015 ESPP”).

The Company recognizes tax benefits related to stock-based compensation to the extent that the total reduction to its income tax liability from stock-based compensation is greater than the amount of the deferred tax assets previously recorded in anticipation of these benefits.

Segment Information

The Company operates as one operating segment as it only reports financial information on an aggregate and consolidated basis to its Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. The Company makes estimates, assumptions, and judgments to determine its expense (benefit) for income taxes and also for deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowances recorded against its deferred tax assets. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent it believes that recovery is not likely, the Company establishes a valuation allowance.

The calculation of the Company’s income tax expense involves the use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments while taking into account current tax laws, its interpretation of current tax laws, and possible outcomes of future tax audits. The Company has established reserves to address potential exposures related to tax positions that could be challenged by tax authorities. Although the Company believes its estimates, assumptions, and judgments to be reasonable, any changes in tax law or its interpretation of tax laws and the resolutions of potential tax audits could significantly impact the amounts provided for income taxes in its consolidated financial statements.

The calculation of the Company’s deferred tax asset balance involves the use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments while taking into account estimates of the amounts and type of future taxable income. Actual future operating results and the underlying amount and type of income could differ materially from its estimates, assumptions, and judgments, thereby impacting its financial position and operating results.

The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within income tax expense. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits have been recognized in the appropriate periods presented.

Net Income (Loss) per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers its redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities. The holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock did not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. In accordance with the two-class method, earnings allocated to these participating securities and the related number of outstanding shares of the participating securities, which include contractual participation rights in undistributed earnings, have been excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders. For the calculation of diluted net income per share, net income attributable to common stockholders for basic net income per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, including all potentially dilutive common shares, if the effect of such shares is dilutive.

In connection with the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in 2015, the Company established two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As a result, all then-outstanding shares of common stock were converted into shares of Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the stockholder into one share of Class A common stock, generally automatically converts into Class A common stock upon a transfer, and has no expiration date. The Company applies the two-class method of calculating earnings per share, but as the dividend rights of both classes are identical, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same for both classes.

As the Company was in a net loss position from 2016 through 2018, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was the same as diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance; ASU 2017-13, ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-11 (collectively, Topic 842). Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet. Topic 842 will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and requires adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The Company has assessed the impact of the guidance, which includes evaluating contracts, developing policies, processes and information technology tools to report financial results, and implementing and evaluating the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that will be necessary under the new standard. The Company will adopt Topic 842 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative-effect adjustment on January 1, 2019, and will not restate comparative periods. Upon adoption, the Company elected the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which allows the carryforward of the assessment of whether contracts contain or are leases, historical lease classification, and remaining lease terms. Based on the Company’s lease portfolio, it anticipates recording right-of-use assets between a range of approximately $95.0 million to $115.0 million and aggregate current and non-current liabilities between a range of approximately $125.0 million to $145.0 million on its consolidated balance sheet. However, the Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 provides for a new impairment model which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments, including but not limited to accounts receivable and available for sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The second step measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under ASU 2017-04, a company will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. ASU 2017-04 will be applied prospectively and is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Under existing U.S. GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“2017 Tax Act”). The amendments in ASU No. 2018-02 also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the impact of adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements and will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements and will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB, issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods and services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. Upon adoption, the Company recognized an immaterial cumulative effect of adopting this guidance as an adjustment to its opening accumulated deficit balance. The new standard impacted the timing of when revenue is recognized for certain products shipped, and the timing and classification of certain sales incentives, which are generally recognized earlier than historical guidance. The Company believes the new guidance is materially consistent with its historical revenue recognition policy. In addition, ASU 2014-09 requires the presentation of sales returns reserve as a current liability. The Company’s sales return reserve was $104.0 million as of December 31, 2018, presented within “Accrued liabilities” and was $109.9 million as of December 31, 2017, presented within “Accounts receivable, net.”

The impact to revenue, accounts receivable, deferred revenue, and accrued liabilities as a result of applying ASU 2014-09 for the year ended or as of December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Under ASC 605			Impact			Under ASC 606

Revenue	$	1,511,999		$	(16	)	$	1,511,983
Accounts receivable, net	310,208			104,001			414,209
Deferred revenue	37,635			(799		)	36,836
Accrued liabilities	333,201			104,033			437,234
Accumulated deficit	(319,052		)	(15		)	(319,067		)

The impact to other financial statement line items was immaterial. Adoption of the standard had no impact to net cash from or used in operating, investing, or financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which updates certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The Company has elected to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 provides guidance intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 provides guidance in a number of situations including, among others, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, distributions received from equity method investees, and classifying cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers Other than Inventory (Topic 740), which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-16 on January 1, 2018, and the adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The purpose of ASU 2017-01 is to change the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. ASU 2017-01 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. ASU 2017-09 was issued to clarify and reduce both (i) diversity in practice and (ii) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. ASU 2017-09 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-12 amends the hedge accounting rules to simplify the application of hedge accounting standard and better portray the economic results of risk management activities in the financial statements. The standard expands the ability to hedge non-financial and financial risk components, reduces complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk, eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, as well as eases certain hedge effectiveness assessment requirements. The Company early adopted this new standard in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.