Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Fitbit, Inc. (the “Company”) are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and in management’s opinion, includes all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, its results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other period.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2018.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year. The Company is on a 4-4-5 week quarterly calendar. There were 90 and 91 days in each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017, respectively.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The primary estimates and assumptions made by management are related to revenue recognition, reserves for sales returns and incentives, reserves for warranty, valuation of stock options, fair value of derivative assets and liabilities, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, fair value of goodwill and acquired tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed during acquisitions, the number of reportable segments, the recoverability of intangible assets and their useful lives, contingencies, and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes in the Company’s accounting policies from those disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, except for the policies described below in relation to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), discussed below in the section titled “Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted.”

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Products and Services

The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from sales of its wearable devices, which includes both connected health and fitness devices and accessories and smartwatches. The Company also generates a small portion of revenue from its subscription-based services. The Company considers delivery of its products to have occurred once controlled is transferred and delivery of services to have occurred as control is transferred. The Company recognizes revenue, net of estimated sales returns, sales incentives, discounts, and sales tax.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

The Company enters into contracts that have multiple performance obligations that include hardware, software, and services. The first performance obligation is the hardware and firmware essential to the functionality of the connected health and fitness device or smartwatch delivered at the time of sale. The second performance obligation is the software services included with the products, which are provided free of charge and enable users to sync, view, and access real-time data on the Company’s online dashboard and mobile apps. The third performance obligation is the embedded right included with the purchase of the device to receive, on a when-and-if-available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features relating to the product’s essential firmware. In addition, the Company occasionally offers a fourth performance obligation in bundled arrangements that allows access to subscription-based services related to the Company’s Fitbit Coach offering.

The Company allocates revenue to all performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”). The Company’s process for determining its SSP considers multiple factors including consumer behaviors, the Company’s internal pricing model, and cost-plus margin and may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances related to each deliverable. SSP for the health and fitness devices and smartwatches reflect the Company’s best estimate of the selling prices if they were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis and comprise the majority of the arrangement consideration. SSP for upgrade rights currently ranges from $1.00 to $3.00. SSP for the online dashboard and mobile apps is currently estimated at $0.99. SSP for access to Fitbit Coach subscription-based services is based on the price charged when sold separately.

Amounts allocated to the delivered wearable devices are recognized at the time of delivery, provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the online dashboard and mobile apps and unspecified upgrade rights are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated usage period.

The Company offers its users the ability to purchase subscription-based services, through which the users receive incremental features, including access to a digital personal trainer, in-depth analytics regarding the user’s personal metrics, or video-based customized workouts. Amounts paid for subscriptions are deferred and recognized ratably over the service period, which is typically one year. Revenue from subscription-based services was less than 1% of revenue for all periods presented.

In addition, the Company offers subscription-based software and services to certain customers in the corporate wellness program, which includes a real-time dashboard, and the ability to create corporate challenges. SSP for the corporate wellness subscription is determined based on the Company’s internal pricing model for anticipated renewals for existing customers and pricing for new customers. Revenue allocated to the corporate wellness subscription is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated access period of one year, which is the typical service period. Revenue for corporate wellness software and services was less than 1% of revenue for all periods presented.

The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract with a customer as incurred when the amortization period would be one year or less. The Company applies a practical expedient to not consider the effect of a significant financing component as it expects that the period between transfer of control and payment from customer to be one year or less.

The Company accounts for shipping and handling fees billed to customers as revenue. Sales taxes and value added taxes (“VAT”) collected from customers which are remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue, and are reflected as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets.

Rights of Return, Stock Rotation Rights, and Price Protection

The Company offers limited rights of return, stock rotation rights, and price protection under various policies and programs with its retailer and distributor customers and end-users. Below is a summary of the general provisions of such policies and programs:


•	Retailers and distributors are generally allowed to return products that were originally sold through to an end-user under provisions of their contracts, called “open-box” returns, and such returns may be made at any time after the original sale.


•	All purchases through Fitbit.com are covered by a 45-day right of return.


•	Certain distributors are allowed stock rotation rights which are limited rights of return of products purchased during a prior period, generally one quarter.


•	Certain distributors and retailers are allowed return rights for defective products.


•	Certain distributors are offered price protection that allows for the right to a partial credit for unsold inventory held by the distributor if the Company reduces the selling price of a product.

The Company estimates reserves for these policies and programs based on historical experience, and records the reserves as a reduction of revenue and an accrued liability. Through March 31, 2018, actual returns have primarily been open-box returns. In addition, through March 31, 2018, the Company has had limited price protection claims. On a quarterly basis, the amount of revenue that is reserved for future returns is calculated based on historical trends and data specific to each reporting period. The historical trends consider product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality, and other factors. Return rates can fluctuate over time, but have been sufficiently predictable to allow the Company to estimate expected future product returns. The Company reviews the actual returns evidenced in prior quarters as a percent of related revenue to determine the historical rate of returns. The Company then applies the historical rate of returns to the current period revenue as a basis for estimating future returns. When necessary, the Company also provides a specific reserve for products in the distribution channel in excess of estimated requirements. This estimate can be affected by the amount of a particular product in the channel, the rate of sell-through, product plans, and other factors. The Company also considers whether there are circumstances which may result in anticipated returns higher than the historical return rate from direct customers and records an additional specific reserve as necessary. The estimates and assumptions used to reserve for rights of return, stock rotation rights, and price protection have been accurate in all material respects and have not materially changed in the past.

Sales Incentives

The Company offers sales incentives through various programs, consisting primarily of cooperative advertising and marketing development fund programs. The Company records advertising and marketing development fund programs with customers as a reduction to revenue unless it receives a distinct benefit in exchange for credits claimed by the customer and can reasonably estimate the fair value of the distinct benefit received, in which case the Company records it as a marketing expense. The Company recognizes a liability and reduces revenue for rebates or other incentives based on the estimated amount of rebates or credits that will be claimed by customers.

Refer to Note 10 for disaggregated revenue by geographic region, based on ship-to destinations.

Customer Bankruptcy

In September 2017, Wynit Distribution (“Wynit”) filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Wynit was the Company’s largest customer, historically representing 11% of total revenue during the six months ended July 1, 2017 and 19% of total accounts receivables as of July 1, 2017. In connection with Wynit’s bankruptcy filing, the Company believed that the collectability of the product shipments to Wynit during the third quarter of 2017 was not reasonably assured. However, as of July 1, 2017, collectability of accounts receivables from Wynit was reasonably assured.

The Company ceased to recognize revenue from Wynit, which totaled $8.1 million during the third quarter of 2017. Additionally, the Company recorded a charge of $35.8 million during the third quarter ended September 30, 2017 comprised of cost of revenue of $5.5 million associated with shipments to Wynit in the third quarter of 2017 and bad debt expense of $30.3 million associated with all of Wynit’s outstanding accounts receivables. The Company maintains credit insurance that covers a portion of the exposure related to its customer receivables. The Company recorded an insurance receivable based on an analysis of its insurance policies, including their exclusions, an assessment of the nature of the claim, and information from its insurance carrier. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had recorded an insurance receivable of $26.8 million, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, associated with the amount it had concluded was probable related to the claim. The $26.8 million insurance receivable allowed the Company to recover $22.7 million of bad debt expense and $4.1 million of cost of revenue, resulting in a net charge of $9.0 million in the consolidated statement of operations comprised of net bad debt expense of $7.6 million and net cost of revenue of $1.4 million. The Company received $21.4 million of the insurance receivable during the fourth quarter of 2017 and the remaining $5.4 million in January 2018.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company released $12.4 million in outstanding product return and rebate reserves related to Wynit, as it believes the possibility of future claims associated with these reserves is remote. This reserve release resulted in a $12.4 million increase in revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Non-Monetary Transaction

The Company entered into an agreement with a third party during 2016 to exchange inventory for advertising credits and cash. The Company recorded the transaction based on the estimated fair value of the products exchanged. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded $15.0 million of revenue and $7.0 million of associated cost of goods sold upon exchange of the products for advertising credits of $13.0 million and cash of $2.0 million. The $13.0 million of unused advertising credits remaining as of December 31, 2016 were recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other assets. Such credits are expected to be used over the contractual period of four years, and will be expensed as advertising services are received. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and April 1, 2017, $0.1 million of credits were utilized in each of these periods. The Company’s prepaid and other assets related to unused advertising credits as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $12.1 million and $12.2 million, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, and requires adoption using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements. The Company anticipates that the adoption will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets, as it will now include a right of use asset and a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments related to substantially all operating lease arrangements; however, the Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 provides for a new impairment model which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments, including but not limited to accounts receivable and available for sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 will become effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating the second step of the goodwill impairment test. The second step measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under ASU 2017-04, a company will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. ASU 2017-04 will be applied prospectively and is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB, issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods and services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective transition method. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. Upon adoption, the Company recognized an immaterial cumulative effect of adopting this guidance as an adjustment to its opening accumulated deficit balance. The new standard may, in certain circumstances, impact the timing of when revenue is recognized for products shipped, and the timing and classification of certain sales incentives, which are expected to generally be recognized earlier than historical guidance. The Company believes the new guidance is materially consistent with its historical revenue recognition policy. In addition, ASU 2014-09 requires the presentation of sales returns reserve as a current liability. The Company’s sales return reserve was $82.6 million as of March 31, 2018, presented within “Accrued liabilities” and was $109.9 million as of December 31, 2017, presented within “Accounts receivable, net.”

The impact to revenue, accounts receivable, deferred revenue, and accrued liabilities as a result of applying ASU 2014-09 for the three months ended or as of March 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):



	Under ASC 605			Impact			Under ASC 606


Revenue	$	247,051		$	814		$	247,865
Accounts receivable, net	131,743			82,612			214,355
Deferred revenue	37,514			(1,066		)	36,448
Accrued liabilities	299,521			82,863			382,384
Accumulated deficit	(213,302		)	(814		)	(214,116		)

The impact to other financial statement line items was immaterial. Adoption of the standard had no impact to net cash from or used in operating, investing, or financing activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which updates certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The Company has elected to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). ASU 2016-15 provides guidance intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 provides guidance in a number of situation including, among others, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, distributions received from equity method investees, and classifying cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The purpose of ASU 2017-01 is to change the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. ASU 2017-01 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. ASU 2017-09 was issued to clarify and reduce both (i) diversity in practice and (ii) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. ASU 2017-09 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-12 amends the hedge accounting rules to simplify the application of hedge accounting standard and better portray the economic results of risk management activities in the financial statements. The standard expands the ability to hedge non-financial and financial risk components, reduces complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk, eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, as well as eases certain hedge effectiveness assessment requirements. ASU 2017-12 becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this new standard in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.