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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee or service provider’s related cash compensation (in thousands):
Year ended December 31,
201920182017
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support
$1,554  $700  $738  
Professional services
1,725  619  465  
Operating expenses
Research and development
8,006  5,842  2,224  
Sales and marketing
8,792  5,416  2,983  
General and administrative
15,707  18,264  13,066  
Total
$35,784  $30,841  $19,476  
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of our stock options and ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year ended December 31,
201920182017
Stock Options
Expected term (in years)—  —  
0.2 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate—  —  
1.5% - 2.2%
Expected volatility—  —  
23.7% - 43.8%
ESPP
Expected term (in years)0.50.50.5
Risk-free interest rate
1.9% - 2.6%
1.8% - 2.4%
1.2%  
Expected volatility
35.0% - 49.0%
22.2% - 36.4%
28.5%  
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, ESPP, Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of our stock options and ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year ended December 31,
201920182017
Stock Options
Expected term (in years)—  —  
0.2 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate—  —  
1.5% - 2.2%
Expected volatility—  —  
23.7% - 43.8%
ESPP
Expected term (in years)0.50.50.5
Risk-free interest rate
1.9% - 2.6%
1.8% - 2.4%
1.2%  
Expected volatility
35.0% - 49.0%
22.2% - 36.4%
28.5%  
Schedule of Stock-Option Activity
The following table summarizes the option activity under the Plans for the year ended December 31, 2019:




Options
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 20186,400,175  $13.65  6.1$142,340  
Granted—  —  
Forfeited(50,437) 17.32  
Exercised(1,996,571) 12.10  
Outstanding at December 31, 20194,353,167  $14.32  5.6$120,714  
Exercisable at December 31, 20193,723,394  $13.89  5.3$104,868  
Summary of Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity under the Plan for the year ended December 31, 2019:
Number of SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 20182,359,261  $23.95  
Granted1,157,679  43.26  
Forfeited(75,349) 32.16  
Vested(1)
(402,571) 21.75  
Unvested at December 31, 20193,039,020  $31.39  
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2019, in accordance with our Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, recipients of 256,660 shares had elected to defer settlement of the vested restricted stock units and 274,079 were released from deferral. This resulted in total deferred units of 537,202 as of December 31, 2019.