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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
Note
8
– Stock-Based Compensation
 
Under the Company
’s
2012
Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the
2012
Plan), the Company has the ability to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards and cash incentive awards. Awards under the
2012
Plan have a maximum term of
ten
years from the date of grant. The compensation committee
may
provide that the vesting or payment of any award will be subject to the attainment of specified performance measures in addition to the satisfaction of any continued service requirements and the compensation committee will determine whether such measures have been achieved. The per-share exercise price of stock options and SARs granted under the
2012
Plan generally
may
not
be less than the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
The Company
’s
2012
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) allows eligible employees to purchase a variable number of shares of the Company’s common stock each offering period at a discount through payroll deductions of up to
15
percent of their eligible compensation, subject to plan limitations. The ESPP provides for
six
-month offering periods with a single purchase period ending
May 
15
and
November 
15,
respectively. At the end of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at
85
percent of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the
first
trading day of the offering period or on the last trading day of the offering period.
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
Stock-based compensation
expense was
$2.2
million and
$1.8
million for the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively, and
$4.0
million and
$3.5
million for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively.
 
Stock Options
 
The following table summarizes stock option activity during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017:
 
               
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
 
   
Stock Options
   
Exercise Price
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2016
   
569,639
    $
45.00
 
Granted
   
43,095
     
58.35
 
Exercised
   
(88,114
)    
31.71
 
Forfeited
   
(16,943
)    
58.17
 
Options outstanding at June 30, 2017
   
507,677
    $
48.00
 
                 
Exercisable at June 30, 2017
   
318,140
    $
40.42
 
                 
 
The outstanding options generally have a term of
ten
years. For employees, options granted become exercisable ratably over the vesting period, which is generally a
five
-year period beginning on the
first
anniversary of the grant date, subject to the employee
’s continuing service to the Company. For directors, options generally become exercisable in full on the
first
anniversary of the grant date.
 
The weighted-average grant date fair value of options th
at were granted during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
was
$27.57.
 
The following table provides the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model valua
tion of options during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016:
 

 
 
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
Risk-free interest rate
     
2.24%
       
1.53
-
1.68%
 
Expected life (years)
     
6.50
       
 
6.50
 
 
Expected volatility
     
44.68%
       
44.38
-
45.93%
 
Expected dividend yield
     
0%
       
 
0%
 
 
                         
 
As of
June 30, 2017,
there was
$4.8
million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
3.0
years.
 
Restricted Stock
 
Restricted stock awards
 are share-settled awards and restrictions lapse ratably over the vesting period, which is generally a
five
-year period, beginning on the
first
anniversary of the grant date, subject to the employee's continuing service to the Company. For directors, restrictions generally lapse in full on the
first
anniversary of the grant date. 
 
The following table summarizes restricted
stock activity during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017:
 

 
 
 
Restricted
   
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
 
 
Stock
   
Per Share
 
Restricted stock at December 31, 2016
   
215,105
    $
62.78
 
Granted
   
197,649
     
61.60
 
Restrictions lapsed
   
(55,139
)    
63.61
 
Forfeited
   
(9,570
)    
63.76
 
Restricted stock at June 30, 2017
   
348,045
    $
61.95
 
 

As of
June 30, 2017,
there was
$20.4
million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of
4.0
years.
 
Performance Stock
 
PSUs are expressed in terms of a target number of PSUs, with anywhere between
0
percent
 and
150
percent of that target number capable of being earned and vesting at the end of a
three
-year performance period depending on the Company’s performance in the final year of the performance period and the award recipient’s continued employment. As of
June 30, 2017,
the Company is accruing stock-based compensation expense for the PSUs at
100
percent.
 
The following table summarizes performance stock activity during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017:
 

 
   
 
 
 
 
Weighted-
 
   
 
 
 
 
Average
 
   
 
 
 
 
Grant Date
 
   
Performance
   
Fair Value
 
   
Stock
   
Per Share
 
Performance stock at December 31, 2016
   
-
    $
-
 
Granted
   
25,707
     
58.35
 
Restrictions lapsed
   
-
     
-
 
Forfeited
   
-
     
-
 
Performance stock at June 30, 2017
   
25,707
    $
58.35
 
 

 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the ESPP during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016:
 
       
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
0.59%
-
0.97%
     
0.39
-
0.56%
 
Expected life (months)
   
 
6.00
 
     
 
6.00
 
 
Expected volatility
   
34.51%
-
39.51%
     
29.41
-
49.13%
 
Expected dividend yield
   
 
0%
 
     
 
0%