UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to ______

Commission File Number 001-36369

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland	26-3136483
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
712 Fifth Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, NY	10019
(Address or Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(212) 843-1601

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	BRG	NYSE American
8.250% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share	BRG-PrA	NYSE American
7.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share	BRG-PrC	NYSE American
7.125% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share	BRG-PrD	NYSE American

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class

Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share

Warrants to Purchase Shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	¨	Accelerated Filer	x	Non-Accelerated Filer	¨
Smaller reporting company	x	Emerging growth company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s

classes of common stock, as of May 2, 2019:

Class A Common Stock: 22,458,473 shares

Class C Common Stock: 76,603 shares

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FORM 10-Q

March 31, 2019

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	4
	Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	38
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	40
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	40
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
Item 5.	Other Information	40
Item 6.	Exhibits	41
SIGNATURES		42

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	(Unaudited)
	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Net Real Estate Investments
Land	$	200,114		$	200,385
Buildings and improvements		1,548,167			1,546,244
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		58,422			55,050
Construction in progress		659			989
Total Gross Real Estate Investments		1,807,362			1,802,668
Accumulated depreciation		(124,605	)		(108,911	)
Total Net Real Estate Investments		1,682,757			1,693,757
Cash and cash equivalents		24,337			24,775
Restricted cash		22,659			27,469
Notes and accrued interest receivable from related parties		174,068			164,084
Due from affiliates		3,123			2,854
Accounts receivable, prepaids and other assets		12,332			14,395
Preferred equity investments and investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures		93,728			89,033
In-place lease intangible assets, net		443			1,768
Total Assets	$	2,013,447		$	2,018,135
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY
Mortgages payable	$	1,204,905		$	1,206,136
Revolving credit facilities		78,000			82,209
Accounts payable		1,215			1,486
Other accrued liabilities		25,444			31,690
Due to affiliates		798			726
Distributions payable		12,317			12,073
Total Liabilities		1,322,679			1,334,320
8.250% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 10,875,000 shares authorized; 5,721,460 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		139,698			139,545
6.000% Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $1,000 per share, 1,225,000 shares authorized; 349,423 and 306,009 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		311,555			272,842
7.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 4,000,000 shares authorized; 2,323,750 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		56,545			56,485
Equity
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 229,900,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
7.125% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 4,000,000 shares authorized; 2,850,602 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		68,705			68,705
Common stock - Class A, $0.01 par value, 747,509,582 shares authorized; 22,861,084 and 23,322,211 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		228			233
Common stock - Class C, $0.01 par value, 76,603 shares authorized; 76,603 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		1			1
Additional paid-in-capital		300,407			307,938
Distributions in excess of cumulative earnings		(234,363	)		(218,531	)
Total Stockholders’ Equity		134,978			158,346
Noncontrolling Interests
Operating partnership units		21,143			27,613
Partially owned properties		26,849			28,984
Total Noncontrolling Interests		47,992			56,597
Total Equity		182,970			214,943
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY	$	2,013,447		$	2,018,135

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

3

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019			2018
Revenues
Rental and other property revenues	$	45,690		$	36,675
Interest income from related parties		5,776			5,196
Total revenues		51,466			41,871
Expenses
Property operating		18,602			15,658
Property management fees		1,215			992
General and administrative		5,627			4,669
Acquisition and pursuit costs		58			43
Weather-related losses, net		—			168
Depreciation and amortization		17,230			15,640
Total expenses		42,732			37,170
Operating income		8,734			4,701
Other income (expense)
Preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate joint ventures		2,289			2,461
Gain on sale of non-depreciable real estate investments		679			—
Interest expense, net		(16,067	)		(10,117	)
Total other expense		(13,099	)		(7,656	)
Net loss		(4,365	)		(2,955	)
Preferred stock dividends		(10,384	)		(8,248	)
Preferred stock accretion		(1,887	)		(1,112	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
Operating partnership units		(4,051	)		(2,675	)
Partially owned properties		(492	)		(215	)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(4,543	)		(2,890	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(12,093	)	$	(9,425	)
Net loss per common share - Basic	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.40	)
Net loss per common share – Diluted	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.40	)
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding		23,123,616			24,143,382
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding		23,123,616			24,143,382

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

4

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Class A Common Stock						Class C Common Stock				Series D Preferred Stock
	Number of Shares			Par Value			Number of Shares		Par Value		Number of Shares		Value		Additional Paid- in Capital			Cumulative Distributions			Net loss (income) to Common Stockholders			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019		23,322,211		$	233			76,603	$	1		2,850,602	$	68,705	$	307,938		$	(187,910	)	$	(30,621	)	$	56,597		$	214,943
Issuance of Class A common stock, net		764			-			-		-		-		-		7			-			-			-			7
Issuance of Class A common stock due to Series B warrant exercise		100			-			-		-		-		-		1			-			-			-			1
Repurchase of Class A common stock		(505,797	)		(5	)		-		-		-		-		(5,058	)		-			-			-			(5,063	)
Issuance of Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) Units for director compensation		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			247			247
Issuance of LTIP Units for compensation		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			1,298			1,298
Issuance of LTIP Units for expense reimbursements		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			392			392
Issuance of Series B warrants		-			-			-		-		-		-		835			-			-			-			835
Common stock distribution declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(3,739	)		-			-			(3,739	)
Series A Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(2,950	)		-			-			(2,950	)
Series A Preferred Stock accretion		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(153	)		-			-			(153	)
Series B Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(5,058	)		-			-			(5,058	)
Series B Preferred Stock accretion		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(1,674	)		-			-			(1,674	)
Series C Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(1,107	)		-			-			(1,107	)
Series C Preferred Stock accretion		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(60	)		-			-			(60	)
Series D Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(1,269	)		-			-			(1,269	)
Miscellaneous offering costs		-			-			-		-		-		-		(222	)		-			-			-			(222	)
Distributions to operating partnership noncontrolling interests		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(1,421	)		(1,421	)
Distributions to partially owned noncontrolling interests		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(233	)		(233	)
Redemption of Operating Partnership units		-			-			-		-		-		-		(6	)		-			-			(5	)		(11	)
Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock and conversion into Class A common stock		43,806			-			-		-		-		-		457			-			-			-			457
Cash redemption of Series B Preferred Stock		-			-			-		-		-		-		5			-			-			-			5
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest		-			-			-		-		-		-		(6,480	)		-			-			(1,410	)		(7,890	)
Adjustment for noncontrolling interest ownership in Operating Partnership		-			-			-		-		-		-		2,930			-						(2,930	)		-
Net income (loss)		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			178			(4,543	)		(4,365	)
Balance, March 31, 2019		22,861,084		$	228			76,603	$	1		2,850,602	$	68,705	$	300,407		$	(203,920	)	$	(30,443	)	$	47,992		$	182,970

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

5

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Class A Common Stock						Class C Common Stock				Series D Preferred Stock
	Number of Shares			Par Value			Number of Shares		Par Value		Number of Shares		Value		Additional Paid- in Capital			Cumulative Distributions			Net loss to Common Stockholders			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Balance, January 1, 2018		24,218,359		$	242			76,603	$	1		2,850,602	$	68,705	$	318,170		$	(134,817	)	$	(29,469	)	$	63,346		$	286,178
Issuance of Class A common stock, net		665			-			-		-		-		-		6			-			-			-			6
Repurchase of Class A common stock		(530,693	)		(5	)		-		-						(4,199	)											(4,204	)
Issuance of LTIP Units for director compensation		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			190			190
Issuance of LTIP Units for compensation		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			1,240			1,240
Issuance of LTIP Units		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			993			993
Issuance of Series B warrants		-			-			-		-		-		-		228			-			-			-			228
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, net		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			2,951			2,951
Common stock distribution declared adjustment		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			79			-			-			79
Series A Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(2,950	)		-			-			(2,950	)
Series A Preferred Stock accretion		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(138	)		-			-			(138	)
Series B Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(2,921	)		-			-			(2,921	)
Series B Preferred Stock accretion		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(920	)		-			-			(920	)
Series C Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(1,107	)		-			-			(1,107	)
Series C Preferred Stock accretion		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(54	)		-			-			(54	)
Series D Preferred Stock distributions declared		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(1,270	)		-			-			(1,270	)
Distributions to operating partnership noncontrolling interests		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(175	)		(175	)
Distributions to partially owned noncontrolling interests		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(490	)		(490	)
Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock and conversion into Class A common stock		44,965			-			-		-		-		-		482			-			-			-			482
Cash redemption of Series B Preferred Stock		-			-			-		-		-		-		2			-			-			-			2
Adjustment for noncontrolling interest ownership in Operating Partnership		-			-			-		-		-		-		1,144			-						(1,144	)		-
Net (loss)		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			(65	)		(2,890	)		(2,955	)
Balance, March 31, 2018		23,733,296		$	237			76,603	$	1		2,850,602	$	68,705	$	315,833		$	(144,098	)	$	(29,534	)	$	64,021		$	275,165

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(4,365	)	$	(2,955	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		18,141			16,230
Amortization of fair value adjustments		(108	)		(108	)
Preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate joint ventures		(2,289	)		(2,461	)
Gain on sale of non-depreciable real estate investments		(679	)		—
Fair value adjustment of interest rate caps		1,688			—
Distributions of income and preferred returns from preferred equity investments and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures		2,019			2,224
Share-based compensation attributable to equity incentive plan		1,545			1,430
Share-based compensation to former Manager - LTIP Units		—			993
Share-based expense reimbursements to BRE – LTIP Units		392			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Due from affiliates, net		(7	)		(1,891	)
Accounts receivable, prepaids and other assets		(91	)		(3,975	)
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		(5,380	)		(3,385	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		10,866			6,102
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate investments		—			(61,659	)
Capital expenditures		(6,188	)		(4,160	)
Investment in notes receivable from related parties		(9,906	)		(20,994	)
Proceeds from sale of real estate investments		952			—
Purchase of interests from noncontrolling interests		(7,890	)		—
Investment in unconsolidated real estate joint venture interests		(4,694	)		(164	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(27,726	)		(86,977	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Distributions to common stockholders		(3,832	)		(2,348	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(1,533	)		(1,146	)
Distributions to preferred stockholders		(10,168	)		(8,143	)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests		—			2,951
Borrowings on mortgages payable		—			40,000
Repayments on mortgages payable		(1,637	)		(912	)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities		20,500			47,995
Repayments on revolving credit facilities		(24,707	)		(16,500	)
Payments of deferred financing fees		(58	)		(1,012	)
Miscellaneous offering costs		(222	)		—
Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock		8			6
Repurchase of Class A common stock		(5,063	)		(4,204	)
Net proceeds from issuance of 6.0% Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock		37,580			16,288
Net proceeds from issuance of Warrants associated with the Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock		835			228
Payments to redeem 6.0% Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock		(79	)		(33	)
Payments to redeem Operating Partnership Units		(12	)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		11,612			73,170
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(5,248	)	$	(7,705	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year		52,244			64,590
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	46,996		$	56,885
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest (net of interest capitalized)	$	13,606		$	9,655
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Distributions payable – declared and unpaid	$	12,317		$	11,483
Capital expenditures held in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	$	(1,132	)	$	—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

7

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Business

Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated as a Maryland corporation on July 25, 2008. The Company’s objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value by acquiring and developing well-located institutional-quality apartment properties in knowledge economy growth markets across the United States. The Company seeks to maximize returns through investments where it believes it can drive substantial growth in its core funds from operations and net asset value primarily through its Value-Add and Invest-to-Own investment strategies.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company held investments in forty-eight real estate properties, consisting of thirty-three consolidated operating properties and fifteen properties through preferred equity or mezzanine loan investments. Of the property interests held through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, five are under development, five are in lease-up and five properties are stabilized. The forty-eight properties contain an aggregate of 14,717 units, comprised of 11,286 consolidated operating units and 3,431 units through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s consolidated operating properties were approximately 94% occupied.

The Company has elected to be treated, and currently qualifies, as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to corporate-level income taxes. To maintain its REIT status, the Company is required, among other requirements, to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to the Company’s stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The Company operates as an umbrella partnership REIT in which Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P. (its “Operating Partnership”), or the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns substantially all the property interests acquired and investments made on the Company’s behalf. As of March 31, 2019, limited partners other than the Company owned approximately 27.58% of the common units of the Operating Partnership (20.16% is held by holders of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”) and 7.42% is held by holders of the Operating Partnership’s long-term incentive plan units (“LTIP Units”), including 4.48% which are not vested at March 31, 2019).

Because the Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and has unilateral control over its management and major operating decisions (even if additional limited partners are admitted to the Operating Partnership), the accounts of the Operating Partnership are consolidated in its consolidated financial statements.

The Company also consolidates entities in which it controls more than 50% of the voting equity and in which control does not rest with other investors. Investments in real estate joint ventures in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have financial or operating control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. These entities are reflected on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as “Preferred equity investments and investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures.” All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  The Company will consider future investments for consolidation in accordance with the provisions required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810: Consolidation.

In accordance with adoption of the lease accounting update issued in July 2018, the Company reflects all income earned pursuant to tenant leases in a single line item, “Rental and other property revenues”, in the 2019 consolidated statements of operations. See New Accounting Pronouncements below. To facilitate comparability, the Company has reclassified lease and non-lease income for prior periods to conform to the current period presentation.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

The Company first analyzes an investment to determine if it is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with Topic ASC 810 and, if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation.  A VIE is an entity that has (i) insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) equity holders that lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary, which is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that potentially could be significant to the entity.  Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other financial interests in a VIE that change in value with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets. The Company continuously re-assesses at each level of the investment whether the entity is (i) a VIE, and (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  If it was determined that an entity in which the Company holds an interest qualified as a VIE and the Company was the primary beneficiary, the entity would be consolidated. 

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If, after consideration of the VIE accounting literature, the Company has determined that an entity is not a VIE, the Company assesses the need for consolidation under all other provisions of ASC 810.  These provisions provide for consolidation of majority-owned entities through a majority voting interest held by the Company providing control.

In assessing whether the Company is in control of and requiring consolidation of the limited liability company and partnership venture structures, the Company evaluates the respective rights and privileges afforded each member or partner (collectively referred to as “member”).  The Company’s member would not be deemed to control the entity if any of the other members have either (i) substantive kickout rights providing the ability to dissolve (liquidate) the entity or otherwise remove the managing member or general partner without cause or (ii) has substantive participating rights in the entity.  Substantive participating rights (whether granted by contract or law) provide for the ability to effectively participate in significant decisions of the entity that would be expected to be made in the ordinary course of business.    

If it has been determined that the Company does not have control, but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entity, the Company accounts for these unconsolidated investments under the equity method of accounting. The equity method of accounting requires these investments to be initially recorded at cost and subsequently increased (decreased) for the Company’s share of net income (loss), including eliminations for the Company’s share of intercompany transactions, and increased (decreased) for contributions (distributions). The Company’s proportionate share of the results of operations of these investments is reflected in the Company’s earnings or losses.

Fair Value Measurements

For financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would expect to receive to sell an asset, or pay to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date under current market conditions. In the absence of such data, fair value is estimated using internal information consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction.

In determining fair value, observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions; preference is given to observable inputs. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Unites States of America (“GAAP”) and as defined in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”, these two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

·	Level 1:	Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
·	Level 2:	Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable
·	Level 3:	Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable

If the inputs used to measure the fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the fair value is determined based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Whenever possible, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine fair value. In the absence of quoted market prices, the Company uses independent sources and data to determine fair value.

Financial Instrument Fair Value Disclosures

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, due to and due from affiliates, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and distributions payable approximate their fair value based on their highly-liquid nature and/or short-term maturities. The carrying values of notes receivable from related parties approximate fair value because stated interest rate terms are consistent with interest rate terms on new deals with similar leverage and risk profiles. The fair values of notes receivable are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the significant unobservable inputs that are utilized in their respective valuations.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of derivative financial instruments are valued using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and volatility. The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the market-standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts which would occur if floating interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The floating interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. The inputs used in the valuation of interest rate caps fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting, and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-1 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, the financial statements for interim reporting do not include all the information and notes or disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Operating results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of the operating results for a full year.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  It is suggested that these condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Other than the adoption of new accounting pronouncements as described below, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since it filed its audited consolidated financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

New Accounting Pronouncements  

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 will require more timely recognition of credit losses associated with financial assets. While current GAAP includes multiple credit impairment objectives for instruments, the previous objectives generally delayed recognition of the full amount of credit losses until the loss was probable of occurring. The amendments in ASU 2016-13, whose scope is asset-based and not restricted to financial institutions, eliminate the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, reflect an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 broaden the information that the Company must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The use of forecasted information incorporates more timely information in the estimate of expected credit loss that will be more useful to users of the financial statements. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19 “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses” (“ASU 2018-19”). ASU 2018-19 clarifies that operating lease receivables are excluded from the scope of ASU 2016-13 and instead, impairment of operating lease receivables is to be accounted for under ASC 842. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and the impact this standard may have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, an entity will be required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. For public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019 and elected the package of practical expedients provided by the standard which includes: (i) an entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contract is a lease or contains a lease, (ii) an entity need not reassess the lease classification of any expired or existing leases, and (iii) and entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”). ASU 2018-11 provides lessors with a practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components if both: (i) the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for the non-lease component and the related lease component are the same, and (ii) the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease. The Company adopted the practical expedient as of January 1, 2019 to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component in lease contracts where the Company is the lessor.

Lessor Accounting

The Company’s current portfolio is focused predominately on apartment properties whereby the Company generates rental revenue by leasing apartments to residents in its communities. As lease revenues for apartments fall under the scope of Topic 842, such lease revenues are classified as operating leases with straight-line recognition over the terms of the relevant lease agreement and inclusion within rental revenue. Resident leases are generally for one-year or month-to-month terms and are renewable by mutual agreement between the Company and the resident. Non-lease components of the Company’s apartment leases are combined with the related lease component and accounted for as a single lease component under Topic 842. The balances of net real estate investments and related depreciation on the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to assets for which the Company is the lessor.

Lessee Accounting

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company is currently engaged in operating lease agreements that primarily relate to certain equipment leases. The Company determined that the lessee operating lease commitments have no material impact on its consolidated financial statements with the adoption of Topic 842. The Company will continue to assess any modification of existing lease agreements and execution of any new lease agreements for the potential requirement of recording a right-of-use-asset or liability in the future.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15 "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)" (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). ASU 2018-15 is effective for annual periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2019, though early adoption, including adoption in interim periods, is permissible. The Company has elected early adoption and there has been no material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon its adoption of ASU 2018-15.

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Note 3 – Sale of Real Estate Asset

Sale of Wesley Village II

On March 1, 2019, the Company closed on the sale of an undeveloped parcel of land known as Wesley Village II located in Charlotte, North Carolina. The parcel was sold for approximately $1.0 million, subject to certain prorations and adjustments typical in such real estate transactions. After deduction for closing costs and fees, the sale of the parcel generated net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million, resulting in a gain on sale of approximately $0.7 million.

Note 4 – Investments in Real Estate

As of March 31, 2019, the Company held investments in thirty-three consolidated operating properties and fifteen development properties through preferred equity or mezzanine loan investments. The following tables provide summary information regarding the Company’s consolidated operating properties and preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, which are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Consolidated Operating Properties

Multifamily Community Name	Location	Number of Units		Date Built / Renovated (1)		Ownership Interest
ARIUM at Palmer Ranch	Sarasota, FL		320		2016		100.0	%
ARIUM Glenridge	Atlanta, GA		480		1990		90.0	%
ARIUM Grandewood	Orlando, FL		306		2005		100.0	%
ARIUM Gulfshore	Naples, FL		368		2016		100.0	%
ARIUM Hunter’s Creek	Orlando, FL		532		1999		100.0	%
ARIUM Metrowest	Orlando, FL		510		2001		100.0	%
ARIUM Palms	Orlando, FL		252		2008		100.0	%
ARIUM Pine Lakes	Port St. Lucie, FL		320		2003		100.0	%
ARIUM Westside	Atlanta, GA		336		2008		90.0	%
Ashford Belmar	Lakewood, CO		512		1988/1993		85.0	%
Ashton Reserve	Charlotte, NC		473		2015		100.0	%
Citrus Tower	Orlando, FL		336		2006		96.8	%
Enders Place at Baldwin Park	Orlando, FL		220		2003		92.0	%
James at South First	Austin, TX		250		2016		90.0	%
Marquis at Crown Ridge	San Antonio, TX		352		2009		90.0	%
Marquis at Stone Oak	San Antonio, TX		335		2007		90.0	%
Marquis at The Cascades	Tyler, TX		582		2009		90.0	%
Marquis at TPC	San Antonio, TX		139		2008		90.0	%
Outlook at Greystone	Birmingham, AL		300		2007		100.0	%
Park & Kingston	Charlotte, NC		168		2015		100.0	%
Plantation Park	Lake Jackson, TX		238		2016		80.0	%
Preston View	Morrisville, NC		382		2000		100.0	%
Roswell City Walk	Roswell, GA		320		2015		98.0	%
Sands Parc	Daytona Beach, FL		264		2017		100.0	%
Sorrel	Frisco, TX		352		2015		95.0	%
Sovereign	Fort Worth, TX		322		2015		95.0	%
The Brodie	Austin, TX		324		2001		92.5	%
The Links at Plum Creek	Castle Rock, CO		264		2000		88.0	%
The Mills	Greenville, SC		304		2013		100.0	%
The Preserve at Henderson Beach	Destin, FL		340		2009		100.0	%
Veranda at Centerfield	Houston, TX		400		1999		93.0	%
Villages of Cypress Creek	Houston, TX		384		2001		80.0	%
Wesley Village	Charlotte, NC		301		2010		100.0	%
Total			11,286

⁽¹⁾ Represents date of last significant renovation or year built if there were no renovations.  

Depreciation expense was $15.8 million and $12.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Intangibles related to the Company’s consolidated investments in real estate consist of the value of in-place leases. In-place leases are amortized over the remaining term of the in-place leases, which is approximately six months. Amortization expense related to the in-place leases was $1.5 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments

Multifamily Community Name	Location	Actual / Planned Number of Units		Actual / Estimated Initial Occupancy	Actual / Estimated Construction Completion
Whetstone Apartments	Durham, NC		204	3Q 2014	3Q 2015
Alexan CityCentre	Houston, TX		340	2Q 2017	4Q 2017
Helios	Atlanta, GA		282	2Q 2017	4Q 2017
Alexan Southside Place	Houston, TX		270	4Q 2017	1Q 2018
Leigh House	Raleigh, NC		245	3Q 2017	3Q 2018
Vickers Historic Roswell	Roswell, GA		79	2Q 2018	3Q 2018
Domain at The One Forty	Garland, TX		299	2Q 2018	4Q 2018
Arlo	Charlotte, NC		286	2Q 2018	1Q 2019
Novel Perimeter	Atlanta, GA		320	3Q 2018	1Q 2019
Cade Boca Raton	Boca Raton, FL		90	4Q 2018	2Q 2019
Flagler Village	Fort Lauderdale, FL		385	2Q 2020	3Q 2020
North Creek Apartments	Leander, TX		259	1Q 2020	3Q 2020
Riverside Apartments	Austin, TX		222	3Q 2020	4Q 2020
Wayforth at Concord	Concord, NC		150	2Q 2020	3Q 2021
The Park at Chapel Hill	Chapel Hill, NC		*	*	*
Total			3,431

* The development is in the planning phase; project specifications are in process.

Note 5 – Acquisition of Real Estate

The following describes the Company’s significant acquisition activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019:

Acquisition of Additional Interests in Properties

The Company acquired the noncontrolling partner’s interest in the following property (dollars in thousands):

Property	Date		Amount		Previous Interest			New Interest
ARIUM Pine Lakes		January 29, 2019	$	7,769		85.0	%		100.0	%

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Note 6 – Notes and Interest Receivable due from Related Parties

Following is a summary of the notes and accrued interest receivable due from related parties as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):

Property	March 31, 2019		December 31,  2018
Arlo	$	24,893	$	24,893
Cade Boca Raton		12,338		11,854
Domain at The One Forty		21,174		20,536
Flagler Village		75,436		75,436
Novel Perimeter		20,867		20,867
The Park at Chapel Hill		8,572		—
Vickers Historic Roswell		10,788		10,498
Total	$	174,068	$	164,084

Following is a summary of the interest income from related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Property	2019		2018
Arlo	$	909	$	910
Cade Boca Raton		437		415
Domain at The One Forty		752		750
Flagler Village		2,373		1,996
Novel Perimeter		762		762
The Park at Chapel Hill		156		—
Vickers Historic Roswell		387		363
Total	$	5,776	$	5,196

The occupancy percentages of the Company’s related parties at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

Property	March 31, 2019			December 31,  2018
Arlo		54	%		37	%
Cade Boca Raton		31	%		8	%
Domain at The One Forty		48	%		34	%
Flagler Village		(1	)		(1	)
Novel Perimeter		40	%		22	%
The Park at Chapel Hill		(2	)		—
Vickers Historic Roswell		46	%		41	%

(1)	The development has not commenced lease-up.
(2)	The development is in the planning phase; project specifications are in process.

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Cade Boca Raton Mezzanine Financing

On March 11, 2019, the Company, through BRG Boca, LLC, increased its mezzanine loan commitment to BR Boca JV Member, LLC (“BR Boca JV Member”) to $14.0 million, of which $12.2 million has been funded as of March 31, 2019. The increase in the mezzanine loan will provide funding for additional capital calls, including amounts to be contributed on behalf of Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund II, LLC (“Fund II”). In exchange for increasing the mezzanine loan, the Company received an additional 2.5 basis point discount purchase option and has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 30.0 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Boca JV Member.

Domain at The One Forty Mezzanine Financing

On March 11, 2019, the Company, through BRG Domain Phase 1, LLC, (i) increased its mezzanine loan commitment to BR Member Domain Phase 1, LLC (“BR Domain 1 JV Member”) to $24.5 million, of which $20.9 million has been funded as of March 31, 2019, and (ii) entered into an amended operating agreement for BR Domain 1 JV Member with Fund II, which admits BRG Domain Phase 1 Profit Share, LLC (“BRG Domain 1 PS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as an additional member of BR Domain 1 JV Member. As part of the amended agreement, the Company agreed to (i) terminate its option to purchase up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Domain 1 JV Member, and (ii) reduce the current fixed rate of 15.0% per annum of the mezzanine loan as follows: (a) 5.5% per annum effective January 1, 2020 through the end of the calendar year 2020, (b) 4.0% per annum for the calendar year 2021, and (c) 3.0% per annum for the calendar year 2022 and thereafter. In exchange, Fund II agreed to grant BRG Domain 1 PS a 50% participation in any profits achieved in a sale after repayment of the mezzanine loan and the Company and Fund II each receive full return of their respective capital contributions.

The Park at Chapel Hill Financing

On January 23, 2019, the Company, through BRG Chapel Hill Lender, LLC (“BRG Chapel Hill Lender”), an indirect subsidiary, provided a $7.8 million senior loan (the “BRG Chapel Hill Loan”) to BR Chapel Hill, LLC (“BR Chapel Hill”). BR Chapel Hill JV, LLC (“BR Chapel Hill JV”) owns a 100.0% interest in BR Chapel Hill and is a joint venture with common interests held by Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund, LLC (“Fund I”), Fund II, and BR Chapel Hill Investment, LLC, all managed by affiliates of the former Manager. The BRG Chapel Hill Loan is secured by BR Chapel Hill’s fee simple interest in the Chapel Hill property. The BRG Chapel Hill Loan matures on January 23, 2021 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 10.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Chapel Hill Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

In conjunction with the BRG Chapel Hill Loan, on January 23, 2019, the Company, through BRG Chapel Hill Lender, provided a $0.8 million mezzanine loan to BR Chapel Hill JV, which is secured by the Chapel Hill property. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 10.0% per annum and matures on the earliest to occur of: (i) the latest to occur of (a) January 23, 2021, or (b) the applicable maturity date under any extension granted under any construction financing, (ii) the date of sale or transfer of property, and (iii) such earlier date, by declaration of acceleration or otherwise, on which the final payment of principal becomes due. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

Vickers Historic Roswell Mezzanine Financing

On February 26, 2019, the Company, through BRG Vickers Roswell, LLC, increased its mezzanine loan commitment to BR Vickers Roswell JV Member, LLC (“BR Vickers JV Member”) to $11.8 million, of which $10.7 million has been funded as of March 31, 2019. The increase in the mezzanine loan will provide funding for additional capital calls, including amounts to be contributed on behalf of Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund III, LLC (“Fund III”). In exchange for increasing the mezzanine loan, the Company received an additional 5.0 basis point discount purchase option and has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 17.5 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund III, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Vickers JV Member.

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Note 7 – Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

The carrying amount of the Company’s preferred equity investments and investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is summarized in the table below (amounts in thousands):

Property	March 31, 2019		December 31,  2018
Alexan CityCentre	$	11,480	$	11,205
Alexan Southside Place		24,041		22,801
Arlo		14		14
Cade Boca Raton		7		7
Domain at The One Forty		12		12
Flagler Village		44		44
Helios		19,189		19,189
Leigh House		14,174		13,319
North Creek Apartments		8,217		5,892
Novel Perimeter		12		12
Riverside Apartments		3,600		3,600
Vickers Historic Roswell		6		6
Wayforth at Concord		—		—
Whetstone Apartments		12,932		12,932
Total	$	93,728	$	89,033

As of March 31, 2019, the Company, through wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, had outstanding equity investments in fourteen joint ventures, each of which was created to develop a multifamily property.

Eight of the fourteen equity investments, Alexan CityCentre, Alexan Southside Place, Helios, Leigh House, North Creek Apartments, Riverside Apartments, Wayforth at Concord and Whetstone Apartments, are preferred investments, generate a stated preferred return on outstanding capital contributions, and the Company is not allocated any of the income or loss in the joint ventures. The joint venture is the controlling member in an entity whose purpose is to develop a multifamily property.

The preferred returns on the Company’s unconsolidated real estate joint ventures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Property	2019		2018
Alexan CityCentre	$	485	$	383
Alexan Southside Place		383		802
Helios		331		605
Leigh House		524		441
North Creek Apartments		222		—
Riverside Apartments		113		—
Wayforth at Concord		—		—
Whetstone Apartments		231		230
Preferred returns on unconsolidated joint ventures	$	2,289	$	2,461

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The occupancy percentages of the Company’s unconsolidated real estate joint ventures at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:

Property	March 31, 2019			December 31,  2018
Alexan CityCentre		91	%		93	%
Alexan Southside Place		91	%		85	%
Helios		95	%		90	%
Leigh House		92	%		90	%
North Creek Apartments		(1)			(1)
Riverside Apartments		(1)			(1)
Wayforth at Concord		(1)			(1)
Whetstone Apartments		98	%		97	%

⁽¹⁾ The development has not commenced lease-up.

Summary combined financial information for the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, is as follows (amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31,  2018
Balance Sheets:
Real estate, net of depreciation	$	599,470	$	577,624
Other assets		57,469		45,324
Total assets	$	656,939	$	622,948
Mortgages payable	$	500,160	$	480,903
Other liabilities		40,536		21,250
Total liabilities	$	540,696	$	502,153
Members’ equity		116,243		120,795
Total liabilities and members’ equity	$	656,939	$	622,948

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Operating Statement:
Rental revenues	$	7,800		$	3,374
Operating expenses		(5,134	)		(2,786	)
Income before debt service and depreciation and amortization		2,666			588
Interest expense, net		(7,233	)		(1,552	)
Depreciation and amortization		(3,987	)		(1,936	)
Net loss	$	(8,554	)	$	(2,900	)

Alexan Southside Place Interests

Alexan Southside Place is developed upon a tract of land ground leased from Prokop Industries BH, L.P., a Texas limited partnership, by BR Bellaire BLVD, LLC (“BR Bellaire BLVD”), as tenant under an 85-year ground lease. BR Bellaire BLVD adopted ASU No. 2016-02 as of January 1, 2019, and as such, has recorded a right-of-use asset and lease liability of $17.1 million as of March 31, 2019.

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Leigh House Interests

The Company had the right, in its sole discretion, to convert its preferred membership interest into a common membership interest for a period of six months from the date upon which 70% of the units in Leigh House had been leased and occupied. The six-month period during which the Company had the right to convert commenced on August 9, 2018, the date on which Leigh House achieved 70% leased and occupied units. The Company did not elect to convert into a common membership and its option to convert expired on February 9, 2019.

Whetstone Interests

Effective April 1, 2017, Whetstone Apartments ceased paying its preferred return on a current basis. The preferred return is being accrued, except for a $0.1 million payment received in March 2019. The accrued preferred return of $2.3 million and $2.2 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, is included in due from affiliates in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has evaluated the preferred equity investment and accrued preferred return and determined that the investment is fully recoverable.

Note 8 — Revolving credit facilities

The outstanding balances on the revolving credit facilities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, are as follows (amounts in thousands):

Revolving credit facilities	March 31, 2019		December 31,  2018
Senior Credit Facility	$	67,000	$	67,709
Amended Junior Credit Facility		11,000		14,500
Total	$	78,000	$	82,209

Senior Credit Facility

On October 4, 2017, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, entered into a credit agreement (the “Senior Credit Facility”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) and a syndicate of other lenders. The Senior Credit Facility provides for a loan commitment amount of $75 million, which commitment contains an accordion feature to a maximum commitment of up to $175 million.

The Senior Credit Facility matures on October 4, 2020 and contains a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions and the payment of an extension fee. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 1.80% to 2.45%, or the base rate plus 0.80% to 1.45%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate was 4.83% at March 31, 2019. The Company pays an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.20% to 0.25% of the unused portion of the Senior Credit Facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The Senior Credit Facility contains certain financial and operating covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum debt service coverage ratio, and minimum tangible net worth. At March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Credit Facility. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Senior Credit Facility and provided certain properties as collateral.

Amended Junior Credit Facility

On March 20, 2018, the Company, through a subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, entered into a credit agreement (the “Junior Credit Facility”) with KeyBank and other lenders. The Junior Credit Facility provided for a maximum loan commitment amount of $50 million.

The Junior Credit Facility had a maturity date of March 20, 2019. Borrowings under the Junior Credit Facility bore interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 4.0%, or the base rate plus 3.0%. The Company paid an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.35% to 0.40% of the unused portion of the Junior Credit Facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding.

On December 21, 2018, the Company, through a subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, entered into an amended and restated, in its entirety, Junior Credit Facility (the “Amended Junior Credit Facility”). The Amended Junior Credit Facility provides for a revolving loan facility and a term loan facility with maximum commitment amounts of $50 million and $25 million, respectively. The revolving loan facility matures on December 21, 2019, with borrowings thereunder bearing interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 3.5%, or the base rate plus 2.5%. The weighted average interest rate of the revolving loan facility was 5.99% at March 31, 2019. The Company pays an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.35% to 0.40% of the unused portion of the revolving loan facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The term loan facility matures on September 30, 2019, whether the Company draws all or a portion of the maximum commitment amount of $25 million. The Amended Junior Credit Facility contains certain financial and operating covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum debt service coverage ratio, minimum tangible net worth and minimum equity raise and collateral values. As it matures in 2019, the Company is engaged in discussions to amend and extend the Amended Junior Credit Facility.

At March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Amended Junior Credit Facility. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Amended Junior Credit Facility and has pledged certain assets as collateral.

The availability of borrowings under the revolving credit and term loan facilities at March 31, 2019 is based on the collateral and compliance with various ratios related to those assets and was approximately $54.4 million.

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Note 9 – Mortgages Payable

The following table summarizes certain information as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, with respect to the Company’s senior mortgage indebtedness (amounts in thousands):

	Outstanding Principal						As of March 31, 2019
Property	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			Interest Rate			Interest-only through date	Maturity Date
Fixed Rate:
ARIUM at Palmer Ranch	$	41,348		$	41,348			4.41	%	May 2020	May 1, 2025
ARIUM Grandewood (1)		19,713			19,713			4.35	%	July 2020	July 1, 2025
ARIUM Hunter’s Creek		72,294			72,294			3.65	%	November 2019	November 1, 2024
ARIUM Metrowest		64,559			64,559			4.43	%	May 2021	May 1, 2025
ARIUM Pine Lakes		26,950			26,950			3.95	%	Interest-only	November 1, 2023
ARIUM Westside		52,150			52,150			3.68	%	August 2021	August 1, 2023
Ashford Belmar		100,675			100,675			4.53	%	December 2022	December 1, 2025
Ashton Reserve I		30,743			30,878			4.67	%	(2)	December 1, 2025
Citrus Tower		41,438			41,438			4.07	%	October 2019	October 1, 2024
Enders Place at Baldwin Park (3)		23,699			23,822			4.30	%	(2)	November 1, 2022
James on South First		26,425			26,500			4.35	%	(2)	January 1, 2024
Outlook at Greystone		22,105			22,105			4.30	%	June 2021	June 1, 2025
Park & Kingston (4)		18,432			18,432			3.41	%	Interest-only	April 1, 2020
Plantation Park		26,625			26,625			4.64	%	July 2024	July 1, 2028
Roswell City Walk		51,000			51,000			3.63	%	December 2019	December 1, 2026
Sovereign		28,084			28,227			3.46	%	(2)	November 10, 2022
The Brodie		34,666			34,825			3.71	%	(2)	December 1, 2023
The Links at Plum Creek		40,000			40,000			4.31	%	April 2020	October 1, 2025
The Mills		26,174			26,298			4.21	%	(2)	January 1, 2025
The Preserve at Henderson Beach		35,422			35,602			4.65	%	(2)	January 5, 2023
Villages of Cypress Creek		26,200			26,200			3.23	%	October 2020	October 1, 2022 (5)
Wesley Village		40,545			40,545			4.25	%	April 2019	April 1, 2024
Total Fixed Rate		849,247			850,186
Floating Rate (6):
ARIUM Glenridge		49,500			49,500			3.82	%	September 2021	September 1, 2025
ARIUM Grandewood (1)		19,672			19,672			3.89	%	July 2020	July 1, 2025
ARIUM Palms		30,320			30,320			3.89	%	September 2020	September 1, 2025
Ashton Reserve II		15,213			15,213			3.99	%	August 2022	August 1, 2025
Marquis at Crown Ridge		28,488			28,634			4.10	%	(2)	June 1, 2024 (7)
Marquis at Stone Oak		42,526			42,725			4.10	%	(2)	June 1, 2024 (7)
Marquis at The Cascades I		32,745			32,899			4.10	%	(2)	June 1, 2024 (7)
Marquis at The Cascades II		22,853			22,960			4.10	%	(2)	June 1, 2024 (7)
Marquis at TPC		16,736			16,826			4.10	%	(2)	June 1, 2024 (7)
Preston View		41,657			41,657			3.99	%	August 2022	August 1, 2025
Sorrel		38,684			38,684			4.78	%	November 2019	May 1, 2023
Veranda at Centerfield		26,100			26,100			3.74	%	July 2021	July 26, 2023 (5)
Total Floating Rate		364,494			365,190
Total		1,213,741			1,215,376
Fair value adjustments		2,095			2,204
Deferred financing costs, net		(10,931	)		(11,444	)
Total	$	1,204,905		$	1,206,136

⁽¹⁾ ARIUM Grandewood has a fixed rate loan and a floating rate loan.

⁽²⁾ The loan requires monthly payments of principal and interest.

⁽³⁾ The principal balance includes a $16.1 million loan at a fixed rate of 3.97% and a $7.6 million supplemental loan at a fixed rate of 5.01%.

⁽⁴⁾ The principal balance includes a $15.3 million loan at a fixed rate of 3.21% and a $3.2 million supplemental loan at a fixed rate of 4.34%.

⁽⁵⁾ The loan has two one-year extension options subject to certain conditions.

⁽⁶⁾ All the Company’s floating rate mortgages bear interest at one-month LIBOR + margin. In March 2019, one-month LIBOR in effect was 2.49%. LIBOR rate is subject to a rate cap. Please refer to Note 11 for further information.

⁽⁷⁾ The loan can be extended, subject to certain conditions, in connection with an election to convert to a fixed interest rate loan.

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Deferred financing costs

Costs incurred in obtaining long-term financing are amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense over the terms of the related financing agreements, as applicable, which approximates the effective interest method.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Modification Costs

Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material change (i.e. a 10% or greater difference in the cash flows between instruments) in the terms of an underlying debt agreement, the Company writes-off any unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments related to the original debt that was extinguished. Prepayment penalties incurred on the early repayment of debt and costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized are also included in loss on extinguishment of debt and debt modification costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

Master Credit Facility with Fannie Mae

On April 30, 2018, the Company, through certain subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, entered into a Master Credit Facility Agreement (the “Fannie Facility”), which was issued through Fannie Mae’s Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program. The Fannie Facility includes certain restrictive covenants, including indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers and asset sales, and distributions. The Fannie Facility also contains events of default, including payment defaults, covenant defaults, bankruptcy events, and change of control events. Each note under the Fannie Facility is cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized and the Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Fannie Facility. As of March 31, 2019, the mortgage loans secured by ARIUM Grandewood, ARIUM Metrowest, Ashton Reserve II, Outlook at Greystone and Preston View were issued under the Fannie Facility.

The Company may request future fixed rate advances or floating rate advances under the Fannie Facility either by borrowing against the value of the mortgaged properties (based on the valuation methodology established in the Fannie Facility) or adding eligible properties to the collateral pool, subject to customary conditions, including satisfaction of minimum debt service coverage and maximum loan-to-value tests. The proceeds of any future advances made under the Fannie Facility may be used, among other things, for the acquisition and refinancing of additional properties to be identified in the future.

Debt maturities

As of March 31, 2019, contractual principal payments for the five subsequent years and thereafter are as follows (amounts in thousands):

Year	Total
2019 (April 1–December 31)	$	5,727
2020		30,729
2021		15,860
2022		91,409
2023		221,219
Thereafter		848,797
	$	1,213,741
Add: Unamortized fair value debt adjustment		2,095
Subtract: Deferred financing costs, net		(10,931	)
Total	$	1,204,905

The net book value of real estate assets providing collateral for these above borrowings, including the Senior Credit Facility, Amended Junior Credit Facility and Fannie Facility, was $1,682.6 million as of March 31, 2019.

The mortgage loans encumbering the Company’s properties are generally nonrecourse, subject to certain exceptions for which the Company would be liable for any resulting losses incurred by the lender.  These exceptions vary from loan to loan but generally include fraud or a material misrepresentation, misstatement or omission by the borrower, intentional or grossly negligent conduct by the borrower that harms the property or results in a loss to the lender, filing of a bankruptcy petition by the borrower, either directly or indirectly, and certain environmental liabilities.  In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, such as fraud or filing of a bankruptcy petition by the borrower, the Company or our joint ventures would be liable for the entire outstanding balance of the loan, all interest accrued thereon and certain other costs, including penalties and expenses. The mortgage loans generally have a period where a prepayment fee or yield maintenance would be required.

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Note 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, based on the discounted amount of future cash flows using rates currently available to the Company for similar liabilities, the fair value of the Company’s mortgages payable is estimated at $1,219.1 million and $1,205.0 million, respectively, compared to the carrying amounts, before adjustments for deferred financing costs, net, of $1,215.8 million and $1,217.6 million, respectively.  The fair value of mortgages payable is estimated based on the Company’s current interest rates (Level 3 inputs, as defined in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”) for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Note 11 – Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivative financial instruments are to add stability to interest expense and to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium.

The Company has not designated any of the interest rate derivatives as hedges. Although these derivative financial instruments were not designated or did not qualify for hedge accounting, the Company believes the derivative financial instruments are effective economic hedges against increases in interest rates. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had interest rate caps which effectively limit the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk by providing a ceiling on the underlying floating interest rate for $414.5 million of the Company’s floating rate debt.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the effect of Company's derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815-20	Balance Sheet Location	Fair values of derivative instruments				Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income	The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Operations
		March 31,		December 31,			Three Months Ended March 31,
		2019		2018			2019			2018
Interest rate caps	Accounts receivable, prepaids and other assets	$	908	$	2,596	Interest Expense	$	(1,688	)	$	—

Note 12 – Related Party Transactions

Administrative Services Agreement

In October 2017, the Company entered into an Administrative Services Agreement (the “Administrative Services Agreement”) with Bluerock Real Estate, LLC and its affiliate, Bluerock Real Estate Holdings, LLC (together “BRE”). Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, BRE provides the Company with certain human resources, investor relations, marketing, legal and other administrative services (the “Services”) that facilitate a smooth transition in the Company’s management of its operations, enable the Company to benefit from operational efficiencies created by access to such services, and give the Company time to develop such services in-house or to hire other third-party service providers for such services. The Services are provided on an at-cost basis, generally allocated based on the use of such Services for the benefit of the Company’s business, and are invoiced on a quarterly basis. In addition, the Administrative Services Agreement permits, from time to time, certain employees of the Company to provide or cause to be provided services to BRE, on an at-cost basis, generally allocated based on the use of such services for the benefit of the business of BRE, and otherwise subject to the terms of the Services provided by BRE to the Company under the Administrative Services Agreement. Payment by the Company of invoices and other amounts payable under the Administrative Services Agreement will be made in cash or, in the sole discretion of the Board, in the form of fully-vested LTIP Units.

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The initial term of the Administrative Services Agreement was one year from the date of execution, subject to the Company’s right to renew for successive one-year terms upon sixty (60) days written notice prior to expiration. The initial term of the Administrative Services Agreement expired on October 31, 2018. On August 6, 2018, the Company delivered written notice to BRE of the Company’s intention to renew the Administrative Services Agreement for an additional one-year term, to expire on October 31, 2019. The Administrative Services Agreement will automatically terminate (i) upon termination by the Company of all Services, or (ii) in the event of non-renewal by the Company. Any Company party will also be able to terminate the Administrative Services Agreement with respect to any individual Service upon written notice to the applicable BRE entity, in which case the specified Service will discontinue as of the date stated in such notice, which date must be at least ninety (90) days from the date of such notice. Further, either BRE entity may terminate the Administrative Services Agreement at any time upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control Event” (as defined therein) upon at least one hundred eighty (180) days prior written notice to the Company.

Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, BRE is responsible for the payment of all employee benefits and any other direct and indirect compensation for the employees of BRE (or their affiliates or permitted subcontractors) assigned to perform the Services, as well as such employees’ worker’s compensation insurance, employment taxes, and other applicable employer liabilities relating to such employees.

Recorded as part of general and administrative expenses, payroll expense reimbursements of $0.03 million and $0.11 million, and operating expense reimbursements of $0.4 million and $0.4 million, were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Pursuant to the terms of the Administrative Services Agreement, summarized below are the related party amounts payable to BRE as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Amounts Payable to BRE under the Administrative Services Agreement, net
Operating and direct expense reimbursements	$	681	$	568
Offering expense reimbursements		117		158
Total amounts payable to BRE	$	798	$	726

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $3.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, in receivables due from related parties other than from BRE, primarily for accrued preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate investments for the most recent month.

Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees

In conjunction with the offering of the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company engaged a related party, as dealer manager, and pays up to 10% of the gross offering proceeds from the offering as selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The dealer manager re-allows the substantial majority of the selling commissions and dealer manager fees to participating broker-dealers and incurs costs in excess of the 10%, which costs are borne by the dealer manager without reimbursement by the Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has incurred $3.1 million and $1.3 million, and $1.3 million and $0.6 million, in selling commissions and dealer manager fees, respectively. In addition, BRE was reimbursed for offering costs in conjunction with the Series B Preferred Offering of $0.3 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The selling commissions, dealer manager fees and reimbursements for offering costs were recorded as a reduction to the proceeds of the offering.

Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

The Company invests with related parties in various joint ventures in which the Company owns either preferred or common interests. Please refer to Note 7 and the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further information.

Notes and interest receivable from related parties

The Company provides mezzanine loans to related parties in conjunction with the developments of multifamily communities. Please refer to Notes 6 and 7 and the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further information.

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Note 13 – Stockholders’ Equity and Redeemable Preferred Stock

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders, less dividends on LTIP Units expected to vest, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and any potential dilutive shares for the period.  Net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net loss for the non-forfeitable dividends paid on non-vested LTIP Units.

The Company considers the requirements of the two-class method when preparing earnings per share. The Company has two classes of common stock outstanding, Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and Class C common stock, $0.01 par value per share. Earnings per share is not affected by the two-class method because the Company’s Class A and C common stock participate in dividends on a one-for-one basis.

The following table reconciles the components of basic and diluted net loss per common share (amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(12,093	)	$	(9,425	)
Dividends on LTIP Units expected to vest		(231	)		(172	)
Basic net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(12,324	)	$	(9,597	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding (1)		23,123,616			24,143,382
Potential dilutive shares (2)		—			—
Weighted average common shares outstanding and potential dilutive shares (1)		23,123,616			24,143,382
Net loss per common share, basic	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.40	)
Net loss per common share, diluted	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.40	)

The effect of the conversion of OP Units is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, as they are exchangeable for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The income allocable to such OP Units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As such, the assumed conversion of these OP Units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted earnings per share.

⁽¹⁾ Amounts relate to shares of the Company’s Class A and Class C common stock outstanding.

⁽²⁾ Warrants outstanding from issuances in conjunction with the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock offerings that are potentially exercisable for 12,299 shares of Class A common stock are excluded from the diluted shares calculation as the effect is antidilutive in 2019.

Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock Offering

The Company issued 43,955 shares of Series B Preferred Stock under a continuous registered offering with net proceeds of approximately $39.6 million after commissions and dealer manager fees of approximately $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has sold 352,233 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 352,233 Warrants to purchase 7,044,660 shares of Class A common stock for net proceeds of approximately $317.0 million after commissions and fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 457 Series B Preferred shares were redeemed through the issuance of 43,806 Class A common shares and 84 Series B Preferred shares were redeemed for $78,650 in cash.

At-the-Market Offerings

On August 8, 2016, the Company, its Operating Partnership and its former Manager entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Original Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co. (“FBR”). Pursuant to the Original Sales Agreement, FBR acted as distribution agent with respect to the offering and sale of up to $100,000,000 in shares of Class A common stock in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on or through the NYSE American, or on any other existing trading market for Class A common stock or through a market maker (the “Original Class A Common Stock ATM Offering”). The Company did not commence any sales through the Original Class A Common Stock ATM Offering before it expired on January 29, 2019.

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Class A Common Stock Repurchase Program

In February 2018, the Company authorized a stock repurchase plan to purchase up to $25 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A common stock over a period of one year pursuant to a stock repurchase plan. In December 2018, the Company renewed its stock repurchase plan for a period of one year. The repurchase plan can be discontinued at any time. The extent to which the Company repurchases shares of its Class A common stock, and the timing of any such purchases, depends on a variety of factors including general business and market conditions and other corporate considerations. The Company purchased 505,797 shares of Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2019 for a total purchase price of $5.1 million.

The following table is a summary of the Class A common stock repurchase activity during the quarter ended March 31, 2019:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Weighted Average Price Paid Per Share		Cumulative Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Plan		Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
First quarter 2019		505,797	$	10.01		1,560,854	$	10,919,065

Operating Partnership and Long-Term Incentive Plan Units

As of March 31, 2019, limited partners other than the Company owned approximately 27.58% of the common units of the Operating Partnership (6,385,713 OP Units, or 20.16%, is held by OP Unit holders, and 2,351,386 LTIP Units, or 7.42%, is held by LTIP Unit holders, including 4.48% which are not vested at March 31, 2019). Subject to certain restrictions set forth in the Operating Partnership’s Partnership Agreement, OP Units are exchangeable for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, or, at the Company’s election, redeemable for cash. LTIP Units may be convertible into OP Units under certain conditions and then may be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or, at the Company’s election, cash.

Equity Incentive Plans – LTIP Unit Grants

On January 1, 2018, the Company granted certain equity grants of LTIP Units of the Company’s operating partnership to various executive officers under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans pursuant to the executive officers’ employment and service agreements as time-based LTIP Units and performance-based LTIP Units. All such grants of LTIP Units require continuous employment for vesting. Due to a limitation on the number of LTIP Units available for issuance under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans, the long-term performance awards were, in aggregate, approximately 81,000 LTIP Units (the “Shortfall LTIP Units”) lower than those to which the recipients were entitled pursuant to the terms of their respective employment and service agreements, with the Company planning to issue the remaining LTIP Units at such time as such LTIP Units became available under the Incentive Plans. The time-based LTIP Units were comprised of 770,854 LTIP Units that vest over approximately five years and 160,192 LTIP Units that vest over approximately three years. The performance-based LTIP Units were comprised of 125,165 LTIP Units (the “Initial Long-Term Performance Award”), which are subject to a three-year performance period, and will vest immediately upon successful achievement of performance-based conditions. Performance criteria are primarily based on a mixture of objective internal achievement goals and relative performance against its industry peers, with a minimum, threshold, and maximum performance standard for performance criteria. After the determination of the achievement of the performance criteria, any performance-based LTIP Units that were awarded but do not vest will be canceled.

In addition, on January 1, 2018, the Company granted 6,263 LTIP Units under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to each independent member of the Board in payment of the equity portion of their respective annual retainers. Such LTIP Units were fully vested upon issuance and the Company recognized expense of $0.2 million immediately based on the fair value at the date of grant.

On September 28, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of each of the Second Amended 2014 Individuals Plan (the “Third Amended 2014 Individuals Plan”) and the Second Amended 2014 Entities Plan (the “Third Amended 2014 Entities Plan”, and together with the Third Amended 2014 Individuals Plan, the “Third Amended 2014 Incentive Plans,” and together with the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans, the “Incentive Plans”). The Third Amended 2014 Incentive Plans, which superseded and replaced in their entirety the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans, allow for the issuance of up to an aggregate of 2,250,000 additional shares of Class A common stock. The Third Amended 2014 Incentive Plans provide for the grant of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, performance units, incentive awards and other equity-based awards.

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On October 4, 2018, the Company granted an aggregate of 80,798 Shortfall LTIP Units to the executive officers pursuant to their employment and service agreements. The Shortfall LTIP Units vest over a period of three years from the date of grant of each Initial Long-Term Performance Award, followed by immediate vesting based on successful achievement of the performance conditions.

In addition, on October 4, 2018, the Company granted 3,165 LTIP Units pursuant to the Third Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to the newly appointed independent member of the Board in payment of the prorated portion of her annual retainer. Such LTIP Units were fully vested upon issuance and the Company recognized expense of $0.03 million immediately based on the fair value at the date of grant.

On January 1, 2019, the Company granted certain equity grants of LTIP Units to various executive officers under the Third Amended 2014 Incentive Plans pursuant to the executive officers' employment and service agreements as time-based LTIP Units and performance-based LTIP Units. All such LTIP grants require continuous employment for vesting. The time-based LTIP Units were comprised of 196,023 LTIP Units that vest over approximately three years. The performance-based LTIP Units were comprised of 294,031 LTIP Units, which are subject to a three-year performance period and will vest immediately upon successful achievement of performance-based conditions.

The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service periods for the time-based LTIP Units based on the fair value at the date of grant; thus, the Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the fair value at the date of grant and the probability of achievement of performance criteria over the performance period for the performance-based LTIP Units; thus, the Company recognized approximately $0.4 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

In addition, on January 1, 2019, the Company granted 6,836 LTIP Units pursuant to the Third Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to each independent member of the Board in payment of the equity portion of their respective annual retainers. Such LTIP Units were fully vested upon issuance and the Company recognized expense of $0.2 million immediately based on the fair value at the date of grant.

As of March 31, 2019, there was $9.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested LTIP Units granted under the Incentive Plans. The remaining cost is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.9 years.

Distributions

Declaration Date	Payable to stockholders of record as of	Amount		Date Paid or Payable
Class A Common Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.162500	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.162500	April 5, 2019
Class C Common Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.162500	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.162500	April 5, 2019
Series A Preferred Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.515625	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.515625	April 5, 2019
Series B Preferred Stock
October 12, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	5.00	January 4, 2019
January 11, 2019	January 25, 2019	$	5.00	February 5, 2019
January 11, 2019	February 25, 2019	$	5.00	March 5, 2019
January 11, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	5.00	April 5, 2019
Series C Preferred Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.4765625	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.4765625	April 5, 2019
Series D Preferred Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.4453125	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.4453125	April 5, 2019

A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate. Holders of OP Units and LTIP Units are entitled to receive “distribution equivalents” at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Company's Class A common stock.

The Company has a dividend reinvestment plan that allows for participating stockholders to have their Class A common stock dividend distributions automatically invested in additional Class A common shares based on the average price of the Class A common shares on the investment date. The Company plans to issue Class A common shares to cover shares required for investment.

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Distributions declared and paid for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Distributions
2019	Declared		Paid
First Quarter
Class A Common Stock	$	3,727	$	3,820
Class C Common Stock		12		12
Series A Preferred Stock		2,950		2,950
Series B Preferred Stock		5,058		4,842
Series C Preferred Stock		1,107		1,107
Series D Preferred Stock		1,269		1,269
OP Units		1,038		1,038
LTIP Units		383		262
Total first quarter 2019	$	15,544	$	15,300

Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that any of these legal proceedings or matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity of the Company.

Note 15 – Subsequent Events

Declaration of Dividends

Declaration Date	Payable to stockholders of record as of		Amount		Payable Date
Series B Preferred Stock
April 12, 2019		April 25, 2019	$	5.00	May 3, 2019
April 12, 2019		May 24, 2019	$	5.00	June 5, 2019
April 12, 2019		June 25, 2019	$	5.00	July 5, 2019

Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive "distribution equivalents" at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Company's Class A common stock. A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate.

Distributions Paid

The following distributions were declared and/or paid to the Company's stockholders, as well as holders of OP and LTIP Units, subsequent to March 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Shares	Declaration Date	Record Date	Date Paid	Distributions per Share		Total Distribution
Class A Common Stock	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.162500	$	3,727
Class C Common Stock	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.162500	$	12
Series A Preferred Stock	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.515625	$	2,950
Series B Preferred Stock	January 11, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	5.000000	$	1,747
Series C Preferred Stock	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.4765625	$	1,107
Series D Preferred Stock	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.4453125	$	1,269
OP Units	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.162500	$	1,038
LTIP Units	March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	April 5, 2019	$	0.162500	$	309
Series B Preferred Stock	April 12, 2019	April 25, 2019	May 3, 2019	$	5.000000	$	1,793
Total						$	13,952

Alexan Southside Place Refinance

On April 12, 2019, the Alexan Southside Place owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, i) entered into a $26.4 million senior mortgage loan, ii) entered into a $6.6 million mezzanine loan with an unaffiliated party, and iii) used the proceeds from the senior loan and mezzanine loan to pay off the previous construction loan of $31.8 million. The senior loan and mezzanine loan both provide for earnout advances of $2.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for total loan commitments of $28.8 million and $7.2 million, respectively. The earnout advances are subject to a minimum debt yield and certain other conditions. The loans bear interest at a floating basis of the greater of LIBOR plus 1.50% or 3.99% on the senior loan, and the greater of LIBOR plus 6.00% or 8.49% on the mezzanine loan. The senior loan and mezzanine loan both: i) have regular monthly payments that are interest-only during the initial term, ii) have initial maturity dates of May 9, 2022, iii) contain two one-year extension options, and iv) can be prepaid in whole prior to maturity provided the lender receives a stated spread maintenance premium.

Alexan CityCentre Refinance

On April 26, 2019, the Alexan CityCentre owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, i) entered into a $46.0 million senior mortgage loan, ii) entered into a $11.5 million mezzanine loan with an unaffiliated party, and iii) used the proceeds from the senior loan and mezzanine loan to pay off the previous construction loan of $55.1 million. The senior loan and mezzanine loan both provide for earnout advances of $2.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for total loan commitments of $48.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively. The earnout advances are subject to a minimum debt yield and certain other conditions. The loans bear interest at a floating basis of the greater of LIBOR plus 1.50% or 3.99% on the senior loan, and the greater of LIBOR plus 6.00% or 8.49% on the mezzanine loan. The senior loan and mezzanine loan both: i) have regular monthly payments that are interest-only during the initial term, ii) have initial maturity dates of May 9, 2022, iii) contain two one-year extension options, and iv) can be prepaid in whole prior to maturity provided the lender receives a stated spread maintenance premium.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc., and the notes thereto. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as required by context, Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as our “Operating Partnership,” and to their subsidiaries. We refer to Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, as “Bluerock”, and we refer to our former external manager, BRG Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as our “former Manager.” Both Bluerock and our former Manager are affiliated with the Company.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:

• the factors included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those set forth under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”;

• use of proceeds of the Company’s securities offerings;

• the competitive environment in which we operate;

• real estate risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for tenants in such markets;

• risks associated with geographic concentration of our investments;

• decreased rental rates or increasing vacancy rates;

• our ability to lease units in newly acquired or newly constructed apartment properties;

• potential defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants;

• creditworthiness of tenants;

• our ability to obtain financing for and complete acquisitions under contract at the contemplated terms, or at all;

• development and acquisition risks, including rising and unanticipated costs and failure of such acquisitions and developments to perform in accordance with projections;

• the timing of acquisitions and dispositions;

• the performance of our network of leading regional apartment owner/operators with which we invest through controlling positions in joint ventures;

• potential natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes and floods;

• national, international, regional and local economic conditions;

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• Board determination as to timing and payment of dividends, and our ability to pay future distributions at the dividend rates we have paid historically;

• the general level of interest rates;

• potential changes in the law or governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those laws and regulations, including changes in real estate and zoning or tax laws, and potential increases in real property tax rates;

• financing risks, including the risks that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest and we may be unable to refinance our existing debt upon maturity or obtain new financing on attractive terms or at all;

• lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;

• our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT;

• litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes; and

• possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us or a subsidiary owned by us or acquired by us.

Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this report. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this report will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. The forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2019, and subsequent filings by us with the SEC, or (“Risk Factors”).

Overview

We were incorporated as a Maryland corporation on July 25, 2008. Our objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value by acquiring and developing well-located institutional-quality apartment properties in knowledge economy growth markets across the United States. We seek to maximize returns through investments where we believe we can drive substantial growth in our core funds from operations and net asset value primarily through our Value-Add and Invest-to-Own investment strategies.

We conduct our operations through Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., our operating partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), of which we are the sole general partner. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2019, our portfolio consisted of investments held in forty-eight real estate properties, consisting of thirty-three consolidated operating properties and fifteen properties through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. Of the property interests held through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, five are under development, five are in lease-up and five properties are stabilized. The forty-eight properties contain an aggregate of 14,717 units, comprised of 11,286 consolidated operating units and 3,431 units through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. As of March 31, 2019, our consolidated operating properties were approximately 94% occupied.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and have qualified as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each calendar year at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains). If we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify as a REIT for four years following the year in which our qualification is denied. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and results of operations. We intend to continue to organize and operate in such a manner as to remain qualified as a REIT.

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Significant Developments

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we acquired an additional interest in one stabilized property and provided senior loan funds and mezzanine loan funds in one development project as discussed below.

Acquisition of Additional Interest in ARIUM Pine Lakes

On January 29, 2019, we, through subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership, purchased the non-controlling partner’s interest in ARIUM Pine Lakes for $7.8 million, increasing our interest in the property from 85.0% to 100.0%.

The Park at Chapel Hill Financing

On January 23, 2019, we, through an indirect subsidiary, provided a $7.8 million senior loan to BR Chapel Hill, LLC (“BR Chapel Hill”). BR Chapel Hill JV, LLC (“BR Chapel Hill JV”) owns a 100.0% interest in BR Chapel Hill and is a joint venture with common interests held by Fund I, Fund II, and BR Chapel Hill Investment, LLC, all managed by affiliates of the former Manager. The senior loan is secured by BR Chapel Hill’s fee simple interest in the Chapel Hill property.

In conjunction with the senior loan, on January 23, 2019, we, through an indirect subsidiary, provided an $0.8 million mezzanine loan to BR Chapel Hill JV, which is secured by the Chapel Hill property. See Note 6 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Recent Stock Offerings

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 we continued to raise capital to finance our investment activities.

Series B Preferred Stock

We issued 43,955 shares of Series B Preferred Stock under a continuous registered offering with net proceeds of approximately $39.6 million after commissions and dealer manager fees of approximately $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Our total stockholders’ equity decreased $23.3 million from $158.3 million as of December 31, 2018 to $135.0 million as of March 31, 2019. The decrease in our total stockholders’ equity is primarily attributable to dividends declared of $14.1 million, repurchase of Class A common stock of $5.1 million and acquisition of non-controlling interests of $6.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Results of Operations

The following is a summary of our stabilized consolidated operating real estate investments as of March 31, 2019:

Multifamily Community Name	Location	Number of Units		Date Built/Renovated (1)		Ownership Interest			Average Rent (2)		%   Occupied (3)
ARIUM at Palmer Ranch	Sarasota, FL		320		2016		100.0	%	$	1,311		97	%
ARIUM Glenridge	Atlanta, GA		480		1990		90.0	%		1,215		95	%
ARIUM Grandewood	Orlando, FL		306		2005		100.0	%		1,394		94	%
ARIUM Gulfshore	Naples, FL		368		2016		100.0	%		1,325		95	%
ARIUM Hunter’s Creek	Orlando, FL		532		1999		100.0	%		1,401		97	%
ARIUM Metrowest	Orlando, FL		510		2001		100.0	%		1,382		94	%
ARIUM Palms	Orlando, FL		252		2008		100.0	%		1,315		94	%
ARIUM Pine Lakes	Port St. Lucie, FL		320		2003		100.0	%		1,287		94	%
ARIUM Westside	Atlanta, GA		336		2008		90.0	%		1,532		94	%
Ashford Belmar	Lakewood, CO		512		1988/1993		85.0	%		1,607		92	%
Ashton Reserve	Charlotte, NC		473		2015		100.0	%		1,122		94	%
Citrus Towers	Orlando, FL		336		2006		96.8	%		1,292		94	%
Enders Place at Baldwin Park	Orlando, FL		220		2003		92.0	%		1,778		93	%
James on South First	Austin, TX		250		2016		90.0	%		1,244		93	%
Marquis at Crown Ridge	San Antonio, TX		352		2009		90.0	%		1,014		91	%
Marquis at Stone Oak	San Antonio, TX		335		2007		90.0	%		1,444		95	%
Marquis at The Cascades	Tyler, TX		582		2009		90.0	%		1,206		92	%
Marquis at TPC	San Antonio, TX		139		2008		90.0	%		1,485		92	%
Outlook at Greystone	Birmingham, AL		300		2007		100.0	%		954		94	%
Park & Kingston	Charlotte, NC		168		2015		100.0	%		1,294		98	%
Plantation Park	Lake Jackson, TX		238		2016		80.0	%		1,393		92	%
Preston View	Morrisville, NC		382		2000		100.0	%		1,121		94	%
Roswell City Walk	Roswell, GA		320		2015		98.0	%		1,526		98	%
Sands Parc	Daytona Beach, FL		264		2017		100.0	%		1,354		97	%
Sorrel	Frisco, TX		352		2015		95.0	%		1,279		85	%
Sovereign	Fort Worth, TX		322		2015		95.0	%		1,365		93	%
The Brodie	Austin, TX		324		2001		92.5	%		1,247		94	%
The Links at Plum Creek	Castle Rock, CO		264		2000		88.0	%		1,411		94	%
The Mills	Greenville, SC		304		2013		100.0	%		1,037		96	%
The Preserve at Henderson Beach	Destin, FL		340		2009		100.0	%		1,412		97	%
Veranda at Centerfield	Houston, TX		400		1999		93.0	%		947		90	%
Villages of Cypress Creek	Houston, TX		384		2001		80.0	%		1,129		96	%
Wesley Village	Charlotte, NC		301		2010		100.0	%		1,371		95	%
Total/Average			11,286						$	1,299		94	%

⁽¹⁾ Represents date of last significant renovation or year built if there were no renovations.  

⁽²⁾ Represents the average effective monthly rent per occupied unit for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Total concessions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 amounted to approximately $0.3 million.

⁽³⁾ Percent occupied is calculated as (i) the number of units occupied as of March 31, 2019 divided by (ii) total number of units, expressed as a percentage.

The following is a summary of our preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments as of March 31, 2019:

Multifamily Community Name	Location	Actual/ Planned Number of Units		Total Actual/ Estimated Construction Cost (in millions)		Cost to Date (in millions)		Actual/ Estimated Construction Cost Per Unit		Actual/ Estimated Initial Occupancy	Actual/ Estimated Construction Completion	Pro Forma Average Rent (1)
Whetstone (2)	Durham, NC		204	$	37.0	$	37.0	$	181,373	3Q14	3Q15	$	1,278
Alexan CityCentre (2)	Houston, TX		340		83.5		80.7		245,588	2Q17	4Q17		1,733
Helios (2)	Atlanta, GA		282		51.8		50.7		183,688	2Q17	4Q17		1,436
Alexan Southside Place	Houston, TX		270		49.4		47.0		182,963	4Q17	1Q18		2,012
Leigh House	Raleigh, NC		245		40.2		39.3		164,082	3Q17	3Q18		1,271
Vickers Historic Roswell	Roswell, GA		79		31.9		29.9		403,797	2Q18	3Q18		3,176
Domain at The One Forty	Garland, TX		299		53.3		50.1		178,261	2Q18	4Q18		1,469
Arlo	Charlotte, NC		286		60.0		58.0		209,790	2Q18	1Q19		1,507
Novel Perimeter	Atlanta, GA		320		71.0		68.4		221,875	3Q18	1Q19		1,749
Cade Boca Raton	Boca Raton, FL		90		30.1		28.4		334,444	4Q18	2Q19		2,549
Flagler Village	Fort Lauderdale, FL		385		135.4		80.0		351,688	2Q20	3Q20		2,352
North Creek Apartments	Leander, TX		259		44.0		8.9		169,884	1Q20	3Q20		1,358
Riverside Apartments	Austin, TX		222		37.9		7.1		170,721	3Q20	4Q20		1,408
Wayforth at Concord	Concord, NC		150		33.5		4.1		223,333	2Q20	3Q21		1,707
The Park at Chapel Hill	Chapel Hill, NC		*		*		*		*	*	*		*
Total Average			3,431									$	1,704

* The development is in the planning phase; project specifications are in process.

⁽¹⁾ Represents the average pro forma effective monthly rent per occupied unit for all expected occupied units upon stabilization.

⁽²⁾ Represents the average effective monthly rent per occupied unit for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

Revenue

Rental and other property revenues increased $9.0 million, or 25%, to $45.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $36.7 million for the same prior year period. Net rental income increased $6.9 million from the full period impact of five properties acquired in 2018, and a $2.1 million increase from same store properties. 

Interest income from related parties increased $0.6 million, or 11%, to $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $5.2 million for the same prior year period due to increases in the average balance of mezzanine loans outstanding.

Expenses

Property operating expenses increased $2.9 million, or 19%, to $18.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $15.7 million for the same prior year period. Property operating expenses increased $2.7 million from the full period impact of five properties acquired in 2018 and a $0.2 million increase from same store properties. Property NOI margins increased to 59.3% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from 57.3% in the prior year quarter. Property NOI margins are computed as total property revenues less property operating expenses, divided by total property revenues.

Property management fees expense increased $0.2 million, or 22%, to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $1.0 million in the same prior year period. Property management fees increased $0.2 million from the full period impact of five properties acquired in 2018, and a $0.1 million increase from same store properties.

General and administrative expenses amounted to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $4.7 million for the same prior year period. Excluding non-cash equity compensation expense of $2.5 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, general and administrative expenses were $3.2 million, or 6.1%, of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $2.9 million, or 6.9%, of revenues, for the same prior year period.

Acquisition and pursuit costs amounted to $0.06 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $0.04 million for the same prior year period. Acquisition and pursuit costs incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2019 were related to the write-off of pre-acquisition costs from abandoned deals. Abandoned pursuit costs can vary greatly, and the costs incurred in any given period may be significantly different in future periods.

Weather-related losses, net were not incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $0.2 million for the same prior year period that related to freeze damages at three properties in North Carolina and one property in Texas.

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $17.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $15.6 million for the same prior year period. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $4.0 million from the full period impact of five properties acquired in 2018, offset by a $2.4 million decrease from same store properties.

Other Income and Expense

Other income and expense amounted to expense of $13.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to expense of $7.7 million for the same prior year period. Interest expense increased $6.0 million, or 59%, to $16.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $10.1 million for the same prior year period due to the increased number of properties and an increase in debt to fund the property acquisitions. This was partially offset by a gain on the sale of Wesley Village II of $0.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Property Operations

We define “same store” properties as those that we owned and operated for the entirety of both periods being compared, except for properties that are in the construction or lease-up phases, or properties that are undergoing development or significant redevelopment. We move properties previously excluded from our same store portfolio for these reasons into the same store designation once they have stabilized or the development or redevelopment is complete and such status has been reflected fully in all quarters during the applicable periods of comparison. For newly constructed or lease-up properties or properties undergoing significant redevelopment, we consider a property stabilized upon attainment of 90% physical occupancy.

For comparison of our three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the same store properties included properties owned at January 1, 2018. Our same store properties for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of 28 properties, representing 9,608 units.

The following table presents the same store and non-same store results from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Change
	2019		2018		$		%
Property Revenues
Same Store	$	38,725	$	36,612	$	2,113		5.8	%
Non-Same Store		6,965		63		6,902			*
Total property revenues		45,690		36,675		9,015		24.6	%
Property Expenses
Same Store		15,854		15,628		226		1.4	%
Non-Same Store		2,748		30		2,718			*
Total property expenses		18,602		15,658		2,944		18.8	%
Same Store NOI		22,871		20,984		1,887		9.0	%
Non-Same Store NOI		4,217		33		4,184			*
Total NOI (1)	$	27,088	$	21,017	$	6,071		28.9	%

* Variance is not meaningful.

⁽¹⁾ See “Net Operating Income” below for a reconciliation of Same Store NOI, Non-Same Store NOI and Total NOI to net income (loss) and a discussion of how management uses this non-GAAP financial measure.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2018

Same store NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 9.0%, or $1.89 million, compared to the 2018 period. There was a 5.8% increase in same store property revenues as compared to the 2018 period. The increase was primarily attributable to a 5.3% increase in average rental rates; twenty-seven of our twenty-eight same store properties recognized rental rate increases during the period. In addition, average occupancy increased 40 basis points to 93.9%. Same store expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased 1.4%, or $0.23 million, compared to the 2018 period. The increase is primarily due to a $0.11 million increase in trash, cable and landscaping, $0.06 million of additional real estate taxes due to higher valuations by municipalities, and $0.05 million increase in insurance.

Property revenues and property expenses for our non-same store properties increased significantly due to the properties acquired subsequent to January 1, 2018; the 2019 non-same store property count was five compared to one property for the 2018 period. The results of operations for acquired properties have been included in our consolidated statements of operations from the date of acquisition and the results of operations for disposed properties have been excluded from the consolidated statements of operations since the date of disposition.

Net Operating Income

We believe that net operating income (“NOI”), is a useful measure of our operating performance. We define NOI as total property revenues less total property operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization and interest. Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating NOI, and accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. NOI also is a computation made by analysts and investors to measure a real estate company's operating performance.

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We believe that this measure provides an operating perspective not immediately apparent from GAAP operating income or net income. We use NOI to evaluate our performance on a same store and non-same store basis; NOI allows us to evaluate the operating performance of our properties because it measures the core operations of property performance by excluding corporate level expenses and other items not related to property operating performance and captures trends in rental housing and property operating expenses.

However, NOI should only be used as a supplemental measure of our financial performance. The following table reflects net loss attributable to common shares together with a reconciliation to NOI and to same store and non-same store contributions to consolidated NOI, as computed in accordance with GAAP for the periods presented (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019			2018
Net loss attributable to common shares	$	(12,093	)	$	(9,425	)
Add back: Net loss attributable to operating partnership units		(4,051	)		(2,675	)
Net loss attributable to common shares and units		(16,144	)		(12,100	)
Add common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:
Depreciation and amortization		16,142			14,831
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization		86			64
Non-cash interest expense		775			461
Unrealized loss on derivatives		1,635			—
Property management fees		1,148			939
Acquisition and pursuit costs		58			43
Corporate operating expenses		5,554			4,669
Weather-related losses, net		—			165
Preferred dividends		10,384			8,248
Preferred stock accretion		1,887			1,112
Less common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:
Preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate joint ventures		2,289			2,461
Interest income from related parties		5,776			5,196
Gain on sale of non-depreciable real estate investments		679			—
Pro-rata share of properties’ income		12,781			10,775
Add:
Noncontrolling interest pro-rata share of partially owned property income		729			607
Total property income		13,510			11,382
Add:
Interest expense		13,578			9,635
Net operating income		27,088			21,017
Less:
Non-same store net operating income		4,217			33
Same store net operating income	$	22,871		$	20,984

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements. Our primary short-term liquidity requirements relate to (a) our operating expenses and other general business needs, (b) distributions to our stockholders, (c) committed investments and capital requirements to fund development and renovations at existing properties, (d) ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, including our credit facilities and our maturing short-term debt, and (e) Class A common stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

We believe the properties underlying our real estate investments are performing well with an occupancy of 94%, exclusive of our development properties, at March 31, 2019.

In general, we believe our available cash balances, the proceeds from our continuous offering of Series B Preferred Stock, the Senior and Amended Junior Credit Facilities, the Fannie Facility, other financing arrangements and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our liquidity requirements with respect to our existing portfolio for the next 12 months. We expect that properties added to our portfolio with the proceeds from the continuous offering of Series B Preferred Stock and from the credit facilities will have a positive impact on our future results of operations. In general, we expect that our results related to our portfolio will improve in future periods as a result of anticipated future investments in and acquisitions of real estate.

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We believe we will be able to meet our primary liquidity requirements going forward through:

• $24.3 million in cash available at March 31, 2019;

• cash generated from operating activities; and

• our continuous Series B Preferred Stock Offering, proceeds from future borrowings and potential offerings, including potential offerings of common and preferred stock through underwritten offerings, as well as issuances of units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, or OP Units.

Our primary long-term liquidity requirements relate to (a) costs for additional apartment community investments, (b) repayment of long-term debt and our credit facilities, (c) capital expenditures, (d) cash redemption requirements related to our Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, and (e) Class A common stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

In February 2018, we announced a stock repurchase program to purchase up to $25 million of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock over a period of one year. In December 2018, we renewed our stock repurchase plan for a period of one year. The repurchase plan can be discontinued at any time. We purchased 505,797 shares of Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2019 for a total purchase price of $5.1 million.

We intend to finance our long-term liquidity requirements with net proceeds of additional issuances of common and preferred stock, including our Series B Preferred Stock, our credit facilities, as well as future borrowings. Our success in meeting these requirements will therefore depend upon our ability to access capital. Further, our ability to access equity capital is dependent upon, among other things, general market conditions for REITs and the capital markets generally, market perceptions about us and our asset class, and current trading prices of our securities.

We may also selectively sell assets at appropriate times, which would be expected to generate cash sources for both our short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

We may also meet our long-term liquidity needs through borrowings from a number of sources, either at the corporate or project level. We believe the Senior and Amended Junior Credit Facilities, as well as the Fannie Facility, will continue to enable us to deploy our capital more efficiently and provide capital structure flexibility as we grow our asset base. We expect the combination of these facilities to provide us flexibility by allowing us, among other things, to use borrowings under our Senior and Amended Junior Credit Facilities to acquire properties pending placement of permanent mortgage indebtedness, including under the Fannie Facility. In addition to restrictive covenants, these credit facilities contain material financial covenants. At March 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants under our credit facilities. We will continue to monitor the debt markets, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and as market conditions permit, access borrowings that are advantageous to us.

We intend to continue to use prudent amounts of leverage in making our investments, which we define as having total indebtedness of approximately 65% of the fair market value of the properties in which we have invested. For purposes of calculating our leverage, we assume full consolidation of all our real estate investments, whether or not they would be consolidated under GAAP, include assets we have classified as held for sale, and include any joint venture level indebtedness in our total indebtedness. However, we are not subject to any limitations on the amount of leverage we may use, and accordingly, the amount of leverage we use may be significantly less or greater than we currently anticipate. We expect our leverage to decline commensurately as we execute our business plan to grow our net asset value.

If we are unable to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, we would likely need to curtail our investment activities, including acquisitions and improvements to and developments of real properties, which could limit our growth prospects. This, in turn, could reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise capital by issuing more securities or borrowing more money. We also may be forced to dispose of assets at inopportune times to maintain our REIT qualification and Investment Company Act exemption.

We expect to maintain a distribution paid to our Series A Preferred Stock, our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series C Preferred Stock and our Series D Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms of those securities which require monthly or quarterly dividends depending on the series. While our policy is generally to pay distributions from cash flow from operations, our distributions through March 31, 2019 have been paid from cash flow from operations, proceeds from our continuous Series B Preferred Stock offering, proceeds from underwritten securities offerings, and sales of assets and may in the future be paid from additional sources, such as from borrowings.

We have notes receivable to related parties in conjunction with development projects.  The development projects are in various stages of completion and lease-up.  The notes receivable provide a stated return and required repayment based on a fixed maturity date, generally in relation to the development’s construction loan maturity.  If the development does not repay the notes receivable upon maturity, our income, FFO, CFFO and cash flows could be reduced below the stated returns currently being recognized if the development project does not produce sufficient cash flow to pay its operating expenses and debt service, or to refinance its debt obligations.  In addition, we have, in certain cases, an option to purchase up to 100% of the common interest which holds an interest in the entity that owns the development project.  If we were to convert into common ownership, our income, FFO, CFFO and cash flows would be reflective of our pro rata share of the property’s results, which could be a reduction from what our notes receivable currently generate.

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We have preferred membership interests in development projects in various stages of completion and lease-up. Our preferred investments are structured to provide a current preferred return during the development and lease-up phase. Each joint venture in which we own a preferred membership interest is required to redeem our preferred membership interests, plus any accrued but unpaid preferred return, based on a fixed maturity date, generally in relation to the development’s construction loan maturity. Upon redemption of the preferred membership interests, our income, FFO, CFFO and cash flows could be reduced below the preferred returns currently being recognized. Alternatively, if the joint ventures do not redeem our preferred membership interest when required, our income, FFO, CFFO and cash flows could be reduced if the development project does not produce sufficient cash flow to pays its operating expenses, debt service and preferred return obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2019, we have off-balance sheet arrangements that may have a material effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources or capital expenditures. As of March 31, 2019, we own interests in fourteen joint ventures that are accounted for under the equity method as we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, the investee.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

As of March 31, 2019, we owned indirect equity interests in forty-eight real estate properties, thirty-three consolidated operating properties and fifteen through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments.  During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities was $10.9 million.  After the net loss of $4.4 million was adjusted for $18.8 million of non-cash items, net cash provided by operating activities consisted of the following:

• distributions and preferred returns from unconsolidated joint ventures of $2.0 million;

• a decrease in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities of $5.4 million, offset by:

• an increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.1 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $27.7 million, primarily due to the following:

• $14.6 million used in acquiring additional investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and notes receivable;

• $6.2 million used on capital expenditures;

• $7.9 million used in purchase of interests from noncontrolling interests, partially offset by:

• $1.0 million of proceeds from the sale of non-depreciable real estate investments.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was $11.6 million, primarily due to the following:

• net proceeds of $20.5 million from borrowings on revolving credit facilities;

• net proceeds of $38.3 million from issuance of Units of Series B Preferred Stock and associated Warrants;

• partially offset by $3.8 million paid in cash distributions to common stockholders;

• $1.5 million in distributions paid to our noncontrolling interests;

• $10.2 million paid in cash distributions to preferred stockholders;

• $1.6 million of repayments of our mortgages payable;

• $0.1 million increase in deferred financing costs;

• $24.7 million in repayments on revolving credit facilities; and

• $5.1 million paid for the repurchase of Class A common stock.

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Capital Expenditures

The following table summarizes our total capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Redevelopment/renovations	$	3,986	$	3,128
Normally recurring capital expenditures		616		551
Routine capital expenditures		454		481
Total capital expenditures	$	5,056	$	4,160

Redevelopment and renovation costs are non-recurring capital expenditures for significant projects that are revenue enhancing through unit or common area upgrades, such as clubhouse renovations and kitchen remodels. Normally recurring capital expenditures are necessary non-revenue generating improvements that occur on a regular ongoing basis, such as carpet and appliances. Routine capital expenditures are necessary non-revenue generating improvements that extend the useful life of the property and that are less frequent in nature, such as roof repairs and asphalt resurfacing.

Funds from Operations and Core Funds from Operations

We believe that funds from operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), and core funds from operations (“CFFO”) are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT.

FFO attributable to common shares and units is a non-GAAP financial measure that is widely recognized as a measure of REIT operating performance. We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating performance as it is based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. We define FFO, consistent with the NAREIT definition, as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of depreciable real estate property, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, plus impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis.

CFFO makes certain adjustments to FFO, removing the effect of items that do not reflect ongoing property operations such as stock compensation expense, acquisition expenses, unrealized gains or losses on derivatives, losses on extinguishment of debt and debt modification costs (includes prepayment penalties incurred and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments of assumed debt), non-cash interest, one-time weather-related costs, gains or losses on sales of non-depreciable real estate property, and preferred stock accretion. We believe that CFFO is helpful to investors as a supplemental performance measure because it excludes the effects of certain items which can create significant earnings volatility, but which do not directly relate to our core recurring property operations. As a result, we believe that CFFO can help facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and provides a more meaningful predictor of future earnings potential.

Our calculation of CFFO differs from the methodology used for calculating CFFO by certain other REITs and, accordingly, our CFFO may not be comparable to CFFO reported by other REITs. Our management utilizes FFO and CFFO as measures of our operating performance after adjustment for certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expenses, and acquisition and pursuit costs that are required by GAAP to be expensed but may not necessarily be indicative of current operating performance and that may not accurately compare our operating performance between periods. Furthermore, although FFO and CFFO and other supplemental performance measures are defined in various ways throughout the REIT industry, we also believe that FFO and CFFO may provide us and our stockholders with an additional useful measure to compare our financial performance to certain other REITs.

Neither FFO nor CFFO is equivalent to net income, including net income attributable to common stockholders, or cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, FFO and CFFO do not represent amounts available for management's discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments or uncertainties. Neither FFO nor CFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income, including net income attributable to common stockholders, as an indicator of our operating performance or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.

We have acquired four operating properties and four properties held through preferred equity or mezzanine loan investments subsequent to March 31, 2018. The results presented in the table below are not directly comparable and should not be considered an indication of our future operating performance.

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The table below presents our calculation of FFO and CFFO for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2019			2018
Net loss attributable to common shares	$	(12,093	)	$	(9,425	)
Add back: Net loss attributable to operating partnership units		(4,051	)		(2,675	)
Net loss attributable to common shares and units		(16,144	)		(12,100	)
Common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:
Real estate depreciation and amortization (1)		16,142			14,831
FFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units		(2	)		2,731
Common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:
Acquisition and pursuit costs		58			43
Non-cash interest expense		775			461
Unrealized loss on derivatives		1,635			—
Weather-related losses, net		—			165
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization		86			64
Gain on sale of non-depreciable real estate investments		(679	)		—
Shareholder activism		338			—
Non-cash preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate joint ventures		(212	)		(231	)
Non-cash equity compensation		2,391			1,780
Preferred stock accretion		1,887			1,112
CFFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units	$	6,277		$	6,125
Per Share and Unit Information:
FFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units - diluted	$	(0.00	)	$	0.09
CFFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units - diluted	$	0.20		$	0.20
Weighted average common shares and units outstanding - diluted		30,885,006			30,995,775

⁽¹⁾ The real estate depreciation and amortization amount includes our share of consolidated real estate-related depreciation and amortization of intangibles, less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests for partially owned properties, and our similar estimated share of unconsolidated depreciation and amortization, which is included in earnings of our unconsolidated real estate joint venture investments. 

Operating cash flow, FFO and CFFO may also be used to fund all or a portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from FFO and CFFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and deferred leasing costs.

Presentation of this information is intended to assist the reader in comparing the sustainability of the operating performance of different REITs, although it should be noted that not all REITs calculate FFO or CFFO the same way, so comparisons with other REITs may not be meaningful.  FFO or CFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or as an indication of our liquidity, nor is either indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.  Both FFO and CFFO should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements.

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Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands) which consisted of mortgage notes secured by our properties and revolving credit facilities. At March 31, 2019, our estimated future required payments on these obligations were:

			Remainder of
	Total		2019		2020-2021		2022-2023		Thereafter
Mortgages Payable (Principal)	$	1,213,741	$	5,727	$	46,589	$	312,628	$	848,797
Revolving Credit Facilities		78,000		11,000		67,000		—		—
Estimated Interest Payments on Mortgages Payable and Revolving Credit Facilities		282,479		40,843		100,870		88,827		51,939
Total	$	1,574,220	$	57,570	$	214,459	$	401,455	$	900,736

Estimated interest payments are based on the stated rates for mortgage notes payable assuming the interest rate in effect for the most recent quarter remains in effect through the respective maturity dates.

Distributions

Declaration Date	Payable to stockholders of record as of	Amount		Date Paid
Class A Common Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.162500	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.162500	April 5, 2019
Class C Common Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.162500	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.162500	April 5, 2019
Series A Preferred Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.515625	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.515625	April 5, 2019
Series B Preferred Stock
October 12, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	5.00	January 4, 2019
January 11, 2019	January 25, 2019	$	5.00	February 5, 2019
January 11, 2019	February 25, 2019	$	5.00	March 5, 2019
January 11, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	5.00	April 5, 2019
Series C Preferred Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.4765625	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.4765625	April 5, 2019
Series D Preferred Stock
December 7, 2018	December 24, 2018	$	0.4453125	January 4, 2019
March 8, 2019	March 25, 2019	$	0.4453125	April 5, 2019

A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate.

Our Board will determine the amount of dividends to be paid to our stockholders. The Board’s determination will be based on a number of factors, including funds available from operations, our capital expenditure requirements and the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our REIT status under the Internal Revenue Code. As a result, our distribution rate and payment frequency may vary from time to time.  However, to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we must make distributions equal to at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income” each year.

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Distributions paid were funded from cash provided by operating activities except with respect to $4.7 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which was funded from sales of real estate, borrowings, and/or proceeds from our equity offerings.  

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
	(in thousands)
Cash provided by operating activities	$	10,866		$	6,102
Cash distributions to preferred shareholders	$	(10,168	)	$	(8,143	)
Cash distributions to common shareholders		(3,832	)		(2,348	)
Cash distributions to noncontrolling interests		(1,533	)		(1,146	)
Total distributions		(15,533	)		(11,637	)
Shortfall	$	(4,667	)	$	(5,535	)
Proceeds from sale of real estate investments	$	952		$	—

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and Note 2 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Subsequent Events

Other than the items disclosed in Note 15, “Subsequent Events” to our interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended March 31, 2019, no material events have occurred that required recognition or disclosure in these financial statements.  See Note 15 to our interim Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk primarily through borrowing activities. There is inherent roll-over risk for borrowings as they mature and are renewed at current market rates. The extent of this risk is not quantifiable or predictable because of the variability of future interest rates and our future financing requirements. We are not subject to foreign exchange rates or commodity price risk, and all our financial instruments were entered into for other than trading purposes.

Our interest rate risk is monitored using a variety of techniques. The table below presents the principal payments and the weighted average interest rates on outstanding debt, by year of expected maturity, to evaluate the expected cash flows and sensitivity to interest rate changes.

	2019			2020			2021			2022			2023			Thereafter			Total
Mortgage Notes Payable	$	5,727		$	30,729		$	15,860		$	91,409		$	221,219		$	848,797		$	1,213,741
Weighted Average Interest Rate		4.15	%		3.68	%		4.07	%		3.72	%		4.08	%		4.16	%		4.10	%
Revolving Credit Facilities	$	11,000		$	67,000		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	78,000
Weighted Average Interest Rate		5.99	%		4.83	%		-			-			-			-			5.00	%

The fair value of mortgages payable is estimated at $1,219.1 million as of March 31, 2019.

The table above incorporates those exposures that exist as of March 31, 2019; it does not consider those exposures or positions which could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during the period and interest rates.

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As of March 31, 2019, a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates on the portion of our debt bearing interest at floating rates would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $56,000 or decrease by $1,106,000, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019, we had twelve interest rate caps, which are not accounted for as hedges, that we primarily use as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Our interest rate caps effectively limit our exposure to interest rate risk by providing a ceiling on the underlying floating interest rates of our tax-exempt floating rate debt.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of March 31, 2019, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e).  Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in this report filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than the following, there have been no material changes to our potential risks and uncertainties presented in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019.

Your interests could be diluted by the incurrence of additional debt, the issuance of additional shares of preferred stock, including additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock (together the “Preferred Stock”) and by other transactions.

As of March 31, 2019, our total indebtedness was approximately $1,292 million, and we may incur significant additional debt in the future. The Preferred Stock is subordinate to all our existing and future debt and liabilities and those of our subsidiaries. Our future debt may include restrictions on our ability to pay dividends to preferred stockholders in the event of a default under the debt facilities or under other circumstances. Our charter currently authorizes the issuance of up to 250,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series, and as of March 31, 2019, the number of preferred shares outstanding was as follows: 5,721,460 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 349,423 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, 2,323,750 shares of Series C Preferred Stock and 2,850,602 shares of Series D Preferred Stock. The issuance of additional preferred stock on parity with or senior to the Preferred Stock would dilute the interests of the holders of shares of Preferred Stock, and any issuance of preferred stock senior to the Preferred Stock or of additional indebtedness could affect our ability to pay dividends on, redeem or pay the liquidation preference on the Preferred Stock. We may issue preferred stock on parity with the Preferred Stock without the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock. Other than the Asset Coverage Ratio, our letter agreement with Cetera Financial Group, Inc. pertaining to our Series B Preferred Stock that requires us to maintain a preferred dividend coverage ratio and the right of holders to cause us to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock upon a Change of Control/Delisting, none of the provisions relating to the Preferred Stock relate to or limit our indebtedness or afford the holders of shares of Preferred Stock protection in the event of a highly leveraged or other transaction, including a merger or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all our assets or business, that might adversely affect the holders of shares of Preferred Stock.

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3.  Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

None.

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Item 6.  Exhibits

31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.1	Press Release dated February 14, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2019
99.2	Supplemental Financial Information, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2019
99.3	Presentation dated February 27, 2019, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2019
101.1	The following information from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Balance Sheets; (ii) Statements of Operations; (iii) Statement of Stockholders’ Equity; (iv) Statements of Cash Flows.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.
DATE:	May 9, 2019		/s/ R. Ramin Kamfar
			R. Ramin Kamfar
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

DATE:	May 9, 2019	/s/ Christopher J. Vohs
		Christopher J. Vohs
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)

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