<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0206</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>3</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2017-06-16</periodOfReport>

    <noSecuritiesOwned>0</noSecuritiesOwned>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001441849</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>CLOUD PEAK ENERGY INC.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CLD</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001708318</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Clemetson Amy</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>505 SOUTH GILLETTE AVENUE</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>GILLETTE</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>WY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>82715</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Senior VP, Human Resources</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>3808</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Restricted Stock Units</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>11795</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeHolding>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">This total does not include restricted stock units (&quot;RSUs&quot;) (see footnote 2 below) or performance share units (&quot;PSUs&quot;) granted to the Reporting Person in 2015, 2016 or 2017 and that will be reported under Section 16 upon any vesting, as provided by applicable rules. PSUs represent a contingent right to receive the value of one share of Cloud Peak Energy Inc. (&quot;CPE&quot;) common stock. In general, PSUs vest 3 years from the date of grant depending on CPE's achievement of performance goals, which are based upon CPE's relative and absolute total shareholder return (&quot;TSR&quot;), and subject to the terms of the award agreement and CPE's long-term incentive plan (&quot;LTIP&quot;). These TSR achievements may result in a payout ranging between 0% and 200% of the target.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Represents the following awards of RSUs granted to the Reporting Person: 1,669 RSUs granted on 3/2/15, 7,055 RSUs granted on 3/4/16 and 3,071 RSUs granted on 3/3/17.  Each RSU represents a contingent right to receive the value of one share of CPE common stock. In general, 100% of the RSUs vest three years after the date of grant subject to the terms of the award agreement and CPE's LTIP. Vested RSUs may be paid in shares, cash or a combination of shares and cash, in the discretion of the Compensation Committee.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <remarks>Exhibit List: 1. Exhibit 24 - Power of Attorney</remarks>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Bryan J. Pechersky, attorney-in-fact for Amy Clemetson</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2017-06-19</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
