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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
3. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of all acquisitions over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company performs an impairment test of goodwill annually as of July 1. Neither the 2012 or 2013 impairment tests resulted in any impairment losses. There is no goodwill impairment for any of the periods presented in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
The following is a rollforward of goodwill from December 31, 2012 to September 30, 2013 by reportable segment (in thousands):
 
LTL
 
TL
 
TMS
 
Total
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2012
$
197,456

 
$
202,547

 
$
42,140

 
$
442,143

Adjustments to goodwill for purchase accounting
(143
)
 
(3,183
)
 
4

 
(3,322
)
Acquisitions

 
8,248

 
68,793

 
77,041

Goodwill balance as of September 30, 2013
$
197,313

 
$
207,612

 
$
110,937

 
$
515,862


Intangible assets consist of customer relationships acquired from business acquisitions. Intangible assets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were as follows (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Value
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Value
Customer relationships - TL
$
17,950

 
$
(4,829
)
 
$
13,121

 
$
15,115

 
$
(3,430
)
 
$
11,685

Customer relationships - LTL
1,358

 
(667
)
 
691

 
1,358

 
(497
)
 
861

Customer relationships - TMS
11,352

 
(557
)
 
10,795

 
626

 
(462
)
 
164

Total customer relationships
$
30,660

 
$
(6,053
)
 
$
24,607

 
$
17,099

 
$
(4,389
)
 
$
12,710


Customer relationships intangible assets are amortized over their estimated five to ten years useful lives. Amortization expense was $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $1.7 million and $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years based on intangible assets as of September 30, 2013 is as follows (in thousands):
Remainder 2013
$
869

2014
3,576

2015
3,379

2016
3,287

2017
3,166

2018
2,877

Thereafter
7,453

Total
$
24,607