20-F 1 d20f.htm FORM 20-F Form 20-F
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

 

     ¨   REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

     x   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

OR

 

     ¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

     ¨   SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

Commission File Number: 001-34129

 

 

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. – ELETROBRÁS

(exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY

(translation of registrant’s name into English)

 

 

Federative Republic of Brazil
(jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Avenida Presidente Vargas, 409 – 13th floor, Edifício Herm. Stoltz – Centro, CEP 20071-003, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
(address of principal executive offices)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class         Name of each exchange on which registered
American Depositary Shares, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, each representing one Common Share      New York Stock Exchange
Common Shares, no par value*      New York Stock Exchange
American Depositary Shares, evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, each representing one Class B Preferred Share      New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Shares, no par value*      New York Stock Exchange

 

*

Not for trading but only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the SEC.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of December 31, 2008 was:

 

905,023,527   Common Shares
227,186,643   Preferred Shares

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  ¨ Yes  x No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  ¨ Yes  x No

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  x Yes  ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12-b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨                 Accelerated filer  ¨                 Non accelerated filer  x

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP  x                                IFRS  ¨                                Other  ¨

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.  ¨ Item 17  x Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.).  ¨ Yes  x No

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

   Page

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

   8

ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

   8

ITEM 3. Key Information

   8

A. Selected Financial Data

   8

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

   14

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

   14

D. Risk Factors

   14

ITEM 4. Information on the Company

   25

A. History and Development

   25

B. Business Overview

   28

C. Organizational Structure

   68

D. Property, Plant and Equipment

   69

ITEM 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments

   69

ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

   70

A. Operating Results

   79

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

   91

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses

   93

D. Trend Information

   94

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   95

F. Contractual Obligations

   95

ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

   96

A. Board of Directors and Senior Management

   96

B. Compensation

   99

C. Board Practices

   99

D. Employees

   100

E. Share Ownership

   101

ITEM 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

   101

A. Major Shareholders

   101

B. Related Party Transactions

   102

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

   103

ITEM 8. Financial Information

   103

A. Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Information

   103

B. Significant Changes

   108

ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing

   108

A. Offer and Listing Details

   108

B. Plan of Distribution

   112

C. Markets

   112

D. Selling Shareholders

   117

E. Dilution

   117

F. Expenses of the Issue

   117

ITEM 10. Additional Information

   117

A. Share Capital

   117

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

   117

C. Material Contracts

   121

D. Exchange Controls

   121

E. Taxation

   123

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

   129

G. Statement by Experts

   129

H. Documents on Display

   130

I. Subsidiary Information

   130

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   130

ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

   131

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

   132

ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

   132

ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures

   132

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(continued)

 

   Page

ITEM 15T. Controls and Procedures

   132

ITEM 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

   132

ITEM 16B. Code of Ethics

   132

ITEM 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   133

ITEM 16D. Exemption from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

   134

ITEM 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

   134

ITEM 16G. Corporate Governance

   134

ITEM 17. Financial Statements

   135

ITEM 18. Financial Statements

   135

ITEM 19. Exhibits

   135

 

- ii -


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PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

In this annual report, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to “we”, “our”, “ours”, “us” or similar terms refer to Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We maintain our books and records in reais. Our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, as included in this annual report, have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States or U.S. GAAP.

In this annual report, the term “Brazil” refers to the Federative Republic of Brazil and the phrase “Brazilian Government” refers to the federal government of Brazil. The term “Central Bank” refers to the Central Bank of Brazil. The terms “real” and “reais” and the symbol “R$” refer to the legal currency of Brazil. The terms “U.S. dollar” and “U.S. dollars” and the symbol “U.S.$” refer to the legal currency of the United States of America.

All references in this annual report to numbers of our common and preferred shares reflect the 1-for-500 reverse stock split which took place on August 20, 2007.

Certain figures in this document have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.

Terms contained within this annual report have the following meanings:

 

   

Amazonas Energia: Amazonas Energia S.A., a distribution company wholly owned by Eletrobrás and operating in the state of Amazonas. Amazonas Energia was formed in 2008 as a result of the merger between Ceam and Manaus Energia S.A.;

 

   

ANDE: Administración Nacional de Electricidad;

 

   

ANEEL: Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica, the Brazilian Electric Power Agency;

 

   

Average tariff or rate: total sales revenue divided by total MWh sold for each relevant period, including unbilled electricity. Total sales revenue, for the purpose of computing average tariff or rate, includes both gross billings before deducting VAT and other taxes and unbilled electricity sales upon which such taxes have not yet accrued;

 

   

Basic Network: interconnected transmission lines, dams, energy transformers and equipment with voltage equal to or higher than 230 kV, or installations with lower voltage as determined by ANEEL;

 

   

BNDES: Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, the Brazilian Development Bank;

 

   

Boa Vista: Boa Vista Energia S.A., a distribution company operating in the state of Roraima;

 

   

Brazilian Corporate Law: Collectively, Law No. 6,404 of December 15, 1976, Law No. 9,457 of May 5, 1997 and Law No. 10,303 of October 31, 2001;

 

   

Capacity charge: the charge for purchases or sales based on contracted firm capacity whether or not consumed;

 

   

CCC Account: Conta de Consumo de Combustivel, or Fuel Consumption Account;


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CCEAR: Contratos de Comercialização de Energia no Ambiente Regulado, contracts for the commercialization of energy in the Regulated Market;

 

   

CDE Account: Conta de Desenvolvimento Energetico, the energy development account;

 

   

Ceal: Companhia Energética de Alagoas, a distribution company operating in the state of Alagoas;

 

   

Ceam: Companhia Energética do Amazonas, a distribution company that used to operate in the state of Amazonas. In March 2008, Ceam merged with Manaus Energia S.A. The resulting entity is Amazonas Energia S.A.;

 

   

Cepel: Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica, a research center of the Brazilian electric sector;

 

   

Cepisa: Companhia de Energética do Piauí, a distribution company operating in the state of Piauí;

 

   

Ceron: Centrais Elétricas de Rondônia S.A., a distribution company operating in the state of Rondônia;

 

   

Chesf: Companhia Hidro Elétrica do São Francisco, a generation and transmission subsidiary of Eletrobrás;

 

   

CGE: Câmara de Gestão da Crise de Energia Elétrica, the Brazilian Energy Crisis Management Committee;

 

   

CGTEE: Companhia de Geração Térmica de Energia Elétrica, a generation subsidiary of Eletrobrás;

 

   

CMN: Conselho Monetario Nacional, the highest authority responsible for Brazilian monetary and financial policy;

 

   

CNEN: Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear S.A., the Brazilian national commission for nuclear energy;

 

   

CNPE: Conselho Nacional de Política Energética, the advisory agency to the President of the Republic of Brazil for the formulation of policies and guidelines in the Energy sector;

 

   

Concessionaires or concessionaire companies: companies to which the Brazilian Government transfers rights to supply electric energy services (generation, transmission, distribution) to a particular region in accordance with agreements entered into between the companies and the Brazilian Government pursuant to Law No. 8,987 (dated February 1995) and Law No. 9,074 (the Power Sector Law, dated July 7, 1995) (together, the “Concessions Laws”);

 

   

Distribution: the transfer of electricity from the transmission lines at grid supply points and its delivery to consumers through a distribution system. Electricity reaches consumers such as residential consumers, small industries, commercial properties and public utilities at a voltage of 220/127 volts;

 

   

Distributor: an entity supplying electrical energy to a group of customers by means of a distribution network;

 

   

DNAEE: Departamento National de Águas e Energia Elétrica, the Brazilian national department of water and electrical energy;

 

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Electricity Regulatory Law: Law No. 10,848 (Lei do Novo Modelo do Setor Elétrico), enacted on March 15, 2004, and which regulates the operations of companies in the electricity industry;

 

   

Eletroacre: Companhia de Eletricidade do Acre, a distribution company operating in the state of Acre;

 

   

Eletrobrás: Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás;

 

   

Eletronorte: Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A., a generation and transmission subsidiary of Eletrobrás;

 

   

Eletronuclear: Eletrobrás Termonuclear S.A., a generation subsidiary of Eletrobrás;

 

   

Eletropar: Eletrobrás Participações S.A., a holding company subsidiary created to hold equity investments (formerly, Light Participações S.A. – LightPar);

 

   

Eletrosul: Eletrosul Centrais Elétricas S.A., a generation and transmission subsidiary of Eletrobrás;

 

   

Energy charge: the variable charge for purchases or sales based on actual electricity consumed;

 

   

Environmental Crimes Act: Law No. 9,605, dated February 12, 1998;

 

   

Final consumer (end user): a party who uses electricity for its own needs;

 

   

FND: Fundo National do Desestatização, the national privatization fund;

 

   

Free consumers: customers that were connected to the system after July 8, 1995 and have a contracted demand above 3 MW at any voltage level; or customers that were connected to the system prior to July 8, 1995 and have a contracted demand above 3 MW at voltage level higher than or equal to 69 kV;

 

   

Furnas: Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A., a generation and transmission subsidiary of Eletrobrás;

 

   

Gigawatt (GW): one billion watts;

 

   

Gigawatt hour (GWh): one gigawatt of power supplied or demanded for one hour, or one billion watt hours;

 

   

High voltage: a class of nominal system voltages equal to or greater than 100,000 volts (100 kVs) and less than 230,000 volts (230 kVs);

 

   

Hydroelectric plant or hydroelectric facility or hydroelectric power unity (HPU): a generating unit that uses water power to drive the electric generator;

 

   

IGP-M: Indice Geral de Precos-Mercado, the Brazilian general market price index, similar to the retail price index;

 

   

INB: Indústrias Nucleares Brasileiras, a Brazilian Government-owned company responsible for processing uranium used as power to provide electricity at Angra I and Angra II Nuclear Plants;

 

   

Installed capacity: the level of electricity which can be delivered from a particular generating unit on a full-load continuous basis under specified conditions as designated by the manufacturer;

 

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Interconnected power system: systems or networks for the transmission of energy, connected together by means of one or more links (lines and/or transformers);

 

   

Isolated system: generation facilities in the North of Brazil not connected to the national transmission grid;

 

   

Itaipu: Itaipu Binacional, the hydroelectric generation facility owned equally by Brazil and Paraguay;

 

   

Kilowatt (kW): 1,000 watts;

 

   

Kilowatt Hour (kWh): one kilowatt of power supplied or demanded for one hour;

 

   

Kilovolt (kV): one thousand volts;

 

   

Megawatt (MW): one million watts;

 

   

Megawatt hour (MWh): one megawatt of power supplied or demanded for one hour, or one million watt hours;

 

   

Mixed capital company: pursuant to Brazilian Law No. 6,404 of December 15, 1976, a company with public and private sector shareholders, but controlled by the public sector;

 

   

MME: Ministério de Minas e Energia, the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy;

 

   

MRE: Mercado Regulado de Energia, the Brazilian Energy Regulated Market;

 

   

National Environmental Policy Act: Law No. 6,938, dated August 31, 1981;

 

   

Northeast region: the States of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe;

 

   

ONS: Operador Nacional do Sistema, the national system operator;

 

   

Power Sector Law: Law No. 9,074 of July 7, 1997;

 

   

Procel: Programa Nacional de Combate ao Desperdício de Energia Elétrica, the national electric energy conservation program;

 

   

Proinfa: Programa de Incentivo as Fontes Alternativas de Energia, the program for incentives to develop alternative energy sources;

 

   

RGR Fund: Reserva Global de Reversão, a fund we administer, funded by consumers and providing compensation to all concessionaires for non-renewal or expropriation of their concessions used as source of funds for the expansion and improvement of the electric energy sector;

 

   

Selic rate: an official overnight government rate applied to funds traded through the purchase and sale of public debt securities established by the special system for custody and settlement;

 

   

Small Hydroelectric Power Plants: power plants with capacity from 1 MW to 30 MW;

 

   

Substation: an assemblage of equipment which switches and/or changes or regulates the voltage of electricity in a transmission and distribution system;

 

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TFSEE: Taxa de Fiscalização de Serviços de Energia Elétrica, the fee for the supervision of electricity energy services;

 

   

Thermoelectric plant or thermoelectric power unity (TPU): a generating unit which uses combustible fuel, such as coal, oil, diesel natural gas or other hydrocarbon as the source of energy to drive the electric generator;

 

   

Transmission: the bulk transfer of electricity from generating facilities to the distribution system at load center station by means of the transmission grid (in lines with capacity between 69 kV and 525 kV);

 

   

TWh: Terawatt hour (1,000 Gigawatt hours);

 

   

UBP Fund: Fundo de Uso de Bem Publico, the public asset use fund;

 

   

U.S. GAAP: United States generally accepted accounting principles;

 

   

Volt (V): the basic unit of electric force analogous to water pressure in pounds per square inch; and

 

   

Watt: the basic unit of electrical power.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This annual report includes certain forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations or those of our officers with respect to, among other things, our financing plans, trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations and the impact of future plans and strategies. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and contingencies including, but not limited to, the following:

 

   

general economic, regulatory, political and business conditions in Brazil and abroad;

 

   

interest rate fluctuations, inflation and the value of the real in relation to the U.S. dollar;

 

   

changes in volumes and patterns of customer electricity usage;

 

   

competitive conditions in Brazil’s electricity generation, transmission and distribution markets;

 

   

the effects of competition;

 

   

our level of debt;

 

   

the likelihood that we will receive payment in connection with account receivables;

 

   

changes in rainfall and the water levels in the reservoirs used to run our hydroelectric power generation facilities;

 

   

our financing and capital expenditure plans;

 

   

our ability to serve our customers on a satisfactory basis;

 

   

existing and future governmental regulation as to electricity rates, electricity usage, competition in our concession area and other matters;

 

   

our ability to execute our business strategy, including our growth strategy;

 

   

changes in other laws and regulations, including, among others, those affecting tax and environmental matters;

 

   

future actions that may be taken by the Brazilian government, our controlling shareholder;

 

   

the outcome of our tax, civil and other legal proceedings; and

 

   

other risk factors as set forth under “Item 3.D, Risk Factors”.

The forward-looking statements referred to above also include information with respect to our capacity expansion projects that are in the planning and development stages. In addition to the above risks and uncertainties, our potential expansion projects involve engineering, construction, regulatory and other significant risks, which may:

 

   

delay or prevent successful completion of one or more projects;

 

   

increase the costs of projects; and

 

   

result in the failure of facilities to operate or generate income in accordance with our expectations.

 

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The words “believe”, “may”, “will”, “estimate”, “continue”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “expect” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking information, events and circumstances discussed in this annual report might not occur. Our actual results and performance could differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements.

 

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PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

Background

The selected financial information presented herein should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes, which appear elsewhere in this annual report.

The following paragraphs discuss some important features of the presentation of the selected financial information and our financial statements. These features should be considered when evaluating the selected financial information.

A. Selected Financial Data

The following tables present our selected historical financial and operating data. You should read the following information in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and the information under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report.

Selected financial data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements.

 

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Consolidated Balance Sheet Information

 

     At December 31,
     2008    2007    2006    2005
     (R$ thousands)     

Assets

     

Current assets:

                       

Cash and cash equivalents

   13,033,078       7,645,704       5,217,085       3,903,988   

Restricted cash

   734,386       830,065       645,886       67,298   

Accounts receivable, net

   4,991,458       4,488,721       4,407,777       4,499,890   

Marketable securities

                       

Deferred regulatory assets

   25,124       240,154       416,776       779,017   

Loans and financings receivable

   1,463,667       1,268,583       1,234,983       762,067   

Recoverable taxes

   1,741,195       1,966,532       1,739,400       1,440,927   

Deferred income and social contribution taxes

   514,813       545,525       14,491         

Materials and supplies

   767,283       647,775       569,932       490,936   

Sundry debts

   388,920       439,869       127,126       402,181   

Fuel consumption account

   554,748       365,366       634,966       158,888   

Compensation right

   516,766       179,460       81,658       270,139   

Prepaid charges

   76,874       70,395       50,007       56,386   

Fair value of derivatives

   52,640       295,886       532,669       325,034   

Other current assets

   1,194,709       710,222       684,099       742,340   
                               
   26,055,661       19,694,257       16,356,855       13,899,091   

Property, plant and equipment, net

   78,635,566       75,379,549       78,539,149       80,898,110   

Investments in affiliates

   5,648,132       4,822,629       4,151,997       4,084,758   

Non-current assets:

                       

Deferred regulatory assets

   23,609,493       18,199,826       23,155,399       23,143,664   

Accounts receivable, net

   2,293,343       2,201,203       4,949,497       4,804,539   

Loans and financings receivable

   4,354,362       4,716,675       4,622,839       4,961,429   

Judicial deposits

   170,563       400,986       464,373       309,701   

Marketable securities

   1,001,908       976,717       937,261       890,201   

Deferred income and social contribution taxes

   778,491       1,443,903       751,587       98,173   

Nuclear fuel inventories

   725,142       657,188       594,169       524,255   

Recoverable taxes

   1,345,725       949,962       1,078,220       925,346   

Fuel consumption account

   572,279       500,511       474,052       362,627   

Fair value of derivatives

   40,050       296,134       475,631       322,366   

Compensation rights

   4,312,809       590,025               

Other non-current assets

   828,559       818,223       1,043,573       1,203,841   
                               
   40,032,724       31,751,353       38,546,601       37,556,142   
                               

Total assets

   150,372,083       131,647,788       137,594,602       136,438,101   
                               

 

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     At December 31,
     2008    2007    2006    2005
     (R$ thousands)     

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

                       

Current liabilities:

                       

Suppliers

   1,925,416       1,903,243       1,650,178       1,796,867   

Taxes payable

   2,075,726       1,955,794       1,524,744       1,726,382   

Loans and financing

   2,664,233       2,186,783       2,549,430       2,305,976   

Compulsory loan

   85,205       96,709       111,106       166,274   

Federal treasury credits

   72,236       58,150       51,123       46,239   

Fuel consumption account

   670,482       515,419       836,878       143,044   

Employee postemployment benefits

   44,980       37,972       36,522       56,292   

Commitments and contingencies

   1,481,709       1,086,773       998,011       960,395   

Shareholders’ remuneration and dividends

   11,053,474       8,886,499       7,850,864       6,742,297   

Remuneration and reimbursement

   923,344       444,225       739,785       682,778   

Research and development

   269,062       343,010       287,460         

Fees as per regulations

   1,174,963       820,311       591,290         

Estimated obligations

   693,444       527,120       332,385       237,961   

Deferred revenue from embedded derivative

   296,134       480,588       527,712       317,607   

Other current liabilities

   731,705       1,202,378       369,349       938,987   
                               
   24,162,113       20,544,974       18,456,837       16,185,163   

Long-term liabilities:

                       

Taxes payable

   1,616,694       1,312,444       1,423,778       1,907,188   

Deferred income and social contribution taxes

                       

Loans and financing

   29,892,516       22,327,043       31,714,658       34,964,075   

Compulsory loan

   129,866       202,375       87,389       83,999   

Federal treasury credits

   2,854,201       726,989       459,808       499,157   

Fuel consumption account

   1,432,982       1,373,638       668,456       393,093   

Employee postemployment benefits

   4,132,733       2,304,711       3,889,655       3,558,601   

Anticipated energy sales

   1,018,488       1,056,761       942,330       723,451   

Global reversal reserve

   7,193,770       6,769,011       6,171,300       5,724,538   

Decommissioning of nuclear power plants

   266,168       191,327       204,620       200,018   

Deferred revenue from embedded derivative

   40,050       296,134       480,588       339,793   

Advances for future capital increase

   4,287,353       3,811,625       3,407,858       2,961,277   

Other long-term liabilities

   746,627       753,878       1,048,055       676,879   
                               
   53,611,447       41,125,935       50,498,495       52,032,069   
                               

Commitments and contingencies

   2,050,245       2,347,287       2,529,615       2,472,508   
                               

Minority interest

   349,518       388,553       293,956       332,811   
                               

Shareholders’ equity:

                       

Capital stock

   26,156,567       24,235,829       24,235,829       24,235,829   

Additional paid-in capital

   29,587,464       29,446,426       29,446,426       29,446,426   

Appropriated retained earnings

   19,719,486       17,499,537       16,632,738       15,913,652   

Accumulated losses

   (3,637,429)       (3,444,621)       (3,452,476)       (3,447,554)   

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   (1,627,328)       (496,132)       (1,046,818)       (732,803)   
                               
   70,198,760       67,241,039       65,815,699       65,415,550   
                               

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   150,372,083       131,647,788       137,594,602       136,438,101   
                               

 

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Consolidated Income Statement

 

     At December 31,
     2008    2007    2006    2005
     (R$ thousands)

Net operating revenues:

           

Electricity sales

   31,615,696    26,778,542    23,025,800    21,303,390

Other operating revenues

   791,914    519,772    741,347    426,61

Taxes on revenues

   (984,608)    (878,222)    (851,440)    (730,923)

Regulatory charges on revenues

   (1,191,673)    (1,260,043)    (931,463)    (787,008)
                   

Total net operating revenues

   30,231,329    25,160,049    21,984,244    20,212,077

Operating costs and expenses:

           

Electricity purchased for resale

   (5,956,745)    (3,904,204)    (2,540,296)    (2,023,065)

Fuel for electric power production

   (1,158,856)    (820,780)    (888,564)    (453,001)

Use of basic transmission network

   (1,101,220)    (951,599)    (911,241)    (763,879)

Emergency capacity charges

            (56,687)

Depreciation and amortization

   (3,729,214)    (2,851,031)    (3,364,032)    (3,309,755)

Payroll and related charges/ Third-party services/ Material and supplies

   (6,047,795)    (5,409,535)    (4,750,611)    (4,466,962)

Taxes – PASEP/COFINS

   (1,464,809)    (1,131,591)    (946,518)    (949,775)

Deferred loss from ITAIPU

   (405,793)    (432,318)    1,790,799    2,670,775

Operating provisions

   (773,860)    (796,273)    (410,475)    (860,969)

Donations and contributions

   (217,913)    (198,990)    (196,904)    (177,003)

Remuneration and reimbursement

   (1,722,240)    (1,677,902)    (1,794,992)    (1,661,350)

Impairment

   (770,231)    (899,508)      

Other operating costs and expenses

   (659,632)    (1,791,089)    (1,588,554)    (1,617,249)
                   

Total operating costs and expenses

   (24,008,308)    (20,864,820)    (15,601,388)    (13,668,920)

Financial expenses, net

   5,115,466    (3,581,591)    (5,217,541)    (4,850,766)
                   

Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   11,338,487    713,638    1,165,315    1,692,391
                   

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   665,533    740,153    361,667    582,858

Income taxes and social contribution:

           

Current

   (2,766,506)    (2,037,796)    (1,299,509)    (1,643,169)

Deferred

   (657,233)    1,223,349    731,969    580,278
                   
   (3,423,739)    (814,447)    (567,540)    (1,062,891)
                   

Minority interests

   (12,833)    15,786    66,833    9,514
                   

Net income for the year

   8,567,447    655,130    1,026,275    1,221,872
                   

Basic and diluted earnings per shares:

           

Common (R$)

   9.18    0.40    0.81    1.03

Preferred A (R$)

   1.85    1.72    1.72    1.72

Preferred B (R$)

   1.39    1.29    1.29    1.40

Weighted average number of shares outstanding:

           

Common

   905,023,527    905,023,527    905,023,527    905,023,527

Preferred

   227,186,643    224,474,975    224,474,975    206,310,488
                   
   1,132,210,170    1,129,498,502    1,129,498,502    1,111,334,015

Brazilian Corporate Law and our by-laws provide that we must pay our shareholders mandatory dividends equal to at least 25% of our adjusted net income for the preceding fiscal year. In addition, our by-laws require us to give: (i) class “A” preferred shares a priority in the distribution of dividends, at 8% each year over the capital linked to those shares; and (ii) class “B” preferred shares that were issued on or after June 23, 1969 a priority in the distribution of dividends, at 6% each year over the capital linked to those shares. In addition, preferred shares must receive a dividend 10% over the dividend paid to the common shares.

 

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The following table sets out our declared dividends for the periods indicated:

 

     Year
     2008(1)    2007(1)(2)    2006(2)
     (R$)

Common Shares

   1.48    0.40    0.13

Class A Preferred Shares

   2.17    2.02    2.02

Class B Preferred Shares

   1.63    1.51    1.51

 

(1)

Interest on own capital.

(2)

Adjusted to reflect reverse stock split.

At December 31, 2008, our balance sheet carried appropriated retained earnings of R$28,900 billion, as well as R$9.3 billion of accumulated dividends we have declared but not yet paid to our shareholders as permitted under Brazilian corporate law. Our Board of Directors has discretion as to when such dividends may be paid to our shareholders. Accordingly, our management believes that any decision to pay the related dividends would only be made when our Board of Directors believes that such payment would not cause a material liquidity event.

The following table sets forth a summary of dividends/interest on own capital declared per share for the periods presented, both at the time declared and as adjusted for our 500:1 reverse stock split effected in 2007.

Dividend per Share

 

     Declared    Paid(2)
     On 12/31/2004    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)    On 12/21/2005    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)
     R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$

Common

   0.00028575152    0.00010765202    0.14287576000    0.05382600964    0.00033864005    0.00014616715    0.16932002500    0.07308357433

Preferred A

   0.00363952476    0.00137112898    1.81976238000    0.68556448915    0.00431314883    0.00186168371    2.15657441500    0.93084185730

Preferred B

   0.00272964357    0.00102834673    1.36482178500    0.51417336686    0.00323486162    0.00139626278    1.61743081000    0.69813139244
     Declared    Paid(2)
     On 12/31/2005    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)    On 06/28/2006    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)
     R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$

Common

   0.00033824150    0.00014450442    0.16912075000    0.07225221088    0.00036052899    0.00016194816    0.18026449500    0.08097407915

Preferred A

   0.00343314543    0.00146671741    1.71657271500    0.73335870252    0.00365936304    0.00164377102    1.82968152000    0.82188550894

Preferred B

   0.00257485907    0.00110003805    1.28742953500    0.55001902636    0.00277236098    0.00124533329    1.38618049000    0.62266664720
     Declared    Paid(2)
     On 12/31/2006    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)    On 06/15/2007    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)
     R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$

Common

   0.00026403571    0.00012349659    0.13201785500    0.06174829514    0.00027872570    0.00014595261    0.13936285000    0.07297630518

Preferred A

   0.00403899462    0.00188914622    2.01949731000    0.94457311038    0.00426370961    0.00223265938    2.13185480500    1.11632968791

Preferred B

   0.00302924597    0.00141685967    1.51462298500    0.70842983396    0.00319778221    0.00167449453    1.59889110500    0.83724726659
     Declared    Paid(2)
     On 12/31/2007    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)    On 04/30/2008(3)    Equivalent on 08/20/2007(1)
     R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$

Common

   0.40155520020    0.22670084130    0.40155520020    0.22670084130    0.41587767968    0.24648985282    0.41587767968    0.24648985282

Preferred A

   2.01949731106    1.14012155539    2.01949731106    1.14012155539    2.09152777855    1.23964424997    2.09152777855    1.23964424997

Preferred B

   1.51462298231    0.85509116599    1.51462298231    0.85509116599    1.56864583289    0.92973318687    1.56864583289    0.92973318687

 

     Declared    Paid
     On 12/31/2008    On 05/20/2009(3)
     R$    U.S.$    R$    U.S.$

Common

   1.48488373396    0.63538028839    1.548692924    0.662684178

Preferred A

   2.17404437469    0.93027144831    2.267468532    0.970247553

Preferred B

   1.63053328065    0.69770358607    1.703562217    0.728952596

 

(1)

Adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.

(2)

Adjusted by Selic rate variation.

(3)

General Stockholders Meeting.

Exchange Controls and Foreign Exchange Rates

Before March 14, 2005, there were two legal foreign exchange markets in Brazil, the commercial rate exchange market (or the Commercial Market) and the floating rate exchange market (or the Floating Market), where exchange positions of the Brazilian financial institutions in the Commercial Market and in the Floating Market were unified

 

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and differentiated solely for regulatory purposes. The Commercial Market was reserved primarily for foreign trade transactions and transactions that generally required prior approval from Brazilian monetary authorities, such as the purchase and sale of registered investments by foreign persons and related remittances of funds abroad (including the payment of principal and of interest on loans, notes, bonds and other debt instruments denominated in foreign currencies and duly registered with the Central Bank). The Floating Market rate generally applied to specific transactions for which Central Bank approval was not required. Prior to the introduction of the real in 1994 the Commercial Market rate and the Floating Market rate differed significantly at times. However, since the introduction of the real, the two rates have not differed significantly.

CMN Resolutions Nos. 3,265 and 3,266, dated March 4, 2005 and effective as of March 14, 2005, introduced several changes in the Brazilian foreign exchange regime, including: (i) the unification of the Commercial Market and the Floating Market; (ii) the relaxation of rules for the acquisition of foreign currency by Brazilian residents; and (iii) the extension of the period for reporting proceeds derived from Brazilian exports to the Central Bank. The unified market and the new regulations are intended to simplify foreign exchange transactions for inbound and outbound transactions by means of exchange contracts entered into with local institutions authorized to deal in foreign exchange.

Those regulations allow, subject to certain procedures and specific regulatory provisions, the purchase and sale of foreign currency and the international transfer of reais, without any limitation on the amounts involved, provided, however, that the transaction is legal and prescribed under the regulation. Purchases and sales of foreign currency continue to be carried out through a financial institution authorized to operate in the foreign exchange market.

The real was introduced in July 1994, and from that time through March 1995 the real appreciated against the U.S. dollar. In March 1995, the Central Bank introduced exchange rate policies that established a trading band within which the real/U.S. dollar exchange rate could fluctuate, allowing the gradual devaluation of the real against the U.S. dollar. In January 1999, in response to increased pressure on Brazil’s foreign currency reserves, the Central Bank allowed the real to float freely.

During 2001 and 2002, the real declined against the U.S. dollar. In 2003, the highest rate occurred in January, reaching R$3.66 reais per U.S. dollar. Under the current free convertibility exchange system, the real may undergo further depreciation or may appreciate against the U.S. dollar and other currencies. During 2004, the real appreciated by 8.1% against the U.S. dollar and continued to appreciate in the first half of 2005. As of December 31, 2006, the commercial market for purchasing U.S. dollars was R$2.1380 to U.S.$1.00 and, as of December 31, 2007, it was R$1.7713 to U.S.$1.00. The real experienced a significant degree of fluctuation in 2008, ranging from R$1.559 to U.S.$1.00 to R$2.500 to U.S.$1.00, and ended the year at R$2.337 to U.S.$1.00, which represents a material depreciation from the average for the year of R$1.837 to U.S.$1.00. Since August 2008, the real has depreciated substantially against the U.S. dollar, principally as a result of the ongoing global economic crisis. We cannot assure you that the real will not depreciate substantially or continue to appreciate against the U.S. dollar in the near future.

The following table sets forth the period end, average, high and low selling rates published by the Central Bank expressed in reais per U.S.$ for the periods and dates indicated.

 

     Reais per U.S. Dollar

Year Ended

     Period-end        Average(1)          Low            High    

December 31, 2004

   2.6544    2.9257    2.6544    3.2051

December 31, 2005

   2.3407    2.4341    2.1633    2.7621

December 31, 2006

   2.1380    2.1771    2.0586    2.3711

December 31, 2007

   1.7713    1.9483    1.7325    2.1556

December 31, 2008

   2.3370    1.8374    1.5593    2.5004

 

(1)

Represents the average of month-end rates beginning with December of the previous period through last month of period indicated.

 

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The following table sets forth the period end, high and low commercial market/foreign exchange market selling rates published by the Central Bank expressed in reais per U.S.$ for the periods and dates indicated.

 

     Reais per U.S. Dollar

Month

     Period-end          Low            High    

June 2008

   1.5919    1.5919    1.6428

July 2008

   1.5666    1.5641    1.6147

August 2008

   1.6344    1.5593    1.6389

September 2008

   1.9143    1.6447    1.9559

October 2008

   2.1153    1.9213    2.3924

November 2008

   2.3331    2.1210    2.4277

December 2008

   2.3370    2.3370    2.5004

January 2009

   2.3162    2.1889    2.3803

February 2009

   2.3784    2.2446    2.3916

March 2009

   2.3152    2.2375    2.4218

April 2009

   2.1783    2.1699    2.2899

May 2009

   1.9730    1.9730    2.1476

June 2009 (through June 26, 2009)

   1.9396    1.9301    2.0074

Brazilian law provides that, whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments or there are serious reasons to foresee a serious imbalance, temporary restrictions may be imposed on remittances of foreign capital abroad. We cannot assure you that such measures will not be taken by the Brazilian Government in the future. See “Item 3.D, Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil”.

We currently maintain our financial books and records in reais. For ease of presentation, however, certain consolidated financial information contained in this annual report has been presented in U.S. dollars. See “Item 8, Financial Information”.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Risks Relating to our Company

Some of our concessions are due to expire in 2015 and Brazilian law currently does not permit us to renew these concessions; if we are unable to renew those concessions our results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

We carry out our generation, transmission and distribution activities pursuant to concession agreements entered into with the Brazilian Government through ANEEL. These concessions range in duration from 20 to 35 years. Our concession agreements with the earliest expiration dates are due to expire in 2015 and have already been renewed once (see “Item 4.B, Business Overview—Generation—Concessions”), except for Samuel, Serra da Mesa and Corumbá I, which expire in September 2009, May 2011 and November 2014, respectively. We have requested renewal for Samuel and Serra da Mesa and are currently awaiting approval from ANEEL. These concessions (expiring in 2015 or prior) represent approximately 91.15% of the assured energy of our subsidiary Chesf and 48.17% of the assured energy of our subsidiary Furnas. Chesf and Furnas represent 19.7% and 18.0%, respectively, of our consolidated intangible assets as of December 31, 2008. For a further discussion of Chesf and Furnas, see “Item 4, Information on the Company—Organizational Structure”. Presently, Law No. 10.848 of 2004 only permits concessions to be renewed once. However, there are working groups in place examining proposals for a change in this law. If the law is not changed, we would be unable to renew certain concessions and would have to take part in auctions for these concessions again. If we are unable to renew any of our concessions and were unable to gain any of the auctions for these concessions, we would lose the business derived from these concessions, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

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We are controlled by the Brazilian Government, the current policies and priorities of which directly affect our operations.

The Brazilian Government, as our controlling shareholder, has pursued (and may continue to pursue) some of its macroeconomic and social objectives through us using principally Brazilian Government funds, which we administer. These funds are the RGR Fund, the CCC Account and the CDE Account. The Brazilian Government also has the power to appoint eight out of the 10 members of our Conselho de Administração (or Board of Directors) and, through them, a majority of the executive officers responsible for our day-to-day management. Separately, the Brazilian Government has in the past and may in the future require us to make investments, incur costs or engage in transactions (which may include, for example, requiring us to make acquisitions) that may not be consistent with our objective of maximizing our profits. As a company controlled by the Brazilian Government, we are subject to Law No. 8,666 of June 21, 1993 (or the Procurement Law), pursuant to which procurement of goods and services by us are determined by price, meaning we must select the lowest bidder to supply such goods and services. Although there are some exceptions to the lowest-price rule of the Procurement Law, these are limited in nature. Accordingly, we may be required to contract goods and/or services of a lower quality than would otherwise be the case, which might adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to rules limiting borrowing by public sector companies and may not be able to obtain sufficient funds to complete our proposed capital expenditure programs.

Our current budget anticipates capital expenditures of approximately R$7.2 billion in 2009. We cannot assure you that we will be able to finance our proposed capital expenditure programs from either our cash flow or external resources. Moreover, as a state controlled company, we are subject to certain rules limiting our indebtedness and investments and must submit our proposed annual budgets, including estimates of the amounts of our financing requirements and sources of our financing, to the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management and the Brazilian Congress for approval. Thus, if our operations do not fall within the parameters and conditions established by such rules and the Brazilian government, we may have difficulty in obtaining the necessary financing authorizations, which could create difficulties in raising funds. If we are unable to obtain such funds, our ability to invest in capital expenditures for expansion and maintenance may be adversely impacted, which would materially adversely affect the execution of our growth strategy, particularly large scale projects such as the construction of the new nuclear plant, Angra III.

We own a number of subsidiaries whose performance significantly influences our results.

We conduct our business mainly through our operating subsidiaries, including Eletronorte, CGTEE, Eletronuclear, Chesf, Furnas and Eletrosul and through Itaipu. Our ability to meet our financial obligations is therefore related in part to the cash flow and earnings of those subsidiaries and the distribution or other transfer of those earnings to us in the form of dividends, loans or other advances and payment. Some of our subsidiaries are, or may in the future be, subject to loan agreements that prohibit or limit the transfer of funds to us in the form of dividends, loans or advances and/or require that any indebtedness of those subsidiaries to us be subordinate to the indebtedness under those loan agreements. Our subsidiaries are separate legal entities. Any right we may have to receive assets of any subsidiary or other payments upon its liquidation or reorganization will be effectively subordinated to the claims of that subsidiary’s creditors (including tax authorities, trade creditors and lenders to such subsidiaries), except to the extent that we are a creditor of that subsidiary, in which case our claims would still be subordinated to any security interest in the assets of that subsidiary and indebtedness of that subsidiary senior to that held by us.

The amounts we receive from the Fuel Consumption Account may decrease.

The Brazilian Government introduced the Fuel Consumption Account, or CCC Account, in 1973. The purpose of the CCC Account is to generate financial reserves payable to distribution companies and some generation companies (all of which must make annual contributions to the CCC Account) to cover some of the costs of the operation of thermoelectric plants in the event of adverse hydrological conditions. Although the Brazilian Government has announced that the CCC Account is to be gradually phased out, we (together with other companies in our industry)

 

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continue to receive reimbursements from that account. In recent periods, the amounts we have received as reimbursements from the CCC Account have exceeded our contributions to that account. However, we cannot assure you that we will continue to receive reimbursements from the CCC Account (in amounts that exceed our contributions or at all) and any decrease in the amounts we receive may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 4.B, Business Overview—The Brazilian Power Industry—Regulatory Charges”.

If many of our assets were deemed assets dedicated to providing an essential public service, they would not be available for liquidation in the event of bankruptcy and could not be subject to attachment to secure a judgment.

On February 9, 2005, the Brazilian Government enacted Law No. 11,101, or the New Bankruptcy Law. The New Bankruptcy Law, which came into effect on June 9, 2005, governs judicial recovery, extrajudicial recovery and liquidation proceedings and replaces the debt reorganization judicial proceeding known as concordata (reorganization) for judicial recovery and extrajudicial recovery. The New Bankruptcy Law provides that its provisions do not apply to government owned and mixed capital companies (such as Eletrobrás). However, the Brazilian Federal Constitution establishes that mixed capital companies, such as Eletrobrás, which operate a commercial business, will be subject to the legal regime applicable to private corporations in respect of civil, commercial, labor and tax matters. Accordingly it is unclear whether or not the provisions relating to judicial and extrajudicial recovery and liquidation proceedings of the New Bankruptcy Law would apply to us. For a further description about the New Bankruptcy Law, please see “Item 4.B, Business Overview—The Effects of the New Bankruptcy Law on Us”.

We believe that a substantial portion of our assets, including our generation assets, our transmission network and our limited distribution network, would be deemed by Brazilian courts to be related to providing an essential public service. Accordingly, these assets would not be available for liquidation in the event of bankruptcy or available for attachment to secure a judgment. In either case, these assets would revert to the Brazilian Government pursuant to Brazilian law and the terms of our concession agreements. Although the Brazilian Government would in such circumstances be under an obligation to compensate us in respect of the reversion of these assets, we cannot assure you that the level of compensation received would be equal to the market value of the assets and, accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations may be affected.

We may be liable if there is a nuclear accident involving our subsidiary Eletronuclear.

Our subsidiary Eletronuclear, as an operator of two nuclear power plants, is subject to strict liability under Brazilian law for damages in the event of a nuclear accident. The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Accidents (or the Vienna Convention) became binding in Brazil in 1993. The Vienna Convention provides that an operator of a nuclear installation, such as Eletronuclear, in a jurisdiction which has adopted legislation implementing the Vienna Convention, will be strictly liable for unlimited damages in the event of a nuclear accident (except in certain limited exceptions), subject to the right of any such jurisdiction to adopt legislation placing limits on liability, which Brazil has not done. Eletronuclear is regulated by several federal and state agencies. Eletronuclear’s Angra I and Angra II plants are currently insured for an aggregate amount of U.S.$93 million in the event of a nuclear accident (see “Item 4.B, Business Overview—Generation—Nuclear Plants”). We cannot assure that this coverage will be sufficient in the event of a nuclear accident. Accordingly, any nuclear accident may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We do not have alternative supply sources for the key raw materials that our thermal and nuclear plants use.

Our thermal plants operate on coal and/or oil and our nuclear plants operate on processed uranium. In each case, we are entirely dependent on third parties for the provision of these raw materials. In the event that supplies of these raw materials become unavailable for any reason, we do not have alternative supply sources and, therefore, the ability of our thermal and/or nuclear plants, as applicable, to generate electricity would be materially adversely affected.

 

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Our subsidiary Eletronorte has historically supplied electricity at a loss and our ability to reduce these losses in the future may be limited.

As a result of our status as a mixed-capital company and to support governmental development objectives, our subsidiary Eletronorte has historically operated a number of isolated systems in the northern region of Brazil supplying electricity at prices below the applicable cost of generation. Although Eletronorte has negotiated supply contracts and applicable tariffs to attempt to reduce its losses in the future, we have only been able to implement changes to our operations in isolated areas of Brazil on a gradual basis.

Furthermore, Eletronorte remains dependent upon purchases of oil in order to generate electricity at its isolated plants and is unable to distribute the electricity that it generates through the interconnected power system, adversely affecting its profitability and cash flow from operations. Discussions have taken place regarding proposals to connect the plants owned by Eletronorte to the interconnected power system and to supply them with natural gas by means of a pipeline from gas fields in the Amazon region. However we cannot assure you that any of these proposals will be implemented and, accordingly, there is a risk that net losses attributable to Eletronorte will continue to adversely affect our profitability, our financial condition and the results of our operations.

We may incur losses and spend time and money defending pending litigation and arbitration.

We are currently a party to numerous legal proceedings relating to civil, administrative, environmental, labor and tax claims filed against us. These claims involve substantial amounts of money and other remedies. Several individual disputes account for a significant part of the total amount of claims against us. We have established provisions for all amounts in dispute that represent a probable loss in the view of our legal advisors and in relation to those disputes that are covered by laws, administrative decrees, decrees or our court rulings that have proven to be unfavorable. As of December 31, 2008, we provisioned a total aggregate amount of approximately R$3,532 million in respect of our legal proceedings (plus judicial deposits of R$921 million), of which R$242 million related to tax claims, R$2,965 million related to civil claims and R$1,246 million related to labor claims. (See “Item 8.A—Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Information—Litigation”).

In the event that claims involving a material amount and for which we have no provisions were to be decided against us, or in the event that the losses estimated turn out to be significantly higher that the provisions made, the aggregate cost of unfavorable decisions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our management may be required to direct its time and attention to defending these claims, which could preclude them from focusing on our core business. Depending on the outcome, certain litigation could result in restrictions in our operations and have a material adverse effect on certain of our businesses.

Our insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover potential losses.

Our business in generally subject to a number of risks and hazards, including industrial accidents, labor disputes, unexpected geological conditions, changes in the regulatory environment, environmental hazards and weather and other natural phenomena. Our insurance covers only part of the losses that we may incur. We maintain insurance in amounts that we believe to be adequate to cover damages to our plants caused fire, general third-party liability for accidents and operational risks. If we are unable to renew our insurance policies from time to time or losses or other liabilities occur that are not covered by insurance that exceed our insurance limits, we could be subject to significant unexpected additional losses.

Judgment may not be enforceable against our directors or officers.

All of our directors and officers named in this annual report reside in Brazil. We, our directors and officers and our Fiscal Council members, have not agreed to accept service of process in the United States. Substantially all of our assets, as well as the assets of these persons, are located in Brazil. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or other jurisdictions outside Brazil upon these persons, attach their assets, or enforce against them or us in United States courts, or the courts of other jurisdictions outside Brazil, judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or the laws of other jurisdictions.

 

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Risks Relating to Brazil

Macroeconomic conditions globally and in Brazil have weakened and our business and results of operations are likely to be materially adversely affected while these conditions persist.

Recent market volatility and disruption globally has been accompanied by worsening economic data in the world’s major economies. Substantially all of our revenue is generated by our operations in Brazil, and in keeping with the global trend, the Brazilian economy has weakened since the third quarter of 2008. According to the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (or the IBGE), Brazil’s GDP declined by 3.6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 compared to the previous fiscal quarter, which was the most significant quarterly decline in GDP since 1996. The unemployment rate has also increased in recent months, reaching 8.9% in April 2009 according to IBGE. Recent volatility in commodity prices has also impacted certain key industries in Brazil. According to a survey among financial institutions carried out by the Central Bank on February 2009, the rate of growth in Brazilian GDP is forecast to decline or remain close to zero in 2009. Weakening economic conditions in Brazil may impair the ability of some of our customers in the free market to pay us amounts due under contracts we have with them and/or prompt some of those customers to seek renegotiations of the terms of the applicable contracts. In addition, weakening economic conditions may limit our ability to execute our strategy in the same way that we would in a period of economic growth and stability. Accordingly, for so long as these conditions persist, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

The Brazilian Government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. Brazilian economic and political conditions have a direct impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The Brazilian economy has been characterized by the significant involvement of the Brazilian Government, which often changes monetary, credit and other policies to influence Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian Government’s actions to control inflation and effect other policies have often involved wage and price controls, depreciation of the real, controls over remittances of funds abroad, intervention by the Central Bank to affect base interest rates and other measures. We have no control over, and cannot predict, what measures or policies the Brazilian Government may take in the future. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely affected by changes in Brazilian Government policies, as well as general factors including, without limitation:

 

   

Brazilian economic growth;

 

   

inflation;

 

   

interest rates;

 

   

variations in exchange rates;

 

   

exchange control policies;

 

   

liquidity of the domestic capital and lending markets;

 

   

fiscal policy and changes in tax laws; and

 

   

other political, diplomatic, social and economic policies or developments in or affecting Brazil.

Changes in, or uncertainties regarding the implementation of, the policies listed above could contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil, thereby increasing the volatility of the Brazilian securities market and the value of Brazilian securities traded abroad.

 

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The stability of the Brazilian real is affected by its relationship with the U.S. dollar, inflation and Brazilian Government policy regarding exchange rates. Our business could be adversely affected by any recurrence of volatility affecting our foreign currency-linked receivables and obligations.

The Brazilian currency has experienced high degrees of volatility in the past. Although the real appreciated against the U.S. dollar in 2005, 2006 and 2007, the real experienced a significant degree of fluctuation in 2008, ranging from R$1.559 to U.S.$1.00 to R$2.500 to U.S.$1.00, and ended the year at R$2.337 to U.S.$1.00, which represents a material depreciation from the average for the year of R$1.837 to U.S.$1.00 and the Brazilian currency has historically suffered frequent devaluations or depreciations. Although over the longer term devaluations or depreciations of the Brazilian currency are generally correlated with the rate of inflation in Brazil, depreciations of the Brazilian currency over shorter periods of time have resulted in significant fluctuations in the value of the Brazilian currency. The relationship of Brazil’s currency to the value of the U.S. dollar, relative rates of devaluation or depreciation of Brazil’s currency and prevailing rates of inflation have affected, and may in the future affect our financial results.

The real may not maintain its current value or the Brazilian Government may implement foreign currency control mechanisms. Any governmental interference with the exchange rate, or the implementation of exchange control mechanisms, could lead to a depreciation of the real, which could reduce the value of our receivables and make our foreign currency-linked obligations more expensive. Other than in respect of our revenues and receivables denominated in U.S. dollars, such devaluation could materially adversely affect our business, operations or prospects.

Inflation, and the Brazilian Government’s measures to curb inflation, may contribute significantly to economic uncertainty in Brazil and materially adversely impact our operating results.

Brazil has historically experienced high rates of inflation. Inflation and some of the Brazilian Government’s measures taken in an attempt to curb inflation have had significant negative effects on the Brazilian economy generally. Inflation, policies adopted to contain inflationary pressures and uncertainties regarding possible future governmental intervention have contributed to economic uncertainty.

Since the introduction of the real in 1994, Brazil’s inflation rate has been substantially lower than in previous periods. However, inflationary pressures persist. According to the Índice Geral de Preços-Mercado (General Market Inflation Index, or IGP-M), Brazilian general market inflation rates were 3.8% in 2006, 7.75% in 2007 and 9.81% in 2008. According to the Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (Consumer Price Index, or IPCA), Brazilian price inflation rates were 3.1% in 2006, 4.5% in 2007 and 5.9% in 2008.

If Brazil were to experience high levels of inflation in the future, inflationary cost pressures may lead to further government intervention, including the introduction of policies that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The market value of securities issued by Brazilian companies is influenced by the perception of risk in Brazil and by the risk of other emerging economies.

Adverse events in the Brazilian economy and in market conditions of other emerging markets, especially in Latin America, may adversely affect the market prices of securities issued by Brazilian companies. Even if economic conditions in these countries differ considerably from economic conditions prevailing in Brazil, investors’ reactions to events in those countries may have a negative effect on the market prices of securities of Brazilian issuers. As a consequence of economic problems in various emerging market countries in recent years (such as the financial crisis in Argentina that began in 2001), investors have tended to examine investments in emerging markets with heightened caution. These crises could result in Brazilian companies facing higher costs for raising funds, thereby impeding access to capital markets. Recently, emerging market indices declined because of global economic uncertainty and indications of inflationary pressures in the United States. The Brazilian economy is affected by general global economic conditions, especially those in the United States (including the levels of U.S. interest rates and the behavior of major U.S. stock indices). There is no guarantee that international capital markets will remain open to Brazilian companies or that the costs of financing in such markets will be advantageous for us.

 

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These factors could affect the trading price of our common and preferred shares and ADSs and could make it more difficult for us to access capital markets and finance future operations.

Risks Relating to the Brazilian Power Industry

We cannot predict whether the constitutionality of the Electricity Regulatory Law will be upheld; if it is not, we may face both uncertainty and costs in re-aligning our business.

In 2004, the Brazilian Government enacted the Electricity Regulatory Law, a far-reaching piece of legislation that provides the framework for regulation of the electricity sector in Brazil. We have aligned our business within this framework. However, the constitutionality of the Electricity Regulatory Law is being challenged in the Brazilian Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has not yet issued a final ruling in this case although it recently agreed to deny a request to suspend the effectiveness of the Electricity Regulatory Law while the challenge is pending. If the Supreme Court were to hold that the Electricity Regulatory Law is unconstitutional, this would result in significant uncertainty in Brazil as to the appropriate regulatory framework for the electricity sector, which could materially adversely affect the operation of our business. Moreover, we have no way of predicting the terms of any alternative framework for the regulation of electricity in Brazil. We would likely face costs in re-aligning our business to meet the requirements of any such framework, which would materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be penalized by ANEEL for failing to comply with the terms of our concession agreements and we may not recover the full value of our investment in the event that any of our concession agreements are terminated.

ANEEL may impose penalties on us in the event that we fail to comply with any provision of our concession agreements. Depending on the extent of the non-compliance, these penalties could include substantial fines (in some cases up to two per cent of our gross revenues in the fiscal year immediately preceding the assessment) and restrictions on our operations. ANEEL may also terminate our concessions prior to their due date in the event that we fail to comply with their provisions, are declared bankrupt or are dissolved, or in the event that ANEEL determines that such termination would serve the public interest (see “Item 4.B, Business Overview—Generation—Concessions”).

We believe that we are currently in compliance with all material terms of our concession agreements. However, we cannot assure you that we will not be penalized by ANEEL for a future breach of our concession agreements or that our concessions will not be terminated in the future. In the event that ANEEL were to terminate any of our concessions before their expiration date, the compensation we recover for the unamortized portion of our investment may not be sufficient for us to recover the full value of our investment and, accordingly, could have a material adverse affect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to safety, health and environmental laws and regulations that may become more stringent in the future and may result in increased liabilities and increased capital expenditures.

Our operations are subject to comprehensive federal, state and local safety, health and environmental legislation as well as supervision by agencies of the Brazilian Government that are responsible for the implementation of such laws. Among other things, these laws require us to obtain environmental licenses for the construction of new facilities or the installation and operation of new equipment required for our business. The rules are complex and may change over time, making our ability to comply with the applicable requirements more difficult or even impossible, thereby precluding our continuing or future generation, distribution and transmission operations. For example, the Ministry of Environment required us to fulfil 33 steps related to health and safety and environment in order to receive a permit for operation of our Madeira river project. We see increasing health and safety requirements as a trend in our industry. Moreover, private individuals, non-governmental organizations and the public have certain rights to commence legal proceedings to obtain injunctions to suspend or cancel the licensing process. In addition, Brazilian Government agencies could take enforcement action against us for any failure to comply with applicable laws. Such enforcement action could include, among other things, the imposition of fines, revocation of licenses and suspension of operations. Such failures may also result in criminal liability, irrespective of our strict liability to perform environmental remediation and to indemnify third parties for environmental damage. We cannot accurately predict the effect that compliance with enhanced environmental, health or safety regulations may have on our business. If we do not secure the appropriate permits, our growth strategy will be significantly adversely affected, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.

 

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Environmental regulations require us to perform environmental impact studies on future projects and obtain regulatory permits.

We must conduct environmental impact studies and obtain regulatory permits for our current and future projects. We cannot assure you that these environmental impact studies will be approved by the Brazilian Government, that public opposition will not result in delays or modifications to any proposed project or that laws or regulations will not change or be interpreted in a manner that could materially adversely affect our operations or plans for the projects in which we have an investment. We believe that concern for environmental protection is an increasing trend in our industry. Changes in environmental regulations, or changes in the policy of enforcement of existing environmental regulations, could materially adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition by delaying the implementation of electricity projects, increasing the costs of expansion, or subjecting us to regulatory fines for non-compliance with environmental regulations.

We are affected by hydrological conditions and if the poor hydrological conditions of recent years were to recur, our results of operations would be affected as non-hydrological sources of generation were used.

Prevailing hydrological conditions could adversely affect our operations in a number of different ways, not all of which we can predict. For example, hydrological conditions that result in a low supply of electricity in Brazil could cause, among other things, the implementation of broad electricity conservation programs, including mandatory reductions in electricity generation or consumption. The most recent period of extremely low rainfall in a large portion of Brazil was in the years immediately prior to 2001, and as a result, the Brazilian Government instituted a program to reduce electricity consumption from June 1, 2001 to February 28, 2002. A recurrence of unfavorable hydrological conditions that result in a reduced supply of electricity to the Brazilian market could cause, among other things, the implementation of broad electricity conservation programs, including mandated reductions in electricity consumption. Hydrological conditions in late 2007 and early 2008 have been poor, particularly impacting reservoir levels in the northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil. A prolonged continuation of these poor conditions could lead to a greater usage of other sources of generation of electricity and the implementation of broad electricity conservation programs, including mandated reductions in electricity. In the event of electricity shortages, the Brazilian Government typically mandates increased production from thermal plants that use fossil fuel as their generation sources. Although we have thermal facilities, hydroelectric facilities are the most significant component of our generation business and, accordingly, we are particularly affected when hydrological conditions are poor. Our generation capacity could also be affected by events such as floods which might do damage to our installations. This may in turn materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Construction, expansion and operation of our electricity generation, transmission and distribution facilities and equipment involve significant risks that could lead to lost revenues or increased expenses.

The construction, expansion and operation of facilities and equipment for the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity involves many risks, including:

 

   

the inability to obtain required governmental permits and approvals;

 

   

the unavailability of equipment;

 

   

supply interruptions;

 

   

work stoppages;

 

   

labor unrest;

 

   

social unrest;

 

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interruptions by weather and hydrological conditions;

 

   

unforeseen engineering and environmental problems;

 

   

increases in electricity losses, including technical and commercial losses;

 

   

construction and operational delays, or unanticipated cost overruns; and

 

   

the unavailability of adequate funding.

If we experience any of these or other problems, we may not be able to generate, transmit and distribute electricity in amounts consistent with our projections, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We do not have insurance for some of these risks, including certain weather risks.

We are strictly liable for any damages resulting from inadequate supply of electricity to distribution companies, and our contracted insurance policies may not fully cover such damages.

Under Brazilian law, we are strictly liable for direct and indirect damages resulting from the inadequate supply of electricity to distribution companies, such as abrupt interruptions or disturbances arising from the generation, distribution or transmission systems. Accordingly, we may be held liable for such damages even if we were not at fault. As a result of the inherent uncertainty involved in these matters, we do not maintain any provisions in relation to potential damage, and these interruptions or disturbances may not covered by our insurance policies or may exceed the coverage limits of such policies. Accordingly, if we are found liable to pay damages in a material amount, our financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected to a greater degree than those claims where we have recorded provisions.

We do not have an established history of preparing U.S. GAAP financial statements and we lack in-depth internal expertise on U.S. GAAP.

Historically, our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting practices adopted in Brazil, the accounting standards issued by the Instituto dos Auditores Independentes do Brasil (or Brazilian Institute of Independent Accountants) and the standards and procedures of the CVM. We do not have U.S. GAAP financial data for any period prior to the year ended December 31, 2004.

As a result, we currently lack in-depth internal expertise with U.S. GAAP. At the date of this annual report, we use a third party consultancy firm to assist us in preparing U.S. GAAP financial statements. If we are unable to develop this expertise internally or through external hires, we may face challenges in certain areas such as making the assessments required by U.S. GAAP in consolidating the results of our operating subsidiaries. Although we plan to train and/or hire personnel with U.S. GAAP expertise following our listing on The New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE), we cannot give any assurances as to whether we will be successful in training, hiring and retaining the appropriate personnel. If we are unable to train, hire and retain the appropriate personnel, our ability to prepare U.S. GAAP financial statements in a consistent and timely manner might be jeopardized.

Risks Relating to our Shares and ADSs

You may not receive unpaid dividends.

We have only partially paid accrued dividends for the years 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1996 and 1998 in respect of the common shares. The amount of the unpaid portion of these dividends was originally R$887 million, but following adjustment for inflation using the Selic rate, we currently record approximately R$9.3 billion on our balance sheet (at December 31, 2008) as “Shareholders’ remuneration and dividends”. This amount is not due to individual shareholders until the dividend is paid, which has not yet happened. If a dividend is paid, our then current shareholders will be entitled to receive it. Under Brazilian corporate law, there is no date by which these dividends must be paid. This is a widely accepted interpretation of Brazilian corporate law. However, we cannot assure you that this interpretation may not be challenged in the future by the CVM or by former or minority

 

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shareholders. Our management continues to consider this issue but, if they do not declare a payment date for these dividends, the holders of our common shares (and our related ADSs) will not receive them. Dividends for the years after 1998 have been declared and paid to our shareholders. We may receive adverse publicity in relation to these unpaid dividends and may be subject to litigation from former shareholders demanding payment.

If you hold our preferred shares, you will have extremely limited voting rights.

In accordance with the Brazilian Corporate Law and our by-laws, holders of the preferred shares, and, by extension, holders of the ADSs representing them, are not entitled to vote at our shareholders’ meetings, except in very limited circumstances. This means, among other things, that a preferred shareholder is not entitled to vote on corporate transactions, including mergers or consolidations with other companies. Our principal shareholder, who holds the majority of common shares with voting rights and controls us, is therefore able to approve corporate measures without the approval of holders of our preferred shares. Accordingly, an investment in our preferred shares is not suitable for you if voting rights are an important consideration in your investment decision.

Exercise of voting rights with respect to common and preferred shares involves additional procedural steps.

When holders of common shares are entitled to vote, and in the limited circumstances where the holders of preferred shares are able to vote, holders may exercise voting rights with respect to the shares represented by ADSs only in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement relating to the ADSs. There are no provisions under Brazilian law or under our by-laws that limit ADS holders’ ability to exercise their voting rights through the depositary bank with respect to the underlying shares. However, there are practical limitations upon the ability of ADS holders to exercise their voting rights due to the additional procedural steps involved in communicating with such holders. For example, holders of our shares will receive notice directly from us and will be able to exercise their voting rights by either attending the meeting in person or voting by proxy. ADS holders, by comparison, will not receive notice directly from us. Rather, in accordance with the deposit agreement, we will provide the notice to the depositary bank, which will in turn, as soon as practicable thereafter, mail to holders of ADSs the notice of such meeting and a statement as to the manner in which instructions may be given by holders. To exercise their voting rights, ADS holders must then instruct the depositary bank how to vote their shares. Because of this extra procedural step involving the depositary bank, the process for exercising voting rights will take longer for ADS holders than for holders of shares. ADSs for which the depositary bank does not receive timely voting instructions will not be voted at any meeting.

If we issue new shares or our shareholders sell shares in the future, the market price of your ADSs may be reduced.

Sales of a substantial number of shares, or the belief that this may occur, could decrease the prevailing market price of our common and preferred shares and ADSs by diluting the shares’ value. If we issue new shares or our existing shareholders sell shares they hold, the market price of our common and preferred shares, and of the ADSs, may decrease significantly. Such issuances and sales also might make it more difficult for us to issue shares or ADSs in the future at a time and a price that we deem appropriate and for you to sell your securities at or above the price you paid for them.

Exchange controls and restrictions on remittances abroad may adversely affect holders of ADSs.

You may be adversely affected by the imposition of restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors of the proceeds of their investments in Brazil and the conversion of reais into foreign currencies. The Brazilian Government imposed remittance restrictions for approximately three months in late 1989 and early 1990. Restrictions like these would hinder or prevent the conversion of dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of our shares, as the case may be, from reais into U.S. dollars and the remittance of the U.S. dollars abroad. We cannot assure you that the Brazilian Government will not take similar measures in the future.

 

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Exchanging ADSs for the underlying shares may have unfavorable consequences.

As an ADS holder, you benefit from the electronic certificate of foreign capital registration obtained by the custodian for our preferred shares underlying the ADSs in Brazil, which permits the custodian to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to the preferred shares into non-Brazilian currency and remit the proceeds abroad. If you surrender your ADSs and withdraw preferred shares, you will be entitled to continue to rely on the custodian’s electronic certificate of foreign capital registration for only five business days from the date of withdrawal. Thereafter, upon the disposition of or distributions relating to the preferred shares unless you obtain your own electronic certificate of foreign capital registration or you qualify under Brazilian foreign investment regulations that entitle some foreign investors to buy and sell shares on Brazilian stock exchanges without obtaining separate electronic certificates of foreign capital registration you would not be able to remit abroad non-Brazilian currency. In addition, if you do not qualify under the foreign investment regulations you will generally be subject to less favorable tax treatment of dividends and distributions on, and the proceeds from any sale of, our preferred shares.

If you attempt to obtain your own electronic certificate of foreign capital registration, you may incur expenses or suffer delays in the application process, which could delay your ability to receive dividends or distributions relating to our preferred shares or the return of your capital in a timely manner. The depositary’s electronic certificate of foreign capital registration may also be adversely affected by future legislative changes.

The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Brazilian securities market may adversely affect you.

The Brazilian securities market is substantially smaller, less liquid, more concentrated and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. This may substantially limit your ability to sell the common or preferred shares underlying your ADSs at a price and time at which you wish to do so. The BM&FBOVESPA S.A. - Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros (the São Paulo Stock Exchange or BM&FBOVESPA), the only stock exchange in Brazil upon which shares are traded, had a market capitalization of approximately U.S.$588 billion as of December 31, 2008 and an average daily trading volume of approximately U.S.$2.8 billion in the same period, compared to a market capitalization of approximately U.S.$14.3 trillion as of December 31, 2008 and an average daily trading volume of approximately U.S.$82 billion in the same period on the NYSE.

There is also significantly greater concentration in the Brazilian securities market than in major securities markets in the United States. The top ten stocks in terms of trading volume accounted for approximately 53.14% of all shares traded on the BM&FBOVESPA in 2008.

You may receive reduced dividend payments if our net income does not reach certain levels.

Under the Corporate Law and our by-laws, we must pay our shareholders a mandatory distribution equal to at least 25% of our adjusted net income for the preceding fiscal year, with holders of preferred shares having priority of payment. Our by-laws require us to pay holders of our preferred shares annual dividends equal to the greater of 8% (in the case of our class “A” preferred shares) and 6% (in the case of our class “B” preferred shares). Our by-laws do not provide that we must pay any minimum dividend to holders of our ordinary shares. If our net income is negative or insufficient in a fiscal year, our management may recommend at the annual shareholders’ meeting in respect of that year that the payment of the mandatory dividend should not be made.

You may not be able to exercise preemptive rights with respect to the preferred or common shares.

You may not be able to exercise the preemptive rights relating to the preferred or common shares underlying your ADSs unless a registration statement under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, is effective with respect to those rights or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. We are not obligated to file a registration statement with respect to the shares relating to these preemptive rights, and we cannot assure you that we will file any such registration statement. Unless we file a registration statement or an exemption from registration applies, you may receive only the net proceeds from the sale of your preemptive rights by the depositary or, if the preemptive rights cannot be sold, they will be allowed to lapse and accordingly your ownership position relating to the preferred or common shares will be diluted.

 

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Changes in Brazilian tax laws may have an adverse impact on the taxes applicable to a disposition of our shares or ADSs.

Law No. 10,833 of December 29, 2003 provides that the disposition of assets located in Brazil by a non-resident to either a Brazilian resident or a non-resident is subject to taxation in Brazil, regardless of whether the disposition occurs outside or within Brazil. This provision results in the imposition of income tax on the gains arising from a disposition of our common or preferred shares by a non-resident of Brazil to another non-resident of Brazil. There is no judicial guidance as to the application of Law No. 10,833 of December 29, 2003 and, accordingly, we are unable to predict whether Brazilian courts may decide that it applies to dispositions of our ADSs between non-residents of Brazil. However, in the event that the disposition of assets is interpreted to include a disposition of our ADSs, this tax law would accordingly result in the imposition of withholding taxes on the disposition of our ADSs by a non-resident of Brazil to another non-resident of Brazil.

Because any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Item 10.E, Taxation—Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences”) will generally be treated as a U.S. source gain or loss unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on the other income treated as derived from foreign sources, such U.S. Holder would not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Brazilian tax imposed on the disposition of our common or preferred shares or our ADSs.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Overview

Directly and through our subsidiaries, we are involved in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Brazil. At December 31, 2008, we control approximately 38% of the installed power generating capacity within Brazil. Through our subsidiaries, we are also responsible for approximately 59.5% of the installed transmission capacity above 230 kV in Brazil. Our revenues principally derive from:

 

   

the generation of electricity and its sale to electricity distribution companies and free consumers;

 

   

the transmission of electricity on behalf of other electricity concessionaires;

 

   

the distribution of electricity to end consumers; and

 

   

financial revenues derived from debt service payments received from Itaipu.

For the year ended December 31, 2008, we derived 76.1%, 14.8% and 7.8% of our net revenue from our electricity generation, transmission and distribution on businesses, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2008, our net revenues were R$30,105 million, compared to R$25,160 million and R$21,984 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively.

A. History and Development

General

We were established on June 11, 1962 as a mixed capital company with limited liability and unlimited duration. We are subject to Brazilian Corporate Law. Our executive offices are located at Avenida Presidente Vargas, 409, 13th Floor, Edifício Herm. Stolz, CEP 20071-003 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Our telephone number is +55 21 2514 6331. Our legal name is Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás and our commercial name is Eletrobrás.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditure in 2008, 2007 and 2006 was R$3,878.1 million, R$3,104.3 million and R$3,203.9 million, respectively. The following table shows capital expenditures with respect to generation, transmission and distribution activities.

 

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Period

   Capital Expenditure
         Generation          Transmission        Distribution          Other(1)              Total      
               (R$ millions)          

Year ended December 31, 2008

   2,018.8    1,190.2    383.8    285.2    3,878.1

Year ended December 31, 2007

   1,284.3    1,287.9    331.8    200.3    3,104.3

Year ended December 31, 2006

   1,163.9    1,520.7    327.2    192.1    3,203.9

 

(1)

Environment, research and infrastructure.

 

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The following table shows capital expenditures by reference to specific projects over the same periods.

 

     Year ended December 31,

Principal Capital Expenditure Projects

   2008    2007    2006
     (R$ millions)

Generation

        

Upgrading HPU Furnas – Furnas

   61.4          45.3          72.2      

Upgrading HPU Luiz Carlos Barreto – Furnas

   73.2          92.1          157.5      

TPU Santa Cruz – Furnas

   3.1          —             39.0      

Angra I, II and III – Eletronuclear

   283.6          222.3          246.5      

TPU Camaçari – Chesf

   0.013      —             8.2      

Expansion HPU Tucuruí First/Second Phases – Eletronorte

   20.4          77.2          231.3      

Irrigation of lots at Itaparica

   134.1          —             —         

Irrigation of lots at Luiz Gonzaga Powerplant – Chesf

   —             109.5          148.8      

Implementation of Belo Monte Plant – Eletronorte

   —             —             —         

Implementation of HPU Simplício Complex

   491.2          265.3          —         

Implementation of HPU Batalhas (former Paulistas)

   95.8          18.4          —         

Implementation of TPU Candiota III.

   389.6          126.8          —         

Implementation of HPU São Bernardo Complex

   4.9          3.1          —         

Implementation of HPU Passo São João Complex

   124.8          27.1          —         

Implementation of steam generators from TPU Angra I

   4.6          76.4          —         

Implementation of Mauá Powerplant and associated systems

   43.4          —             —         

Expansion Thermal Generation Capacity in Manaus

   92.2          —             —         

Other

   196.5          220.8          260.4      
              

Total

       2,018.8              1,284.3              1,163.9      
              

Transmission

        

Improvement of the transmission system RJ/ES

   61.5          52.8          93.4      

Improvement of the transmission system SP/MG

   81.7          28.4          97.7      

Improvement of the transmission system GO/MT/DF

   24.3          82.8          125.5      

Transmission system maintenance RJ

   —             —             75.6      

Transmission system maintenance (Furnas)

   68.6          —             —         

Northeast Transmission system maintenance

   74.5          —             —         

Implementation of the transmission system Ouro Preto/Vitória

   —             —             —         

Implementation of the Northeast System

   —             234.9          225.3      

Improvement of the Northeast transmission System

   153.9          —             —         

Implementation of the Northern transmission System

   91.5          —             —         

Expansion of the Northeast System

   118.7          61.4          78.1      

Expansion of the Southern System

   153.6          228.1          268.9      

Expansion of the transmission system HPU Tucuruí/MA

   30.7          61.9          70.4      

Expansion of the transmission system AC/RO

   —             128.4          170.6      

Transmission system in Pará/Tucuruí

   —             77.2          54.8      

Mato Grosso system

   4.1          —             47.9      

Interconnection Brazil/Uruguai – Rivera

   —             —             0.9      

Implementation of the transmission system Tijuco Preto Itapeti-northeastern – SP

   14.5          35.3          —         

Other

   312.3          296.7          211.6      
              

Total

   1,190.2          1,287.9          1,520.7      
              

Distribution

        

“Luz para Todos” program

   208.5          224.8          253.0      

Other

   175.3          107.0          74.2      
              

Total

   383.8          331.8          327.2      
              

Other

        

Environmental quality

   29.7          9.0          24.3      

Research

   28.1          18.3          13.2      

Infrastructure

   227.3          173.0          154.6      
              

Total

   285.2          200.3          192.1      
              

Total

   3,878.1          3,104.3          3,203.9      
              

 

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B. Business Overview

Strategy

Our principal strategic objectives are to achieve sustained growth and profitability, while maintaining our position as a leader in the Brazilian electricity sector. In order to achieve these objectives, our principal strategies are as follows:

 

   

expand and improve efficiency in our core business lines of generation, transmission and distribution. Our business has historically been focused on both our core operations in the Brazilian generation, transmission and distribution markets and on our former role as lender to third parties, including historically to our subsidiaries. Since the advent of privatization in our industry, the opportunities to consolidate our role as lender have diminished because many of our former subsidiaries were privatized and we are no longer permitted to act as lender to those companies or any other third party. Accordingly, we have adopted a strategy of focusing on our core operations of generation, transmission and distribution. This involves particular focus on maximizing opportunities arising from the auction process, set out in the Electricity Regulatory Law, for sales of electricity to distribution companies. By focusing on generation, transmission and distribution, we believe that we will be able to maximize profits by improving efficiency in our existing infrastructure and capitalizing on opportunities arising from new infrastructure such as new power units and transmission lines. Our recently-adopted Programa de Ações Estratégicas do Sistema Eletrobrás (Strategic Action Program or PAE) for 2009 - 2012, includes the strategic target of adding 34,675 MW of generation capacity and 10,386km of transmission lines to the Interconnected power system by 2012;

 

   

with respect to distribution, we adopted a renewed strategy in 2008 for management of the distribution companies and are seeking to continue to improve their operational efficiency;

 

   

enhance the value of our brand by maintaining high corporate governance standards, including our listing on BM&FBOVESPA’s Level 1, the registration with the SEC and listing on the NYSE. We have listed on and are currently in compliance with the requirements of BM&FBOVESPA’s Level 1 segment, which establishes corporate governance standards that we must comply with (see “Item 9.C, The Offer and Listing—Markets”). We believe that improving our corporate governance standards yet further is a key component of our overall objectives to achieve growth, profitability and market share because of the positive effect these standards have for our brand, both domestically and internationally. As part of this, we have already begun the process of establishing the controls and procedures required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. In addition, we have signed up to the United Nations Global Compact, the world’s largest corporate responsibility initiative, we are members of the BM&FBOVESPA’s ISE Corporate Sustainability Index and aim to achieve membership of Dow Jones Sustainability Index. We believe that both membership of these initiatives and registration with organizations that are known to have governance standards that are among the most stringent in the world will enable us to significantly raise our global profile. Our PAE includes the strategic target of complying with the corporate governance standards of the more stringent Level 2 segment of the BM&FBOVESPA by 2012. We are aiming to construct a competitive company that emphasizes social and environmental responsibility together with development and quality of life for our employees. In order to maintain our present market share, we are continually focused on improving the performance of our investments including by diversifying our portfolio of equity investments, restructuring our subsidiaries and expanding into international markets; and

 

   

selectively, identify growth opportunities in certain international markets. In accordance with our PAE, we are currently conducting feasibility studies for investments in countries that neighbor Brazil, among others, Argentina and Peru, for hydroelectric power plants to generate up to 18,000 MW and for up to 11,000 km of transmission lines. Our strategic aim is to generate new energy that can be added to the Interconnected power system and to integrate certain electrical

 

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power systems in the Americas. In order that we can achieve sustained growth, we believe that certain international electricity markets offer opportunities and we plan to selectively identify opportunities these markets for the future. We believe that our registration with the SEC and listing on the NYSE is a key component of this strategy because of the positive effect we believe it will have on our perception among potential business partners and investors in the United States and elsewhere.

Generation

Our principal activity is the generation of electricity. Net revenues (including financial revenues at holding company level) from generation represented 76.1%, 71.4% and 69.6% of our total net revenues in the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Through our subsidiaries and Itaipu we control approximately 38.4% of Brazil’s total installed generation capacity. Including Itaipu, our power plants generated 50.5%, 52.3% and 57.6% of the total electricity generated in Brazil in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Pursuant to Law No. 5,899, of July 5, 1993, and Decree 4,550, of December 27, 2002, Eletrobrás must sell all energy produced by Itaipu to distribution companies in the Southern, Southeastern and Midwestern regions in Brazil (see “Item 5., Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Principal Factors Affecting our Financial Performance—Itaipu”).

We had an installed capacity of 39,402 MW at December 31, 2008, 38,567 MW at December 31, 2007 and 37,221 MW at December 31, 2006. The increase in capacity over these periods reflects continuous growth. At December 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 Brazil had an installed capacity in the Interconnected power system of 92,495 MW, 89,792 MW and 87,002 MW, of which approximately, 81%, 82% and 84% was hydroelectric, respectively.

 

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Concessions

We operate under the following concessions granted by ANEEL for our generation businesses:

 

Concessions(1)

  

State

  

Type of Plant

   Installed
Capacity
(MW)
   End of
Concession
  

Began Service

CGTEE

              

São Jerônimo

       Rio Grande do Sul    Thermal    20.00        July 7, 2015    April 1953

Presidente Médici

   Rio Grande do Sul    Thermal    446.00        July 7, 2015    January 1974

Nutepa

   Rio Grande do Sul    Thermal    24.00        July 7, 2015    February 1968

Chesf

              

Funil(2)

   Bahia        Hydroelectric    30.00        July 7, 2015    March 1962

Pedra(2)

   Bahia    Hydroelectric    20.00        July 7, 2015    April 1978

Araras

   Ceará    Hydroelectric    4.00        July 7, 2015    February 1967

Curemas

   Bahia    Hydroelectric    3.52        November 25,
2024
   January 1957

Paulo Afonso Complex and Moxotó (Apolônio Sales)

   Bahia    Hydroelectric            4,280.00        October 2, 2015    January 1955

Sobradinho

   Bahia    Hydroelectric    1,050.30            February 9, 2022    April 1979

Luiz Gonzaga

   Pernambuco    Hydroelectric    1,479.60        October 3, 2015        February 1988

Boa Esperança

   Piauí/Maranhão    Hydroelectric    237.30        October 10, 2015    January 1970

Xingó

   Sergipe/Alagoas    Hydroelectric    3,162.00        October 2, 2015    April 1994

Camaçari

   Bahia    Thermal    360.00        August 10, 2027    February 1979

Eletronorte

              

Rio Acre

   Acre    Thermal    45.49        Indefinite    April 1994

Rio Branco II

   Acre    Thermal    32.75        Indefinite    April 1981

Rio Branco I

   Acre    Thermal    18.65        Indefinite    February 1988

Electron (TG)

   Amazonas    Thermal    121.11        Indefinite    June 2005

Santana

   Amapá    Thermal    178.10        Indefinite    January 1993

Rio Madeira

   Rondônia    Thermal    119.35        Indefinite    April 1968

Coaracy Nunes

   Amapá    Hydroelectric    76.95        July 8, 2015    April 1975

Tucurui

   Pará    Hydroelectric    8,370.00        July 11, 2024    April 1984

Samuel(3)

   Rondônia    Hydroelectric    216.75        September 14,
2009
   March 1989

Curuá-Una(4)

   Pará    Hydroelectric    30.30        July 27, 2028   

December

2005(5)

Senador Arnon Paulo Alfonso de Mello

   Roraima    Thermal    85.92        Indefinite   

Eletronuclear(6)

              

Angra I

   Rio de Janeiro    Nuclear    657.00           January 1985

Angra II

   Rio de Janeiro    Nuclear    1,350.00           September 2000

Furnas

              

Corumbá I

   Goiás    Hydroelectric    375.00        November 29,
2014
   April 1997

Serra da Mesa(7)

   Goiás    Hydroelectric    1,275.00        May 7, 2011    April 1998

Furnas

   Minas Gerais    Hydroelectric    1,216.00        July 7, 2015    March 1963

Itumbiara

   Minas Gerais    Hydroelectric    2,082.00        February 26, 2020    February 1980

Marimbondo

   São Paulo    Hydroelectric    1,440.00        March 7, 2017    April 1975

Peixoto (Mascarenhas de Morais)

   Minas Gerais    Hydroelectric    476.00        October 31, 2023    April 1956

Porto Colômbia

   Minas Gerais    Hydroelectric    320.00        March 16, 2017    March 1973

Manso

   Mato Grosso    Hydroelectric    212.00        February 9, 2035    October 2000

 

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Table of Contents

Concessions(1)

  

State

  

Type of Plant

   Installed
Capacity
(MW)
   End of
Concession
  

Began Service

Funil(2)

       Rio de Janeiro        Hydroelectric    216.00        July 7, 2015    April 1969

Estreito

   São Paulo    Hydroelectric            1,050.00        July 7, 2015        January 1969

Campos(8)

   Rio de Janeiro    Thermal    30.00        July 27, 2007    April 1968

Santa Cruz

   Rio de Janeiro    Thermal    932.00        July 7, 2015    March 1967

Peixe Angical

   Tocantins    Hydroelectric    452.00            November 6, 2036    June 2006

Manaus Energia

              

Aparecida

               Amazonas    Thermal            192.00        Indefinite        February 1984

Mauá

               Amazonas    Thermal            467.60        Indefinite    April 1973

Balbina

               Amazonas        Hydroelectric            250.00                March 1, 2027    January 1989

 

(1)

Itaipu does not hold a concession. The Itaipu treaty is due to expire in 2023.

(2)

Approval for the renovation of the environmental licences of both Funil and Pedra has been requested but the licences have not yet been granted. However, this does not affect the operations at either plant.

(3)

On July 18, 2006, Eletronorte requested the renewal of its concession for Samuel but has not yet received a response from ANEEL. Eletronorte will continue operating the plant until it has received a response from ANEEL.

(4)

Eletronorte does not currently have an operating license in respect of Curuá-Una and is operating the plant under a temporary authorization granted by CEMA.

(5)

This plant was transferred from Celpa to Eletronorte in December 2005 as payment for outstanding debts owed by Celpa to Eletronorte relating to sales of energy.

(6)

The nuclear plants are authorized to operate for 40 years from the date on which they commenced operations. A few years prior to this due expiration date, each applicable nuclear energy company may request an extension of its respective permit from CNEN. In order to obtain an extension, CNEN may request the replacement of certain equipment. For example, in the case of Angra I, CNEN requested the replacement of a steam generator following our request to extend the permit by 20 years.

(7)

Pending ANEEL’s decision regarding Furnas’ request for renewal of May 5, 2008.

(8)

This plant is not operational.

Source: internal sources.

 

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Types of Plant

Hydroelectric power plants accounted for 92.1% of our total power generated in 2008, compared to 93.7% in 2007 and 93.2% in 2006.

We also generate electricity through our thermal and nuclear plants. Thermal plants accounted for 1.8% in 2008 of our total power generated in 2008, compared to 1.0% in 2007 and 1.1% in 2006. Nuclear plants accounted for 6.1% of our total power generated in 2008, compared to 5.3% in 2007 and 5.7% in 2006.

The following table sets out the total amount of electricity generated in the periods indicated, measured in megawatt hours, broken down by type of plant:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (MWh)

Type of plant:

        

Hydroelectric(1)

   211,485,963          218,305,510          224,961,642      

Thermal

   4,128,403          2,440,890          2,732,974      

Nuclear

   14,003,775          12,365,398          13,769,410      
              

Total

       229,618,141              233,111,798              241,464,026      
              

 

(1)

Including Itaipu

Hydroelectric Plants

Hydroelectric plants are our most cost-efficient source of electricity, although efficiency is significantly dependent on meteorological factors, such as the level of rainfall. Based on our experience with both types of plant, we believe construction costs for hydroelectric plants are higher than for thermal plants; however, the average useful life of hydroelectric plants is longer. We use our hydro-powered plants to provide the bulk of our primary and back-up electricity generated during peak periods of high demand. During periods of rapid change in supply and demand, hydroelectric plants also provide greater production flexibility than our other forms of electric generation because we are able to instantly increase (or decrease) output from these sources, in contrast to thermal or nuclear facilities where there is a time lag while output is adjusted.

At December 31, 2008, we owned and operated 29 hydroelectric plants; in addition, we hold a 50% interest in Itaipu, the other 50% of which is owned by a Paraguayan governmental entity. The ONS is solely responsible for determining, in any year, how much electricity each of our plants should generate. At December 31, 2008, the total

 

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installed capacity of our hydroelectric plants was 32,402 MW (excluding Itaipu which is equally owned by Brazil and Paraguay). The following tables sets out information with respect to hydroelectric plants owned by us at December 31, 2008 and for the year then ended:

 

     Installed(1)
Capacity
   Assured
Energy(2)
       Began Service    
     (MW)     

Hydroelectric plants:

        

Curuá-Una(3)

   30            24            —            

Peixoto (Mascarenhas de Morais)

   476            295            1956            

Curemas

   3,520            2            1957            

Paulo Afonso complex and Moxotó

   4,279            2,225            1957            

Funil (Chesf)

   30            15.50            1962            

Furnas

   1,216            598            1963            

Araras

   4            2            1967            

Funil (Furnas)

   216            121            1969            

Estreito

   1,050            495            1969            

Boa Esperança

   237.3            143            1970            

Porto Colômbia

   320            185            1973            

Coaracy Nunes(3)

   76.95            —            1975            

Marimbondo

   1,440            726            1975            

Pedra

   20            7.20            1978            

Sobradinho

   1,050            531            1979            

Luiz Gonzaga

   1,479            959            1979            

Itumbiara

   2,082            1,015            1980            

Tucurui complex

   8,370            4,140            1984            

Samuel(3)

   216.75            —            1989            

Balbina(3)

   250            —            1989            

Xingó

   3,162            2,139            1994            

Corumbá I

   375            209            1997            

Serra da Mesa(4)

   1,275            671            1998            

Manso(4)

   212            92            2000            

Peixe Angical(5)

   452            271            2006            
            

Total

       28,323                14,866           
            

 

(1)

The installed capacity of Itaipu is 14,000 MW. Itaipu is equally owned by Brazil and Paraguay.

(2)

Assured energy is the maximum amount per year that each plant is permitted to sell in auctions/supply to the Interconnected power system, an amount determined by ONS. Any energy produced in excess of assured energy is sold in the Free Market.

(3)

The Balbina, Curuá-Una, Samuel and Coaracy plants are part of the isolated system and do not have an assured energy restriction.

(4)

We own 48.46% of the Serra Mesa plant and 70.0% of the Manso plant. Figures in this table refer to the entire capacity/utilization of each plant.

(5)

We own 40.0% of the Peixe Angical plant. Figures in this table refer to the entire capacity/utilization of the plant.

 

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Table of Contents

The following table describes the energy generated by the hydroelectric plants owned by us, the assured energy and the actual operational utilization. We have converted the measurement of the assured energy to MWh so that we can compare it against the energy generated.

 

     Assured Energy    Generated
Energy(1)
   Actual
Operational
Utilization
     (MWh)    (%)

Hydroelectric plants:

        

Funil (Chesf)

   135,780            72,874        53.7           

Pedra

   63,072            20,328        32.2           

Araras

   17,520            0        0           

Curemas

   17,520            8,000        45.7           

Paulo Afonso complex and Moxotó

   19,491,000            13,975,191        71.7           

Sobradinho

   4,651,560            3,120,304        67.1           

Luiz Gonzaga

   8,400,840            6,428,737        76.5           

Boa Esperança

   1,256,680            1,332,406        106.4           

Xingó

   18,737,640            15,721,603        83.9           

Coaracy Nunes(2)

   —            605,767        —              

Tucurui complex

   36,266,400            36,724,033        101.3           

Samuel(2)

   —            851,923        —              

Corumbá I

   1,830,840            1,921,916        105.0           

Curuá-Una(2)

   210,240            253,890        120.8           

Serra da Mesa(3)

   2,848,459            2,359,814        82.8           

Furnas

   5,238,480            5,157,418        98.5           

Itumbiara

   8,891,400            8,410,304        94.6           

Marimbondo

   6,359,760            6,784,942        106.7           

Peixoto (Mascarenhas de Morais)

   2,584,200            2,891,079        111.9           

Porto Colômbia

   1,620,600            2,059,262        127.1           

Manso(3)

   564,144            601,612        106.6           

Funil (Furnas)

   1,059,960            932,187        87.9           

Estreito

   4,336,200            4,068,821        93.8           

Peixe Angical(4)

   949,584            926,773        97.6           

Balbina(2)

   —            1,580,993        —              
              

Total

       125,531,879                116,810,177                93.1(5)        
              

 

(1)

Excluding Itaipu, which is owned equally by Brazil and Paraguay.

(2)

The Balbina, Curuá-Una, Samuel and Coaracy Nunes plants are part of the isolated system and do not have an assured energy restriction.

(3)

We own 48.46% of the Serra Mesa plant and 70.0% of the Manso plant. These quantities refer to our participation.

(4)

We own 40% of the Peixe Angical plant. This quantity refers to our participation.

(5)

This percentage is based on the average operational utilization.

See “—Concessions” for information on the hydroelectric power plants operated by Chesf, Eletronorte and Furnas.

Hydroelectric utilities in Brazil are required to pay royalty fees to the Brazilian states and municipalities in which a plant is located or in which land may have been flooded by a plant’s reservoir for the use of hydrological resources. Fees are established independently by each state and/or municipality as applicable and are based on the amount of energy generated by each utility and are paid directly to the states and municipalities. Fees for the states and municipalities in which we operate were R$1,722 million in 2008, compared to R$1,678 million in 2007 and R$1,795 million in 2006. These fees are recorded as operating costs in our financial statements.

 

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Within the past two years, our subsidiaries have acquired concessions for the construction of 19 new hydroelectric power plants, information on which is set out in the table below:

 

     Installed Capacity    Investment    Construction
begins or began
   Service begins(1)
     (MW)    (R$ millions)          

New plants:

           

Coxilha Rica

   18            58.8            April 2008        November 2009

Santo Cristo

   19.5            65.5            April 2008    November 2009

São Mateus

   19            73.0            July 2008    December 2009

Antoninha

   13            49.1            July 2008    December 2009

Malacara

   9.2            36.1            July 2008    December 2009

Gamba

   10.8            40.7            July 2008    December 2009

Barra do Rio Chapéu

   15            48.8            April 2007    November 2008

Pinheiro

   10            36.3            July 2007    November 2008

João Borges

   19            51.1            July 2007    November 2008

Itararé

   9            27.8            July 2007    November 2008

Passo São João

   77.1            272.0            April 2007    June 2009

Mauá

   361            950.0            September 2007    January 2010

Dardanelos

   261.0            700.0            March 2007    December 2010

Batalha

   52.5            399.3            March 2007    June 2009

Simplício

   337.7            1,305.1            March 2007    November 2010

Baguari

   140.0            487.5            March 2006    September 2009

São Domingos

   48            200            January 2009    January 2012

Santo Antônio

   3,150            12,198            October 2008    May 2012

Jirau

   3,300            10,000                Awaiting License    January 2013

 

(1)

Estimated dates based on current timetable.

HPU Baguari will be operated by Furnas and a third party. HPU Simplício and Paulistas (Batalha) will be operated only by Furnas. Dardanelos will be operated by our subsidiaries Chesf and Eletronorte in association with partners (see “—Lending and Financing Activities—Equity Participation”).

The other new plants will be operated solely by our subsidiary Eletrosul other than the Mauá plant, which will be jointly operated by our subsidiary Eletrosul and by Companhia Paranaense de Energia S.A. – Copel, a third party. We intend to finance these plants from cashflow from operations, and, if necessary, from financing obtained in the international capital markets and/or multilateral agencies.

 

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Table of Contents

Thermal Plants

At December 31, 2008, we owned and operated 15 thermal plants. Thermal plants include coal and oil power generation units. The total installed capacity of our thermal plants was 3,061 MW at December 31, 2008, compared to 2,406 MW at December 31, 2007 and 2,707 MW at December 31, 2006.

The following table sets out information regarding our thermal plants at December 31, 2008 and for the year ended:

 

     Installed
Capacity
   Generated
Energy
   Assured
Energy(1)
     (MW)    (MWh)    (MWh)

Thermal plants:

        

P. Médici (Candiota)

   446.00                926,079,145                        2,203,140            

S. Jerônimo (Candiota)

   20.00                42,713,879                110,376            

Nutepa (Candiota)

   24.00                1,330,454                53,436            

Santa Cruz

   932.00                136,845                4,344,960            

Campos

   30.00                37,696                183,960            

Camaçari

   350.00                562,521                —            

Electron

   120.00                0                —            

Rio Madeira

   119.35                24,774                —            

Santana

   178.10                446,035                —            

Rio Branco I

   18.60                239                —            

Rio Branco II

   31.80                1,898                —            

Rio Acre

   45.49                7,599                —            

Mauá

   467.60                1,536,061                —            

Senador Arnon Farias de Mello

   85.92                —                —            

Aparecida

   192.00                404,611                —            

Total

               3060.86                    973,281,758                6,895,872            

 

(1)

Assured Energy is only determined in respect of plants from the Interconnected power system, but not the Isolated system. Most of our thermal plants are part of the Isolated system.

In December 2005, our subsidiary CGTEE was granted authorization to begin construction on an extension of the Candiota thermal plant. This extension will increase the installed capacity of the Candiota thermal plant by 350 MW and will require an investment of approximately R$939 million. Construction on this extension began in July 2006 and completion is scheduled for December 2009.

Each of our thermal plants operates on coal and/or oil. The fuel for the thermal plants is delivered by road, rail, pipeline or waterway, depending on the plant’s location.

Although we do not have alternatives if our sources of these raw materials become unavailable or uneconomical, we have spare capacity in our hydroelectric plants and we are increasing our investment in transmission lines, which when completed, will allow us to partially compensate for any disruption in supplies. We are not subject to price volatility with respect to these raw materials because the Brazilian Government and entities that the Brazilian Government controls regulate prices, which they set annually.

We seek to operate our thermal plants at a consistent, optimal level in order to provide a constant source of electricity production. Our thermal plants are significantly less efficient and have significantly shorter useful lives, than our hydroelectric plants. We incurred gross expenditure for fuel purchased for energy production of R$3,437 million for 2008, compared to R$2,272 million in 2007 and R$2,500 million in 2006. We record these amounts net of the CCC Account reimbursements.

We have recovered a substantial portion of the thermal plants’ excess operating costs, which correspond to the difference between the cost of a thermal plant and the cost of a hydroelectric plant, through reimbursements pursuant to the CCC Account. The Brazilian Government created the CCC Account in 1973 for the purpose of building financial reserves to cover the costs of using fossil fuel thermal power plants, which are more expensive to operate than hydroelectric plants, in the Basic Network and the Interconnected power system should a power shortage create a need for increased production of thermal power plants. Consumers through electricity distributors in Brazil are required to contribute annually to the CCC Account, which in effect serves as an insurance fund against an extraordinary situation, such as a rainfall shortage, which would require increased use of thermal plants. The

 

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aggregate amount of the annual required contribution is calculated on the basis of the current year’s cost of fuel estimates for all thermal plants. Each utility is then allocated a proportional contribution towards the aggregate amount based on such utility’s total electricity sales during the previous year. In 1993, the scope of the CCC Account was extended to include a portion of the costs of thermal electricity generation in isolated, non-integrated grids in remote areas of Brazil’s northern region.

Each of Furnas, Chesf, CGTEE and Eletronorte receives CCC Account reimbursement for its thermal plant fuel costs, thereby reducing the operating costs of each of their plants. We administer the CCC Account. Reimbursements from the CCC Account for the fuel costs of thermal plants connected to the Basic Network are being phased out in conjunction with the development of a competitive wholesale market. In the event of a complete phase out of the CCC Account, we will have to bear the entire operating costs of our thermal plants. For further details, see “The Brazilian Power Industry—Regulatory Changes—Fuel Consumption Account”.

Reimbursements decreased to a range of 45% – 55% of fuel costs in 2008, compared to a range of 72% – 91% in 2007 and 76% – 92% in 2006. Thermal plants in the isolated, non-integrated grids are scheduled to receive reimbursements for fuel costs through 2022.

The following tables set forth information relating to the price paid and amount of fuel purchased for use in our thermal plants in the periods indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
Type of fuel    (R$ thousands)

Coal

   58,335                75,914                111,481            

Light oil

   3,082,049                1,984,395                2,206,731            

Heavy oil

   57,898                25,713                4,421            

Gas

   68                40                6            

Uranium

   239,142                185,980                177,739            
              

Total

           3,437,492                        2,272,042                        2,500,378            
              
     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006

Type of fuel

        

Coal (tons)

   1,221,677                1,844,381                2,078,000            

Light oil (litres)

   778,940,810                586,038,884                542,502,159            

Heavy oil (tons)

   35,785                23,425                3,086            

Gas (m3)

   82,943                58,815                10,051            

Uranium (quantity of elements)

   56                88                84            

Nuclear Plants

Nuclear power plants represent a relatively costly source of electricity for us. The Brazilian Government, however, has a special interest in the continuing existence of nuclear power plants in Brazil and is required by law to maintain ownership and control over these plants. Accordingly, we expect to continue to own 99.8% of Eletronuclear.

Through Eletronuclear, we operate two nuclear power plants, Angra I, with an installed capacity of 657 MW, representing approximately 1.7% of our total installed capacity and Angra II, with 1,350 MW, representing approximately 3.5% of our total installed capacity. In addition, Eletronuclear is planning to start construction of a new nuclear plant, called Angra III in the second half of 2009. On March 5, 2009, IBAMA issued an installation licence to Eletronuclear with a validity of 6 years and on March 9, 2009, CNEN issued a partial construction licence to Eletronuclear. Once constructed, we currently estimate that Angra III would have an installed capacity of 1,350 MW and that the cost of its construction would be approximately R$8 billion.

 

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The following table sets out information regarding our nuclear plants at December 31, 2008 and for the year then ended:

 

     Installed Capacity    Generated Energy    Assured Energy(1)    Began Service(2)
     (MW)    (MWh)    (MWh)     

Nuclear plant:

           

Angra I

   657            3,515,485.9            3,224,000            January 1, 1985

Angra II

   1,350            10,488,288.9            9,733,000            September 1, 2000
                 

Total

       2,007                14,003,775                   12,957,000           
                 

 

(1)

For our nuclear plants, assured energy is not limited by ONS or any other regulatory body.

(2)

Commercial operation in: Angra I – January, 1985 and Angra II – September, 2000.

The installed capability of Angra I is 657 MW. We estimate that Angra I will be operating at 85% capacity in 2009 in line with industry standards. Accordingly, the assured energy of Angra I will be 4,64 GWh/yr.

With respect to Angra II, its installed capacity is 1,350 MW (nominal power). We also estimate that Angra II will be operating at 85% capacity in 2009 in line with industry standards. Accordingly, the assured energy of Angra II will be 9,54 GWh/yr.

Both Angra I and Angra II utilize uranium obtained pursuant to a contract with Indústrias Nucleares Brasileiras – INB, a Brazilian Government-owned company responsible for processing uranium used in nuclear plants. The fuel elements are shipped by truck to the nuclear plant and under the terms of the contract; Eletronuclear bears responsibility for the safe delivery of that fuel. To date, Eletronuclear (and the previous owner of Angra I – Furnas) has experienced no material difficulty in the transportation of fuel to Angra I and Angra II. In addition, low-level nuclear waste (such as filters and certain resins) is stored in specially designed containers in an interim storage site on the grounds of the plants. As is the case with many other countries, Brazil has not yet devised a permanent storage solution for nuclear waste. High-level nuclear waste (spent nuclear fuel) is stored in the fuel cells (compact storage racks in the fuel pool) of the plants. The liability relating to the decommissioning of nuclear power plants Angra I and Angra II commenced at the same time as the operations began at these two units in 1985 and 2000, respectively. The amount of this provision is supported by a technical report of a work group by Eletronuclear created in 2001. In relation to Angra I, the estimated decommissioning cost is U.S.$307 million and in relation to Angra II, the estimated decommissioning cost is U.S.$426 million. The economic useful life of the plants was estimated to be 40 years. Eletronuclear makes monthly pro rata provisions for the estimated decommissioning costs of Angra I and Angra II.

The electricity generated by Eletronuclear is sold to our subsidiary Furnas at a regulated price determined by the MME. This regulated price reflects Eletronuclear’s production costs. However, in on-selling this electricity to distribution companies, Furnas is required to participate in the public auction process, in which other generation companies in a pool provide bids that reflect the maximum cost of electricity each is willing to supply and the distribution companies pay a price equal to an average of all these bids. As a result of this auction process, the price that Furnas sells in the auction is higher than that it paid to Eletronuclear for the corresponding electricity. Historically, however, the reverse has been true and we recorded consolidated losses in respect of electricity generated by Eletronuclear. We are currently analyzing potential measures to reduce these losses if this situation re-occurs, including replacing Furnas in the supply chain described above with Eletrobrás itself, which is not required to sell electricity only pursuant to the auction process.

Sales of Electricity Generated

We sold approximately R$18,750 million of electricity generated (net of electricity purchased for resale and VAT and other taxes) in 2008, compared to R$14,864 million in 2007 and R$13,915 million in 2006. These sales are made only to distribution companies (which constitute the main sources of sales of electricity generated) or free consumers. We own certain distribution companies that operate in the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil and we sell a relatively small portion of the electricity we generate to these distribution companies, which does not give rise to revenues in our generation segment as discussed in “—Distribution”.

 

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We sell the electricity generated pursuant to both supply contracts with industrial end-users and to an auction process for sales to distribution companies. The following table sets forth, by type of sale, sales of electricity generated in the regions we served in the periods presented:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (R$ thousands)    (MWh)    (R$ thousands)    (MWh)    (R$ thousands)    (MWh)

Type of sale:

                 

Through auctions and initial contracts (energy charge)

   8,393,914        102,031,134        7,822,678        98,004,823        6,792,152        93,894,340    

Through free market agreements or bilateral contracts (energy charge)

   4,799,554        58,983,373        3,273,962        46,026,916        3,123,405        43,959,451    

Itaipu

   10,927,053        94,344,524        7,555,634        90,620,003        6,276,247        92,331,000    
                             

Total

     24,120,521        255,359,032          18,652,274        234,651,742          16,191,804        230,184,791    
                             

The table below shows a summary of the amount of electricity that we have sold through auction sales:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2008    2009    2010

Capacity Average (MW):

           

1st Auction

   11,003            11,003            11,003            11,003        

2nd Auction

   —            644            644            644        

3rd Auction

   —            —            —            —        

4th Auction

   —            —            396            396        

5th Auction

   180            180            180            180        
                   

Total

   11,183            11,827            12,223            12,223        

Energy (MWh) per year

       97,963,080                103,604,520                107,073,480                107,073,480        

Average tariff (R$/MWh)

   58.49            63.73            64.77            64.77        

Estimated revenues (R$ thousands)

   5,729,860            6,602,716            6,935,149            6,935,149        

With respect to supply contracts, the amount that we receive from each sale is determined on the basis of a “capacity charge”, an “energy charge” (or, in some cases, both). A capacity charge is based on a guaranteed capacity amount specified in MW and is charged without regard to the amount of electricity actually delivered. The charge is for a fixed amount (and so is not dependent on the amount of electricity that is actually supplied). In contrast, an energy charge is based on the amount of electricity actually used by the recipient (and is expressed in MWh). Our purchases of Itaipu electricity, and our sales of Itaipu electricity to distributors, are paid for on the basis of a capacity charge (including a charge for transmission paid to Furnas). Our sales of electricity (through our subsidiaries Chesf and Eletronorte) to final consumers, especially to industrial customers, are billed on the basis of both a capacity charge and an energy charge. With respect to auction sales, as discussed in “The Brazilian Power Industry—Regulation under the Electricity Regulatory Law”, invitations to participate in auctions are prepared by ANEEL and, in the event that we are successful, we enter into sale and purchase contracts with the relevant distribution company for an amount of electricity that is proportionate to such company’s estimated demand over the contract period.

Transmission

Transmission of Electricity

Revenues in our transmission segment are fixed by ANEEL, which sets a fixed transmission revenue fee each year. Net revenues (including financial revenues at holding company level) from transmission represented 14.8% of our total net revenues in 2008, compared to 14.4% in 2007 and 15.0% in 2006. The electricity that we generate is transported through Brazil’s tension transmission network, with 56,862 km of transmission lines belonging to us above 138 kV at December 31, 2008, compared to 55,942 km at December 31, 2007 and 55,658 km at December 31, 2006. Including our partnerships with private companies in SPCs/Consortia we have approximately 58,718 Km above 138 KV in operation at December 31, 2008. (For further information, see “—Lending Activities-Equity Participation”). In Brazil, the majority of hydroelectric plants are located a considerable distance from the major load centers and therefore, in order to reach consumers, an extensive transmission system has been developed. Transmission is the bulk transfer of electricity, at very high voltages (from 230 kV to 750 kV), from the generation facilities to the distribution systems at the load centers by means of the transmission grid. There is one

 

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Interconnected power system in Brazil that links the northern and northeastern regions to the south and southeast regions. Coordinating the transmission systems is necessary to optimize the investments and operating costs and to ensure reliability and adequate load supply conditions throughout the Interconnected power system.

Transmission Concessions

Our transmission operations are carried out pursuant to the following concessions granted by ANEEL:

 

         Total length            Voltage Levels          Average age of  
operation
     Average years  
remaining of
concession
     (km)    (kV)    (years)     

Furnas

   19,081.50    69 – 750    30.13    6     

Chesf

   18,468.42    69 – 500    34.34    6.72

Eletrosul

     9,378.80    69 – 500    25.77    6.52

Eletronorte

   10,556.04    69 – 500    22.5      6.51

Amazonas Energia

        575.70    69 – 230    10.9      Indefinite         

Due to the development of the hydroelectric resources of the Amazon region, which requires the transmission of large amounts of energy, Brazil has developed the Interconnected power system. A national transmission grid provides generators with access to customers in all regions. Furnas and Eletronorte built the first north-south transmission system linking the northern and southern regions of Brazil, which consists of approximately 1,250 km of 500 kV transmission lines and which began operation in 1998. A second north-south transmission system, the construction of which was funded by the private sector, began operation in 2004. The following table sets forth the length of transmission lines (in km) by subsidiary and by voltage at December 31, 2008:

 

         750 kV            600 kV    
(DC)(1)
       500 kV            345 kV            230 kV            138 kV            132/69 kV            Total    

Company:

                       

Chesf

         5,121.5       12,537.5       383.9      425.5    18,468.4

Eletronorte(2)

         3,236.1         5,439.0    1,387.1      493.9    10,556.0

Eletrosul

         2,586.5         4,882.4    1,841.2        68.7      9,378.8

Furnas

   2,698.0    1,612.0    4,549.0    6,069.5      1,949.0    2,204.0       19,081.5
                                       

Amazonas Energia

                    364.9         210.8         575.7
                                       

Total

   2,698.0    1,612.0    15,493.1     6,069.5    25,172.8    5,816.2    1,198.9    58,060.5
                                       

 

(1)

DC means direct current.

(2)

The total figure does not include the 13,8kV transmission lines.

The following table sets forth, on a consolidated basis, the percentage of the total transmission grid above 230 kV in Brazil that we were responsible for at December 31, 2008:

 

         750 kV            600 kV    
(DC)(1)
       500 kV            345 kV            230 kV            Total    

Entity:

                 

Eletrobrás

   100.00        100.00        49.49        67.09        70.23        59.21    

Others

   0.00        0.00        50.51        32.91        29.77        40.79    
                             

Total

   100.00        100.00        100.00        100.00        100.00        100.00    
                             

 

(1)

DC means direct current.

Except in relation to a small portion of transmission lines of Eletronorte located in the isolated system, the transmission lines in the Interconnected power system are totally integrated.

We currently own approximately 59.2% of all transmission lines in Brazil (230 kV and above) and, as a result, receive fees from companies that transmit electricity on these lines. Revenues from transmission were R$4,639 million in 2008, compared to R$3,852 million in 2007, and R$3,379 million in 2006. As a generation company, we must also pay a tariff in respect of our transmission of electricity over those transmissions that we do not own. Taking into account all transmission lines in Brazil (230 kV and above), this means we pay a tariff in respect of 40.8% of all transmission lines in Brazil.

 

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We believe that losses of electricity in the transmission system in Brazil have historically been, and currently are, approximately 16% of all electricity transmitted in the system, compared to approximately 8% in the international transmission systems.

We operate as part of an integrated and coordinated national electricity system for Brazil. The Concessions Law authorizes us to begin to charge fees for the use of our transmission system by other electricity companies; we will be able to charge fees once ANEEL promulgates the regulations.

Through Furnas, we charge a tariff (currently approximately R$3,378.86 per MW/month) for the transmission of electricity generated by Itaipu and purchased for resale. The transmission charge for the power Itaipu generates is used to compensate Furnas, which owns the applicable transmission line, for making its transmission system available for the exclusive use of plant-connection installations. This system comprises the 765 kV Itaipu / Ivaiporã and the 600 kV DC Itaipu / Ibiúna transmission lines that are not part of the Basic Network.

Distribution

Distribution of Electricity

Our distribution activities constitute a relatively small proportion of our overall operations. Net revenues (including financial revenues at holding company level), from distribution represented 7.8% of our total net revenues in 2008, compared to 12.9% in 2007 and 13.3% in 2006.

Distribution Companies

The following companies in our group undertake distribution activities pursuant to distribution concessions granted by ANEEL:

 

   

Eletronorte, which distributes power directly to industrial consumers through its wholly owned subsidiary Boa Vista Energia S.A. This company distributes electricity to the city of Boa Vista. Eletronorte’s distribution concession ends on July 7, 2015;

 

   

Amazonas Energia, which distributes electricity to the city of Manaus, in the state of Amazonas, pursuant to a concession that ends on July 7, 2015;

 

   

Ceal, which distributes electricity in the state of Alagoas pursuant to a concession that ends on July 12, 2015;

 

   

Cepisa, which distributes electricity in the state of Piauí pursuant to a concession that ends on July 12, 2015;

 

   

Ceron, which distributes electricity in the state of Rondônia pursuant to a concession that ends on July 12, 2015; and

 

   

Eletroacre, which distributes electricity in the state of Acre pursuant to a concession that ends on July 12, 2015.

Each of Ceal, Cepisa, Ceron and Eletroacre was previously owned by the individual Brazilian state in which each respective company operated. Companhia Energética de Roraima, which is owned by the state of Roraima, transferred the assets and liabilities pertaining to the city of Boa Vista to a newly formed company to be controlled by Eletronorte, Boa Vista. We first made equity investments in these companies in 1996 with the objective of improving their financial condition and preparing them for privatization. Amazonas Energia was created in 2008 as a result of the merger between Ceam and Manaus Energia S.A.; Ceam was also previously owned by the Brazilian state in which it operated and we also made an investment in Ceam in 1996 with the objective of improving its financial condition and preparing it for privatization.

 

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Amazonas Energia, Ceal, Cepisa, Ceron, Boa Vista and Eletroacre operate in particularly challenging market conditions – the North and Northeastern regions of Brazil are among the very poorest regions in the country. One of our principal continuing challenges in respect of these companies is reducing the amount of commercial losses (principally being the theft of electricity) and customer defaults that these companies suffer from. We are attempting to address these problems by developing mechanisms that make theft of electricity more difficult and by renegotiating debts that customers of these companies currently owe.

Management Structure for our Distribution Activities

In May of 2008 we introduced a new management structure for our distribution activities. Until May 2008, we managed our investment in Amazonas Energia, Ceal, Ceam, Cepisa, Ceron, Boa Vista and Eletroacre through the Comitê Gestor das Empresas Federais de Distribuição (a management committee) which focused on, among other things, proposing financial strategies and targets to improve the financial condition of these companies.

Pursuant to the new structure, this management committee no longer exists. The new structure involves one executive officer at the Eletrobrás level, currently Mr. Decat, acting as chief executive officer of each of the companies involved in distribution. Each of the companies involved in distribution will then have the same chief financial officer, engineering director, commercial director and regulatory director, in each case appointed by the chief executive officer of these distribution companies.

Transmission and Distribution System

Our transmission and distribution network consists of overhead transmission lines and sub-stations with varying voltage ranges. The clients we serve through our distribution network are classified by voltage level. With respect to our distribution to state utilities and industrial companies, we distribute electricity at higher voltage levels (up to 750 kV), while we distribute to residential and certain commercial companies at lower voltage levels (either at 230 kV, 138 kV or 69 kV).

System Performance

The following table sets forth information concerning our electricity losses for our distribution companies, and the frequency and duration of electricity outages per customer per year for the periods indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006

Technical losses

   9.0%      10.6%      10.1%  

Commercial losses

   22.9%      21.9%      22.5%  

Total electricity losses

   31.9%      32.5%      32.6%  
              

Outages:

        

Frequency of outages per customer per year (number of outages)

       33.9              40.4              39.8      

Duration of outages per customer per year (in hours)

       34.0              36.6              35.5      

Average response time (in minutes)

     111.9            111.1              88.8      

Electricity Losses

We experience two types of electricity losses: technical losses and commercial losses. Technical losses are those that occur in the ordinary course of our distribution of electricity. Commercial losses are those that result from illegal connections, fraud or billing errors. Total electricity losses for our distribution business were 31.9% of energy generated and bought in the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to 32.5% of energy generated and bought in the year ended December 31, 2007 and 32.6% of energy generated and bought in the year ended December 31, 2006.

Reducing the level of commercial losses in the distribution companies presents a continuing challenge to us. Commercial losses at these companies have averaged approximately 23.5% of electricity generated and sold over recent periods. We are attempting to address these problems by developing mechanisms that make theft of electricity more difficult and by renegotiating debts that customers of these companies currently owe.

 

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The following table sets out information regarding total losses in our distribution segment recorded by distribution company:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
         2008            2007            2006    
     (percentages)

Company:

        

Ceal

   30.00    30.76    31.1

Ceam

   —      41.60    43.5

Cepisa

   36.14    38.46    35.0

Ceron

   43.54    34.68    34.6

Eletroacre

   26.19    26.42    25.8

Amazonas Energia

   38.70    37.20    35.3

Boa Vista Energia

   16.52    18.28    22.9

Power Outages

With respect to the Interconnected power system, we aim to respond to repair requests within one and a half to two and a half hours, depending on the scale and nature of the problem. Our average response time in the Interconnected power system in 2008 was 2.12 hours. The following table sets forth our average response time, in hours, to repair requests in the Interconnected power system:

 

    

Year Ended December 31,

  

Year Ended December 31,

    

2008

  

2007

Company:

     

Ceal

   1.88    1.77

Cepisa

   2.35    2.65
         

Average

   2.12    2.21
         

With respect to distribution operations in the Isolated system, we aim to respond to repair requests within half an hour to two hours, depending on the scale and nature of the problem. Our average response time in the Isolated system in 2008 was 1.74 hours. The following table sets forth our average response time, in hours, to repair requests in the Isolated system:

 

    

Year Ended December 31,

  

Year Ended December 31,

    

2008

  

2007

Company:

     

Eletroacre

   1.24    2.21

Ceron

   1.10    1.13

Ceam

   —      1.00

Amazonas Energia

   3.94    3.32

Boa Vista Energia

   0.68    0.88
         

Total

   6.96    8.54
         

Average

   1.74    1.71
         

Customers

The following table sets forth our total distribution of electricity in terms of MWh and gross revenues, by type of user, for the periods indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (R$ millions)    (MWh)    (R$ millions)    (MWh)    (R$ millions)    (MWh)

Distribution to:

                 

State utilities

   241,430        1,197,321        344        1,257,567        485        987,027    

Industrial

   597,006        2,615,189        796        2,480,276        746        2,397,704    

Residential

   1,067,722        3,680,389        1,382        3,507,657        1,266        3,303,990    

 

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     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (R$ millions)    (MWh)    (R$ millions)    (MWh)    (R$ millions)    (MWh)

Commercial

   658,763        2,203,290        839        2,092,267        808        1,970,130    

Other

   290,866        1,212,918        387        1,339,216        150        1,378,528    
                             

Total

   2,855,787        10,909,107        3,746        10,676,983        3,455        10,037,379    
                             

Tariffs

We classify our customers into two different groups, Group A and Group B, based on the voltage level at which we supply the electricity to our customers. Each customer is placed in a certain tariff level defined by law and based on its respective classification, although some volume-based discounts are available. Group B customers pay higher tariffs, compensating the aggregated costs in all sub-systems in which electricity flows to supply them. There are differentiated tariffs in Group B by types of customer (such as residential, commercial, rural and industrial). Customers in Group A pay lower tariffs, decreasing from A4 to Al, because they demand electricity at higher voltages, which requires a lower level of use of the energy distribution system. Tariffs we charge for sales of electricity to final customers are determined pursuant to our concession agreements and regulations established by ANEEL. These concession agreements and related regulations establish a cap on tariffs that provides for annual, periodic and extraordinary adjustments. For a discussion of the regulatory regime applicable to our tariffs and their adjustment, see “—The Brazilian Power Industry”.

Group A customers receive electricity at 2.3 kV or higher. Tariffs for Group A customers are based on the voltage level at which electricity is supplied, and the time of year and the time of day electricity is supplied, although customers may opt for a differentiated tariff in peak periods. Tariffs for Group A customers are composed of two components: a “capacity charge” and an “energy charge”.

The capacity charge, expressed in reais per MW, is based on the higher of: (i) contracted firm capacity; or (ii) power capacity actually used. The energy charge, expressed in reais per MWh, is based on the amount of electricity actually consumed. Tariffs charged to Group A customers are lower than those for Group B customers because Group A customers consume electricity at higher voltage ranges, and therefore avoid the costs associated with lowering the electricity voltage as is required for consumption by our Group B customers.

Group B customers receive electricity at less than 2.3 kV (220V and 127V). Tariffs for Group B customers consist solely of an energy consumption charge and are based on the classification of the customer.

Billing Procedures

The procedure we use for billing and payment for electricity supplied to our customers is determined by customer category. Meter readings and invoicing take place on a monthly basis for low voltage consumers, with the exception of rural consumers whose meters are read in intervals varying from one to three months, as authorized by relevant regulation. Bills are prepared from meter readings or on the basis of estimated usage. Low voltage customers are billed within five business days after the invoice date. In case of nonpayment, a notification of nonpayment accompanied by the next month’s invoice, is sent to the customer and a period of 15 days is provided to satisfy the amount owed to us. If payment is not received within three business days after the 15-day period, the customer’s electricity supply is suspended. High voltage customers are billed on a monthly basis with payment required within five business days after the invoice date. In the event of non-payment, a notice is sent to the customer two business days after the due date, giving a deadline of 15 days to make payment. If payment is not made within three business days after the notice, the customer is subject to discontinuation of service.

At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, customers in default represented an average of 20.6%, 21.4% and 17.1% of annual revenues, respectively. These default rates have generally remained stable over recent years and we do not expect to see material changes in these default rates in the foreseeable future.

 

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Purchase of Electricity for Distribution

We purchased 12,789 GWh of electricity for distribution in 2008, compared to 14,681 GWh in 2007 and 12,644 GWh in 2006. Our distribution companies purchase electricity in the public auction process from a pool of generation companies that provide bids setting out the maximum price at which they will supply electricity. After all bids are received, the average price of all bids is calculated and this is the price that we pay for the electricity. The purchase is made from all generation companies that provided bids.

Lending and Financing Activities

Loans Made by Us

Brazilian law allows us to only lend to our subsidiaries. Historically, Brazilian law allowed us to act as lender to our subsidiaries and to public energy utilities under our control. While certain of those subsidiaries are no longer in our group, the majority of our loans are to related parties. Prior to the privatization of the Brazilian electricity industry that began in 1996, this was a particularly widespread part of our operations because most companies in the industry were state-owned, allowing us to engage in lending activities to them. However, as the result of privatization, the number of companies to whom we may lend has diminished and lending is no longer a significant aspect of our business. We still have some loans outstanding with distribution companies that have now been privatized. We had outstanding loans in relation to these companies of R$5,818 million at December 31, 2008, compared to R$5,985 million at December 31, 2007, and R$5,858 million at December 31, 2006. We had interest income of R$700 million on such loans in 2008, compared to R$1,586 million in 2007 and R$1,077 million in 2006. Our biggest debtors from our lending activities were Duke Energy Brasil and AES Tiete S.A., with R$610 million and R$1,212 million outstanding at December 31, 2008, R$1,013 million and R$1,293 million outstanding at December 31, 2007 and R$1,067 million and R$1,363 million outstanding at December 31, 2006, respectively.

Sources of Funds

We obtain funding for our lending activities from loans from financial institutions and offerings in the international capital markets. At December 31, 2008 long-term debt on an unconsolidated basis was R$3,966 million, compared to R$1,576.9 million at December 31, 2007 and R$2,007.5 million at December 31, 2006, with the majority of our foreign currency debt (approximately 81% for the three periods) denominated in U.S. dollars. Further details of our borrowings are set out in “Item 5.B, Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash Flows”.

The average interest expense with respect to our financing activities for 2008 was 6.40%, compared to 7.03% for 2007 and 6.83% for 2006.

In addition, we utilize borrowings from the RGR Fund, which we administer, to on-lend to our subsidiaries and other electricity companies. See “Item 5, Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Principal Factors Affecting our Financial Performance—Our role in administering Brazilian Government Programs”. At December 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we incur interest at 5.0% in respect of borrowings from the RGR Fund and charge an average administrative fee of 1.0% to 2.0% on funds which we on-lend to subsidiaries and other entities.

Equity Participation

We act as a minority participant in private sector generation and transmission companies and joint ventures. We are also authorized to issue guarantees for those companies in which we participate as an equity investor. We are currently considering investments in a number of such companies, focusing primarily on those in line with our strategy of building on our core businesses of generation and transmission (see “Item 7.B, Related Party Transactions”).

 

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The current participations that we have are in private sector generation and transmission companies and joint ventures. Participation is determined primarily on merit and profitability criteria. The table below shows our current participation in transmission and generation companies by the amount of total investment:

 

Special Purpose

Company/Consortium

  

Object of investment

  

Eletrobrás

Participation

   Amount of
Investment
               (in R$ millions)

Transmission

        

Spe Interligação Elétrica do

Madeira S.A.

  

600 kV transmission line of 2,375 km:

Porto Velho

  

Chesf (24.5%)

Furnas (24.5%)

   3,324        

Norte Brasil Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

  

600kV Transmission Line of 2,375 km:

SE Coletora – Araraquara 2, Porto Velho

  

Eletronorte (24.5%)

Eletrosul (24.5%)

   1,700        

Estação Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

  

500/±600 kV Conversion and

Inversion Station 01

  

Eletronorte (24.5%)

Eletrosul (24.5%)

   1,400        

Manaus Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

  

500 kV Transmission Line of 375 km:

Oriximiná/Itacoatiara; 500 kV

Transmission Line of 212km:

Itacoatiara/Cariri

  

Chesf (19.5%)

Eletronorte (30%)

   1,114        

STW – Sistema de

Transmissão Nordeste S.A.

  

500 kV Transmission Line of 546 km:

Teresina-Sobral-Fortaleza

  

Chesf (49%)

   516        

Intesa – Integração de

Energia S/A

  

500 kV Transmission Line of 695 km:

Colinas-Miracema-Gurupí-Peixe

Nova-Serra da Mesa 2

  

Chesf (12%),

Eletronorte (37%)

   500        

Porto Velho Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

  

230 kV transmission lines of 17 km:

500/230 kV SE Coletora Porto Velho

  

Eletronorte (24.5%)

Eletrosul (24.5%)

   500        

Sc Energia – Empresa de

Transmissão de Energia de

Santa Catarina S.A.

  

525 kV Transmission Line of 475 km:

Campos Novos-Blumenau

  

Eletrosul (49%)

   410        

Ártemis – Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

  

525 kV Transmission Line of 376 km:

S. Santiago-Ivaporã-Cascavel

  

Eletrosul (46.5%)

   310        

Spe Transenergia Renovável

  

230 kV Transmission Line of 125

Km: Jataí – Mineiros

Mineiros – Morro Velho

  

Furnas (49%)

   299        

Brasnorte Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

  

230kV Transmission Lines of 402

km: Jauru-Juba-C2; LT Maggi-Nova Mutum

  

Eletronorte (45%)

   238        

Rs Energia – Empresa de

Transmissãao de Energia do

Rio Grande do Sul S.A.

  

525 kV Transmission Line of 274 km:

Campos Novos-Pólo

  

Eletrosul (49%)

   184        

Spe Companhia Transleste de

Transmissão S.A.

  

345 kV Transmission Line of 139 km:

Montes Claros-Irapé

  

Furnas (24%)

   126        

Amazônia Eletronorte

Transmissora de Energia S.A. – Aete

  

230 kV Transmission Line of 193 km:

Coxipó-Cuiabá-Rondonópolis SE

Seccionadora Cuiabá

  

Eletronorte (49%)

   116        

Etau – Empresa de

Transmissão do Alto Uruguai

  

240 kV Transmission Line of 174 km:

Campos Novos-Barra Grande-Lagoa

  

Eletrosul (27.4%)

   116        

S.A.

   Vermelha-Santa Marta      

Uirapuru Transmissora de

Energia S.A.

   525 kV Transmission Line of 122 km: Ivaiporã-Londrina   

Eletrosul (49%)

   107        

Spe Companhia Transudeste

de Transmissão S.A.

   345 kV Transmission Line of 144 km: Itutinga-Juiz de Fora   

Furnas (25%)

   85        

Spe Companhia Transirapé

de Transmissão S.A.

   345 kV Transmission Line of 61 Km: Irapé-Araçuaí   

Furnas (24.5%)

   71        

Spe Companhia Centroeste

de Minas S.A.

   345 kV Transmission Line of 75 Km: Furnas-Pimenta II   

Furnas (49%)

   54        

Generation

        

Spe Madeira S.A.

   HPU Santo Antonio   

Furnas (39%)

   12,198        

Energia Sustentável do Brasil

   HPU Jirau with 3300MW   

Chesf (20%)

Eletrosul (20%)

   10,000        

Spe Foz do Chapecó S.A.(1)

   HPU Foz do Chapecó with 855 MW   

Furnas (20%)

   2,578        

Spe Enerpeixe S.A.

   HPU Peixe Angical with 452 MW   

Furnas (40%)

   1,882        

Consórcio Energético

Cruzeiro do Sul S.A.

   HPU Mauá with 361 MW   

Eletrosul (49%)

   1000        

Spe Serra de Facão

Participação S.A.

   HPU Serra do Facão with 210 MW   

Furnas (40%)

   859        

Energetica Águas da Pedra

S.A.–EAPSA (Aripuanã;

Água Das Pedras)

   HPU Dardanelos with 261 MW   

Chesf (24.5%),

Eletronorte (24.5%)

   761        

Baguari I Geração de Energia

Elétrica S.A.

   HPU Baguari with 140 MW   

Furnas (15%)

   517        

Spe Retiro Baixo Energética

S.A.

   HPU Retiro Baixo 49%   

Furnas (49%)

   322        

AMAPARI Energia S.A.

   TPU Serra do Navio and Small HPU Capivara   

Eletronorte (49%)

   65        

 

(1)

Furnas’ participation in Spe Foz do Chapecó S.A. is held indirectly via its investment in Spe Chapecoense Geração S.A. in which Furnas holds 49%.

 

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Brazilian Government Programs

In addition to the Proinfa program created by the Brazilian Government in 2002 to create certain incentives for the development of alternative sources of energy (discussed more fully in “The Brazilian Power Industry—Proinfa”), we also participate in four additional Brazilian Government programs:

 

   

the Programa Reluz (Relighting Program), a program introduced in order to bring basic lighting to the main public areas of certain municipalities in Brazil;

 

   

the Programa Procel (Conservation Program), a program that aims to promote energy conservation and efficiency;

 

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Luz Para Todos (Light for All), a program that aims to bring electricity to an additional 12 million people in Brazil; and

 

   

Programa de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Industrial (Program of Technological and Industrial Development), a program to coordinate research and development activities in the Brazilian electricity sector and promote the development and manufacture of equipment required to ensure the development of the sector.

Any funds used by us in respect of these programs come from the Brazilian Government itself, in the form of funds allocated for the sector, and accordingly we do not use our own funds for these programs.

We also participate in other initiatives using our own funds, one of which is the Projeto Ribeirinhas, or Riverbank Communities Project. Through this initiative, we aim to evaluate the applicability and sustainability of technologies based on renewable resources of energy in certain small communities living in the Amazon region.

Research and Development

See “Item 5.C, Research, development, patents and licenses, etc”.

International Activities

Currently, we do not operate internationally. However, our strategy continues to be to explore certain international electricity markets and selectively identify opportunities in these markets for the future. Our aim is to generate new energy that can be added to the Interconnected power system and to integrate certain electrical power systems in the Americas. As part of our internationalization plan, we have established a representative office in Lima, Peru in order to comply with Peruvian rules, which provide that concessions may only be granted to companies that maintain a local representative office. This office will also provide a permanent connection between us and partners in Peru.

Profit Sharing and Pension Plans

Our collective bargaining agreement establishes a profit-sharing plan based on the achievement of targets. Such targets are established annually in May of each year following negotiation with the labor unions and the approval of the Brazilian Government. For 2008, 2007 and 2006, we paid R$177 million, R$160 million and R$138 million, respectively, to our employees by way of profit-sharing (on holding company level only, we paid R$23 million in 2008, compared to R$18 million in 2007 and R$17 million in 2006).

Eletrobrás has established a pension fund, Fundação Eletrobrás de Seguridade Social—ELETROS (or Eletros), a private, not-for-profit, legal entity with the intention of providing pension benefits to employees to supplement the Brazilian Government retirement benefits. Currently, the ONS and Cepel are also participants of Eletros. Each of the other companies within the Eletrobrás system have their own pension fund. In 2008, we made contributions to Eletros of R$19.9 million, compared to R$12 million in 2007 and R$11.9 million in 2006.

Environmental

General

Environmental issues can significantly impact our operations. For example, large hydroelectric plants can cause the flooding of large areas of land and the relocation of large numbers of people. The Brazilian Constitution gives both the Brazilian Government and state and local governments power to enact laws designed to protect the environment and to issue regulations under such laws. While the Brazilian Government has the power to promulgate general environmental regulations, state and local governments have the power to enact more stringent environmental regulations. Accordingly, most of the environmental regulations in Brazil are state and local rather than federal.

 

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Any failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations may result in criminal liability, irrespective of the strict liability to perform environmental remediation and to indemnify third parties for environmental damages. These failures may also subject us to administrative penalties such as fines, suspension of public agency subsidies or injunctions requiring us to discontinue, temporarily or permanently, the prohibited activities.

In order to build a hydroelectric plant, Brazilian electricity companies must comply with a number of environmental safeguards. For projects for which the environment impact is considered significant, such as generation projects with an output above 10 MW, as well as transmission lines above 230 kV, together with certain other environmentally sensitive projects, first, a basic environmental impact study must be prepared by outside experts who make recommendations as to how to minimize the impact of the plant on the environment. The study, together with a special environmental report on the project prepared by the company, is then submitted to federal, state or local governmental authorities, depending on the projected impact, for analysis and approval. Once approved, the project goes through a three stage licensing process, which comprises a license to attest the viability of the project, a license to begin work, and a license to operate the project. In addition, the company is required by law to devote 0.5% of the total cost of any investment in new projects with a significant environmental impact to environmental preservation. Since the early 1980’s, the Brazilian electricity sector has endeavored to improve its treatment of the social and environmental aspects of power project planning, implementation and operation. In general, our generation subsidiaries are in compliance with applicable environmental regulations in Brazil, and the environmental policies and guidelines of the electricity sector. Our generation and transmission facilities benefit from certain exemptions to licensing requirements because their operations commenced before the applicable environmental legislation, some environmental authorities have issued notices of infringement alleging the absence of environmental licenses. See “Item 8.A, Litigation—Environmental Proceedings”.

Our subsidiary Eletronuclear currently operates two nuclear power plants in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Angra I and Angra II. Because Eletronuclear initiated its activities before the enactment of an environmental legislation, Angra I was licensed by CNEN under the nuclear and environmental regulations in effect at that time. A study group formed by the Federal Public Attorney’s Office, CNEN, the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (or IBAMA), the Fundação Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (or FEEMA), Eletronuclear and Eletrobrás was established to prepare a Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta (a Term of Adjustment or TAC) according to which the guidelines for the environmental licensing update procedure should be established. Angra II has obtained all the environmental licenses necessary for its operations, but the Federal Public Attorney’s Office challenged its renewal, which it conditioned upon the compliance with a TAC and according to which Eletronuclear should implement a program in order to improve emergency plans, environmental monitoring programs and effluents treatment systems. Until these obligations are accomplished IBAMA, ANEEL and CNEN should abstain from issuing any definitive licenses or authorizations for the operation of Angra II. An assessment comprising the accomplishments of the TAC was issued by IBAMA to the Public Attorney in June 2006. Eletronuclear is strictly liable for nuclear accidents as an operator of nuclear plants in Brazil. See “Item 3.D, Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Company—We may be liable if there is a nuclear accident involving our subsidiary Eletronuclear”.

Energy Conservation

Over the past 20 years, the Brazilian Government has implemented a number of actions directed to energy conservation on the electricity sector. The Government normally finances these actions and we administer them. The most important project in this area is the Procel.

The Programa de Conservação de Energia Elétrica – Procel (the national electric conservation program) was created in 1985 to improve energy efficiency and rationalization of the use of natural resources throughout Brazil. MME coordinates the program and we are responsible for its execution. The main objective of Procel is to encourage cooperation among various sectors of Brazilian society to improve energy conservation both on the production and consumer sides.

 

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Alternative Electricity Sources

In 2002 the Brazilian Government created the Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica – Proinfa (the program for the development of alternative electricity sources), with the objective of diversifying the Brazilian energy matrix by searching for regional solutions with the use of renewable energy sources.

The Brazilian Power Industry

General

According to ANEEL, the total installed electricity generation capacity in Brazil in December 2008 was 102,578 MW. The Ministério de Minas e Energia (Ministry of Mines and Energy or MME) approved a ten-year expansion plan, the latest version being for the period from 2008-2017, under which Brazil’s total installed power generation capacity is projected to increase to 154.8 GW by 2017, of which 117.5 GW (75.9%) is projected to be hydroelectric and 37.3 GW (24.1%) to be thermoelectric and from other sources.

We currently control approximately 38.4% of the installed power generating capacity within Brazil and are responsible for approximately 59.2% of the installed transmission capacity above 230 kV. In addition, some Brazilian states control entities involved in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. In 2008, non-Eletrobrás system companies had approximately 62% and 2.78% of the market for generation and distribution activities, in terms of total capacity and demand, respectively, and approximately 40.8% of the transmission market, in terms of length of transmission lines. The remainder of the market is held by several companies including Cemig, Copel, Tractbel, CPFL, Duke and Brasil Energia. Certain of these companies have entered into joint venture arrangements in the past.

In net revenue terms, we believe we are the largest generation and transmission company in Brazil. We principally compete for generation and transmission businesses through a competitive auction process.

In 2008, according to the Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (the Energetic Research Company or EPE), total electricity consumption in Brazil reached 392,764 GWh, exceeding total consumption in 2007 by 3.67% and representing slower growth than Brazil’s GDP growth rate of 5.1% for the same period. Electricity consumption in Brazil in 2007 was 378,362 GWh according to EPE, which represented a 5.8% increase compared to the total consumption of 357,529 GWh in 2006.

Historical Background

The Brazilian Constitution provides that the development, use and sale of energy may be undertaken directly by the Brazilian Government or indirectly through the granting of concessions, permissions or authorizations. Historically, the Brazilian power industry has been dominated by generation, transmission and distribution concessionaires controlled by the Brazilian Government. In recent years, the Brazilian Government has taken a number of measures to remodel the power industry. In general, these measures were aimed at increasing the role of private investment and eliminating foreign investment restrictions, thus increasing overall competition in the power industry.

In particular, the Brazilian Government has taken the following measures:

 

   

The Brazilian Constitution was amended in 1995 to authorize foreign investment in power generation. Prior to this amendment, all generation concessions were held either by a Brazilian individual or an entity controlled by Brazilian individuals or by the Brazilian Government;

 

   

The Brazilian Government enacted Law No. 8,987 on February 13, 1995 as amended by Law No. 11,196 of November 21, 2005 and Law No. 11,445 of January 5, 2007 (or the Concessions Law) and Law No. 9,074 on July 7, 1995, as amended (or the Power Concessions Law), that together: (i) required that all concessions for the provision of energy related services be granted through public bidding processes; (ii) gradually allowed certain electricity consumers with significant demand, designated “free consumers”, to purchase electricity directly from suppliers

 

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holding a concession, permission or authorization; (iii) provided for the creation of generation entities (or Independent Power Producers) which, by means of a concession, permission or authorization, may generate and sell, for their own account and at their own risk, all or part of their electricity to free consumers, distribution concessionaires and trading agents, among others; (iv) granted free consumers and electricity suppliers open access to all distribution and transmission systems; and (v) eliminated the need for a concession to construct and operate power projects with capacity from 1 MW to 30 MW although an authorization or permission from ANEEL or MME is required, as the case may be;

 

   

Beginning in 1995, a portion of the controlling interests held by us and various states in certain generation and distribution companies were sold to private investors. At the same time, certain state governments also sold their stakes in major distribution companies;

 

   

In 1998, the Brazilian Government enacted Law No. 9,648 (or the Power Industry Law) to overhaul the basic structure of the electricity industry. The Power Industry Law provided for the following:

 

   

the establishment of a self-regulated body responsible for the operation of the short-term electricity market (or the Wholesale Energy Market) which replaced the prior system of regulated generation prices and supply contracts;

 

   

a requirement that distribution and generation companies enter into initial energy supply agreements (or the Initial Supply Contracts) generally “take or pay” commitments, at prices and volumes approved by ANEEL. The main purpose of the Initial Supply Contracts was to ensure distribution companies access to a stable electricity supply at prices that guaranteed a fixed rate of return for the electricity generation companies during the transition period leading to the establishment of a free and competitive electricity market;

 

   

the creation of the National Electricity System Operator (Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico), or a non-profit, private entity responsible for the operational management of the generation and transmission activities of the Interconnected power system; and

 

   

the establishment of public bidding processes for concessions for the construction and operation of power plants and transmission facilities.

 

   

In 2001, Brazil faced a serious energy crisis that lasted until the end of February 2002. As a result, the Brazilian Government implemented measures that included:

 

   

a program for the rationing of electricity consumption in the most adversely affected regions, namely the southeast, central-west and northeast regions of Brazil; and

 

   

the creation of the CGE, which passed a series of emergency measures that provided for reduced electricity consumption targets for residential, commercial and industrial consumers in the affected regions by introducing special tariff regimes that encouraged the reduction of electricity consumption.

 

   

In March 2002, the CGE suspended the emergency measures and electricity rationing as a result of large increases in supply (due to a significant rise in reservoir levels) and a moderate reduction in demand, and accordingly, the Brazilian Government enacted new measures in April 2002 that, among other things, stipulated an extraordinary tariff readjustment to compensate financial losses incurred by the electricity suppliers as a result of the mandatory electricity rationing; and

 

   

On March 15, 2004, through Law No. 10,848, the Brazilian Government enacted the Electricity Regulatory Law in an effort to further restructure the power industry with the ultimate goal of

 

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providing consumers with secure electricity supplies combined with low tariffs, which law was regulated by a number of decrees enacted by the Brazilian Government in July and August of 2004, and is still subject to further regulation to be issued in the future. See “Challenges to the Constitutionality of the Electricity Regulatory Law”.

Concessions

The companies or consortia that wish to build or operate facilities for generation, transmission or distribution of electricity in Brazil must apply to MME or to ANEEL, as representatives of the Brazilian Government, for a concession, permission or authorization, as the case may be. Concessions grant rights to generate, transmit or distribute electricity in the relevant concession area for a specified period. This period is usually 35 years for new generation concessions, and 30 years for new transmission or distribution concessions. An existing concession may be renewed at the granting authority’s discretion. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurances that the concessions will be extended.

The Concession Law establishes, among other things, the conditions that the concessionaire must comply with when providing electricity services, the rights of the consumers, and the obligations of the concessionaire and the granting authority. Furthermore, the concessionaire must comply with regulations governing the electricity sector. The main provisions of the Concession Law are as follows:

 

   

Adequate service. The concessionaire must render adequate service equally with respect to regularity, continuity, efficiency, safety and accessibility.

 

   

Use of land. The concessionaire may use public land or request the granting authority to expropriate necessary private land for the benefit of the concessionaire. In that case, the concessionaire must compensate the private landowners affected.

 

   

Strict liability. The concessionaire is strictly liable for all damages arising from the provision of its services.

 

   

Changes in controlling interest. The granting authority must approve any direct or indirect change in the concessionaire’s controlling interest.

 

   

Intervention by the granting authority. The granting authority may intervene in the concession, by means of an administrative proceeding, to ensure the adequate performance of services, as well as full compliance with applicable contractual and regulatory provisions.

 

   

Termination of the concession. The termination of the concession agreement may be accelerated by means of expropriation and/or forfeiture. Expropriation is the early termination of a concession for reasons related to the public interest that must be expressly declared by law. Forfeiture must be declared by the granting authority after ANEEL or MME has made a final administrative ruling that the concessionaire, among other things: (i) has failed to render adequate service or to comply with applicable law or regulation; (ii) no longer has the technical, financial or economic capacity to provide adequate service; or (iii) has not complied with penalties assessed by the granting authority. The concessionaire may contest any expropriation or forfeiture in the courts. The concessionaire is entitled to indemnification for its investments in expropriated assets that have not been fully amortized or depreciated, after deduction of any amounts for fines and damages due by the concessionaire.

 

   

Expiration. When the concession expires, all assets, rights and privileges that are materially related to the rendering of the electricity services revert to the Brazilian Government. Following the expiration, the concessionaire is entitled to indemnification for its investments in assets that have not been fully amortized or depreciated at the time of expiration.

 

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Penalties

Law No. 9,427 of December 26, 1996, as amended, enacted by the Brazilian Government and ANEEL’s regulation govern the imposition of sanctions against the agents of the electricity sector and classify the appropriate penalties based on the nature and importance of the breach (including warnings, fines, temporary suspension from the right to participate in bidding procedures for new concessions, licenses or authorizations and forfeiture). For each breach, the fines can be up to 2% of the revenue (net of value-added tax and services tax) of the concessionaire in the 12-month period preceding any assessment notice. Infractions that may result in fines relate to the failure of the agent to request ANEEL’s approval including the following:

 

   

breach of contracts with third parties;

 

   

sale or assignment of the assets related to services rendered as well as the imposition of any encumbrance (including any security, bond, guarantee, pledge and mortgage) on them or any other assets related to the concession or the revenues of the electricity services; and

 

   

changes in controlling interest of the holder of the authorization or concession.

With respect to contracts executed between related parties that are submitted for ANEEL’s approval, ANEEL may seek to impose restrictions on the terms and conditions of these contracts and, in extreme circumstances, determine that the contract be rescinded.

Principal Authorities

Ministry of Mines and Energy

The MME is the Brazilian Government’s primary regulator of the power industry acting as the granting authority on behalf of the Brazilian Government, and empowered with policy-making, regulatory and supervising capacities. The Brazilian Government, acting primarily through the MME, will undertake certain duties that were previously under the responsibility of ANEEL, including drafting guidelines governing the granting of concessions and the issuance of directives governing the bidding process for concessions relating to public services and public assets.

ANEEL

The Brazilian power industry is regulated by ANEEL, an independent federal regulatory agency. ANEEL’s primary responsibility is to regulate and supervise the power industry in line with the policy dictated by the MME and to respond to matters which are delegated to it by the Brazilian Government and by the MME. ANEEL’s current responsibilities include, among others: (i) administering concessions for electricity generation, transmission and distribution activities, including the approval of electricity tariffs; (ii) enacting regulations for the electricity industry; (iii) implementing and regulating the exploitation of energy sources, including the use of hydroelectric energy; (iv) promoting the public bidding process for new concessions; (v) settling administrative disputes among electricity generation entities and electricity purchasers; and (vi) defining the criteria and methodology for the determination of transmission tariffs.

National Energy Policy Council

On August 6, 1997, pursuant to Article 2 of Law No. 9,478, the Conselho Nacional de Politica Energética (the National Energy Policy Council or CNPE) was created to advise the Brazilian president with respect to the development and creation of national energy policy. The CNPE is presided over by the Minister of Mines and Energy, and the majority of its members are ministers of the Brazilian Government. The CNPE was created to optimize the use of Brazil’s energy resources and to assure the supply of electricity to the country.

 

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National Electricity System Operator

The ONS was created in 1998. The ONS is a non-profit private entity comprising free consumers and energy utilities engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, in addition to other private participants such as importers and exporters. The Electricity Regulatory Law granted the Brazilian Government the power to nominate three executive officers to ONS’s board of executive officers. The primary role of the ONS is to coordinate and control the generation and transmission operations in the Interconnected power system, subject to ANEEL’s regulation and supervision. The objectives and principal responsibilities of the ONS include: operational planning for the generation industry, organizing the use of the domestic Interconnected power system and international interconnections, guaranteeing that all parties in the industry have access to the transmission network in a non-discriminatory manner, assisting in the expansion of the energy system, proposing plans to the MME for extensions of the Basic Network (which proposals must be taken into account in planning expansion of the transmission system) and submitting rules for the operation of the transmission system for ANEEL’s approval. Generators must declare their availability to ONS, which then attempts to establish an optimal electricity dispatch program.

Energy Trading Chamber

On August 12, 2004, the Brazilian Government enacted a decree setting forth the regulations applicable to the new Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (Energy Trading Chamber or CCEE). On November 10, 2004 the CCEE succeeded the Mercado Atacadista de Energia Elétrica (Wholesale Energy Market) the market in which all large electricity generation companies, energy traders and importers and exporters of electricity had participated and on which the spot price of electricity was determined. The CCEE assumed all of the assets and operations of the Wholesale Energy Market (which had previously been regulated by ANEEL).

One of the principal roles of the CCEE is to conduct public auctions on the Regulated Market, see “—The Regulated Market”. In addition, the CCEE is responsible, among other things, for: (i) registering all the energy purchase agreements in the Contratos de Comercialização de Energia no Ambiente Regulado (Regulated Market or CCEAR), and the agreements resulting from market adjustments and the volume of electricity contracted in the Free Market, see “—The Free Market”; and (ii) accounting and clearing of short-term transactions.

The CCEE’s members include generation, distribution and trading companies, as well as free consumers. Its board of directors is made up of four directors appointed by its members and one director, who serves as chairman of the board of directors, appointed by the MME.

According to Decree No. 5,163 of 2004 the calculation of the price of the energy sold in the spot market is the responsibility of CCEE.

Energy Research Company

On August 16, 2004 the Brazilian Government enacted a decree creating the Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (Energy Research Company or EPE) a state-owned company which is responsible for conducting strategic research on the energy industry, including with respect to electric energy, oil, gas, coal and renewable energy sources. The research carried out by EPE is subsidized by the MME as part of its policymaking role in the energy industry.

Energy Industry Monitoring Committee

The Electricity Regulatory Law authorized the creation, under Federal Decree No. 5,175 of August 9, 2004, of the Comitê de Monitoramento do Setor Elétrico (Energy Industry Monitoring Committee or CMSE), which acts under the direction of the MME. The CMSE is responsible for the monitoring of the supply conditions of the system and for proposing preventive action (including demand-related action and contracting for a supply-side reserve) to restore service conditions where applicable.

 

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Electric Power Transmission in Brazil

Transportation of large volumes of electricity over long distances is made by way of a grid of transmissions lines and substations with voltages equal to or higher than 230 kV, known as the Basic Network.

Transmission lines in Brazil are usually very long, since most hydroelectric plants are usually located away from the large centers of power consumption. Today, the country’s system is almost entirely interconnected. Only the states of Amazonas, Roraima, Acre, Amapá, Rondônia and a part of Pará are still not linked up to the Interconnected power system. In these states, supply is made by small thermal plants or hydroelectric plants located close to their respective capital cities.

The Interconnected power system provides for the exchange of power among the different regions when any one region faces problems generating hydroelectric power due to a drop in their reservoir levels. As the rainy seasons are different in the south, southeast, north and northeast of Brazil, the higher voltage transmission lines (500 kV or 750 kV) make it possible for locations with insufficient power output to be supplied by generating centers that are in a more favorable location.

We operate approximately 59.2% of the high-voltage transmission networks in Brazil, at December 31, 2008.

Any electric power market agent that produces or consumes power is entitled to use the Basic Network. Free consumers also have this right, provided that they comply with certain technical and legal requirements. This is called free access and is guaranteed in law and by ANEEL.

The operation and management of the Basic Network is the responsibility of ONS, which is also responsible for managing power dispatching from plants on optimized conditions, involving use of the Interconnected power system hydroelectric reservoirs and thermal plants fuel.

In the transitional environment (2002-2005), there was a gradual decline in the amounts of power contracted under Initial Supply Contracts, the generating companies paid for the use of the transmission line grid, whereas distributors were required to pay two types of transmission tariffs: (i) nodal tariffs, associated with each connection point from where these distributors demand voltage; and (ii) the transmission tariff, associated with the Initial Supply Contracts, which was applied to part of the demand contracted in that environment. Once the amounts under the Initial Supply Contracts dropped to zero, the power generating, distributing and selling companies and free consumers had free access agreements governing their use of transmission lines on equivalent terms with those of agents that entered the market after free access became compulsory. In this free market environment, transmission tariffs are determined based on the effective use that each party that accesses the Basic Network makes of it.

The Electricity Regulatory Law; the Free Market and the Regulated Market

The Electricity Regulatory Law introduced material changes to the regulation of the power industry with a view: (i) to providing incentives to private and public entities to build and maintain generation capacity; and (ii) to assuring the supply of electricity within Brazil at low tariffs through competitive electricity public bidding processes. The key features of the Electricity Regulatory Law included:

 

   

Creation of a parallel environment for the trading of electricity, with: (i) a more stable market in terms of supply of electricity, so as to provide additional security in supply to captive consumers, called the Regulated Market; and (ii) a market specifically addressed to certain participants (e.g., free consumers and commercialization companies), that will permit a certain degree of competition with respect to the Regulated Market, called the Ambiente de Contratação Livre (the Free Market);

 

   

Restrictions on certain activities of distributors, so as to ensure that they focus only on their core business to guarantee more efficient and reliable services to captive consumers;

 

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Elimination of self-dealing, to provide an incentive to distributors to purchase electricity at the lowest available prices rather then buying electricity from related parties; and

 

   

Respect for contracts executed prior to the Electricity Regulatory Law, in order to provide stability to transactions carried out before its enactment.

The Electricity Regulatory Law also excludes us and our subsidiaries from the National Privatization Program, which is a program created by the Brazilian Government in 1990 with a view to promote the privatization process of state-owned companies.

Challenges to the Constitutionality of the Electricity Regulatory Law

The Electricity Regulatory Law is currently being challenged on constitutional grounds before the Brazilian Supreme Court. The Brazilian Government moved to dismiss the lawsuits arguing that the constitutional challenges were moot because they related to a provisional measure that had already been converted into law. However, on August 4, 2004, the Brazilian Supreme Court denied the Brazilian Government’s motion and decided to hear the lawsuits and rule on their merits. A final decision on this matter is subject to majority vote of the 11 justices, provided that a quorum of at least eight justices must be present. To date, the Brazilian Supreme Court has not reached a final decision and we do not know when such a decision may be reached. The Brazilian Supreme Court ruled by six votes to four to deny the provisional measure requested to suspend the effects of the Electricity Regulatory Law until the final decision on the case has been made; however, a final decision remains pending. Therefore, the Electricity Regulatory Law is currently in force. Regardless of the Supreme Court’s final decision, certain portions of the Electricity Regulatory Law relating to restrictions on distributors performing activities unrelated to the distribution of electricity, including sales of energy by distributors to free consumers and the elimination of self-dealing are expected to remain in full force and effect.

If all or a relevant portion of the Electricity Regulatory Law is determined unconstitutional by the Brazilian Supreme Court, the regulatory scheme introduced by the Electricity Regulatory Law may lose its effectiveness, generating uncertainty as to how the Brazilian Government will define the rules for the electric energy sector. Considering that we have already purchased virtually all of our electricity needs through 2008 and that the pass through to tariffs of such electricity is expected to continue to be regulated by the regime preceding the Electricity Regulatory Law, irrespective of the outcome of the Supreme Court’s decision, we believe that in the short term, the effects of any such decision on our activities should be relatively limited. The exact effect of an unfavorable outcome of the legal proceedings on us and the electricity industry as a whole is difficult to predict, and it could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations even in the short term (see “Item 3.D, Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Brazilian Power Industry”).

Parallel Environment for the Trading of Electricity

Under the Electricity Regulatory Law, electricity purchase and sale transactions are carried out in two different market segments: (i) the Regulated Market, which contemplates the purchase by distribution companies through public bids of all electricity necessary to supply their captive customers; and (ii) the Free Market, which encompasses purchase of electricity by non-regulated entities (such as free consumers and energy traders).

The electricity generated by: (i) low capacity generation projects located near the consumption points (such as certain co-generation plants and the Small Hydroelectric Power Plants); (ii) plants qualified under the Proinfa program, as defined below; and (iii) Itaipu, is not subject to the public bidding process for the supply of electricity to the Regulated Market. The electricity generated by Itaipu and sold to us is traded by us and the volumes that are to be purchased by each distribution concessionaire are mandated by the Brazilian Government through ANEEL. The rates at which the Itaipu-generated electricity is traded are denominated in U.S. dollars and established pursuant to a treaty between Brazil and Paraguay. As a consequence, Itaipu rates rise or fall in accordance with the variation of the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate. Changes in the price of Itaipu-generated electricity are, however, subject to the Parcel A cost recovery mechanism discussed below under “ —Distribution Tariffs”.

 

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The Regulated Market

In the Regulated Market, distribution companies purchase electricity for captive customers through public auctions managed by ANEEL, either directly or indirectly through the CCEE. Electricity purchases are made through two types of bilateral agreements: (i) Contratos de Quantidade de Energia (Energy Agreements); and (ii) Contratos de Disponibilidade de Energia (Capacity Agreements).

Under an Energy Agreement, a generator commits to supply a certain amount of electricity and assumes the risk that electricity supply could be adversely affected by hydrological conditions and low reservoir levels, among other conditions, that could interrupt the supply of electricity, in which case the generator will be required to purchase the electricity elsewhere in order to comply with its supply commitments. Under a Capacity Agreement, a generator commits to make a specified amount of capacity available to the Regulated Market. In this case, the revenue of the generator is guaranteed and the distributors face the risk of a supply shortage. However, the increased prices of electricity due to a supply shortage are passed on by the distributors to consumers. Together, these agreements comprise the energy purchase agreements in the Contratos de Comercialização de Energia no Ambiente Regulado (Regulated Market or CCEAR).

Under the Electricity Regulatory Law, the estimate of demand from distributors is the principal factor in determining how much electricity the system as a whole will contract. Under the new system, distributors are obligated to contract 100.0% of their projected electricity needs, as opposed to 95.0% under the previous regime. A deviation in actual demand from projected demand could result in penalties to distributors.

According to the Electricity Regulatory Law, electricity distribution entities are entitled to pass on to their customers the costs related to electricity purchased through public auctions as well as any taxes and industry charges related to the public bids, subject to certain limitations related to the inability of distribution companies to accurately forecast demand.

The Free Market

The Free Market covers freely negotiated electricity sales between generation concessionaires, Independent Power Producers, self-generators, energy traders, importers of energy and free consumers. The Free Market also includes existing bilateral contracts between generators and distributors until they expire. Upon expiration, new contracts must be entered into in accordance with the Electricity Regulatory Law guidelines. Most of our existing contracts have now expired although CGTEE has some that will continue until 2012.

Once a consumer has opted for the Free Market, it may only return to the Regulated Market once it has given the relevant distributor five years’ notice, provided that the distributor may reduce that term at its discretion. Such an extended period of notice seeks to assure that, if necessary, the construction of cost-efficient new generation could be finalized in order to supply the re-entry of free consumers into the Regulated Market. State-owned generators may sell electricity to free consumers, but as opposed to private generators, they are obligated to do so through a public process that guarantees transparency and equal access to all interested parties.

Consumer Market Forecast

The new institutional model also establishes that electric power distribution concessionaires are responsible for providing a five year projection of demand, the basis for their retail supply agreements.

To encourage companies to make estimates that are closer to reality and establish a tolerance for estimated load deviations, MME fixes penalties in cases where the distributors contract for less power than they actually sell.

However, the new institutional model also provides that distributors in Brazil may offset power requirements against another distributor’s surplus, because of the mandatory five year projection.

According to the new model, there is a single tariff for pooled supply that stems from the mix of power generated from different sources that make up the pool. A distributing company that estimates a larger consumer market than

 

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it actually has would be prompting an overload and, consequently, a higher single pool tariff, placing an extra burden on other distributors with more efficient projections. On the other hand, if their estimated power needs are lower than they actually require, this could subject the system to the risk of power rationing that could require costlier corrective measures, especially for distributors.

Free Consumers

According to the new model, a free consumer may elect to: (i) continue to procure power from a local distributor; (ii) buy electric power directly from an independent producer or from self-producers with surplus power; or (iii) buy electric power from a power trade agent.

The Electricity Regulatory Law does not permit distribution concessionaires to sell electric power to free consumers directly (except under certain regulatory conditions).

The Electricity Regulatory Law further establishes that the option to become a free consumer has to be made five years in advance. This time frame was established in view of the ruling that distributors must contract electric power volumes based on their own estimates made five years in advance. If a consumer desires to become a free consumer, all agreements in force must be complied with. In the case of agreements made for indeterminate periods of time, the time frame notice within which notice is to be given is yet to be established, but shall in no case exceed three years. The Electricity Regulatory Law allows, but does not compel distributors, to lend greater flexibility to these time frames. In accordance with Article 8 of the Electricity Regulatory Law, those free consumers are allowed to return to the Regulated Market by notifying the local distributor at least five years in advance.

The Electricity Regulatory Law has, in principle, established some conditions and power and consumption thresholds that define which consumers could qualify as “free consumers”. These thresholds have been gradually reduced over the years so as to allow an increasingly greater number of consumers to make this election, until such time as all consumers from all the different classes can choose which supplier they want to procure power from.

The law assures suppliers and their respective free consumers free access to public distribution and transmission systems operated by concessionaires and permission holders on refunding charges paid for use of the electric power grids and connection costs.

With these steps, the authorities are attempting to protect both captive consumers and distributors by avoiding the exit of free consumers thereby increasing the tariffs paid by captive consumers, by suppliers taking advantage of the “threshold package”. The authorities are opposed to opportunistic moves consisting of distributors taking advantage of a power surplus to flood the regulated market and buy electric power at lower rates and then returning to the regulated market as soon as there is a power shortage in the market that increases power market rates.

Restricted Activities of Distributors

Distributors in the Interconnected power system are not permitted to: (i) develop activities related to the generation or transmission of electricity; (ii) sell electricity to free consumers, except for those in their concession area and under the same conditions and tariffs maintained with respect to captive customers in the Regulated Market; (iii) hold, directly or indirectly, any interest in any other company, corporation or partnership; or (iv) develop activities that are unrelated to their respective concessions, except for those permitted by law or in the relevant concession agreement. Generators are not allowed to hold equity interests in excess of 10.0% in distributors. The Electricity Regulatory Law has granted a transition period of eighteen months for companies to adjust to these rules, and ANEEL can extend such term for another eighteen months in the event that companies are unable to comply with such requirements within the prescribed timeframe. On an extraordinary basis, distribution companies that are in the process of complying with the above mentioned rules were allowed to execute new contracts, in violation of the restricted activities mentioned above, until December 2004.

 

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Elimination of Self-Dealing

Since the purchase of electricity for captive consumers will be performed through the Regulated Market, so-called self-dealing, pursuant to which distributors were permitted to meet up to 30% of their electricity needs through electricity that was acquired from affiliated companies, is no longer permitted, except in the context of agreements that were duly approved by ANEEL before the enactment of the Electricity Regulatory Law. Distributors may, however, make purchases from affiliated companies if the distributor participates in the public bidding process through the Regulated Market, and the generator that offers the lowest price is an affiliated party.

Contracts Executed Prior to the Electricity Regulatory Law

The Electricity Regulatory Law provides that the contracts executed by distribution companies and approved by ANEEL before the enactment of the Electricity Regulatory Law will not be amended to reflect any extension in their terms or modification in prices or volumes of electricity already contracted, with the exception of Initial Supply Contracts, as described below.

During the transition period to a free and competitive energy market (1998-2005) that was established by the Power Industry Law, purchases and sales of electricity between generation and distribution concessionaires occurred pursuant to Initial Supply Contracts. The purpose of the transition period was to permit the gradual introduction of competition in the industry and to protect market participants against exposure to potentially volatile spot market prices.

Under the Power Industry Law, electricity committed under Initial Supply Contracts was reduced by 25% each year from 2003 through 2005. Generation companies were allowed to trade their excess, uncontracted electricity in the Regulated Market or in the Free Market and could conduct public auctions to trade any uncontracted volumes with free consumers or energy traders. After the Initial Supply Contracts expired at the end of 2005, all electricity had to be purchased in the Regulated Market or in the Free Market. However, the Electricity Regulatory Law allows generation companies to amend the Initial Supply Contracts that were in full force and effect as of August 2002, pursuant to Article 25 of the Electricity Regulatory Law. Public generation companies that have amended their Initial Supply Contracts are not required to reduce by 25% the amount of electricity committed under such contracts.

Regulation under the Electricity Regulatory Law

On July 30, 2004, the Brazilian Government enacted regulations governing the purchase and sale of electricity in the Regulated Market and the Free Market, as well as the granting of authorizations and concessions for electricity generation projects. These include rules relating to auction procedures, the form of power purchase agreements and the method of passing costs through to final consumers, among other things.

The regulations provide that all agente consumidor (electricity-purchasing agents) must contract all of their electricity demand under the guidelines of the new model. Agente vendedor (electricity-selling agents) must provide evidentiary support linking the allotted energy to be sold to existing or planned power generation facilities. Agents that do not comply with such requirements are subject to penalties imposed by ANEEL.

The new regulations provide for electricity distribution companies to fulfill their electricity supply obligations primarily through public auctions. In addition to these auctions, distribution companies will be able to purchase electricity from: (i) generation companies that are connected directly to such distribution company, except for hydro generation companies with capacity higher than 30 MW and certain thermo generation companies; (ii) electricity generation projects participating in the initial phase of the Proinfa program, a program designed to diversify Brazil’s energy sources; (iii) power purchase agreements entered into before the Electricity Regulatory Law was enacted; and (iv) the Itaipu hydroelectric plant.

The MME establishes the total amount of energy to be contracted in the Regulated Market and the list of generation projects that will be allowed to participate in the auctions in each year.

 

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Since 2005, all electricity generation, distribution and trading companies, independent power producers and free consumers have been required to notify ANEEL, by August 1 of each year, of their estimated electricity demand or estimated electricity generation, as the case may be, for each of the subsequent five years. Each distribution company is required to notify ANEEL, within the 60-day period preceding each electricity auction, of the amounts of electricity that it intends to contract in the auction. In addition, distribution companies are required to specify the portion of the contracted amount they intend to use to supply potentially free customers.

Electricity auctions for new generation projects in process are held: (i) five years before the initial delivery date (referred to as “A-5” auctions); and (ii) three years before the initial delivery date (referred to as “A-3” auctions). There are electricity auctions from existing power generation facilities: (i) held one year before the initial delivery date (referred to as “A-1” auctions); and (ii) held approximately four months before the delivery date (referred to as “market adjustments”). The invitations to bid in the auctions are prepared by ANEEL, in compliance with guidelines established by the MME, including the requirement to use the lowest bid as the criteria to determine the winner of the auction.

Each generation company that participates in the auction executes a contract for purchase and sale of electricity with each distribution company, in proportion to the distribution companies’ respective estimated demand for electricity. The only exception to these rules relates to the market adjustment auction, where the contracts are between specific selling and distribution companies. The CCEARs for both “A-5” and “A-3” auctions have a term of between 15 and 30 years, and the CCEARs for “A-1” auctions have a term between five and 15 years. Contracts arising from market adjustment auctions are limited to a two-year term.

As regards CCEARs for electricity generated by existing generation facilities, there are three options for the reduction of contracted electricity: (i) compensation for the exit of potentially free consumers from the Regulated Market; (ii) reduction, at the distribution companies’ discretion, of up to 4% per year of the annual contracted amount due to market deviations from estimated market projections, beginning two years after the initial electricity demand was declared; and (iii) adjustments to the amount of electricity established in energy acquisition contracts entered into up to and including March 16, 2004, pursuant to Article 29 of Decree No. 5,163/04 of July 30, 2004.

The new regulations also establish a mechanism, the Annual Reference Value, which limits the amounts of costs that can be passed through to final consumers. Such Annual Reference Value corresponds to the weighted average of the electricity prices in the “A-5” and “A-3” auctions, calculated for all distribution companies.

The Annual Reference Value creates an incentive for distribution companies to contract for their expected electricity demands in the “A-5” auctions, where the prices are expected to be lower than in “A-3” auctions. The Annual Reference Value will be applied in the first three years of the power purchase agreements from new power generation projects. After the fourth year, the electricity acquisition costs from these projects will be allowed to be fully passed-through. The decree establishes the following limitations on the ability of distribution companies to pass through costs to consumers:

 

   

No pass-through of costs for electricity purchases that exceed 103% of actual demand;

 

   

Limited pass-through of costs for electricity purchases made in an “A-3” auction, if the volume of the acquired electricity exceeds 2% of the demand for electricity purchased in the “A-5” auctions;

 

   

Limited pass-through of electricity acquisition costs from new electricity generation projects if the volume contracted under the new contracts related to existing generation facilities is lower than 96% of the volume of electricity provided for in the expiring contract;

 

   

The MME will establish the maximum acquisition price for electricity generated by existing projects; and

 

   

If distributors do not comply with the obligation to fully contract their demand, the pass-through of the costs from energy acquired in the short-term market will be the lower of the Price of Liquidation of Differences (PLD) and the Annual Reference Value.

 

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In addition, the Electricity Regulatory Law and related regulations allow for an argument that consumers with demand equal or higher than 3 MW supplied at any voltage may be entitled to choose their electricity supplier.

From October 2004, on the date of their subsequent tariff readjustment or tariff revision, whichever occurs earlier, distribution companies must execute separate contracts for the connection and use of the distribution system and for the sale of electricity to their potentially free consumers.

With respect to the granting of new concessions, the newly enacted regulations require bids for new hydroelectric generation facilities to include, among other things, the minimum percentage of electricity to be supplied to the Regulated Market.

Electric Energy Trading Convention

ANEEL Resolutions No. 109, of October 26, 2004 and No. 210, of February 13, 2006, govern the Convenção de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (the Electric Energy Trading Convention) which regulates the organization and functioning of the CCEE and the electric energy trading conditions and defines, among others: (i) the rights and obligations of CCEE Agents; (ii) the penalties to be imposed on defaulting agents; (iii) the means of dispute resolution; (iv) trading rules in the Regulated and Free Markets; and (v) the accounting and clearing process for short-term transactions.

National Electrical System Operator

Resolution No. 173 of November 28, 2005 established a provision for the system service charge, Encargo de Serviço do Sistema (or ESS), which began in January 2006 and includes price and fee readjustments for distribution concessionaires that are part of the Sistema Interligado Nacional (the National Interconnected Grid). This charge is based on the estimates made by the ONS, up to October 31 of each year.

Ownership Limitations

In 2000, ANEEL established new limits on the concentration of certain services and activities within the power industry. Under these limits, with the exception of companies participating in the National Privatization Program (which need only comply with such limits once their final corporate restructuring is accomplished) no power company (including both its controlling and controlled companies) may: (i) own more than 20% of Brazil’s installed capacity, 25% of the installed capacity of the southern/southeastern/mid-western region of Brazil or 35% of the installed capacity of the northern/northeastern region of Brazil, except if such percentage corresponds to the installed capacity of a single generation plant; (ii) own more than 20% of Brazil’s distribution market, 25% of the southern/southeastern/mid-western distribution market or 35% of the northern/northeastern distribution market, except in the event of an increase in the distribution of electricity exceeding the national or regional growth rates; or (iii) own more than 20% of Brazil’s trading market with final consumers, 20% of Brazil’s trading market with non-final consumers or 25% of the sum of the above percentages.

In accordance with paragraph one, Article 31 of the Electricity Regulatory Law, we and our subsidiaries Furnas, Chesf, Eletronorte, Eletrosul and CGTEE were excluded from the National Privatization Program. Accordingly, we are subject to the limits and conditions imposed on the participation of agents in the activities of the electricity sector, in accordance with ANEEL Resolution No. 278/2000, which is aimed at achieving effective competition between agents and preventing a concentration in the services and activities undertaken by agents within the electricity sector.

This resolution provides that an agent that does not comply with these limits will not be able to acquire additional shareholdings or acquire assets in any company within the electricity sector which enlarges its share of installed capacity, energy distribution or final and intermediary commercialization activities. Accordingly, any future participation in new projects within the power industry (such as acquisitions of new concessions to operate generation, transmission and distribution assets) would always ultimately be subject to ANEEL’s approval.

 

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All companies in the electricity sector must send ANEEL updated information relating to their shareholders’, disclosing their controlling shareholder(s) or controlling group(s) and any direct or indirect participation of such shareholders and groups, in addition to any other information required by ANEEL. Resolution No. 278/2000 also establishes limits on the trading of electricity between related companies in the Interconnected power system.

Tariffs for the Use of the Distribution and Transmission Systems

ANEEL oversees tariff regulations that govern access to the distribution and transmission systems and establish tariffs for the use of and access to said systems. The tariffs are: (i) network usage charges, which are charges for the use of the proprietary local grid of distribution companies (or TUSD); and (ii) a tariff for the use of the transmission system, which is the Basic Network and its ancillary facilities (or TUST). Additionally, distribution companies in the Southern/Southeastern Interconnected power system pay specific charges for the transmission of electricity generated at Itaipu and for access to the transmission system.

TUSD

The TUSD is paid by generators and free consumers for the use of the distribution system of the distribution company to which the relevant generator or free consumer is connected and are revised annually according to an inflation index. The amount to be paid is calculated by multiplying the amount of electricity contracted with the distribution company for each connection point, in kW, by the tariff in R$/kW which is set by ANEEL. Our distribution companies receive the TUSD paid by free consumers in their concession areas and by some other distribution companies which are connected to our distribution system.

TUST

The TUST is paid by distribution companies, generators and free consumers for the use of the Basic Network and is revised annually according to: (i) an inflation index; and (ii) the annual revenue of the transmission companies. According to criteria established by ANEEL, owners of the different parts of the transmission grid have transferred the coordination of their facilities to the ONS in return for receiving regulated payments from users of the transmission system. Network users, including generation companies, distribution companies and free consumers, have signed contracts with the ONS entitling them to use the transmission grid in return for the payment of published tariffs. Other parts of the grid that are owned by transmission companies but which are not considered part of the transmission grid are made available directly to the interested users who pay a specified fee to the relevant transmission company.

Contract for Access to the Intermediary Connection System – Access Charge

Some distribution companies, especially in the State of São Paulo, access the Basic Network through an intermediary connection system located between their respective distribution lines and the Basic Network. This connection is formalized by means of a Contract for the Access to the Intermediary Connection System entered into with transmission concessionaires that own such facilities. Compensation for the transmission companies is regulated by ANEEL and is defined in accordance with the cost of the assets used, whether they are their exclusive property or shared among the electricity industry agents. The correspondent compensation incidental to the use of the intermediary connection system is revised annually by ANEEL according to an inflation index and to the costs relating to the assets.

Itaipu Transportation Charge

The Itaipu plant has an exclusive transmission grid operated in alternating and continuous current, which is not considered to be part of the Basic Network or of the intermediary connection system. The use of such system is compensated by a specific charge, denominated the Itaipu transportation charge, paid by those companies entitled to quotas of the electricity from Itaipu, in proportion to their quotas.

 

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Distribution Tariffs

Distribution tariff rates are subject to review by ANEEL, which has the authority to adjust and review tariffs in response to changes in electricity purchase costs and market conditions. When adjusting distribution tariffs ANEEL divides the costs of distribution companies between: (i) costs that are beyond the control of the distributor (or Parcel A costs); and (ii) costs that are under the control of distributors (or Parcel B costs). The readjustment of tariffs is based on a formula that takes into account the division of costs between the two categories.

Parcel A costs include, among others, the following:

 

   

costs of electricity purchased for resale pursuant to Initial Supply Contracts;

 

   

costs of electricity purchased from Itaipu;

 

   

costs of electricity purchased pursuant to bilateral agreements that are freely negotiated between parties; and

 

   

certain other connection and usage charges for the transmission and distribution systems.

Parcel B costs are determined by subtracting all the Parcel A costs from the distribution company’s revenues.

Each distribution company’s concession agreement provides for an annual tariff adjustment (reajuste anual). In general, Parcel A costs are fully passed through to consumers. Parcel B costs, however, are adjusted for inflation in accordance with the IGP-M index.

Electricity distribution companies are also entitled to revisão periódica (revisions) every four or five years. These revisions are aimed at: (i) assuring revenues are sufficient to cover Parcel B operating costs and that adequate compensation for essential investments for the services within the scope of each such company’s concession; and (ii) determining the “X factor”, which is based on three components: (a) expected gains of productivity from increase in scale; (b) evaluations by consumers (verified by ANEEL); and (c) labor costs.

The X factor is used to adjust the proportion of the change in the IGP-M index that is used in the annual adjustments. Accordingly, upon the completion of each periodic revision, application of the X factor requires distribution companies to share their productivity gains with final consumers.

The pass-through of electricity purchase costs under supply agreements negotiated before the enactment of the Electricity Regulatory Law is subject to a ceiling based on a value established by ANEEL for each different source of energy (such as hydroelectric, thermoelectric and alternative sources of energy). This ceiling is adjusted annually in order to reflect increases in costs incurred by generators. That adjustment takes into account: (i) inflation; (ii) costs incurred in hard currency; and (iii) fuel related costs (such supply of natural gas). Costs incurred correspond to at least 25% of all costs incurred by generators.

In addition, concessionaires of electricity distribution are entitled to revisão extraordinária (extraordinary review) of tariffs, on a case by case basis, to ensure their financial equilibrium and compensate them for unpredictable costs, including taxes, that significantly change their cost structure.

Incentive Programs for Alternative Sources of Electricity

Thermoelectric Priority Program

In 2000, a federal decree created the Programa Prioritário de Termeletricidade (the Thermoelectric Priority Program or PPT), for purposes of diversifying the Brazilian energy matrix and decreasing its strong dependency on hydroelectric plants. The benefits granted to thermoelectric plants under the PPT include: (i) guaranteed gas supply for 20 years; (ii) assurance that costs related to the acquisition of the electricity produced by thermoelectric plants will be transferred to tariffs up to a normative value determined by ANEEL; and (iii) guaranteed access to a BNDES special financing program for the power industry. However, this program has not yet been fully implemented.

 

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Proinfa

In 2002, the Proinfa program was established by the Brazilian Government to create certain incentives for the development of alternative sources of energy, such as wind energy projects, Small Hydroelectric Power Plants and biomass projects. As with some other social programs, we are involved in the administration of the Proinfa program.

Under the Proinfa program, we purchase electricity generated by these alternative sources for a period of up to 20 years and transfer it to free consumers and certain electricity distribution companies (which are responsible for including the costs of the program in the tariffs for all final consumers in their respective concession area, except for low-income consumers). In its initial phase, the Proinfa program is limited to a total contracted capacity of 3,300 MW (1,100 MW for each of the three alternative energy sources). Projects seeking to qualify for the benefits of the Proinfa program must be fully operational by December 31, 2008.

In its second phase, which will start after the 3,300 MW limit is reached, the Proinfa program is intended, in a period of up to 20 years to have contracted capacity equivalent to 10% of the annual domestic consumption of electricity. The energy production for the commercialization under the Proinfa program will not be provided by generation concessionaires nor by Independent Power Producers. Such production may only be provided by an autonomous independent producer, which may not be controlled by or affiliated to a generation concessionaire or an Independent Power Producer or controlled by or affiliated with their controlling entities.

Research and Development – R & D

Concessionaires and companies authorized to engage in public power distribution, generation and transmission businesses are required to invest annually at least 1.0% of their net operating income in electric power research and development. Companies that only generate power from wind, biomass and Small Hydroelectric Power Plants are not subject to this requirement.

Regulatory Charges

Global Reversion Reserve Fund

In certain circumstances, power companies are compensated for assets used in connection with a concession if the concession is eventually revoked or is not renewed. In 1971, the Brazilian Congress created a Reserva Global de Reversão (a Global Reversion Reserve Fund or RGR Fund) designed to provide funds for such compensation. In February 1999, ANEEL revised the assessment of a fee requiring all distributors and certain generators operating under public service regimes to make monthly contributions to the RGR Fund at an annual rate equal to 2.5% of the company’s fixed assets in service, but not to exceed 3.0% of total operating revenues in any year. In recent years, no concessions have been revoked or have failed to be renewed, and in recent years the RGR Fund has been used principally to finance generation and distribution projects. The RGR Fund is scheduled to be phased out by 2010, and ANEEL is required to revise the tariff so that the consumer will receive some benefit from the termination of the RGR Fund.

Public Use Fund

The Brazilian Government has imposed a fee on Independent Power Producers reliant on hydrological resources, except for Small Hydroelectric Power Plants, similar to the fee levied on public industry companies in connection with the RGR Fund. Independent Power Producers are required to make contributions to the Fundo de Uso de Bem Público (the Public Use Fund or UBP Fund) according to the rules of the corresponding public bidding process for the granting of concessions. We received the UBP Fund payments until December 31, 2002. All payments to the UBP Fund since December 31, 2002 are paid directly to the Brazilian Government.

 

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Fuel Consumption Account

Distribution companies, and generation companies that sell directly to final consumers, must contribute to the Conta de Consumo de Combustível (the Fuel Consumption Account or CCC Account). The CCC Account was created in 1973 to generate financial reserves to cover elevated costs associated with the increased use of thermoelectric energy plants, in the event of a rainfall shortage, given the higher marginal operating costs of thermoelectric energy plants compared to hydroelectric energy plants. In February 1998, the Brazilian Government provided for the phasing out of the CCC Account. Subsidies from the CCC Account have been phased out over a three-year period beginning in 2003 for thermoelectric energy plants constructed prior to February 1998 and currently belonging to the Interconnected power system. Thermoelectric plants constructed after that date will not be entitled to subsidies from the CCC Account. In April 2002, the Brazilian Government established that subsidies from the CCC Account would continue to be paid to those thermoelectric plants located in isolated regions for a period of 20 years in order to promote generation of electricity in those regions.

Financial Compensation for the Use of Hydrological Resources

Holders of concessions and authorizations for the exploration of hydroelectric resources in Brazil must pay fees to Brazilian states and municipalities for the use of hydrological resources. Such amounts are based on the amount of electricity generated by each utility and are paid to the states and municipalities where the plant or the plant’s reservoir is located pursuant to Resolution 67 of February 22, 2001.

ANEEL Inspection Fee

The ANEEL Inspection Fee is an annual fee payable by the holders of concessions, permissions or authorizations in proportion to their dimension and activities. The ANEEL Inspection Fee amounts to up to 0.5% of the economic benefit realized by the holders of concessions, permissions or authorizations and is collected by ANEEL in twelve monthly installments.

Energy Development Account

In 2002, the Brazilian Government instituted the Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético (Energy Development Account or CDE Account), which is funded through annual payments made by concessionaires for the use of public assets, penalties and fines imposed by ANEEL and, since 2003, the annual fees to be paid by agents offering electricity to final consumers, by means of a charge to be added to the tariffs for the use of the transmission and distribution systems. These fees are adjusted annually. The CDE Account was created to support the: (i) development of electricity production throughout the country; (ii) production of electricity by alternative energy sources; and (iii) universalisation of energy services throughout Brazil. The CDE Account will be in effect for 25 years and is regulated by ANEEL and managed by us.

The Electricity Regulatory Law establishes that the failure to pay the contribution to the RGR Fund, Proinfa program, the CDE Account, the CCC Account, or payments due by virtue of purchase of electricity in the Regulated Market or from Itaipu prevents the non-paying party from receiving a tariff readjustment (except for an extraordinary review) or receiving resources arising from the RGR Fund, CDE Account or CCC Accounts.

Electricity Reallocation Mechanism

The Mecanismo do Realocação de Energia (energy reallocation mechanism) provides financial protection against hydrological risks for hydro-generators according to energy commercialization rules in effect, to mitigate the shared hydrological risks that affect the generators and assure the optimal use of the hydroelectric resources of the Interconnected power system.

The mechanism guarantees that all the generators that participate in it will be able to sell the amount of electricity which they have contracted to sell under long-term contracts as determined by ANEEL, which we refer to as “assured electricity”, irrespective of their actual electricity production, provided that the power plants participating in the mechanism, as a whole, have generated sufficient electricity. In other words, the mechanism reallocates

 

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electricity, transferring surplus electricity from those generators whose generation was in excess of their assured electricity, to those whose generation was less than assured electricity. The effective generation dispatch is determined by the National Electricity System Operator, which takes into account nationwide electricity demand, the hydrological conditions of the Interconnected power system and transmission limitations.

Reimbursement of the generation costs of the relocated electricity is provided to compensate generators that relocate electricity to the system in excess of their assured electricity. Generators are reimbursed for their variable operational costs (except fuel) and costs for the use of water. The total costs of the relocated electricity (from all generators that provided electricity to the energy reallocation mechanism) are then combined and paid by the generators that receive electricity from the mechanism.

The mechanism includes all hydroelectric power plants subject to the centralized dispatching of the National Electricity System Operator, small hydroelectric stations that opt to participate in the mechanism and thermal power plants with centralized dispatching, included in the Initial Supply Contracts and whose fuel costs are subsidized by the Fuel Consumption Account. Since 2003, the Fuel Consumption Account power plants only partially participated in the mechanism, due to the gradual reduction of the subsidy.

Electric Power Services Supervision Fee – TFSEE

ANEEL also charges a supervision fee from electric power services agents and concessionaires. This fee is called the Electric Power Services Supervision Fee (or TFSEE) and was created under Law No. 9,427 of December 26, 1996, and is charged at the rate of 0.5% of the annual economic benefit posted by the agent or concessionaire. The economic benefit is determined based on the installed capacity of authorized generating and transmitting concessionaires or on annual sales income posted by distribution concessionaires.

Financial Compensation For Use Of Water Resources (CFURH)

The states, the Federal District, and municipalities, as well as direct public federal administration bodies all receive financial compensation from generating companies for use of water resources to generate electric power. CFURH is based on power output and paid to the states and municipalities in which the plant or reservoir is situated. This charge is not assessed on Small Hydroelectric Power Plants, as they are exempt from this requirement.

Emergency Capacity Charge (ECE)

ECE was created as provided for in Article 1 of Law No. 10,438 of April 26, 2002. It is assessed proportionally to the final individual total consumption of all consumers served by the Interconnected power system and classified as a specific tariff charge. ANEEL ruled that its basis would be the cost of contracting generating capacity or voltage estimated by Comercializadora Brasileira de Energia Emergencial (or CBEE) in any given year.

Rationing

The Electricity Regulatory Law establishes that, in a situation where the Brazilian Government decrees a compulsory reduction in the consumption of electricity in a certain region, all energy amount agreements in the Regulated Market, registered within the CCEE in which the buyer is located, must have their volumes adjusted in the same proportion to the consumption reduction.

The Effects of the New Bankruptcy Law on Us

On February 9, 2005, the Brazilian Government enacted Law No. 11,101, or the New Bankruptcy Law. The New Bankruptcy Law, which came into effect on June 9, 2005, governs judicial recovery, extrajudicial recovery and liquidation proceedings and replaces the debt reorganization judicial proceeding known as concordata (reorganization) for judicial recovery and extrajudicial recovery. The New Bankruptcy Law provides that its provisions do not apply to government owned and mixed capital companies. However, the Brazilian Federal Constitution establishes that mixed capital companies, such as Eletrobrás, which operate a commercial business, will be subject to the legal regime applicable to private corporations in respect of civil, commercial, labour and tax matters. Therefore it is unclear whether or not the provisions in connection with judicial and extrajudicial recovery and liquidation proceedings of the New Bankruptcy Law would apply to us.

 

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Judicial Recovery

In order to request judicial recovery, a debtor must fulfill the following requirements: (i) conduct its business in a regular manner for more than two years; (ii) not be bankrupt (or, in the event that the debtor was bankrupt in the past, then all obligations arising therefrom must have been declared extinguished by a judgment not subject to appeal); (iii) not have been granted a judicial recovery or special judicial recovery in the five or eight years prior to its request, respectively; and (iv) not have been convicted of (or not have a controlling partner or manager who has been convicted of) a bankruptcy crime. All claims in existance at the time of the request for judicial recovery are subject to such procedure (including potential claims), except for claims of tax authorities, creditors acting as fiduciary owners of real or personal properties, lessors, owners or committed sellers of real estate, including for real estate developments, or owners under sale agreements with a title retention clause (paragraph 3 of Article 49 of the New Bankruptcy Law). The judicial recovery can be implemented by means of one or more of the following transactions, amongst others (i) the granting of special terms and conditions for the payment of the debtor’s obligations; (ii) spin-off, merger, transformation of the company, incorporation of a wholly-owned subsidiary or the assignment of quotas or shares; (iii) transfer of corporate control; (iv) partial or total replacement of the debtor’s management, as well as the granting to its creditors the right to independently appoint management and the power of veto; (iv) capital increase; (v) leasing of its premises; (vi) reduction in wages, compensation of hours and reduction of the workday, by means of collective bargaining; (vi) payment in kind or the renewal of the debtor’s debts; (vii) creation of a company composed of creditors; (viii) partial sale of assets; (ix) equalisation of the debtor’s financial charges; (x) constitution of an usufruct on the company; (xi) shared management of the company; (xii) issuance of securities; and (xiii) creation of a special purpose company for purposes of receiving the debtor’s assets.

Extrajudicial Recovery

The New Bankruptcy Law also created the extrajudicial recovery mechanism, by means of which a debtor who mets the requirements for the judicial recovery (as outlined above) may propose and negotiate with its creditors an extrajudicial recovery plan, which must be submitted to the court for approval. Once approved, such a plan will constitute a valid means of enforcement. The extrajudicial recovery is not applicable, however, to any claims relating to labour- or workplace related accidents, as well as to any claims excluded from judicial recovery. In addition, the request for court approval of an extrajudicial recovery plan will does not impose a moratorium on the rights, suits and enforcement proceedings of creditors not subject to such plan, and those creditors will still be able to request the debtor’s bankruptcy.

Liquidation

The New Bankruptcy Law changed the order in which claims are classified in the context of liquidation proceedings to the following order, which is set out in order of priority: (i) labour claims in general (limited to a maximum amount of 150 times the minimum monthly Brazilian wage per creditor) and labour claims related to indemnification for workplace accidents; (ii) claims of secured creditors (limited to the amount of the guarantee); (iii) tax claims (except for tax fines); (iv) personal claims enjoying special privileges (as defined in other statutes); (v) personal claims enjoying general privileges (among others, unsecured creditors who have provided goods or services to the debtor during its judicial recovery and creditors who are so defined in other statutes); (vi) unsecured debts (creditors not provided for in the preceding items, labour creditors whose claims exceed the 150-minimum monthly wages limitation, and creditors whose claims exceed the amount of their respective guarantees); (vii) contractual fines and monetary fines arising from the disobedience of statutes; and (viii) subordinated debts (as provided for by law or in an agreement, and creditors who are partners or managers of the debtor company but not in the context of a labour relationship). The New Bankruptcy Law establishes that only a creditor claiming for an amount in excess of 40 times the minimum monthly Brazilian wage can commence liquidation proceedings. However, it is permitted for creditors to commence a class action in order to comply with the minimum amount mentioned above. The New Bankruptcy Law also extended (i) the time period in which a debtor must present its defense in connection with a request for its bankruptcy from 24 hours to ten days, and (ii) the suspension period during which no asstes may be sold or liquidated from 60 to 90 days (from either the date of filing the bankruptcy petition, the request for judicial recovery or from the date of the first protest of a note due to its non-payment by the company).

 

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C. Organizational Structure

We operate our distribution, generation and transmission activities in Brazil through the following twelve regional subsidiaries:

 

   

Itaipu, the world’s largest hydroelectric plant in volume of energy generated, in which we and a Paraguayan governmental entity (ANDE) each hold a 50% interest;

 

   

Eletrosul, which engages in transmission activities in the state of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná;

 

   

Cepisa, which engages in distribution activities in the state of Piauí;

 

   

Ceal, which engages in distribution activities in the state of Alagoas

 

   

Ceron, which engages in distribution activities in the state of Rondônia;

 

   

Eletronorte, which engages in generation, transmission and limited distribution activities, in the north and part of the midwest regions of Brazil;

 

   

Chesf, which engages in generation, transmission in the northeast region of Brazil;

 

   

Furnas, which engages in generation and transmission activities, in the southeast and part of the midwest regions of Brazil;

 

   

Eletronuclear, which owns and operates two nuclear plants, Angra I and Angra II and is planning to construct a third;

 

   

CGTEE, which owns and operates thermal plants in the south region of Brazil;

 

   

Eletroacre, which engages in distribution activities in the state of Acre.; and

 

   

Amazonas Energia, which engages in generation and distribution in the State of Amazonas. Prior to May 31, 2008 it was a subsidiary of Eletronorte but is now directly owned by Eletrobrás. Amazonas Energia now also operates in the interior of the State of Amazonas that was, until March 31, 2008, operated by Ceam, which used to be directly held by Eletrobrás, but no longer exists as a standalone operating company.

We are also the main sponsor of Cepel, the largest technological research and development center in the electricity industry in Latin America.

We also hold a majority interest in Eletropar. Eletropar is a holding company that holds minority interests in the following five Brazilian distribution companies: (i) AES Eletropaulo Metropolitana de Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A – AES Eletropaulo; (ii) Energias do Brasil S.A. – Energias do Brasil; (iii) Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista – CTEEP; (iv) Empresa Metropolitana de Águas e Energia S.A. – EMAE; and (v) Companhia Piratininga de Força e Luz – CPFL.

 

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The following organizational chart shows, in summary form, our shareholder structure and subsidiaries at June 30, 2009 (we also have minority shareholdings in 20 state utility companies throughout Brazil, not indicated in this chart):

LOGO

Note: IC stands for installed capacity and TL stands for transmission line.

On February 22, 2008 we announced that the Board of Directors of our subsidiary Eletrosul resolved to purchase majority shares in Empresa de Transmissão de Energia de Santa Catarina S.A. – SC Energia and Empresa de Transmissão de Energia do Rio Grande do Sul S.A. RS Energia, each of which is a company that focuses on the transmission of electricity. The acquisitions were approved by ANEEL and, as a result of this acquisition, we have improved our transmission capacity in the southern region of Brazil.

D. Property, Plant and Equipment

Our principal properties consist of hydroelectric generation plants and transmission networks which are located all over Brazil. The book value of our total property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 was R$78,636 million, R$75,379 million and R$78,539 million, respectively. The generation of energy from our generation plants is responsible for approximately 50.5% of energy generated in Brazil and the operation of our transmission network represents approximately 59.2% of the transmission capacity of Brazil. As a result of the existing large hydroelectric power capacity still available in Brazil, we believe hydroelectric energy will continue to have a prominent role in providing for the growth in consumption of electrical energy.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Overview

Directly and through our subsidiaries, we are involved in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Brazil. Our revenues principally derive from:

 

   

the generation of electricity through our subsidiaries and its sale to electricity distribution companies and free consumers, which in 2008, 2007 and in 2006 accounted for R$24.1 billion or 76.3%, R$19.2 billion or 71.6% and R$16.2 billion or 70.3% of our total net revenues, respectively;

 

   

the transmission of electricity, which in 2008, 2007 and in 2006 accounted for R$4.6 billion or 14.7%, R$3.9 billion or 14.3% and R$3.4 billion or 14.7% of our total net revenues, respectively; and

 

   

the distribution of electricity to end consumers, which in 2008, 2007 and in 2006 accounted for R$2.8 billion or 9.0%, R$3.7 billion or 13.9% and R$3.5 billion or 15.0% of our total net revenues, respectively.

The primary drivers of our financial performance are demand for electricity (which in turn is impacted by macroeconomic conditions and external events such as electricity rationing, which occurred in 2001 and 2002) and the pricing of electricity (which is determined as set out in “Item 4.B, The Brazilian Power Industry”). Although levels of electricity consumption now exceed those that existed before the energy crisis that occurred in 2001 and 2002, that energy crisis continues to impact our recognition of revenues and, accordingly, our results of operations.

Principal Factors Affecting our Financial Performance

Brazilian Macroeconomic Conditions

We are affected by conditions in the Brazilian economy.

In 2005, the Brazilian economy continued to improve, mainly in the fourth quarter. GDP grew by 2.3%, and the real appreciated to R$2.3407 per U.S. dollar on December 31, 2005 compared to R$2.6544 on December 31, 2004, an appreciation of 11.8%. The Central Bank increased the base interest rate in the first half of 2005, from 17.75% to 19.75%, but began decreasing the interest rate later in that year, eventually arriving at an interest rate of 18.0% in December 31, 2005. Inflation, as measured by the IGP-DI, was 1.2% for 2005.

In 2006, the Brazilian economy improved in comparison with the previous year. GDP grew by 3.7%, and the real appreciated by 8.9% in relation to the U.S. dollar, reaching R$2.1380 per U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2006 compared to R$2.3407 per U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2005. The Central Bank gradually reduced the base interest rate during 2006 from 18.0% as of December 31, 2005 to 13.25% as of December 31, 2006. Inflation, as measured by the IGP-DI, was 3.8% for 2006.

In 2007, the Brazilian economy continued to grow, with GDP increasing by 5.26%. The real appreciated to R$1.7713 per U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2007 compared to R$2.1380 as of December 31, 2006. During 2007, the Central Bank decreased the base interest rate from 13.25% to 11.25%. Inflation, as measured by IGP-DI, was 7.9% for 2007.

In 2008, GDP grew by 5.1%. However, GDP declined 3.6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 compared to the third quarter of 2008. The real depreciated to R$2.337 per U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2008 compared to R$1.7713 as of December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Central Bank increased the base interest rate from 11.25% to 13.75%. Inflation, as measured by IGP-DI, was 9.10% for the year ended December 13, 2008. As of June 26, 2009, the real/U.S. dollar exchange rate was R$1.9396.

 

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GDP growth for 2009 is projected to be zero by the Central Bank or, if there is growth at a rate significantly less than in prior years.

Our only embedded derivative contracts relate to the contracts between Eletronorte and ALBRAS for the supply of electricity to ALBRAS. However, in July 2007, our Board of Executive Officers approved the implementation of a foreign currency hedging policy to use derivative contracts to reduce exposure to foreign currency variations. Pursuant to this policy, the amount to be hedged per year is decided on a rolling basis, and there are no fixed amounts stipulated. For 2009 we hedged the amount of up to U.S.$1.2 billion, which is Itaipu’s estimated U.S. dollar receivables for the period. We decided to use this estimate because Itaipu’s receivables are denominated in U.S. dollars and represent our most significant exposure to U.S. dollar variations. The policy provides that different types of derivative instruments may be used if our management understands that different instruments may provide more effective results. For 2009, we determined to use the sale of non-deliverable forwards (or NDFs) as the appropriate hedging instrument because it presented the optimal cost/benefit of all derivative instruments that our management considered, but to date we have not yet entered into any hedging contracts for this year.

The following table shows data relating to Brazilian GDP growth, inflation and the real/U.S. dollar exchange rate for the periods indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006

GDP growth rate

   5.1%         5.40%       3.75%   

Inflation (IGP-M)

   9.81%       7.75%       3.85%   

Inflation (IPCA)

   5.90%       4.46%       3.14%   

Appreciation (depreciation) of the real vs. the U.S. dollar

   (31.93)%      17.15%       8.66%   

Period-end exchange rate – U.S.$1.00

    R$    2.3370        R$    1.7713       R$    2.1380  

Average exchange rate – U.S.$1.00

    R$    1.8374        R$    1.9483       R$    2.1771  

 

Sources: Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and the Central Bank.

Itaipu

Itaipu, the world’s largest hydroelectric plant, is jointly owned by Brazil and Paraguay and was established and is operated pursuant to a treaty between those countries. The treaty also establishes how Itaipu’s results of operation will be recorded, both by Itaipu Binacional, the company that operates Itaipu, and by us when we consolidate Itaipu Binacional’s results of operations. In accordance with the requirements of U.S. GAAP, we consolidate the results of Itaipu.

Pursuant to the Itaipu treaty, we are required to sell not only the 50% of electricity produced by Itaipu that, through us, Brazil owns, but also that part of Paraguay’s share of electricity not used by Paraguay. As a result we sell approximately 95% of the electricity produced by Itaipu. Articles 7 and 8 of Law No. 5,899 of July 5, 1973 set out the framework which distribution companies use to calculate the total amount of energy purchased from Itaipu.

While Itaipu produces a large amount of electricity (accounting for 37.08% of the electricity that we sold in 2008, compared to 38.6% in 2007 and 40.1% in 2006), the Itaipu treaty requires that sales of Itaipu electricity be made on a no-profit basis, with no net effect on our results of operations.

In order to effect the “no profit” requirement, profits from the sale of Itaipu electricity are credited in subsequent periods to residential and rural consumers of electricity through the Interconnected power system through their electricity bills (thus reducing our revenues from electricity sales) and losses are taken into account by ANEEL in calculating tariffs for electricity in subsequent periods (thus increasing our revenues from electricity sales). Profits to be subsequently credited to consumers are recorded on our balance sheet as current liabilities under “Compensation rights” and losses to be subsequently billed are recorded as current assets under “Compensation rights”. At December 31, 2008, we recorded a gain of R$389 million in respect of the sale of Itaipu electricity. At December 31, 2007, we recorded an asset of R$179 million under “Compensation rights”, reflecting losses we made

 

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in respect of the sale of Itaipu electricity in 2007. In 2006, we recorded gains in respect of the sale of Itaipu electricity. This had the effect of reducing the amount we recorded under “Compensation right” in our balance sheet at December 31, 2006 to an asset of R$82 million.

Although the operations of Itaipu do not affect our net operating result, they significantly impact several line items. In particular, Itaipu’s effects are seen in the “electricity purchased for resale” line item, as most of the amounts in that line item represent energy produced by Itaipu. This amount, which after consolidation represents only the Paraguayan portion of the Itaipu energy, would be much higher if we did not consolidate the Brazilian portion of the Itaipu energy. Additionally, because the financial statements of Itaipu Binacional are prepared in U.S. dollars and translated to reais at the exchange rate published by the Central Bank at period end, any movement in the exchange rate between the real and the U.S. dollar can have a major impact on the “Foreign exchange and monetary gain” component of the line item “Financial income (expense), net”. Moreover, depreciation and amortization costs can be significant as a result of exchange rate variations. Royalties paid by Itaipu account for a large proportion of the line item “Financial income (expense), net” and debt related to Itaipu accounts for a significant portion of the “Financial expense” component of “Financial income (expense), net”. The accumulated effect of Itaipu on these and other items are netted out and recorded in the income statement line item “Deferred loss from Itaipu”. Articles 7 and 8 of Law No. 5,899, dated July 5, 1973, attribute to Brazilian distribution companies the contracting of the total amount of the energy purchased from Itaipu.

Pursuant to Law No. 11,480/2007, we were able to apply an “adjustment factor” to any financial contracts entered into between us and Itaipu and any credit assignments entered into between us and the Brazilian Federal Treasury prior to December 31, 2007. The aim of this “adjustment factor” was to offset the effects of the rate of inflation in the United States. This law was repealed and Decree No. 6,265 of November 22, 2007 came into force which determines that a rate equivalent to the previous “adjustment factor” is to be passed on to consumers on an annual basis. For our 2008 financial year, we started recording any gains or losses made with respect to the U.S. rate of inflation as part of our line item “Operating Revenue”.

Exchange Rate Variations

Fluctuations in the value of the real against the U.S. dollar, particularly devaluations and/or depreciations of the real, have had and will continue to have an effect on the results of our operations. In particular, pursuant to the Itaipu treaty, all revenues from Itaipu are denominated in U.S. dollars. Because the financial statements of Itaipu Binacional are prepared in U.S. dollars and translated to reais at the exchange rate published by the Central Bank at the period end, any movement in the exchange rate between the real and the U.S. dollar can have a major impact on our operating results, in particular the “Foreign exchange and monetary gain” component of the line item “Financial income (expense), net”.

However, because pursuant to the Itaipu treaty the operation of Itaipu is not permitted to have any net effect on our operating results, any loss or gain incurred as a result of any appreciation or depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the real, among other things, will subsequently be compensated for by the tariffs we charge to our residential and rural consumers. In our income statement, the effects of Itaipu on the line items described above are netted out and recorded in the line item “Deferred loss from Itaipu”. Until that compensation takes place, the accumulated results of profits or losses from Itaipu operations, net of compensation through tariff adjustments, is carried on our balance sheet as a current asset under “Compensation rights”.

Eletronorte

For many years our subsidiary Eletronorte was used as a vehicle for the development of Brazil’s northern region, functioning in some ways as a development agency. In particular, it has supplied electricity pursuant to supply contracts at prices which did not cover its costs. We began to re-negotiate these supply contracts, which are principally with companies in the aluminum smelting industry, in 2004 with the aim of revising the tariffs to cover Eletronorte’s operating costs and gradually pay off its debts. Eletronorte entered into a contract on May 11, 2004 to sell electricity to ALBRAS – Aluminio Brasileiro S.A. (an aluminum producer in the north of Brazil) to provide electrical energy for ALBRAS’ industrial operations, priced on the basis of the international aluminum price. This contract came into effect from June 1, 2004. ALBRAS may terminate the contract with two years’ notice if they elect to discontinue production or start using their own resources for power generation. ALBRAS is not required to pay any amounts related to termination. The total term of this contract is 20 years and the contract includes an energy prepayment of R$1.2 billion. See Note 27a of the Financial Statements.

 

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For 2008 the net losses attributable to Eletronorte amounted to R$2,425 million, compared to R$542 million in 2007 and R$349 million in 2006. The significant increase in the Eletronorte’s losses in 2008 was largely due to a change in our critical accounting policies with respect to impairments. As part of this change we revalued our impairments which resulted in a loss of R$770 million in compliance with CVM Decision 527/2007. In addition, Eletronorte’s debt service payments to us increased by R$553 million pursuant to the terms of the relevant loans which provide for an increase in interest payments over the term of the loans.

Our Role in Administering Brazilian Government Programs

As a mixed-capital company, we are involved in the administration of certain federal programs relating to the electricity industry. These include the RGR Fund, the CCC Account and the CDE Account. The administration of these programs does not directly affect our income statement. Amounts administered with respect to the CCC Account and the RGR Fund are reflected on our balance sheet.

As described further in “Item 4.B, The Brazilian Power Industry—Regulatory Charges”, the CCC Account is collected from all companies as insurance against increased generation costs in connection with the greater use of thermal plants. Amounts collected on account of the CCC Account are reflected on our balance sheet under current assets as “Fuel consumption account” and amounts payable from the CCC Account are reflected under current liabilities as “Fuel consumption account”.

As discussed further in “Item 4.B, The Brazilian Power Industry—Regulatory Changes—Global Reversion Reserve Fund”, we also administer the RGR Fund, which was established to compensate electricity concessionaires for uncompensated expenses when the concessions ended. Amounts held on behalf of the RGR Fund are reflected on our balance sheet as an asset under “Loans and financing receivable” and as a long-term liability under “Global reversal reserve”. Pending use of the funds for their ultimate purpose, we use those funds for lending to companies in the Brazilian electricity sector. We pay an interest rate of 5.0% for borrowing these funds to on-lend. We receive an administration fee of up to 2.0% for the RGR Fund that we administer.

Regulated Distribution Tariffs

For 2008, 7.8% of our net revenues were derived from the distribution of electricity. The distribution companies generally produce losses, which are likely to continue as the tariffs that may be charged by distribution companies are regulated by ANEEL and are adjusted by ANEEL only in accordance with the process set out in “Item 4.B Business Overview—The Brazilian Power Industry—Distribution Tariffs”.

Fixed Transmission Revenues

Unlike revenues from our distribution and generation segments, revenues from our transmission segment are fixed by the Brazilian Government. This applies to all electricity companies with transmission operations in Brazil. As a result of the fact that the transmission revenue fee is fixed, revenues from our transmission segment do not increase or decrease based on the amount of electricity we transmit. The Brazilian Government sets a fixed transmission revenue fee each year that end consumers must pay and this is passed on to us and recorded as revenues from our transmission segment. Thus, our net income may be affected by the fact that our costs in this sector cannot easily be passed on to our customers.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the financial statements included in this annual report, we made estimates and assumptions that we consider reasonable based on our historical experience and other factors. The presentation of our financial condition and results of operations requires that our management make estimates about inherently uncertain matters, such as the book value of our assets, our liabilities and, consequently, our results of operations. Our financial presentation would be materially affected if we were to use different estimates or if we were to change our estimates in response

 

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to future events. To provide an understanding of how our management forms its judgments about future events, including the factors and assumptions underlying those estimates, we have identified the following critical accounting policies.

Impairment

In accordance with SFAS No. 143 “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” we analyze the recoverability of the book value of our assets annually, and as and when required. If we find evidence that an asset might not be recoverable, we estimate the chances of its recoverability. When the residual accounting value of the asset exceeds the recoverable value of such asset, we revaluate the asset downwards, with such resulting amount being known as an impairment. This impairment is then recognized as income for the period. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, we estimate the probability of recovery of the cash-generating unit to which such asset belongs. When using this technique, we discount the estimated future cash flows to present value based on a discounted rate before tax which reflects the market conditions, current money value and specific risks related to such asset group. The recoverable value of an asset or such cash-generating unit is reviewed periodically. Such reversal will have a impact on our income statement and as well as the book value of the relevant asset or cash generating unit.

Reserves for Contingencies

We are party to certain legal proceedings. Apart from the compulsory loans, we record contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5 “Accounting for Contingencies”, which provides that an estimated contingent loss should be recorded when the information available before publication of our applicable financial statements indicates a probability that a future event may give rise to the devaluation of any asset or upon identification of a liability incurred and such liability can be estimated. In accordance with SFAS No. 5, we do not record a provision if the chance of loss in a claim is “remote” or “reasonably possible”. In addition, we do not record provisions for administrative proceedings when those provisions have reached court. We account for the costs which may arise from resolving legal proceedings as discussed under “Risk Factors relating to the Company”. In calculating these accruals, we consult outside and internal counsel that represent us in these proceedings, and our estimates are based on an analysis of possible results, taking into account the applicable litigation and settlement strategies. We request quarterly an inventory of the proceedings being handled by our outside legal counsel that identifies the cases where we have potential losses. Accounting for contingencies requires significant judgment by our management concerning the estimated probabilities and ranges of exposure to potential liability. This is particularly true in the context of the impact of Brazilian tax legislation on us because such legislation has historically proved uncertain in scope and application.

Employee Benefits

We sponsor a defined benefit pension plan that covers almost all of our employees. The actuarial liabilities related to this plan are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions” and are valued by an independent actuary. In addition, we and some of our subsidiaries have also established post-retirement health care plans and subsidize whole-life insurance premiums for “Post-retirement Benefits other than Pensions”. Estimates of the evolution of medical attendance costs, and biometrical and economical hypotheses, as well as historical information on incurred expenses and employees’ contributions are also taken into consideration.

Deferred Regulatory Assets

We record deferred regulatory assets in accordance with SFAS No. 71, “Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation”, which provides that certain costs may be deferred on an entity’s balance sheet (referred to as “regulatory assets”) if it is probable that the costs will be recovered through future increases in regulated revenue rates. An entity applying SFAS No. 71 does not need absolute assurance prior to capitalizing a cost, only reasonable assurance. We capitalize allowable costs incurred, including costs arising out of Brazilian Government mandated power rationing measures, as deferred regulatory assets when instructed by ANEEL and there is a probable expectation that future revenue equal to the costs incurred will be billed and collected as a direct result of the inclusion of the costs in an increased rate set by ANEEL. The deferred regulatory asset is eliminated when we collect the related costs through billings to customers at the increased rate. In the event that ANEEL excludes all or

 

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part of a cost from recovery as a result of its review, that portion of the deferred regulatory asset is impaired and is accordingly reduced to the extent of the excluded cost. We have recorded net deferred regulatory assets expected to be billed to our customers (limited to the amount that may be realized within 24 months as from the balance sheet date). With respect to Itaipu, we consider the net amount of its accumulated results as recoverable costs to be deferred under SFAS 71 and record these costs as a separate line item in the statement of operations.

Derivatives

In accordance with SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and SFAS No. 149 “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” we accounted for derivatives at fair value based on market standard valuation techniques of marking-to-market. We calculate the close-out value of each derivative at maturity based on: (i) the current spot rate; (ii) the domestic interest rate for Brazilian reais quoted for future inter-bank deposits; and (iii) the domestic interest rate for U.S. dollars, the coupon rate. We then compare the result of this calculation with the price negotiated for each derivative, enabling us to estimate a future gain or loss, which we discount to present value by using the fixed interest rate for Brazilian reais quoted for future inter-bank deposits. Any gains or losses are recorded as financial income or expenses, respectively, for the period.

Recovery Costs for Environmental Damage

We incur certain costs to reduce the impact that our operational activities have on the environment. These costs includes those for decommissioning, which involves a series of measures to safely discontinue the operations of our nuclear facilities (Angra I and Angra II) with the objective of reducing residual radioactivity levels. We apply SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations”, in accounting for these costs. SFAS No. 143 requires entities to record the fair value of a legal obligation for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When a new legal obligation is incurred, the entity is required to capitalize the costs of the obligation by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The obligation is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement, an entity settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. For example, in the case of nuclear decommissioning, SFAS No. 143 requires us to record the full fair value of the decommissioning obligation and a corresponding asset, which will then be depreciated over the remaining expected service lives of each plant’s generating units. Our management must exercise considerable judgment in exercising this policy and the following factors are relevant in such decision-making: (i) our estimates must cover costs that are incurred over a long period of time and so our management must consider inherent uncertainties such as changes in laws and the level of nature of our operations; and (ii) SFAS No. 143 requires that we assume the probabilities of projected cash flows and long-term positions in relation to inflation and then determine the credit adjusted to interest rate without risk and premiums on market risks not applicable to operations. In addition, possible changes in estimates may give rise to a significant impact on net income because these costs are discounted to present value over a long period of time.

Taxes on Income

We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109 “Accounting for Income Taxes”. SFAS No. 109 provides that we recognize the effects of deferred tax losses and temporary differences in our consolidated financial statements. We recognize a valuation allowance when we believe there is a higher probability that we will not fully recover tax credits in future. This requires us to carry out estimates on our current tax exposure and assess the temporary differences resulting from the different treatment given to certain items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences give rise to deferred asset and liability taxes, which are presented in our consolidated balance sheet. Accordingly, we assess the probability that our deferred tax credits will be recovered from future taxable income. In the event that we believe that such recovery will not be probable, we recognize a valuation allowance and also recognize a tax expense in our income statement. Any reduction of the valuation allowance leads to recognition of a tax benefit in our income statement. Determination of our provision for income tax or deferred asset and liability income taxes requires significant estimates and judgments by our management. For each future tax credit, we assess the probability that the related tax asset will not be recovered in whole or in part.

 

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Description of Principal Line Items

Operating Revenues

Electric Energy Sales

Our revenues are derived from the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, as set out below:

 

   

revenues in our generation segment derive from the sale to distribution companies and free consumers of electricity that we have generated (including the electricity generated by our share of the Itaipu project) and the resale of electricity from Paraguay’s share of the Itaipu project not used in Paraguay. Revenues from the sale of electricity generation are recorded based on the output delivered at rates specified under contract terms or prevailing regulatory rates;

 

   

revenues from our transmission segment derive from the transmission of electricity over our grid for other electricity concessionaires. These revenues are fixed each year by the Brazilian Government. Revenues received from other concessionaires using our basic transmission network are recognized in the month that the services are provided to the other concessionaires; and

 

   

revenues in our distribution segment derive from the sale to end consumers of electricity that we purchase from generation companies and also some electricity that we generate in thermal plants in isolated areas in the north of Brazil for distribution. Electricity distribution sales to final customers are recognized when power is provided. Billings for these sales are made on a monthly basis. Unbilled revenues from the billing cycle up to the end of each month are estimated based on the prior month’s billing and are accrued at the end of the month. Differences between estimated and actual unbilled revenues, if any, are recognized in the following month.

A very large proportion of our revenues, in any given year, derives from the selling or reselling of electricity from Itaipu. However, the Brazil-Paraguay treaty pursuant to which Itaipu operates provides that these activities must have no effect on our net income.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues are derived from charges imposed on end consumers for the late payment in respect of electricity sold in our distribution segment and, to a lesser extent: (i) electricity sold in our generation segment by our subsidiaries in the northern region of Brazil; and (ii) electricity sold in our transmission segment. There are also other operating revenues that are not attributable to our distribution, generation or transmission segments and which, accordingly, we record under our “corporate” segment. These include: (i) fees for the administration of the RGR and other governmental funds; (ii) a fee charged to Itaipu for the handling of energy from Itaipu; and (iii) revenues resulting from exchange rate variations on the trading of energy from Itaipu. We also derive other operating revenues from telecommunication companies using certain parts of our infrastructure to mount telecom lines.

Taxes on Revenues

Taxes on revenues consists of Imposto sobre a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços—ICMS (or VAT), a sales tax charged on gross revenues. We are subject to different rates of VAT in the different states in which we operate, with the rate of VAT ranging from 7% to 27%. We are not liable for any taxes or revenues in our transmission segment, as provided by applicable regulation.

Regulatory Charges on Revenues

These deductions from gross revenues comprise payments made to the CCC Account, the RGR Fund and similar charges levied on electricity sector participants. Regulatory charges are calculated in accordance with formulae established by ANEEL, which differ according to the type of sector charges, and thus there is no direct correlation between revenues and sector charges.

 

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Operating Costs and Expenses

Electricity Purchased for Resale

Our distribution and generation segments both purchase electricity for resale. Electricity purchased in the distribution segment is purchased from other generators. Electricity purchased in the generation segment represents the Paraguayan portion of the energy from Itaipu that is not used in Paraguay and that we resell to distribution companies and free consumers.

Fuel for Electric Energy Production

The cost of fuel is a significant component of our operating expenses however, a large proportion of these costs (on average, over the periods under discussion, approximately 90% of fuel costs) is subsequently reimbursed from the CCC Account.

Use of Basic Transmission Network

These costs represent charges for transmission of energy over the power lines of third parties.

Emergency Capacity Charges

This is a specific charge imposed on electricity companies in response to the 2001-2002 energy crisis.

Depreciation and Amortization

This represents depreciation and amortization for our property, plant and equipment. We record property, plant and equipment at construction or acquisition cost, as applicable, less accumulated depreciation calculated based on the straight-line method, at rates that take into consideration the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repair and maintenance costs that extend the useful lives of the related assets are capitalized, while other routine costs are charged to our result of operations. Interest relating to debt obtained from third parties incurred during the construction period is capitalized.

Payroll and Related Charges/Third-Party Services/Materials and Supplies

This principally reflects our expenses in respect of employees, office equipment necessary for day to day administrative operations and any outsourcing costs. Third-party services reflect expenses for security, maintenance contractors, consultants and other advisors. As a result of the nature of many of these expenses, we have to apply judgements in making allocations among our operating segments because some of these expenses could be allocated to different segments. Furthermore, this reflects our expenses for administrative items needed for our operations (but excludes raw materials we use in the generation of electricity).

Taxes

This reflects our obligation to pay the Programa de Integração Social (the Social Integration Program or PIS) and Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social (the Contribution for the Financing of Social Security or COFINS) taxes.

Deferred Loss from Itaipu

As discussed above in “—Principal Factors affecting our Financial Performance—Itaipu”, the net effect of the results of operations of Itaipu is recorded in this line item and the accumulated effects of Itaipu operations, net of compensation through tariff adjustments, is carried on our balance sheet a non-current asset under “Deferred regulatory assets”.

 

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Operating Provisions

This reflects provisions we make in respect of: (i) legal proceedings to which we are party; (ii) allowances for doubtful accounts and impairments; and (iii) decommissioning costs, which are the costs associated with decommissioning of nuclear facilities (i.e. safe retirement of nuclear facilities). The cost of decommissioning of a nuclear plant is denominated in U.S. dollars and, accordingly, variations in the U.S. dollar/reais exchange rate influences this cost. We record operating provisions as part of our “Operating expenses” segment.

Interest and Fines

This reflects expenses we incur as a result of interest payments in respect of the financing of Eletrobrás and its controlled companies with third parties as well as potential penalties for late payments.

Donations and Contributions

This reflects expenses relating to investments in new information technology and research and development, as well as investments in cultural programs and sponsorships.

Other Operating Costs

Our other operating costs comprise a number of miscellaneous costs that we incur as part of our day-to-day operations. The most significant components are: (i) costs of leasing goods such as generation units for the Isolated System; (ii) telecommunication costs representing primarily costs incurred for telephone and internet services; (iii) and insurance costs, including insurance for our facilities and property; (iv) taxes payable to ANEEL; and (v) costs of disposal of assets, primarily transformers.

Financial Income (Expenses), Net

Financial Income

This reflects interest income and commissions we receive from loans we made in accordance with the provisions of Brazilian law that permitted us to act as lender to certain public utility companies (see “Item 4.B, Business Overview—Lending and Financing Activities”).

Financial Expenses

This principally reflects payments of dividends to our shareholders, financial income, financial expenses, foreign exchange and monetary gain (loss) and fair value of derivatives.

Foreign Exchange and Monetary Gain (Loss)

Foreign exchange gain (losses) mainly relate to Itaipu, as the financial statements of Itaipu Binacional are presented in U.S. dollars, and this represents our largest exposure to foreign currency risk. A devaluation or depreciation of the real against the U.S. dollar increases our revenues, as it increases the value of the contribution from Itaipu, although the effect of this contribution is netted out, as discussed above. An appreciation of the real decreases our revenues because it decreases the value of the contribution from Itaipu, although the effect of this contribution is similarly netted out as a depreciation of the cost of construction of Itaipu.

Monetary gain (loss) principally relates to outstanding loans we have made to approximately 60 companies that are linked to the inflation rate measured by the IGP-M.

 

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A. Operating Results

The following table shows our revenues and operating expenses as a percentage of net operating revenues:

 

                 Year Ended December 31,            
         2008            2007            2006    

Revenues

        

Electricity sales:

        

Distribution

   9.4%       14.9%       15.7%   

Generation

   79.8%       76.2%       73.7%   

Transmission

   15.3%       15.3%       15.4%   

Other operating revenues

   2.6%       2.1%       3.3%   

Taxes on revenues

   (3.3)%      (3.5)%      (3.9)%  

Regulatory charges on revenues

   (3.9)%      (5.0)%      (4.2)%  
              

Net operating revenues

   100.0%       100.0%       100.0%   

Expenses

        

Operating expenses

   79.4%       82.9%       71.0%   

Financial expenses (income), net

   (16.9)%      14.2%       23.7%   

Expenses (income) before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   37.5%       2.9%       5.3%   

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   2.2%       2.9%       1.6%   

Income taxes

   (11.3)%      (3.2)%      (2.6)%  

Minority interests

   0.0%       0.0%       0.3%   
              

Net income

   28.3%       2.6%       4.6%   

Consolidated Results

This section is an overview of our consolidated results of operations, which are discussed in greater detail with respect to each segment below.

Net Operating Revenues

Net operating revenues for 2008 increased R$5,071 million, or 20.2%, to R$30,231 million compared to R$25,160 million in 2007. This increase was due to:

 

   

an increase of R$4,928 million, or 27.4%, in revenues from our generation segment resulting from an increase in the average price of electricity, and a slight increase in the volume of electricity generated;

 

   

an increase of R$871 million, or 24.0%, in revenues from our transmission segment, primarily due to an increase in the government set fee for transmission and the introduction of new transmission lines; and

 

   

an increase of R$165 million, or 52.4%, in revenues not specifically attributed to our distribution, generation or transmission segments and, accordingly, recorded as part of our “corporate” segment.

partially offset by:

 

   

a decrease of R$893 million, or 27.5%, in revenues from our distribution segment, primarily due to a decrease in the average price of electricity sold and despite a slight increase in the volume sold.

Net operating revenues for 2007 increased R$3,176 million, or 14.5%, to R$25,160 million in 2007 compared to R$21,984 million in 2006. This increase was due to:

 

   

an increase of R$2,672 million, or 17.0%, in revenues from our generation segment resulting from an increase in the average price of electricity, and a slight increase in volume of electricity generated. These increases were partially offset by a slightly larger increase in taxes and regulatory charges;

 

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an increase of R$328 million, or 10.0%, in revenues from our transmission segment, primarily due to an increase in the government-set fee for transmission; and

 

   

an increase of R$310 million, or 10.6%, in revenues from our distribution segment, primarily due to an increase in the average price of electricity sold and an increase in the volume sold.

partially offset by:

 

   

a decrease of R$135 million, or 29.9%, in revenues not specifically attributed to our distribution, generation or transmission segments and, accordingly, recorded as part of our “corporate” segment.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses for 2008, increased R$3,143 million, or 15.1%, to R$24,008 million in 2008 from R$20,865 million in 2007. As a percentage of net operating revenues, operating costs and expenses increased to 79.47% in 2008, compared to 82.9% in 2007. The primary drivers of this increase were:

 

   

a R$2,053 million, or 52.6%, increase in electricity purchased for resale, particularly affecting our generation segment, due to an increase in the price of electricity purchased for resale;

 

   

a R$638 million, or 11.8 %, increase in payroll and related charges, particularly affecting our generation and transmission segments, due to, among other things, an increase in the number of employees and an increase in average salaries;

 

   

a R$150 million, or 15.7%, increase in costs for the use of basic transmission network, impacting both our distribution and generation segments;

 

   

a R$338 million, or 41.2%, increase in fuel for electric power production costs as a result of ONS requiring more electricity from our thermal plants, thereby resulting in increased fuel costs in our generation segment; and

 

   

a R$878 million, or 30.8%, increase in depreciation and amortization costs, particularly due to an increased number of assets in service in 2008.

partially offset by:

 

   

a R$22 million, or 2.8%, decrease in operating provisions. The amount for 2008 was consistent with that for 2007.

 

   

a R$1,163 million, or 64.9%, decrease in other operating costs and expenses, to R$628 million in 2008 from R$1,791 million in 2007, principally due to the fact that Amazonas Energia was able to claim a significant amount of ICMS credits; and

 

   

a R$27 million, or 6%, decrease in the expense of deferred loss from Itaipu to R$406 million in 2008, from R$432 million in 2007, principally due to the fact that tariff adjustments reflected deferred loss from Itaipu for earlier periods.

 

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Operating costs and expenses for 2007 increased R$5,263 million, or 33.7%, to R$20,865 million in 2007 from R$15,601 million in 2006. As a percentage of net operating revenues, operating costs and expenses increased to 82.9% in 2007, compared to 71.0% in 2006. The primary drivers of this increase were:

 

   

deferred loss from Itaipu was an expense of R$432 million in 2007, compared to offsetting revenue of R$1,791 million in 2006, principally due to the fact that tariff adjustments reflected deferred loss from Itaipu for earlier periods. The expense was also driven, to a lesser extent by variations in the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate because Itaipu’s accounting currency is the U.S. dollar while our consolidated accounts are prepared in reais;

 

   

a R$1,364 million, or 53.7%, increase in electricity purchased for resale, particularly affecting our generation segment, due to an increase in the volume of electricity purchased for resale;

 

   

a R$659 million, or 13.9%, increase in payroll and related charges, particularly affecting our generation and transmission segments, due to, among other things, an increase in the number of employees and an increase in average salaries;

 

   

a R$386 million, or 94.0%, increase in operating provisions, particularly affecting our generation segment, principally due to recording a new provision with respect to the fact in 2007 we did not receive reimbursements for electricity rationing, pursuant to the general agreement entered into with the Brazilian Government in 2002 following rationing strategies in the prior year;

 

   

a R$202 million, or 12.7%, increase in other operating costs and expenses, to R$1,791 million in 2007 from R$1,589 million in 2006;

 

   

a R$185 million, or 19.6%, increase in taxes, primarily resulting from an increase in the effective rate of PASEP/COFINS from 3% to 7%, and the increase in revenues from energy sale; and

 

   

a R$40 million, or 4.4%, increase in costs for the use of basic transmission network, impacting both our distribution and generation segments.

partially offset by:

 

   

a R$513 million, or 15.2%, decrease in depreciation and amortization costs, particularly affecting our generation and transmission segments, and particularly as a result of the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate variation relating to Itaipu; and

 

   

a R$68 million, or 7.6% decrease in fuel for electric power production costs as a result of ONS requiring less electricity from our thermal plants, thereby resulting in decreased fuel costs in our generation segment.

Financial Income (Expenses), Net

Financial (income expenses), net was an income in 2008 of R$5,115 million compared to an expense of R$3,582 million in 2007. This was mainly due to the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate variation relating to Itaipu, which was negative in 2007 and positive in 2008.

Financial (income expenses), net for 2007 decreased by R$1,636 million, or 31.3%, to R$3,582 million in 2007 from R$5,218 in 2006. This decrease was mainly due to an increase in financial income, particularly income arising from actuarial adjustments with respect to Furnas’ pension fund, Fundação Real Grandeza, which recorded a surplus in 2007, as well as decreased losses from foreign currency variations. This decrease was offset by the fact that we recorded an expense from the contract for the supply of electricity between Eletronorte and ALBRAS of R$714 million in 2007 compared to revenue of R$120 million in 2006 due to changes in the international price for aluminum.

 

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Equity in Earnings of Affiliated Companies

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies decreased R$75 million, or 10.1%, to R$666 million in 2008 compared to R$740 million in 2007. We set out below a breakdown of these changes by affiliate:

 

   

CTEEP’s results represented an increase in equity from R$218 million to R$319 million. CTEEP’s net income in 2008 was R$827 million, a 3.3% decrease compared to R$856 million recorded in 2007. Net operating income for energy sales increased 18.9%, to R$1,564 million in 2008, from R$1,315 million in 2007. Operating costs of service and general expenses increased 19%, to R$427.7 million in 2008, primarily caused by a reduction of R$48.1 million in the provision for contingencies. CTEEP’s financial results reflected a loss of R$293.4 million in 2008, compared to a gain of R$152 million in 2007, principally due to (i) a R$45.3 million increase in interest expenses due to an increase in the amount of loans contracted in the period; (ii) the recording of R$26.4 million in expenses related to the amortization of a premium, which will revert in a tax benefit for the company. In 2008, CTEEP’s financial income decreased by 88.7% in relation to 2007, largely due to exchange rate variations.

 

   

CEMAT’s results represented a decrease in equity from R$45 million to R$1.4 million. CEMAT’s gross revenues increased 9.1%, from R$1,830 million in 2007 to R$1,997 million in 2008. Cost of services, principally, electric energy purchased for resale and charges on the use of the transmission system, increased 8.9%, from R$613 million in 2007 to R$667.9 million in 2008. Other operating costs increased 18.5%, from R$216 million in 2007 to R$255.5 million in 2008, largely due to an increase of 52.1% in costs associated with outsourcing of operation and maintenance costs of the thermal plants in Baixo Araguaia and an increase of 24.7% in personnel costs related to Luz Para Todos Program. Such increase where partially offset by a 6.8% decrease in operating costs from R$85.5 million in 2007 to R$79.7 million in 2008, principally due to a saving of 24.5% in the cost of sales and a decrease of R$5.1 million, or 271.9%, in relation to a provision for contingencies. CEMAT’ net income decreased 14% to R$84.5 million in 2008 from R$98.6 million in 2007.

 

   

CEMAR’s results represented an increase in equity from R$73.5 million to R$75.2 million. CEMAR’s net revenues from the sale of electricity increased 12.6% in 2008 in comparison with 2007, due to a 4% increase in the volume of sales. In 2008, costs and operational expenses were R$583 million, an 18.7% increase from R$491 million in 2007. In 2007, a reduction of 8.5% in net financial expenses was recorded due to a reduction in net financial expenses to R$35 million in 2008 from R$39 million in 2007. Net income in 2008 was R$227.8 million, an increase of 1.2% from R$180 million in 2007.

 

   

CELPA’s results represented a decrease in equity from R$25 million to R$4.3 million. Gross operating income increased 8.1%, to R$1,897 million in 2008 from R$1,755 million in 2007. This increase was a result of a 7.8% increase in electric energy sales that reduced the effects of the average tariff downward adjustment of 2.0%. Cost of electricity sold, consisting of energy purchases and charges for the use of the transmission system, reached R$584,8 million, a 18.4% increase compared to 2007. This increase was a consequence of the purchase of greater amounts of electricity to meet increased demand, as well as increased prices at auctions compared to previous periods. These costs are “Parcel A” costs and, therefore, will be taken into account in off-setting future tariffs in the next cycle of adjustment. Operating expenses were R$335 million in 2008, an increase of 22.3% compared to R$274 million in 2007. This increase was driven by an increase in the costs for inspection and checking, aimed at combating electricity losses, purchase of fuel for electric energy generation not covered by the Fuel Consumption Account, expansion of the operational structure to service the Luz para Todos Program and compliance with order NR-10 of the Labor Minister (Ministério do Trabalho), which requires that all electricity work be carried out by two workers. Financial costs, notably relating to taxes and fines, decreased 81%. Net income decreased 200% to R$38 million in 2008 from R$114 million in 2007.

 

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EMAE’s results represented an increase in equity from a loss of R$41.9 million in 2007 to a gain of R$15.5 million in 2008. Operating income increased by 160% to R$289 million in 2008 from R$111 million in 2007. The cost of electric energy was reduced by 90.9%, principally due to (i) a decrease in the costs related to the use of the electric network due to the leasing of UTE Piratininga to BSE Energia S.A.; and (ii) an increase of R$32 million in EMAE’s other income (expenses), mainly due to (a) the recording of the UTE Piratininga leasing operation that was registered as a financed sale pursuant to deliberation CVM No. 554/08; and (b) an increase in interest income under the agreement entered into with the Department of Water and Energy - DAEE. These amounts were partially offset by an increase in costs related to EMAE’s pension fund, short-term energy, and personnel expenses due to salary increases in the period. EMAE’s financial expenses increased R$4 million, mainly due to interest payments in connection with the Fundo de Investimentos em Direitos Creditórios- FIDC (Credit Rights Investment Fund) and interest payments in connection with contributions to the RGR Fund. As a result of the factors discussed above, EMAE recorded a profit of R$171 million for 2008.

 

   

Results of other affiliated companies represented a decrease in equity from R$420.4 million to R$375.8 million.

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies increased R$378 million, or 104.4%, to R$740 million in 2007 compared to R$362 million in 2006. We set out below a breakdown of these changes by affiliate:

 

   

CTEEP’s results represented an increase in equity from R$11 million to R$218 million. CTEEP’s net income in 2007 was R$856 million, a 626.8% increase compared to R$118 million recorded in 2006. Gross operating income for energy sales increased 11.6%, to R$1,563 million in 2007, from R$1,401 million in 2006. Charges and taxes increased 37.4%, to R$248 million in 2007 from R$180 million in 2006, due to a 20.8% increase in regulatory charges, combined with an increase of 89.9% in PIS and COFINS. Net operating income thus increased 7.7% to R$1,315 million in 2007 compared to R$1,160 million in 2006. In addition to a decrease in expenses due to modernization of systems, there was a reduction in personnel expenses, combined with a net reversal of provision for contingencies. Personnel expenses in 2006 included provisions of R$397 million for redundancy expenses pursuant to a program that resulted in the dismissal of 1,163 employees in 2007, resulting in a reduction in payroll expenses of 45.1%. Financial results resulted in an expense of R$152 million in 2007 compared to income of R$1 million in 2006 due to an increase of 339.2% in shareholders’ remuneration as well as a reduction of 70.9% in financial income. Income taxes and social contribution increased 530.1% or R$224 million, to R$256.6 million in 2007 compared to R$42 million in 2006.

 

   

CEMAT’s results represented an increase in equity from R$34 million to R$45 million. CEMAT’s gross revenues increased 10.6%, from R$1,655 million in 2006 to R$1,830 million in 2007. Net operating revenues in 2007 were R$1,129 million, representing an increase of 13.9% from 2006. This increase was driven mainly by an increase in economic activity in the region supplied by CEMAT and an average tariff increase of 9.8%. Cost of services, principally electric energy purchased for resale and charges on the use of the transmission system, totaled R$540 million in 2007, an increase of 1.0% from R$535 million in 2006. Operating costs were R$216 million in 2007 and R$162 million in 2006, an increase of 33.3%. This increase was influenced by an increase in depreciation and amortization, due to an increase in plants under construction in 2007, rent of generation units, outsourcing of operation and maintenance costs of the thermal plants in Baixo Araguaia, administrative/operational restructuring, and service of the Luz para Todos Program. Net income increased 75.5% to R$147 million in 2007 from R$84 million in 2006.

 

   

CEMAR’s results represented an increase in equity from R$63.5 million to R$73.5 million. CEMAR’s gross revenues from the sale of electricity increased 19.8% in 2007 in comparison with 2006, due to a 10.5% increase in volume of sales and tariff increases of 14.6% in August 2006 and 8.1% in August 2007. In 2007, costs and operational expenses were R$491 million, a 5.3%

 

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increase from R$466 million in 2006. In 2007 a reduction of 4.5% in net financial expenses was recorded due to a reduction in expenses to R$39 million in 2007 from R$41 million in 2006. Net income in 2007 was R$180 million, an increase of 1.5% from R$178 million in 2006.

 

   

CELPA’s results represented an increase in equity from R$20 million to R$25 million Gross operating income increased 3.3%, to R$1,755 million in 2007 from R$1,699 million in 2006. This increase was a result of an 8.0% increase in electric energy sales that reduced the effects of the average tariff downward adjustment of 9.7%. Cost of electricity sold, consisting of energy purchases and charges for the use of the transmission system, reached R$494 million, 20.1% above 2006. This increase was a consequence of the purchase of greater amounts of electricity to meet increased demand, through auctions with higher costs than those in previous periods. These costs are “Parcel A” costs and, therefore, will be taken into account in setting future tariffs in the next cycle of adjustment. Operating expenses were R$274 million, an increase of 18.6% compared to R$231 million in 2006. This increase was driven by an increase in costs for inspection and checking, aimed at combating electricity losses, purchase of fuel for electric energy generation not covered by the Fuel Consumption Account, and expansion of the operational structure to service the Luz para Todos program. Financial costs, notably relating to taxes and fines, decreased 45.2%. Net income increased 43.8% to R$114 million in 2007 from R$79 million in 2006.

 

   

EMAE’s results represented a decrease in equity from a loss of R$31 million to a loss of R$41.9 million. Operating income decreased 17.6% to R$111 million in 2007. A 13.1% increase in expenses in energy auctions in 2007 was due to higher volume and better pricing on energy traded compared to 2006. The decrease of income from short-term energy through the CCEE was a result of the non-dispatch, by ONS, of energy from thermal sources, represented by Usina Termoelétrica Piratininga (UTP), which also occurred in 2006 for service of the Interconnected System. EMAE took part in auctions for energy, resulting in 2007 income of R$14 million. Costs of electricity sold increased 22.1%, mainly due to fuel for production of electric energy at UTP; employee pension fund payments and provision for realization of credits (free energy), offset by increases in items including short-term energy, charges on the use of electric energy, personnel and operating provisions. Non-operating income was provided by income from operation and maintenance at Usina Termelétrica Nova Piratininga, for Petrobrás, generating income of R$7 million, and maintenance at Barragem Móvel Penha, for the Department of Water and Energy – DAEE, generating income of R$2 million. EMAE ended 2007 with a loss from operations of R$66 million compared to a loss of R$90 million in 2006. Financial income of R$11 million, mainly due to updating and interest with respect to the contract with the Department of Water and Electricity of the State of São Paulo. Financial expenses reached R$6.6 million, as a result of charges on debts with BNDES and FIDC. As a result of the factors discussed above, after income tax and deferred social contribution, EMAE ended the year with a loss of R$81 million.

 

   

Results of other affiliated companies represented an increase in equity from R$264.5 million to R$420.4 million.

Income Taxes

Current income taxes increased R$729 million, or 35.8%, to R$2,767 million in 2008 from R$2,038 million in 2007. Deferred income taxes decreased R$566 million, or 46.3% to R$657 million in 2008 from R$1,223 million in 2007. These changes were largely due to fact that variatiations in the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate affected our financial results significantly.

Current income taxes increased R$738 million, or 56.8%, to R$2,038 million in 2007 from R$1,300 million in 2006. Deferred income taxes increased R$491 million, or 67.1% to R$1,223 million in 2007 from R$732 million in 2006. These changes were partly as a result of recognition for tax purposes of income from the embedded derivative contracts relating to the contract between Eletronorte and ALBRAS for the supply of electricity to ALBRAS.

 

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Minority Interest

Minority interest decreased R$29 million, or 181.3%, to an expense of R$13 million in 2008 from a revenue of R$16 million in 2007, due to adjustments in interest relating to our subsidiaries and affiliates.

Minority interest decreased R$51 million, or 76.1%, to R$16 million in 2007 from R$67 million in 2006, due to adjustments in interest relating to the distribution companies of the north and northeastern region.

Net Income

As a result of the factors discussed above, our net income for 2008 increased R$7,912 million or 1207.7% to R$8,567 million from R$655 million in 2007.

As a result of the factors discussed above, our net income for 2007 decreased R$371 million or 36.2% to R$655 million from R$1,026 million in 2006.

Results of Distribution Segment

Net Operating Revenues

Net operating revenues for the distribution segment decreased R$893 million, or 27.5%, to R$2,352 million in 2008 from R$3,245 million in 2007.

Net operating revenues for the distribution segment increased R$310 million, or 10.6%, to R$3,245 million in 2007 from R$2,935 million in 2006.

Electricity Sales

Electricity sales decreased R$891 million, or 23.8%, to R$2,856 million in 2008 from R$3,746 million in 2007. This decrease was due to a 25.4% decrease in average tariffs to 261.8 reais per MWh in 2008 from 350.9 reais per MWh in 2007, despite a 2.2% increase in the volume of electricity sold to 10,909,107 MWh in 2008 from 10,676,983 MWh in 2007.

Electricity sales increased R$291 million, or 8.4%, to R$3,746 million in 2007 from R$3,455 million in 2006. This increase was due to a 6.4% increase in the volume of electricity sold to 10,676,983 MWh in 2007 from 10,037,379 MWh in 2006, together with a 2.0% increase in average tariffs to 350.9 reais per MWh in 2007 from 344.2 reais per MWh in 2006.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues increased R$2 million, or 52.4%, to R$7 million in 2008 from R$5 million in 2007.

Other operating revenues decreased R$2 million, or 29.9%, to R$5 million in 2007 from R$7 million in 2006.

Taxes on Revenues

Taxes on revenues increased R$15 million, or 4.8%, to R$330 million in 2008 from R$315 million in 2007. This increase, despite a decrease in revenues, was because we had less tax-exempt consumers during the period.

Taxes on revenues decreased R$71 million, or 18.3%, to R$315 million in 2007 from R$386 million in 2006. This decrease, despite an increase in revenues, was because we had more tax-exempt consumers during the period.

 

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Regulatory Charges on Revenues

Regulatory charges on revenues decreased R$10 million, or 5.4%, to R$181 million in 2008 from R$191 million in 2007. This was due to the overall decrease in revenues for the distribution segment.

Regulatory charges on revenues increased R$50 million, or 35.5%, to R$191 million in 2007 from R$141 million in 2006. This was a result of ANEEL increasing the rates of regulatory charges.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses for distribution increased R$618 million, or 31.6%, to R$2,575 million in 2008 from R$1,957 million in 2007. The primary components of this increase were:

 

   

a R$23 million, or 29.4%, increase in taxes to R$102 million in 2008 from R$79 million in 2007, as a result of a reduction in the supply of energy to low voltage consumers, which is exempt from ICMS;

 

   

a R$39 million, or 15.7%, increase in use of basic transmission network to R$283 million in 2008 from R$245 million in 2007. This was due to an increase in the tariff for transmission;

 

   

payroll and related charges increased R$8 million, or 11.8%, to R$76 million in 2008 from R$68 million in 2007. This was due to an increase in incentive payments to certain employees as an inducement for early retirement, together with an increase in salaries and number of employees; and

 

   

electricity purchased for resale increased R$634 million, or 50.3%, to R$1,895 million in 2008 from R$1,260 million in 2007. This was principally due to an increase in the average price of electricity purchased for resale of 72.6% to 148.14 reais per MWh in 2008 from 85.85 reais per MWh in 2007, despite a decrease in the volume of electricity purchased for resale to 1,892,200 MWh in 2008 from 12,788,737 MWh in 2007.

Operating costs and expenses for distribution increased R$91 million, or 4.9%, to R$1,957 million in 2007 from R$1,866 million in 2006. The primary components of this increase were:

 

   

operating provisions increased R$47 million, or 94.0%, to R$97 million in 2007 from R$50 million in 2006. This was principally due to a new provision recorded in relation to the merger between Ceam—Companhia Energética do Estado do Amazonas and Manaus Energia S.A.;

 

   

other operating costs and expenses increased R$20 million, or 14.6%, to R$157 million in 2007 from R$137 million in 2006 due to the leasing of equipment and contracting outsourced services;

 

   

a R$13 million, or 19.6%, increase in taxes to R$79 million in 2007 from R$66 million in 2006, as a result of an increase in net income;

 

   

a R$10 million, or 4.4%, increase in use of basic transmission network to R$245 million in 2007 from R$235 million in 2006. This was due to an increase in the tariff for transmission;

 

   

payroll and related charges increased R$8 million, or 13.3%, to R$68 million in 2007 from R$60 million in 2006. This was due to an increase in incentive payments to certain employees as an inducement for early retirement, together with an increase in salaries; and

 

   

electricity purchased for resale remained relatively stable, with an increase of 0.1% or R$1 million, to R$1,260 million in 2007 from R$1,259 million in 2006. This was principally due to an increase in the volume of electricity purchased for resale of 16.1% to 14,680,997 MWh in 2007 from 12,644,121 MWh in 2006, offset by a 20.0% decrease in the average price of electricity purchased for resale to 85.84 reais per MWh in 2007 from 99.54 reais per MWh in 2006.

 

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Results of Generation Segment

Net Operating Revenues

Net operating revenues for the generation segment increased R$4,928 million, or 27.4%, to R$22,904 million in 2008 from R$17,976 million in 2007.

Net operating revenues for the generation segment increased R$2,672 million, or 17.0%, to R$17,976 million in 2007 from R$15,305 million in 2006.

Electricity Sales

Electricity sales increased R$4,941 million in 2008, or 25.8%, to R$24,121 million in 2008 from R$19,180 million in 2007. This increase was due to an increase of 15.6% increase in average tariffs to 94.5 reais per MWh in 2008 from 81.7 reais per MWh in 2007, and a 8.8% increase in volume of electricity sold to 255,359,031 MWh in 2008 from 234,651,742 MWh in 2007.

Electricity sales increased R$2,987 million, or 18.0%, to R$19,180 million in 2007 from R$16,192 million in 2006. This increase was due to an increase of 16.2% in average tariffs to 81.7 reais per MWh in 2007 from 70.3 reais per MWh in 2006, and a 1.9% increase in volume of electricity sold to 234,651,742 MWh in 2007 from 230,184,791 MWh in 2006.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues for generation increased R$39 million, or 51.3%, to R$115 million in 2008 from R$76 million in 2007. This increase was primarily due to the fact that a larger proportion of other companies in the northeastern region of Brazil hired Eletronorte to service and maintain the facilities of those companies.

Other operating revenues for generation decreased R$32 million, or 29.9%, to R$76 million in 2007 from R$108 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily driven by Eletronorte being hired less by other companies in the northeast region of Brazil to service and maintain the facilities of those companies.

Taxes on Revenues

Taxes on revenues increased R$91 million, or 16.2%, to R$654 million in 2008 from R$563 million in 2007, due to the overall increase in revenues for the generation segment.

Taxes on revenues increased R$98 million, or 21.0%, to R$563 million in 2007 from R$466 million in 2006, more than the increase in revenues due to a decrease in reimbursements received from the CCC Account.

Regulatory Charges on Revenues

Regulatory charges on revenues decreased R$39 million, or 5.4%, to R$677 million in 2008 from R$716 million in 2007. This decrease is mainly due to the fact that we received less reimbursements from the CCC Account.

Regulatory charges on revenues increased R$188 million, or 35.3%, to R$716 million in 2007 from R$529 million in 2006. This increase is mainly due to a change in ANEEL’s treatment of the CCC Account.

 

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Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses for generation increased R$2,428 million, or 17%, to R$16,716 million in 2008 from R$14,288 million in 2007. The primary components of this increase were:

 

   

a R$26 million, or 6%, decrease in the expense of deferred loss from Itaipu to R$406 million in 2008, from R$432 million in 2007, principally due to the fact that tariff adjustments reflected deferred loss from Itaipu for earlier periods;

 

   

electricity purchased for resale increased R$1,418 million, or 53.6%, to R$4,062 million in 2008 from R$2,644 million in 2007. This was principally due to a 418.6% increase in the average price of electricity purchased for resale to 551.6 reais per MWh in 2008 from 106.4 reais per MWh in 2007.

 

   

payroll and related charges increased R$393 million, or 11.8%, to R$3,722 million in 2008 from R$3,329 million in 2007. This was due to an increase in incentive payments to certain employees as an inducement for early retirement, together with an increase in salaries and number of employees;

 

   

taxes increased R$242 million, or 29.4%, to R$1,063 million in 2008 from R$821 million in 2007, primarily resulting from an increase in revenues from sale of electricity and other revenues;

 

   

a R$111 million, or 15.7%, increase in the costs of use of basic transmission network to R$818 million in 2008 from R$707 million in 2007. This was due to an increase in the tariff for transmission;

 

   

a R$338 million, or 41.2%, increase in costs of fuel for electric power production to R$1,159 million in 2008 from R$821 million in 2007, due to an increased use of our thermal plants; and

 

   

a R$515 million, or 30.8%, increase in depreciation and amortization to R$2,189 million in 2008 from R$1,674 million in 2007, as a result of an increase of assets in service in 2008.

partially offset by:

 

   

operating provisions decreased R$12 million, or 2.8%, to R$411 million in 2008 from R$423 million in 2007. The number of 2008 was in line with 2007; and

 

   

other operating costs and expenses decreased R$733 million, or 63%, to R$427 million in 2008 from R$1,160 million in 2007. This decrease was due to the fact that Amazonas Energia was able to claim a significant amount of ICMS credits.

Operating costs and expenses for generation increased R$4,607 million, or 47.6%, to R$14,288 million in 2007 from R$9,681 million in 2006. The primary components of this increase were:

 

   

deferred loss from Itaipu was an expense of R$432 million in 2007, compared to offsetting revenue of R$1,791 million in 2006, principally due to the fact that tariff adjustments reflected deferred loss from Itaipu for earlier periods. The expense was also driven, to a lesser extent by variations in the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate because Itaipu’s accounting currency is the U.S. dollar while our consolidated accounts are prepared in reais;

 

   

electricity purchased for resale increased R$1,362 million, or 106.3%, to R$2,644 million in 2007 from R$1,282 million in 2006. This was principally due to a 22.3% increase in the average price of electricity purchased for resale to 106.4 reais per MWh in 2007 from 87.0 reais per MWh in 2006 and an increase in the volume of electricity purchased for resale by 68.7% to 24,858,429 MWh in 2007 from 14,733,550 MWh in 2006;

 

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payroll and related charges increased R$406 million, or 13.9%, to R$3,329 million in 2007 from R$2,924 million in 2006. This was due to an increase in incentive payments to certain employees as an inducement for early retirement, together with an increase in salaries;

 

   

operating provisions increased R$205 million, or 94.0%, to R$423 million in 2007 from R$218 million in 2006. This was principally due to recording a new provision with respect to the fact that in 2007 we did not receive reimbursements for electricity rationing, pursuant to the general agreement entered into with the Brazilian Government in 2002 following rationing strategies in the prior year;

 

   

taxes increased R$134 million, or 19.6%, to R$821 million in 2007 from R$687 million in 2006, primarily as a result of an increase in revenues from sale of electricity and other revenues;

 

   

other operating costs and expenses increased R$133 million, or 13.3%, to R$1,160 million in 2007 from R$1,027 million in 2006. This increase was primarily due to provisioning of loss with respect to a voluntary dismissal program; and

 

   

a R$30 million, or 4.4%, increase in the costs of use of basic transmission network to R$707 million in 2007 from R$677 million in 2006. This was due to an increase in the tariff for transmission.

partially offset by:

 

   

a R$301 million, or 15.2%, decrease in depreciation and amortization to R$1,674 million in 2007 from R$1,975 million in 2006, as a result of foreign exchange variation relating to Itaipu; and

 

   

a decrease in costs to fuel for electric power production of R$68 million, or 7.6%, to R$821 million in 2007 from R$889 million in 2006. This was due to receipts from the CCC account.

Results of Transmission Segment

Net Operating Revenues

Net operating revenues for the transmission segment increased R$871 million, or 24.0%, to R$4,494 million in 2008 from R$3,623 million in 2007.

Net operating revenues for the transmission segment increased R$328 million, or 10.0%, to R$3,623 million in 2007 from R$3,295 million in 2006.

Electricity Sales

Electricity sales increased R$787 million, or 20.4%, to R$4,639 million in 2008 from R$3,852 million in 2007 as a result of an increase in the fixed transmission fee set by the Brazilian Government and the introduction of new transmission lines in the period.

Electricity sales increased R$473 million, or 14.0%, to R$3,852 million in 2007 from R$3,379 million in 2006 as the result of an increase in the fixed transmission fee set by the Brazilian Government and the introduction of new transmission lines in the period.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues increased R$65 million, or 52.4%, to R$189 million in 2008 from R$124 million in 2007. This increase was primarily driven by the fact that a larger proportion of other companies in the northeastern region of Brazil hired Eletronorte to service and maintain the facilities of those companies.

 

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Other operating revenues decreased R$53 million, or 29.9%, to R$124 million in 2007 from R$177 million in 2006. This decrease was primarily driven by Eletronorte being hired less by other companies in the northeast region of Brazil to service and maintain the facilities of those companies.

Regulatory Charges on Revenues

Regulatory charges on revenues decreased R$19 million, or 5.4%, to R$334 million in 2008 from R$353 million in 2007. Despite an increase in revenues, regulatory charges on revenues decreased, as these charges are not calculated on our total revenues but are instead calculated with reference to certain line items, such as research and development, which decreased in 2008.

Regulatory charges on revenues increased R$92 million, or 35.3%, to R$353 million in 2007 from R$261 million in 2006, as a result of the expenses generated by Eletrosul, which still does not produce revenues for its generation activities.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses for transmission increased R$69 million, or 2%, to R$3,594 million in 2008 from R$3,525 million in 2007. The primary component of the change was:

 

   

an increase in depreciation and amortization costs of R$344 million, or 30.8%, to R$1,462 million in 2008 from R$1,118 million in 2007, primarily as a result of foreign currency variations relating to the disposal of assets and to Itaipu;

 

   

an increase in payroll and related charges of R$185 million, or 11.8%, to R$1,757 million in 2008 from R$1,572 million in 2007, principally as a result of an increase in incentive payments to certain employees as an inducement for early retirement, together with an increase in salaries and number of employees; and

 

   

an increase in taxes of R$28 million, or 29.2%, to R$124 million in 2008 from R$96 million in 2007, as a result of the overall increase in revenues for the transmission segment.

partially offset by:

 

   

a decrease in impairments of R$267 million, or 89.1%, to R$33 million in 2008 from R$300 million in 2007, due to the adjustment of the impairments recorded in 2007. The only impairment recorded in 2008 was the impairment relating to the transmission line from Venezuela to Brazil.

Operating costs and expenses for transmission increased R$379 million, or 12.0%, to R$3,525 million in 2007 from R$3,147 million in 2006. The primary components of the change were:

 

   

payroll and related charges increased R$191 million, or 13.9%, to R$1,572 million in 2007 from R$1,381 million in 2006, principally as a result of increased salaries and the number of employees and the early retirement program for Eletrosul;

 

   

operating provisions were an expense of R$92 million in 2007, compared to revenue of R$47 million in 2006. This was due to recording a new provision in relation to a voluntary dismissal program for employees and certain taxes;

 

   

other operating costs and expenses increased R$28 million, or 8.9%, to R$348 million in 2007 from R$320 million in 2006. This increase was primarily caused by a R$0.8 million, or 2.0%, increase in the cost of leasing goods caused by increased demand and, a R$0.8 million, or 5.0%, increase in the fiscalization fee for ANEEL; and

 

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taxes increased R$16 million, or 19.6%, to R$96 million in 2007 from R$80 million in 2006, as a result of a decrease in the rates of sales taxes during the period related to PASEP and COFINS.

partially offset by:

 

   

a decrease in depreciation and amortization costs of R$201 million, or 15.3%, to R$1,118 million in 2007 from R$1,319 million in 2006, primarily as a result of foreign currency variations relating to the disposal of assets and to Itaipu;

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity derive from the cash generated by our operations and from loans received from various sources, including the RGR Fund (established to compensate electricity concessionaires for uncompensated expenses when the concessions ended and described more fully in “—Principal Factors Affecting our Financial Performance—Our Role in Administering Brazilian Government Programs”), loans from third parties, including certain international agencies, and realizations of various investments we have made with Banco do Brasil S.A., with whom we are required by law to deposit any surplus cash assets.

We require funding principally in order to finance the upgrade and expansion of our generation and transmission facilities and in order to repay our maturing debt obligations. In addition, through our subsidiaries, we are bidding in auctions for new transmission lines and new generation contracts. In the event that we are successful in any of these auctions, we will need additional cash to fund investments necessary to expand the applicable operations.

From time to time, we consider potential new investment opportunities and we may finance such investments with cash generated by our operations, loans, the international capital markets, capital increases or other sources of funding that may be available at the relevant time. At present we have the ability to fund up to R$4 billion of capital expenditure out of existing resources without recourse to the capital markets. Those funds represent a portion of the revenues we have generated from our sales of electricity and the interest we have received from our lending activities.

 

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our net cash flows for the periods presented:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006
     (in R$ thousands)

Net Cash Flows:

        

Provided by operating activities

       15,269,453            15,437,093            8,763,539    

Used in investing activities

       (5,909,096)           (4,129,011)           (3,766,573)   

Used in financing activities

       (3,972,983)           (8,879,464)           (3,683,869)   
              

Total

       5,387,374            2,428,619            1,313,097    
              

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities primarily result from the sale and transmission of electricity to a stable and diverse base of retail and wholesale customers at fixed prices. Cash flows from operating activities have been sufficient to meet operating and capital expenditures requirements during the periods under discussion.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our cash flows from investing activities primarily reflect:

 

   

restricted investments, being the surplus cash we are required to either deposit with Banco do Brasil S.A. (or in certain other investments issued by the Brazilian Government);

 

   

investment acquisitions, being partnerships we enter into with third parties in the private sector in relation to the operation of new plants;

 

   

the following types of marketable debt and equity securities:

 

   

“CFT-E1” debt securities issued by the Brazilian Government: these securities are indexed to the IGP-M inflation index, do not bear interest and are due to mature in August 2012;

 

   

“NTN-P” debt securities issued by the Brazilian Government: these securities are indexed to the Taxa Referencial (or TR) rate, a monthly benchmark rate published by the Central Bank, bear interest at the rate of 6.0% per annum and mature on varying dates beginning in February 2012;

 

   

“Beneficiary party” equity securities issued by the following companies: (i) Rede Lajeado Energia S.A.; (ii) EDP Lajeado Energia S.A.; (iii) CEB Lajeado S.A.; and (iv) Paulista Lajeado Energia S.A. We receive dividend income from these shareholdings based on the annual profits that each company achieves;

 

   

acquisitions of fixed assets, being primarily investments in equipment necessary for operational activities;

 

   

restricted deposits for legal proceedings, the deposits we are required to pay into court in Brazil where we are the plaintiff in legal proceedings; and

 

   

deferred regulatory assets, primarily representing the cash effect of the accumulated results of profits or losses from Itaipu operations, net of compensation through tariff adjustments.

In 2008, our cash flows from investing activities increased R$1,780 million, or 43.1%, from an expense of R$4,129 million in 2007 to an expense of R$5,909 million in 2008, as variations in the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate relating to Itaipu strongly affected our valuation of property, plant and equipment.

 

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our cash flows used in financing activities primarily reflect interest income we receive from short-term and long-term loans made to non-affiliated companies that operate in the Brazilian electricity sector.

In 2008, our cash flows from financing activities decreased R$4,906 million, or 123.5%, from an expense of R$8,879 million in 2007 to an expense of R$3,973 million in 2008, as variations in the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate relating to Itaipu strongly affected our liabilities.

Relationship between Appropriated Retained Earnings and Cash Flows

At December 31, 2008, our balance sheet reflected retained reserves of R$19.9 billion, which consisted of our statutory reserves but does not include unpaid shareholders’ remuneration (see “Item 8.A, Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Information—Policy on dividend distribution”).

Capital Expenditure

In the last five years, we have invested an average of R$3.2 billion per year in capital projects. Approximately 45% was invested in our generation segment, 40% in our transmission segment and the balance in our distribution segment and other investments.

Our core business is the generation, transmission and distribution of energy and we intend to invest heavily in these two segments in the next years.

Companies are now selected to construct new generation units and transmission lines by a tender process. It is, therefore, difficult to predict the precise amounts that we will invest in these segments going forward. We are, however, working to secure a significant number of new contracts either alone or as part of a consortium including the private sector.

We believe that Brazil may need to increase up to 36,000 km of transmission lines and up to 55,000 MW of installed generation capacity during the next ten years. These investments will represent approximately U.S.$42 billion. As the current largest player in the market, we expect to participate in the majority of these new investments. We believe that investments over the next ten years will be greater than R$3 billion per year, which we invested in previous years. For these investments, we expect to use fundings derived from our net cash flow as well as from accessing the national and international capital markets and through financing.

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses

Research and Development

Our research and planning activities are carried out by Cepel, a non-profit entity created in 1974 with the objective of supporting the technological development of the Brazilian electricity sector. We are the primary sponsor of Cepel and participate in coordinating environmental planning and energy conservation programs. Cepel’s clients are our operating subsidiaries (including Itaipu and Eletronuclear) and other Brazilian and foreign electric utilities. Cepel’s activities aim to achieve high quality standards and productivity in the electricity sector through technological research and development. Cepel has a network of laboratories to undertake its activities, and maintains technical co-operation agreements with several international electric energy research and development institutions. Cepel prioritizes strategic and structuring projects, with its activities concentrated in five departments:

 

   

Systems Automation Department: this department focuses on the development of tools to obtain data, real time operation of electric systems and analysis of disturbances;

 

   

Electric Systems Department: this department focuses on the development of methodologies and computer programs that provide conditions for expansion, supervision, control and operation of core systems;

 

   

Special Technologies Department: this department surveys the application of technologies relating to the use of materials for electric installations, energy efficiency and renewable sources, including the analysis of sustainability and economic viability;

 

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Installation and Equipment Department: this department focuses on the development of technologies to refine equipment used in generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy (computer models, testing and measuring techniques, monitoring and diagnosis systems); and

 

   

Energy Optimization and Environment Department: this department focuses on the development of methodologies and computer programs for the planning of expansion and operation of interconnected hydrothermal systems and on integrated evaluation of environmental issues.

We have a central group survey center that performs scientific studies, measurements, specialist analyses and other tests and analyses that are relevant to our core operations. This center has a certification from the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia (the Brazilian National Metrology Institute) that allows it to certify electrical equipment. Cepel also focuses on the development of energy efficiency projects including those relating to the generation of electricity from renewable sources such as solar and wind power. As part of this focus, Cepel’s structure includes the following projects: (i) the Centro de Referência para Energia Solar e Eólica Sérgio de Salvo Brito (National Reference Center for Solar and Wind Powered Energy of Salvo Brito); (ii) the Casa Solar Eficiente (Solar Efficient House); and (iii) the Centro de Aplicação de Tecnologias Eficientes (Center for the Application of Efficient Technologies).

Patents and Licenses

Among others, we have registered “Eletrobrás” as a trademark with the Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial - INPI. Further, Cepel has nineteen patents registered with the INPI relating to equipment and manufacturing processes.

Insurance

We maintain insurance for, fire, natural disasters, accidents involving third parties, certain other risks associated with the transportation and assembly of equipment, construction of plants, and multirisks. Our subsidiaries and Itaipu have similar insurance coverage. We do not have insurance coverage for business interruption risk because we do not believe that the high premiums are justified by the low risks of a major disruption, considering the energy available in the Interconnected Power System. We believe that we maintain insurance that is both customary in Brazil and adequate for the business in which we engage.

D. Trend Information

Our management has identified the following key trends, which contain certain forward-looking information and should be read in conjunction with “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information” and “Item 3.A, Risk Factors”. Fundamentally, we believe these trends will allow us to continue to grow our business and improve our corporate image:

 

   

electricity is in constant demand: unlike certain industries which are particularly vulnerable to cyclical conditions in the market and/or seasonality, the demand for electricity is constant. We believe we will continue to have the ability to set tariffs in accordance with market conditions, particularly in the generation segment. Although tariffs in the transmission segment are set by the Brazilian Government each year, we believe that these tariffs will continue to increase;

 

   

participation in future auctions will allow us to grow: we expect to participate in an increasing number of future new energy auctions, as well as new transmission auctions, and will, accordingly need to invest in new power generation plants (both hydroelectric and thermal) and new transmission lines in order to expand the existing grid and keep our current market share. We also believe that by focusing on generation and transmission, we will be able to maximize profits by improving efficiency in our existing infrastructure and capitalizing on opportunities arising from new infrastructure;

 

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a decrease in regulatory charges once infrastructure investments have been completed: in recent periods, our financial results have been impacted by regulatory charges regulated by ANEEL. The proceeds of these charges have been used by the Brazilian Government to invest in infrastructure such as the CCC and RGR. As this infrastructure is completed, we believe ANEEL will decrease the levels of regulatory charges, which will have a positive effect on our financial results. Moreover, we believe that the completion of these infrastructure projects will have a beneficial effect on our ability to grow our business;

 

   

revenues from third parties for maintenance of facilities: although the core of our business will remain the generation and transmission segments, we have successfully increased our revenues in recent periods by using our expertise to provide maintenance services for other companies in our industry. Our subsidiary Eletronorte has been the key conduit for this. We expect this trend to continue, thereby improving our financial position; and

 

   

an increasing focus on environmental, health and safety concerns: there is a trend in Brazil and globally towards increasing concerns for the protection of the environment. This impacts us in various ways, including dealing with social and political issues that may arise when we seek to construct new facilities (particularly in remote areas of Brazil) and reduced carbon emission targets from facilities that rely on fossil fuel. One of the key challenges for us will be to balance these environmental concerns against the growth of our business, as these concerns naturally can increase cost pressures. There is also an increasing trend in Brazil towards more stringent health and safety requirements with respect to operating permits for our facilities, which similarly imposes cost pressure challenges on our business.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None of our off-balance sheet arrangements are of the type with respect to which we are required to provide disclosure pursuant to item 5.E of Form 20-F.

F. Contractual Obligations

We set out below, on a segment basis, our long-term debt and long-term purchase obligations for the periods presented:

 

     Payments due by period at December 31, 2008
     (in R$ thousands)
Long-term debt obligations:    2010    2011    2012    2013    2014
    and after    

Generation

       1,430,023                1,229,454                1,468,478                1,494,573                14,589,962        

Transmission

       606,023                521,024                622,319                633,378                6,183,011        

Distribution

       78,834                67,777                80,954                82,393                804,313        
                        

Total

       2,114,879                1,818,255                2,171,751                2,210,343                21,577,286        
                        

 

     Payments due by period at December 31, 2008
     (in R$ thousands)
Long-term purchase obligations:    2009    2010    2011    2012    2013
    and after    

Generation

       622,096            552,501            555,499            558,335            1,422,686    

Transmission

   —            —            —            —            —        

Distribution

       1,873,891            1,968,491            2,089,877            2,281,732            11,877,266    
                        

Total

       2,495,987            2,520,992            2,645,376            2,840,067            13,299,952    
                        

 

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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Board of Directors and Senior Management

We are managed by our Conselho de Administração (or Board of Directors), composed of up to ten members, and by our Diretoria (or Board of Executive Officers), which currently consists of six members. Our by-laws also provide for a permanent Conselho Fiscal (or Fiscal Council), which is made up of five members. Pursuant to our by-laws, all members of our Board of Directors, Board of Executive Officers and Fiscal Council must be Brazilian citizens.

Board of Directors

The members of our Board of Directors are elected at the general shareholders meeting for a renewable term of three years. However, on April 28, 2005, our shareholders approved an amendment to our by-laws pursuant to which the term of office of each member of our Board of Directors will decrease from three years to one year. In accordance with Law No. 3,890 – A of April 25, 1961, this amendment is subject to approval in the form of a Presidential decree, which is pending at the date of this annual report. Pursuant to Brazilian corporate law, the members of our Board of Directors must be shareholders of the company. As our majority shareholder, the Brazilian Government has the right to appoint eight members of our Board of Directors, of which seven are appointed by the MME and one by the Ministério do Estado do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão (the Planning, Budget and Management Ministry). The minority shareholders have the right to elect one member, and the holders of preferred shares without voting rights representing at least ten percent of our total capital have the right to elect one member. Currently, our Board of Directors is composed of nine members since our preferred shareholders did not elect a director at the last Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting in April 2009. One of the members of the Board of Directors is appointed as Chairman.

Our Board of Directors ordinarily meets once a month and when called by a majority of the directors or the Chairman. Among other duties, our Board of Directors is responsible for: (i) establishing our business guidelines; (ii) determining the corporate organization of our subsidiaries or any equity participation by us in other legal entities; (iii) approving our entering into any loan agreement and determining our financing policy; and (iv) approving any guarantee in favor of any of our subsidiaries in connection with any financial agreement.

The table below sets out the current members of our Board of Directors and their respective positions. The mandate of each member of our Board of Directors expires at the next Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. Each member was elected by the Brazilian government except for Arlindo Magno de Oliveira who was elected by our minority shareholders.

 

Name

  

Position

Márcio Pereira Zimmermann

   Chairman

Carlos Alberto Leite Barbosa

   Director

Luiz Soares Dulci

   Director

Arlindo Magno de Oliveira (Minority)

   Director

Miriam Aparecida Belchior

   Director

Lindemberg de Lima Bezerra

   Director

Wagner Bittencourt de Oliveira

   Director

José Antonio Muniz Lopes

   Director

José Antonio Corrêa Coimbra

   Director

Márcio Pereira Zimmermann Chairman and Board Member: Mr. Zimmermann has a degree in electrical engineering from the Universidade Católica of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and a masters degree in Electrical Engineering from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica of Rio de Janeiro. Mr. Zimmermann was Engineering Director of Eletrobrás and Research and Development Director of Cepel. Mr. Zimmermann is currently Executive Secretary of the Ministry of Mines and Energy, having previously been the Secretary of Energy Planning and Development of the Ministry of Mines and Energy.

 

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Carlos Alberto Leite Barbosa – Board Member: Mr. Barbosa holds a degree in legal and social science from Faculdade Nacional de Direito da Universidade do Brasil and a degree from Rio Branco Institute, the Brazilian school of diplomacy. Mr. Barbosa has held diplomatic posts in New York, Buenos Aires and Madrid, and was ambassador of the Brazilian Government in Bogotá, Rome, Paris and Washington. In Brazil, Mr. Barbosa has held positions in the Ministry of Overseas Relations and in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce.

Luiz Soares Dulci – Board Member: Mr. Dulci has been a teacher of Portuguese Language and Portuguese Literature since 1974, specializing in education for adults. He taught in public and private schools in the States of Minas Gerais, Pará and Rio de Janeiro, such as Colégio Santo Inácio de Loyola. Mr. Dulci represents the Brazilian Government as part of the United Nations University of Peace Council. Currently he serves as a director of the Economic and Political Chamber, the Industrial Politics Council and the Federal Council for Social and Economic Development. In the period from 1996 to March 2003, Mr. Dulci was President of the Abramo Perseu Foundation for Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Studies. From 1997 to 1998 he was the Municipal Secretary of Culture of Belo Horizonte and from 1993 to 1996 the Government Secretary of Belo Horizonte City Hall. He participated, in 1982, in the Permanent Commission for Education and Culture of the House of Representatives.

Arlindo Magno de Oliveira Board Member: Mr. Oliveira holds a degree in economics from Universidade Federal Fluminense and several specialization courses in finance and capital markets. He began his professional career as a Banco do Brasil employee, where he was manager. He also works as Director of the Pension Fund of Banco do Brasil – Previ. Mr. Oliveira is presently retired but has extensive experience as a member of the board of directors in several important Brazilian companies such as Companhia Vale do Rio Doce and Valepar S.A., and companies of the Brazilian electricity sector, where he was member of the board of Coelba, Cosern and CPFL.

Miriam Aparecida BelchiorBoard Member: Ms. Belchior, a food engineer, graduated from University of Campinas (UNlCAMP) and has a masters degree in Public and Governmental Administration from the São Paulo Business Administration School of the Fundação Getúlio Vargas—FGV. She served as Secretary of Administration and Administrative Modernization for the Santo André City Hall from January 1997 to December 2000. Ms. Belchior also coordinated the Administrative Modernization Program, chosen by the UN as one of the top 100 public development initiatives in the world in the year 2000. Ms. Belchior acted as Social Inclusion and Housing Secretary for the City of Santo André from January 2001 to November 2002. She coordinated the Mais Igual program in Santo André, which aimed to promote social inclusion for those in need. The UN chose that program as one of the ten best public development initiatives in the world in 2002. More recently, Ms. Belchior was part of the transition staff for the current administration. From January 2003 to June 2004 she served as Special Agent of the President of the Republic of Brazil. Ms. Belchior currently serves as Intelligence and Monitoring Sub-Chief for the State Secretary of the Presidency. Since 2001, she has been a professor at the Foundation for Research and Development of Administration, Accounting and Economics and at the Department of Economic Administration and Accounting at USP.

Lindemberg de Lima BezerraBoard Member: Mr. Bezerra holds a degree in economics from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul with a masters degree in economics from Universidade de São Paulo. Mr. Bezerra has held the position of Chief of Staff of the Secretary of the National Treasury since July 2007. From 1997 to June 2007, Mr. Bezerra was a tax and economics assistant at the National Treasury.

Wagner Bittencourt de Oliveira – Board Member: Mr. Oliveira is a metallurgical engineer with a degree from PUC-RJ (1974) who has completed a specialized course in finance and capital markets. In 1975, he undertook a public contest and was admitted to the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Social – BNDES (National Bank of Social and Economical Development). Throughout his career at the Bank he acted in many positions: head of division, head of department, superintendent and, since December 2004, he has been Superintendent of Basic Inputs, which includes mining, metallurgy, cement, paper and cellulose, chemicals, petrochemicals and fertilizers. He has accumulated 20 years of executive experience: he was the Secretary of the Ministry of the National Integration (2001), Superintendent of SUDENE (2000 to 2001), CEO of the Companhia Ferroviária do Nordeste (1998 to 2000) and Superintendent of the Industrial Area (1996 to 1998).

José Antonio Muniz LopesBoard Member: Mr. Lopes holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. He is an expert in the Brazilian electricity sector in which he has worked for more than 30 years. Mr. Lopes was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Eletrobrás on March 6, 2008. On

 

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March 4, 2008 Extraordinary General Stockholders Meeting he was elected member of the Board of Directors. Mr. Lopes has held several executive positions in companies in the Eletrobrás group, such as Chief Executive Officer and Director of Planning and Engineering at Eletronorte and Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer at Chesf. Mr. Lopes was also Deputy Director of the National Department of Energy Development – DNDE of the Ministry of Mines and Energy, where he also served at the Executive Secretary.

José Antonio Corrêa Coimbra – Board Member: Mr. Coimbra holds a degree in Civil Engineering from Universidade Federal do Pará with a Master Degree in Engineering Production from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Mr. Coimbra is currently Head of Office of the Minister of Mines and Energy and has several papers published in Brazil and abroad. In the Eletrobrás group Mr. Coimbra was Director of Engineering of Eletronorte, having worked at that company from 1977 until 2005. Mr. Coimbra is also a member of the Board of Directors of Eletronorte and already had the same position in Cepel.

Board of Executive Officers

Our Board of Executive Officers is currently made up of six members appointed by our Board of Directors for an indefinite term. Our Board of Executive Officers ordinarily meets every week, or when called by a majority of the officers or by the President. Our Board of Executive Officers determines our general business policy, is responsible for all matters related to our day-to-day management and operations and is the highest controlling body with regards to the execution of our guidelines. We have no control over appointments of our chief executive and chief financial officers because all such appointments are made by our controlling shareholder, which is the Brazilian Government. Our chief administrative officer is responsible for coordinating the general management of our business including supplies, employment-related issues, training insurance policies and management of our assets.

The members of our current Board of Executive Officers were appointed by our Board of Directors and their names and titles are set out below:

 

Name

 

Position

Astrogildo Fraguglia Quental

 

Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer

José Antonio Muniz Lopes

 

Chief Executive Officer

Valter Luiz Cardeal de Souza

 

Engineering Officer

Miguel Colasuonno

 

Administrative Officer

Ubirajara Rocha Meira

 

Technology Officer

Flávio Decat de Moura

 

Distribution Officer

Mr. Astrogildo Fraguglia Quental – Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer: Mr. Quental holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo and specialization course in Business Administration from Fundação Getulio Vargas. On March 6, 2008 Mr. Astrogildo was appointed Chief Financial Officer and Investor Relations Officer, after serving since October 1995 as Economic-Financial Director of Eletronorte. Before joining us, in the period from March 1991 to December 1994, Mr. Astrogildo was Secretary of State for Infrastructure of the state of Maranhão, where he was responsible for the conduct and implementation of the strategy of the infrastructure system of that state, covering the following state agencies: Secretaria de Estado da Infra-Estrutura – Sinfra; Companhia Energética do Maranhão – Cemar; Companhia de Águas e Esgotos do Maranhão – Caema; Companhia de Habitação Popular do Maranhão – Cohab; Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem do Maranhão – DER/MA and Companhia de Desenvolvimento Rodoviário do Maranhão – Coderma.

Mr. José Antonio Muniz Lopes – Chief Executive Officer: See “—Board of Directors”.

Mr. Valter Luiz Cardeal de Souza – Engineering Officer: Mr. Souza is an electrical and electronic engineer, with a degree from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica of Rio Grande do Sul, specializing in energy engineering as well as in production engineering. Mr. Souza has been Engineering Director of Eletrobrás since January 14, 2003. He has been active in the electricity sector for over thirty-two years as an employee of Companhia Estadual de Energia Elétrica S.A. (CEEE) where, since 1971, he has undertaken important technical and management functions as director in the areas of generation, transmission and distribution. At the Departamento Nacional de Águas e Energia Elétrica (DNAEE), he was Assistant Executive to the General Manager, Coordinator for the Department of

 

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Construction and Application of Electric Energy and Coordinator and Substitute Director for the Department of Finance and Economics. Mr. Souza also holds the position of President of the board of directors of Eletronorte and CGTEE.

Mr. Miguel Colasuonno – Chief Administrative Officer: Mr. Colasuonno has a PhD in International Relations from Vanderbilt University in the United States and has a post-graduate degree in economics, specializing in International Trade and Exchange, from the Universidade de São Paulo. Mr. Colasuonno was mayor of Sao Paulo from 1973 to 1975, president of the Empresa Brasileira de Turismo— Embratur (1980-1985) and president of the Sindicato dos Economistas do Estado de São Paulo (1986-1995). He has also acted as a São Paulo councilman from 1992 to 2001, where he was appointed council president. Mr. Colassuono has acted as a professor at the University of São Paulo for the past seven years. Mr. Colasuonno was appointed Administrative Officer on March 6, 2008.

Mr. Ubirajara Rocha Meira – Technology Officer: Mr. Meira holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, with a master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the Universidade Federal da Paraíba. On March 6, 2008 Mr. Meira was appointed Special Projects and Industrial and Technological Development Officer. Mr. Meira is professor at the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – UFCG, where, in the Graduate Program, he teaches courses in Energy Management, Electrical Installations, Power Distribution, Electrical Equipment and General Electrotechniques. In the post-graduate program Mr. Meira teaches: Energy Transmission in High Voltage; Laboratory of High Voltage I and Energy Transmission in High Voltage; and Coordination of Isolation. From 1976 to 1978, Mr. Ubirajara acted as Engineer at Chesf.

Mr. Flávio Decat de Moura – Distribution Officer: Mr. Moura holds a degree in Electric and Electronic Engineering from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. He was CEO of Eletronuclear from 2001 to 2003, and of Companhia de Gás de Minas Gerais – Gasmig from 2004 to 2007. He was Chief Financial, Participations and Investor Relations Officer of Cemig from 2003 to 2007 and Vice-President and Chief Distribution Officer of Empresa Energética do Mato Grosso do Sul S.A. – Enersul from 1996 to 1997.

B. Compensation

The compensation of our Board of Directors, Board of Executive Officers and Fiscal Council is determined by our shareholders at the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held within the first four months of the financial year. That compensation may also include a profit sharing amount at the discretion of our shareholders.

For 2008, 2007 and 2006 the aggregate compensation paid to our Directors, Officers and members of the Fiscal Council (including that paid by our subsidiaries and Itaipu) was R$17,790,523.59, R$22,216,802.54 and R$16,542,772.70, respectively. The total aggregate profit-share paid to our officers (including that paid by our subsidiaries and Itaipu) was R$1,693,096.97 for 2008, R$1,762,341.27 for 2007, and R$1,965,252.83 for 2006. The Board of Executive Officers is responsible for apportioning the compensation among its members, the members of the Board of Directors and the Fiscal Council. We have not set aside or accrued any amounts to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits.

C. Board Practices

Service Contracts

We do not have service contracts with any member of our Board of Directors, Board of Executive Officers or Fiscal Council.

Fiscal Council

Our Fiscal Council is established on a permanent basis and consists of five members and five alternates elected at the annual shareholders meeting for renewable one-year terms. The Brazilian Government has the right to appoint three of the members of our Fiscal Council, and both the minority shareholders and the holders of our preferred shares without voting rights, representing at least ten percent of our total capital, have the right to appoint one member each.

 

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The current members of our Fiscal Council, set out in the table below, and respective alternates were elected on the general shareholders meeting held on April 30, 2008. Their terms of office are due to end at the ordinary shareholder meeting scheduled for April 2009.

 

Member

 

Alternate

Hailton Madureira de Almeida

 

Ricardo de Paula Monteiro

Danilo de Jesus Vieira Furtado

 

Luciana de Almeida Toldo

Edison Freitas de Oliveira

 

Rodrigo Magela Pereira

Ana Lucia de Paiva Lorena Freitas

 

Jairez Elói de Sousa Paulista

D. Employees

At December 31, 2008, we had a total of 27,075 employees (including 50% of those employed by Itaipu) compared to 21,899 and 20,713 employees as at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Eletrobrás itself, excluding Itaipu and other subsidiaries, had 1,002 employees as at December 31, 2008. For the past five years we have not experienced any strikes or other form of work stoppage that have affected our operations or had a significant impact on our results.

As a mixed capital company, we cannot hire employees without a public contest. A public contest involves us placing advertisements in the Brazilian press for open positions and inviting applicants to sit an examination. The last public contest took place in 2007, as a result of which we hired approximately 102 new employees. The average tenure of our employees is 16 years.

The following table sets out the number of employees by tenure:

Composition of Employees by Tenure

 

As of

     Up to 5        6 to 10        11 to 15        16 to 20        21 to 25        Over 25        Total  

December 31, 2008

   7,573    2,076    1,114    3,466    5,089    7,757    27,075

December 31, 2007

   6,563    1,236    572    4,499    3,221    5,808    21,899

The following table sets out the number of employees, by department:

 

Department

   Number of
Employees at
    December 31, 2008    
   Number of
Employees at
    December 31, 2007    

Field

           16,271                    13,845        

Administrative

           10,804                    8,054        
         

Total

           27,075                    21,899        
         

The difference between the number of employees at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is due to the inclusion of our distribution companies in Eletrobrás’ core business.

Although we are not allowed to hire outsourced employees, our subsidiaries Eletronorte, Eletronuclear and Furnas employ 3,377 outsourced employees in order to comply with the rules established by the Brazilian Government during the national privatization plan.

 

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The following table sets out the number of outsourced employees at Eletronorte, Eletronuclear and Furnas:

 

Subsidiary

   Number of
Outsourced
Employees at
    December 31, 2008    
   Number of
Outsourced
Employees at
    December 31, 2007    

Eletronorte

     678    2,451

Eletronuclear

      —         21

Furnas

   1,723    1,857
         

Total

   2,401    4,329
         

The majority of our employees are members of unions. The main unions that represent our employees are Federação Nacional dos Urbanitários, Federação Nacional dos Engenheiros, Federação Interestadual de Sindicatos de Engenheiros, Federação Nacional de Secretárias e Secretários, Federação Brasileira dos Administradores, Sindicato dos Trabalhadores nas Indústrias de Energia Elétrica de São Paulo, Sindicato dos Eletricitários de Furnas e DME and Sindicato dos Eletricitários do Norte e Noroeste Fluminense. Our relationship with our employees is regulated by collective bargaining agreements executed with these unions and the Associação dos Empregados da Eletrobrás and renegotiated in May each year. This agreement is applicable only to employees of Eletrobrás itself. Each of our subsidiaries negotiate their own collective bargaining agreement, on an annual basis, with their respective unions.

E. Share Ownership

No member of our Fiscal Council holds any of our shares. The following tables show current ownership of our shares by members of our Board of Directors and Board of Executive officers:

Board of Directors

 

Name:

       Number of Common Shares held    

Luiz Soares Dulci

       2

Arlindo Magno de Oliveira

   100

Carlos Alberto Leite Barbosa

   150

Miriam Aparecida Belchior

       2

Lindemberg de Lima Bezerra

       1

Wagner Bittencourt de Oliveira

       2

Marcio Pereira Zimmermann

     10

José Antonio Muniz Lopes

       1

José Antonio Corrêa Coimbra

       1

Board of Executive Officers

 

Name:

       Number of Common Shares held    

José Antonio Muniz Lopes

     1

Astrogildo Fraguglia Quental

  

Valter Luiz Cardeal de Souza

  

Miguel Colasuono

  

Ubirajara Rocha Meira

  

Flávio Decat de Moura

  

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. Major Shareholders

At December 31, 2008, the aggregate amount of our outstanding capital stock was R$26,156,567,211.64, consisting of 905,023,527 outstanding common shares, together with 146,920 outstanding class “A” preferred shares and 227,186,643 outstanding class “B” preferred shares. This represented 79.92%, 0.01% and 20.07% of our aggregate outstanding capital stock respectively. This reflects the 500:1 reverse stock split we effected on August 20, 2007.

At January 20, 2009, we had 7,939 beneficial and four registered holders of ADSs representing common shares and 2,784 beneficial and three registered holders of ADSs representing preferred shares.

 

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The following tables show information relating to beneficial ownership in our common and preferred shares at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007:

At December 31, 2008

 

Shareholder

         Common Shares          Class A
    Preferred Shares    
   Class B
      Preferred Shares      
   Total
     (number)    (%)    (number)    (%)    (number)    (%)     

Brazilian Government

   488,656,241      53.99      —          —        35,191,714    15.49        523,847,955  

BNDES Participações S.A.

   133,757,950      14.78      —          —        —          —          133,757,950  

Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento

   45,621,589      5.04      —          —        —          —          45,621,589  

Fundo Garantidor de Parcerias Público-Privadas

   40,000,000      4.42      —          —        —          —          40,000,000  

Cleared through CBLC:

                    

Depositary Receipt Program

   69,298,867      7.66      —          —        33,438,069    14.72        102,736,936  

Other shares cleared through CBLC

   127,622,120      14.10      84,505      57.52    116,399,928    51.23        244,106,553  

Others

   66,760      0.01      62,415        45.48    42,156,932    18.56        42,286,107  
                                  

Total

   905,023,527      100.00        146,920       100.00      227,186,643    100.00        1,132,257,090  
                                  

At December 31, 2007

 

Shareholder

         Common Shares          Class A
    Preferred Shares    
   Class B
    Preferred Shares    
   Total
     (number)    (%)    (number)    (%)    (number)    (%)     

Brazilian Government

   488,656,241    53.99        —      —        35,191,002    15.69      523,847,243  

BNDES Participações S.A.

   133,757,950    14.78        —      —        —           —          133,757,950  

Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento

   45,621,589    5.04        —      —        —           —          45,621,589  

Fundo Garantidor de Parcerias Público-Privadas

   40,000,000    4.42        —      —        —           —          40,000,000  

Cleared through CBLC:

         —      —        —             

Depositary Receipt Program

   89,507,374    9.89        —      —        27,740,069    12.36      117,247,443  

Other shares cleared through CBLC

   107,357,272    11.87        83,371    57.52    115,636,004    51.55      223,076,647  

Others

   123,101    0.01        63,549    45.48    45,760,980    20.40      45,947,630  
                                  

Total

     905,023,527    100.00        146,920      100.00      224,328,055      100.00      1,129,498,502  
                                  

B. Related Party Transactions

We administer certain funds, including the RGR fund, CCC Account and CDE Account, on behalf of the Brazilian Government, our controlling shareholder.

We sometimes act together with other Brazilian state-owned companies or governmental entities. These activities are mainly in the areas of technical cooperation and research and development. In 2000 our Board of Directors approved the execution of a Technical and Financial Cooperation Agreement between ourselves and the MME, for us to perform viability studies in relation to the Brazilian hydrographic base, with the purpose of identifying potential sites for the future construction of hydroelectric plants. The estimate value of this contract is R$25 million, to be paid to us by the MME.

We have entered into a joint venture agreement with Petrobrás Energia S.A., which is also partly owned by the Brazilian Government, for the construction of a thermoelectric plant in Manaus. We have also entered into a framework agreement to establish the basis and the conditions for the development of energy commercialization contracts to be executed between ourselves and Petrobrás in the future.

In addition, we have also made a number of loans to our subsidiaries. For further details please see the description in “Item 4. B, Information on the Company—Business Overview—Lending and Financing Activities—Loans Made by Us”.

There are also certain contractual arrangements in place between Eletronuclear and Furnas for the sale and purchase of energy produced by Eletronuclear, which are more closely described in “Item 4.B, Information on the Company—Business Overview Nuclear Plants”.

 

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We believe our transactions with related parties are conducted on market terms.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Information

See “Item 3.A, Key Information—Selected Financial Data” and “Item 18, Financial Statements”.

Litigation

We are currently a party to numerous legal proceedings relating to civil, administrative, environmental, labor and tax claims filed against us. These claims involve substantial amounts of money and other remedies. Several individual disputes account for a significant part of the total amount of claims against us. We have established provisions for all amounts in dispute that represent a probable loss in the view of our legal advisors and in relation to those disputes that are covered by laws, administrative decrees, decrees or our court rulings that have proven to be unfavorable. As of March 31, 2009, we provisioned a total aggregate amount of approximately R$3,532 million in respect of our legal proceedings (plus judicial deposits of R$921 million), of which R$242 million related to tax claims, R$2,965 million related to civil claims and R$1,246 million related to labor claims.

Environmental Proceedings

We are involved in administrative proceedings regarding infractions of environmental legislation. Usually, these proceedings consist of notices of infringement imposing fines for non-accomplishment of environmental guidelines, damage to wildlife or the operation of power plants without environmental licenses. The most significant cases are the proceedings involving the Furnas generation plants of Itumbiara and Corumbá. The penalties applied total approximately R$20 million without considering daily fines, monetary adjustments and the terms of embargo. Furnas presented a defense challenging such penalties and is currently awaiting a decision from the environmental authorities. We have not established a provision in respect of this matter, because we do not make provisions for administrative proceedings.

We are also involved in judicial claims of an environmental nature. Ordinarily these constitute challenges to the environmental license proceedings of our facilities or requests for indemnification for damages arising from the installation or operation of hydroelectric plants.

In 2001, ten municipalities of the State of Minas Gerais and a local commerce association brought a class action regarding environmental damages caused by Furnas’ hydroelectric plant São José da Barra. The claim alleges that the level of the reservoir is decreasing because of the excessive and irregular use of water for energy production purposes. The claim also alleges that the low levels of water in the reservoir are detrimental to tourism in the area and that as a result the regional economy has been adversely affected. The claim is for financial compensation of approximately R$1 billion, although the majority of the municipalities originally involved have already withdrawn from the claim. Proceedings are currently in progress to determine the court in which the claim will be heard. We have not made any provision in respect of this litigation as we consider the risk of an unfavorable decision on these lawsuits to be remote.

In 2002 and 2003, two associations of the community of Cabeço brought independent class actions regarding environmental damages caused by Chesf. The Cabeço community is located in a river island in the estuary of the São Francisco River. Both alleged that the hydroelectric plants disturbed the normal flow of the river and resulted in a decline in fishing activity and the gradual disappearance of the river island. Both class actions are still in a preliminary phase and the monetary compensation requested is R$100 million in each case. Because the risk of loss was deemed only reasonably possible, no provision has been set up.

 

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Labor Proceedings

We are party to a number of labor proceedings brought by our employees against us. Most of those proceedings relate to overtime compensation, pension readjustments, salary increases established through collective bargaining agreements, risk premiums, benefits and inflationary impacts, as described below. The majority of the labor claims filed against us consist of claims for non-observance of the policy regarding salary increases established via the collective bargaining agreements. There are also significant claims related to risk premium payments.

In connection with successive attempts by the Brazilian Government to curb Brazil’s high inflation rates, Brazilian companies have in the past been required by law to disregard in each year part of the inflation for that year when calculating wage increases for its employees. Like most other Brazilian companies, we have been defendants in lawsuits brought before labor courts by labor unions or individual employees seeking compensation for lost wages resulting from the implementation of the Brazilian Government’s anti-inflationary plans.

In particular, we have been involved in lawsuits concerning three plans: (i) the plan implemented in 1987 by the then Minister of Finance, Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira (the Bresser Plan); (ii) the plan implemented in early 1989 (the Summer Plan); and (iii) the plan implemented in 1990 by the then President, Fernando Collor de Melo (the Collor Plan). All the collective lawsuits brought against us in respect to such plans have been definitively decided by the Federal Supreme Court in our favor. There are still individual lawsuits in process pending judgment, which, however, we do not view as material. There are no material labor contingencies, and the possibility of loss on the lawsuits is considered remote by our legal advisors.

Compulsory Loans

Pursuant to Law No. 4,156 of November 28, 1962 certain end-users of electricity were required to make “compulsory loans” to us (through collections by distributors) in order to provide funds for the development of the electricity sector. Industrial customers consuming over 2,000 kWh of electricity per month were required to pay an amount equivalent to 32.5% of each electricity invoice to us in the form of a compulsory loan, which was repayable by us within 20 years of draw-down. Interest on the compulsory loans accrues at IPCA – E plus 6.0% per annum. Law No. 7,181 of December 20, 1983, extended the compulsory loan program until December 31, 1993 and provided that such loans may, subject to shareholder approval, be repaid by us in the form of an issue of preferred shares at book value, in lieu of cash.

We made available to eligible customers upon the first and second conversion of credits from the compulsory loan approximately 42.5 billion class “B” preferred shares and upon the third conversion of credits from the compulsory loan, about 27.2 billion class “B” preferred shares. In addition, our shareholders approved on April 30, 2008 the issuance of additional preferred shares to eligible customers at book value in repayment of our remaining compulsory loans. If additional shares are issued in the future and the book value of such shares is less than their market value, the value of existing shareholders’ shares may be subject to dilution. On December 31, 2008, we recorded approximately R$130 million for debts of the compulsory loan that had not yet been converted, which, at any time, by decision of our shareholders, may be refunded to industrial consumers, through issuing class “B” preferred shares, in accordance with the proceedings described above.

As of December 31, 2008, consumers have filed 3,578 lawsuits against us questioning the monetary adjustments, understated inflation and interest calculations related to the repayment of the compulsory loans. Of those lawsuits, 22 have been decided against us and are currently at the execution phase. The total amount involved in these lawsuits is unadjusted for monetary correction and required expert assessment to be estimated with accuracy. The lawsuits already decided against us amount to approximately R$719 million. In the course of execution proceedings, we have been required to pledge some of our assets, consisting mainly of preferred shares held by us in other electricity sector companies. We have currently provisioned R$1.5 billion to cover losses arising from unfavorable decisions on these lawsuits.

We are also involved in approximately 2,773 lawsuits related to the repayment of the compulsory loans, in which consumers seek to exercise the option to convert their credits presented by bonds payable to the bearer. These bonds are called “obrigações da Eletrobrás”. However, we believe we have no further liability in respect of these bonds because they have an expiration date for presentation and this date has now passed.

 

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Furnas/COFINS – PASEP – FINSOCIAL

In 2001, we received notifications of infringement related to FINSOCIAL, COFINS and PASEP taxes as a result of the exclusion from the calculation basis of certain on lendings and transport of energy from Itaipu, over a period of ten years. The amount of the claims was R$1,099 million (adjusted for inflation from an original figure of R$792 million). On June 12, 2008, with the issuance of precedent No. 8 by the Federal Supreme Court, the period to challenge the payment of such taxes were reduced from ten to five years and, consequently, the amount of the claims decreased to R$228.6 million.

We have made a provision of R$83.4 million following the recommendations of our legal advisors. We have not provisioned the remaining R$145.2 million because we consider the chances of a decision favorable to us possible.

Furnas/ITR

Furnas is a defendant in a number of tax administrative proceedings brought by the SRF related to the collection of Imposto Territorial Rural – ITR which is a federal tax that is levied on owners of rural real estate properties.

The SRF has assessed Furnas and demanded the collection of the ITR levied on the real estate properties of Usina de Serra da Mesa, Itumbiara, Marechal Mascarenhas de Morais, Furnas, Luiz Carlos Barreto de Carvalho, Porto Colômbia, Estreito, Peixoto, Corumbá, Manso and Usina de Marimbondo Hydrolectric Power Plants.

Furnas has calculated the amounts due by excluding reservoir areas. The Brazilian federal tax authorities questioned the exclusions, alleging that Furnas should calculate the tax amount by including such areas. The proceedings are ongoing at the administrative level and the total amount involved at December 31, 2008 is R$921 million. We have not made any provision in respect of this amount following the recommendations of the company’s legal advisory, because we consider the risk of an unfavorable decision to be remote.

Furnas/VAT

Furnas is a defendant in 11 tax foreclosures filed by the State of Paraná Revenue Service in order to collect the VAT due on the transfer of energy from Itaipu to Eletrosul. The tax authorities of the State of Paraná allege that the transfer of such energy is taxable by the VAT and Furnas has failed to collect it.

Furnas has already obtained favorable decisions (from 1st and 2nd degree courts) on fifteen tax foreclosures. Most of these lawsuits are currently taking place in a 3rd degree court and the total amount involved on December 31, 2008 is R$61.8 million. Furnas has made judicial deposits of the disputed tax amounts following the recommendations of the company’s legal advisory. However, we consider the risk of an unfavorable decision to be remote.

Arbitration – EPE – Empresa Produtora de Energia Ltda.

On November 26, 2007, Empresa Produtora de Energia Ltda. (or EPE) started an arbitration procedure against Furnas at the Câmara de Mediação e Arbitragem de São Paulo (the Mediation and Arbitration Tribunal of São Paulo) as a result of the termination by Furnas of an energy purchase agreement, due to the inability of EPE to deliver the volume of electricity contracted. The amount of the claim is R$541 million and a final decision from the arbitration tribunal is still pending. We have not made any provision in respect of this amount because we consider the risk of a favorable decision to be possible.

Expropriation of Lands

Our subsidiaries are normally involved in a number of legal proceedings related to the expropriation of land used for the construction of hydroelectric plants, particularly in the northern and northeastern regions. Most of those proceedings are related to the indemnification paid to the populations affected by the construction of the reservoirs and environmental or economic damages inflicted on the affected populations and neighboring cities. The main lawsuits related to expropriation involving our subsidiaries are described below.

 

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In northern Brazil, Eletronorte is involved in several proceedings related to the expropriation of lands for the construction of the hydroelectric plants of Balbina, in the state of Amazonas, and Tucuruí, in the state of Pará. The 28 lawsuits related to the Balbina expropriation involve the value to be paid for the expropriated land and the legality of the ownership of the affected land claimed by alleged landowners. The total amount involved, which is fully provisioned, is approximately R$331 million. Recently, however, the Ministério Público Federal found new evidence that the lands belonged to the Federal Republic, not to the State of Amazonas, which is the main argument being made by the plaintiff in these proceedings. Eletronorte has requested that the court order the Federal Republic to participate in the Balbina proceedings.

From the 228 original lawsuits related to the Tucuruí expropriation, only 33 are still active. Eletronorte has been awarded the other 195 lawsuits and expects the same result to the proceedings still in course. We have not established any provision.

Mendes Jr.

Chesf is involved in significant litigation proceedings with Mendes Jr., a Brazilian construction contractor. Chesf and Mendes Jr. entered into an agreement in 1981 providing for certain construction work to be performed by Mendes Jr. in relation to the hydroelectric plant of Itaparica, owned by Chesf. The agreement, as amended, further provided that, in the event of delays in payments due by Chesf to Mendes Jr., Mendes Jr. would be entitled to default interest at the rate of 1.0% per month, plus indexation to take account of inflation. During the performance of the work, payments by Chesf were delayed and Chesf subsequently paid default interest at the rate of 1.0%, plus indexation, on such delayed payments. Mendes Jr. alleged that as it had been required to fund itself in the market in order not to interrupt the construction work, it was entitled to be reimbursed in respect of such funding at market interest rates, which were much higher than the contractual default interest rate.

The lower court judge dismissed Mendes Jr.’s claims and Mendes Jr. appealed to the Appellate Court of the State of Pernambuco (or the Appellate Court). The Appellate Court reinstated Mendes Jr.’s claims and ultimately declared Chesf liable to reimburse Mendes Jr.’s funding costs in respect of the delayed payments at market rates, plus legal fees of 20.0% of the amount of the dispute, with the total being indexed at market rates until the actual payment date. Chesf’s appeal from the Appellate Court’s order to the Federal Supreme Court was dismissed on jurisdictional grounds. Mendes Jr. then filed a second lawsuit in a state court in Pernambuco to order Chesf to pay for the actual losses incurred by Mendes Jr., and to determine the amount payable. In the enforcement proceedings, the lower court ruled in favor of Mendes Jr., but the Appellate Court ruled in favor of Chesf, annulling the lower court’s judgment in the enforcement proceedings. Mendes Jr. appealed this ruling of the Appellate Court to the STJ. At the same time, the Brazilian Government also requested the STJ to permit the Government to participate in the proceedings as Chesf’s assistant. In December 1997, the STJ decided that: (i) the second proceedings should be recommenced from the trial court phase; (ii) the Brazilian Government should participate in the proceedings as Chesf’s assistant; and (iii) the second proceedings should be heard before the Federal Courts instead of the State Courts to which it was originally submitted. The second proceedings were restarted in the Federal Courts to determine the final amount to be paid by Chesf to Mendes Jr. The expert’s finding was challenged by Chesf and on March 8, 2008, the court partially decided in favor of Chesf. Mendes Jr.’s original claim was in the amount of R$7 billion, before being adjusted to reflect inflation.

Chesf has made no provision in its balance sheet at December 31, 2008 because it considered the risk of loss in this lawsuit to be remote. Accordingly, a final judgment against Chesf would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flow and liquidity.

Xingó Plant “K Factor” Litigation

Chesf also is involved in litigation with the consortium responsible for building the Xingó plant (or the Xingó Consortium). In connection with building the Xingó plant, Chesf and the Xingó Consortium entered into a construction agreement that was amended in 1988 to provide that an additional inflation adjustment (referred to as the “K factor”) be added to certain monetary correction payments required to be made by Chesf to the Xingó Consortium under the agreement. This amendment resulted in payments by Chesf to the Xingó Consortium that were higher than the payments that the original Request For Proposal (or RFP) for this project indicated would be paid to the successful bidder.

 

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In 1994, Chesf unilaterally ceased applying the K factor to its payments to the Xingó Consortium (and consequently reduced its payments to the Xingó Consortium to the amount that Chesf would have had to pay if the K factor had not been applied to such payments) and filed a lawsuit against the Xingó Consortium seeking reimbursement for the additional amounts paid pursuant to the K factor adjustment, claiming that the use of an indexation system more favorable to the Xingó Consortium than the one originally provided for by the RFP was illegal under public bidding rules. Chesf’s lawsuit seeks reimbursement of the difference between amounts paid to the Xingó Consortium that include the K factor calculation and amounts that would have been due pursuant to the original RFP, an amount which Chesf estimates to equal R$700 million. On December 17, 1997, the trial court upheld the legality of the K factor adjustment. On March 23, 2009, the court ordered Chesf to pay R$843 million to the Xingó Consortium. Chesf has appealed to the STJ and is awaiting its decision. Chesf has provisioned R$362 million in relation to this proceeding as at March 31, 2009 as it considers the risk of an unfavorable decision probable.

In addition to the legal proceedings discussed above, we and our subsidiaries are involved in a number of other lawsuits relating to labor, tax and other matters arising from time to time in the ordinary course of their business. On December 31, 2008, management was not aware of any other litigation that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, although we cannot assure you that this type of litigation could not have such an effect in the future.

Eletronorte/ ICMS

Eletronorte is a defendant in a number of tax administrative proceedings brought mainly by the tax authorities of the state of Rondônia (Secretaria de Estado da Fazenda de Rondônia) as Eletronorte has recorded ICMS credits for the purchase of fuel for the operation of its thermal plants. The tax authorities have applied a fine of 200% over the amount of tax credits recorded by Eletronorte. Eletronorte is questioning the administrative proceedings in the courts, as based on the opinion of its legal advisers, Eletronorte understands that it acted correctly in recording these ICMS credits. The total amount of the claim at December 31, 2008, is approximately R$1.3 billion. The judicial proceedings are at an early stage and Eletronorte has not yet made any provision in respect of this amount as its legal counsel considers the chances of a favorable decision possible.

Eletronorte/ STIU-DF

Eletronorte is a defendant in a labor claim filed by the trade unions demanding salary increases for Eletronorte’s employees based on the approval of the management of the company of a study recommending salary increase. The judicial court has found against Eletronorte and has ordered Eletronorte to increase the salaries of its employees. The proceedings are currently suspended to allow the parties to negotiate the amount of the increase. Eletronorte has provisioned R$113.3 million, as it understands that this is the amount it will likely have to pay.

ITAMON

Itaipu is involved in three lawsuits with ITAMON - Construções Industriais Ltda., a partnership created by a consortium of construction companies. Itaipu and ITAMON entered into an agreement in 1980 providing for construction work to be performed by ITAMON in relation to Itaipu’s hydroelectric plant. ITAMON brought three lawsuits alleging breach of contract by Itaipu, which have purportedly caused an unreasonable economic burden to ITAMON.

ITAMON is asking for: (i) Itaipu to bear the costs of an increase in the income tax incurred during that period, which negatively impacted the amount to be received by ITAMON under the contract; (ii) adjustments in the price of the contract to reflect inflation for the period that Itaipu was in delay of payments; and (iii) the payment of certain amounts in addition to the contract price as a result of the performance of extraordinary services outside the scope of the contract. The estimated amount for the claims is R$60 million, R$60 million and R$128 million, respectively. Itaipu has fully provisioned the amounts in relation to the three proceedings as of December 31, 2008, as it considered the risk of an unfavorable decision probable.

 

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Policy on Dividend Distribution

Brazilian Corporate Law and our by-laws provide that we must pay our shareholders a mandatory distribution equal to at least 25.0% of our adjusted net income for the preceding fiscal year. In addition, our by-laws require us to give: (i) class “A” preferred shares a priority in the distribution of dividends, at 8% each year over the capital linked to those shares; and (ii) class “B” preferred shares that were issued on or after June 23, 1969 a priority in the distribution of dividends, at 6% each year over the capital linked to those shares. In addition, preferred shares must receive a dividend 10% over the dividend paid to the common shares.

The following table sets out our dividends for the periods indicated:

 

     Year
         2008            2007            2006(1)(2)    

Common Shares

   1.48    0.40    0.13

Class A Preferred Shares

   2.17    2.02    2.02

Class B Preferred Shares

   1.63    1.51    1.51

 

(1)

Interest on own capital.

(2)

Adjusted by the reverse stock split proportion.

At December 31, 2008, our balance sheet carried appropriated retained earnings of R$28,900 billion, as well as R$9.3 billion of accumulated dividends we have declared but not yet paid to our shareholders as permitted under Brazilian corporate law. Our Board of Directors has discretion as regards when such dividends may be paid to our shareholders. Accordingly, our management believes that any decision to pay the related dividends would only be made when our Board of Directors believes that such payment would not cause a material liquidity event.

B. Significant Changes

None.

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details

Offer and Listing Details – Common Shares

Our common shares commenced trading on the Brazilian stock exchanges on September 7, 1971. The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our common shares on the BM&FBOVESPA and the approximate average daily trading volume for the annual periods indicated.

 

         Nominal reais per Common Share        Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
     High    Low   
               (millions of shares)

2004 (*)

   25.50    12.00    0.570

2005 (*)

   22.35    14.45    0.672

2006 (*)

   29.94    19.15    0.980

2007 (*)

   29.08    21.00    1.180

2008 (*)

   31.25    19.64    1.338

 

(*)

Prices and trading volume adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of August 20, 2007.

Source: São Paulo Stock Exchange.

 

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The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our common shares on the BM&FBOVESPA and the approximate average daily trading volume for the quarterly periods indicated.

 

         Nominal reais per Common Share        Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
     High    Low   
               (millions of shares)

First Quarter 2006 (*)

   26.25    19.15    0.860

Second Quarter 2006 (*)

   29.94    20.30    0.959

Third Quarter 2006 (*)

   27.15    21.50    0.862

Fourth Quarter 2006 (*)

   26.49    22.11    1.254

First Quarter 2007 (*)

   25.84    21.00    1.146

Second Quarter 2007 (*)

   29.08    22.15    1.344

Third Quarter 2007

   29.00    21.95    1.173

Fourth Quarter 2007

   27.50    22.58    1.038

First Quarter 2008

   27.80    20.64    1.169

Second Quarter 2008

   30.95    23.95    1.355

Third Quarter 2008

   31.25    22.36    1.477

Fourth Quarter 2008

   29.50    19.64    1.340

First Quarter 2009

   28.06    24.07    0.949

Second Quarter (through June 26, 2009)

   29.69    25.25    1.213

 

(*)

Prices and trading volume adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of August 20, 2007.

Source: São Paulo Stock Exchange.

The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our common shares on the BM&FBOVESPA and the approximate average daily trading volume for the periods indicated:

 

         Nominal reais per Common Share        Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
     High    Low   
               (millions of shares)

January 2009

   28.06    25.90    0.931

February 2009

   27.50    24.40    0.969

March 2009

   25.92    24.07    0.950

April 2009

   29.69    26.68    0.952

May 2009

   29.49    25.25    1.186

June 2009 (through June 26, 2009)

   29.32    25.37    1.156

 

Source: São Paulo Stock Exchange.

In the United States, our common shares trade in the form of ADSs. The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our ADSs representing common shares on the NYSE and the approximate average daily trading volume for the periods indicated:

 

         U.S.$ per ADS (common shares)        Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
     High    Low   
               (shares)

November 2008

   12.89      9.40    227,152

December 2008

   11.16    10.42    271,991

January 2009

   12.30    10.57    213,407

February 2009

   12.43      9.21    443,981

March 2009

   11.57      9.71    456,704

April 2009

   13.78    10.99    405,000

May 2009

   14.07    11.84    309,410

June 2009 (through June 26, 2009)

   15.05    12.71    495,104

 

Source: New York Stock Exchange.

 

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Offer and Listing Details – Preferred Shares

Our preferred shares commenced trading separately on the Brazilian stock exchanges on September 7, 1971. The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our preferred shares on the BM&FBOVESPA and the approximate average daily trading volume for the annual periods indicated.

 

         Nominal reais per Preferred Share         
     High    Low    Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
               (millions of shares)

2004 (*)

   24.20    12.00    1.321

2005 (*)

   21.50    13.50    1.476

2006 (*)

   28.29    19.25    1.200

2007 (*)

   28.95    20.60    1.266

2008 (*)

   27.60    18.61    1.338

 

(*)

Prices and trading volume adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of August 20, 2007.

Source: São Paulo Stock Exchange.

The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our preferred shares on the BM&FBOVESPA and the approximate average daily trading volume for the quarterly periods indicated.

 

         Nominal reais per Preferred Share         
     High    Low    Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
               (millions of shares)

First Quarter 2006 (*)

   26.25    20.08    1.330

Second Quarter 2006 (*)

   28.30    19.25    1.100

Third Quarter 2006 (*)

   24.60    19.65    0.972

Fourth Quarter 2006 (*)

   24.60    21.05    1.408

First Quarter 2007 (*)

   24.29    20.60    1.144

Second Quarter 2007 (*)

   28.95    22.25    1.350

Third Quarter 2007

   28.80    21.18    1.299

Fourth Quarter 2007

   27.00    22.35    1.271

First Quarter 2008

   27.45    21.20    1.272

Second Quarter 2008

   27.50    23.95    1.300

Third Quarter 2008

   27.60    19.47    1.366

Fourth Quarter 2008

   27.60    18.61    1.412

First Quarter 2009

   26.26    22.75    0.938

Second Quarter 2009 (through June 26, 2009)

   28.80    24.29    1.099

 

(*)

Prices and trading volume adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split of August 20, 2007.

Source: São Paulo Stock Exchange.

The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our preferred shares on the BM&FBOVESPA and the approximate average daily trading volume for the periods indicated:

 

         Nominal reais per Preferred Share         
     High    Low    Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
               (millions of shares)

January 2009

   26.26    24.34    0.964

February 2009

   25.15    23.51    0.891

March 2009

   25.08    22.75    0.952

April 2009

   28.60    25.70    0.944

May 2009

   28.80    24.34    1.192

June 2009 (through June 26, 2009)

   26.00    24.29    1.163

 

Source: São Paulo Stock Exchange.

 

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In the United States, our preferred shares trade in the form of ADSs. The following table sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for our ADSs representing preferred shares on the NYSE and the approximate average daily trading volume for the periods indicated:

 

         U.S.$ per ADS (preferred shares)         
     High    Low    Average Daily
  Trading Volume  
               (shares)

November 2008

   11.57    8.60    243,595

December 2008

   11.64    9.66    211,487

January 2009

   11.74    10.12    152,403

February 2009

   11.50    8.01    118,052

March 2009

   11.56    8.75    195,222

April 2009

   13.32    10.66    162,482

May 2009

   13.70    11.60    186,668

June 2009 (through June 26, 2009)

   13.56    11.89    239,978

 

Source: New York Stock Exchange.

On August 20, 2007, we effected a 500:1 reverse stock split. As a result, our capital stock currently comprises a total of 1,129,498,502 shares, of which 905,023,527 are common shares, 146,920 are class “A” preferred shares and 227,186,643 are class “B” preferred shares.

There are no restrictions on ownership of our preferred shares or common shares by individuals or legal entities domiciled outside Brazil.

The right to convert dividend payments and proceeds from the sale of shares into foreign currency and to remit such amounts outside Brazil is subject to restrictions under foreign investment regulations which generally require, among other things, that the relevant investments have been registered with the Central Bank. Banco Itaú S.A., as custodian for our common and class “B” preferred shares represented by the ADSs, has registered with the Central Bank on behalf of the Depositary the common and class “B” preferred shares that it will hold. This enables holders of ADSs to convert dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of such common and class “B” preferred shares, as the case may be, into U.S. dollars and to remit such U.S. dollars abroad. However, holders of ADSs could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant any, required government approval for conversions of Brazilian currency payments and remittances abroad of the common and preferred “B” shares underlying our ADSs.

In Brazil, there are a number of mechanisms available to foreign investors interested in trading directly on the Brazilian stock exchanges or on organized over-the-counter markets.

Under the regulations issued by the Resolution No. 2,689 issued by the National Monetary Council, foreign investors seeking to trade directly on a Brazilian stock exchange or on an organized over-the-counter market, must meet the following requirements:

 

   

investments must be registered with a custody, clearing or depositary system authorized by CVM or the Central Bank;

 

   

trades of securities are restricted to transactions performed on the stock exchanges or organized over-the-counter markets authorized by the CVM;

 

   

they must establish a representative in Brazil;

 

   

they must complete a form annexed to the Resolution No. 2,689; and

 

   

they must register with the CVM and register the inflow of funds with the Central Bank.

If these requirements are met, foreign investors will be eligible to trade directly on the Brazilian stock exchanges or on organized over-the-counter markets. These rules extend favorable tax treatment to all foreign investors investing pursuant to these rules. See “Item 10.E, —Taxation”. These regulations contain certain restrictions on the offshore transfer of the title of the securities, except in the case of corporate reorganizations effected abroad by a foreign investor.

 

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A certificate of foreign capital registration has been issued in the name of the Depositary with respect to the ADSs and is maintained by Banco Itaú S.A., as custodian for our common and class “B” preferred shares represented by the ADSs, on behalf of the Depositary. Pursuant to such certificate of foreign capital registration, we expect that Depositary will be able to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to the common and class “B” preferred shares represented by ADSs into foreign currency and remit the proceeds outside of Brazil.

In the event that a holder of ADSs exchanges such ADSs for common or class “B” preferred shares, such holder will be entitled to continue to rely on the Depositary’s certificate of foreign capital registration for five business days after such exchange, following which such holder must seek to obtain its own certificate of foreign capital registration with the Central Bank. Thereafter, any holder of common or class “B” preferred shares may not be able to convert into foreign currency and remit outside Brazil the proceeds from the disposition of, or distributions with respect to, such common and class “B” preferred shares, unless such holder qualifies under Resolution No. 2,689 or obtains its own certificate of foreign capital registration. A holder that obtains a certificate of foreign capital registration will be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment than a holder of ADSs. See “Item 10.E, Taxation—Material Brazilian Tax Considerations”.

Under current Brazilian legislation, the Brazilian Government may impose temporary restrictions on remittances of foreign capital abroad in the event of a serious imbalance or an anticipated serious imbalance of Brazil’s balance of payments. For approximately six months in 1989 and early 1990, the Brazilian Government froze all dividend and capital repatriations held by the Central Bank that were owed to foreign equity investors in order to conserve Brazil’s foreign currency reserves. These amounts were subsequently released in accordance with Brazilian Government directives. There can be no assurance that the Brazilian Government will not impose similar restrictions on foreign repatriations in the future.

B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

Our common shares are traded under the symbol “ELET3” and our class “B” preferred shares are traded under the symbol “ELET6” on the Bolsa de Valores Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (the São Paulo Stock Exchange or BM&FBOVESPA). The Rio de Janeiro Stock Exchange trades only Brazilian federal, state and municipal public debt or carries out privatization auctions. Stocks and bonds are traded exclusively on the BM&FBOVESPA. At December 31, 2008, we had approximately 21,001 record holders.

Our ADRs are listed on the NYSE. At January 20, 2009, we had four record holders of ADSs representing common shares and three record holders of ADSs representing preferred shares.

Trading, Settlement and Clearance

Regulation of the Brazilian Securities Market

The Brazilian securities markets are regulated by the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (the “CVM”), which was granted regulatory authority over the stock exchanges and securities markets by Brazilian Law No. 6,385, enacted on December 7, 1976 and Brazilian Law No. 6,404, enacted on December 15, 1976. The CVM possesses, among other powers, licensing authority over brokerage firms and regulates foreign investment and foreign exchange transactions. The Brazilian securities markets are governed by those laws and by regulations issued by the CVM and the CMN. These laws and regulations provide for, among other things, disclosure requirements, restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation and protection of minority shareholders. We believe we are currently in accordance with all applicable Brazilian corporate governance standards.

 

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Under the Brazilian Corporate Law, a company is either publicly held and listed, a companhia aberta, or privately held and unlisted, a companhia fechada. All listed companies are registered with the CVM and are subject to reporting and regulatory requirements. To be listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, a company must apply for registration with the BM&FBOVESPA and the CVM and is subject to regulatory requirements and disclosure requirements.

A company registered with the CVM may trade its securities either on the Brazilian exchange markets, including the BM&FBOVESPA, or in the Brazilian over-the-counter market. Shares of companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA may not simultaneously trade on the Brazilian over-the-counter market, but they may be traded privately, subject to several limitations.

The Brazilian over-the-counter market, whether or not organized, consists of trades between investors through a financial institution registered with the CVM and authorized to trade in the Brazilian capital market. No special application, other than registration with the CVM, is necessary for securities of a public company to be traded in the non-organized over-the-counter market. The CVM must receive notice of all trades carried out in the Brazilian over-the-counter market by the respective intermediaries.

The trading of securities on the BM&FBOVESPA may be suspended at the request of a company in anticipation of material announcement. Trading may also be suspended on the initiative of the BM&FBOVESPA or the CVM based on or due to, among other reasons, a belief that a company has provided inadequate information regarding a significant event or has provided inadequate responses to inquiries by the CVM or the BM&FBOVESPA.

Trading on the BM&FBOVESPA

In 2000, the trading activities of shares in Brazil were reorganized through the execution of memoranda of understanding by the Brazilian stock exchanges. Under the memoranda, all Brazilian shares are publicly traded exclusively on the BM&FBOVESPA.

The BM&FBOVESPA is a not-for-profit entity owned by its member brokerage firms. Trading on such exchange is carried out by member brokerage firms.

The CVM and the BM&FBOVESPA have discretionary authority to suspend trading in shares of a particular issuer under certain circumstances, based on or due to indications that a company could have provided improper information regarding a material fact or improper answers to inquiries made by the CVM or the BM&FBOVESPA.

Trading in securities listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, including the Novo Mercado and Levels 1 and 2 Segments of Differentiated Corporate Governance Practices, may be carried out off the exchanges in the unorganized over-the-counter market in certain specific circumstances.

Although the Brazilian securities market is the largest in Latin America in terms of capitalization, it is smaller and less liquid than the major U.S. and European securities markets. Moreover, the BM&FBOVESPA is significantly less liquid than the NYSE, or other major exchanges in the world.

Although all of the outstanding shares of a listed company may trade on the BM&FBOVESPA, fewer than half of the listed shares are actually available for trading by the public, the remainder being held by small groups of controlling persons, by government entities or by one main shareholder. The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Brazilian securities markets may substantially limit your ability to sell the preferred shares at the time and price you desire and, as a result, could negatively impact the market price of these securities.

In order to reduce volatility, the BM&FBOVESPA has adopted a “circuit breaker” system pursuant to which trading sessions may be suspended for a period of 30 minutes or one hour whenever specified indices of the BM&FBOVESPA fall below the limits of 10% and 15%, respectively, in relation to the index levels for the previous trading session.

 

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When shareholders trade in shares on the BM&FBOVESPA, the trade is settled in three business days after the trade date. The delivery of and payment for shares are made through the facilities of the independent clearing house for the BM&FBOVESPA, the CBLC (Companhia Brasileira de Liquidação e Custodia S.A.), which handles the multilateral settlement of both financial obligations and transactions involving securities. According to applicable regulations, financial settlement is carried out through a Central Bank system and the transactions involving the sale and purchase of shares are settled through CBLC’s custody system. All deliveries against final payment are irrevocable.

Trading on the Brazilian stock exchanges by non-residents of Brazil is subject to registration procedures.

Corporate Governance Practices

In 2000, the BM&FBOVESPA introduced three special listing segments, known as Levels 1 and 2 of Differentiated Corporate Governance Practices and Novo Mercado, aimed at fostering a secondary market for securities issued by Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA, by prompting these companies to follow good practices of corporate governance. The listing segments were designed for the trading of shares issued by companies voluntarily undertaking to abide by corporate governance practices and disclosure requirements in addition to those already imposed by Brazilian law. These rules generally increase shareholders’ rights and enhance the quality of information provided to shareholders. Recently, the BM&FBOVESPA has revised the Levels 1 and 2 of Differentiated Corporate Governance Practices and Novo Mercado rules. The amendments to the Novo Mercado rules became effective on February 6, 2006, and the amendments to Levels 1 and 2 of Differentiated Corporate Governance Practices became effective on February 10, 2006.

To become a Nivel 1 (Level 1) company, in addition to the obligations imposed by applicable law, an issuer must agree to: (i) ensure that shares representing at least 25% of its total capital are effectively available for trading; (ii) adopt offering procedures that favor widespread ownership of shares whenever making a public offering; (iii) comply with minimum quarterly disclosure standards; (iv) follow stricter disclosure policies with respect to transactions made by its controlling shareholders, members of its board of directors and its officers involving securities issued by the issuer; (v) submit any existing shareholders’ agreements and stock option plans to the BM&FBOVESPA; and (vi) make a schedule of corporate events available to its shareholders.

To become a Nivel 2 (Level 2) company, in addition to the obligations imposed by applicable law, an issuer must agree, among other things, to: (i) comply with all of the listing requirements for Level 1 companies; (ii) grant tag-along rights for all of its shareholders in connection with a transfer of control of the company, offering to the holders of common shares the same price paid per share for controlling block common shares and to the holders of preferred shares at least 80% of the price paid per share of controlling block common shares; (iii) grant voting rights to holders of common shares in connection with certain corporate restructurings and related party transactions, such as: (a) any change of the company into another corporate entity; (b) any merger, consolidation or spin-off of the company; (c) approval of any transactions between the company and its controlling shareholder, including parties related to the controlling shareholder; (d) approval of any valuation of assets to be delivered to the company in payment for shares issued in a capital increase; (e) appointment of an expert to ascertain the fair value of the company’s shares in connection with any deregistration and delisting tender offer from Level 2; and (f) any changes to these voting rights, which will prevail as long as the agreement for adhesion to the Level 2 segment with the BM&FBOVESPA is in effect; (iv) have a board of directors comprised of at least five members, out of which a minimum of 20% of the directors must be independent, with a term limited to two years; (v) prepare annual financial statements in English, including cash flow statements, in accordance with international accounting standards, such as U.S. GAAP or International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS; (vi) effect a tender offer by the company’s controlling shareholder (the minimum price of the shares to be offered will be determined by an appraisal process), if it elects to delist from the Level 2 segment; and (vii) adhere exclusively to the rules of the BM&FBOVESPA Arbitration Chamber for resolution of disputes between the company and its investors.

To be listed in the Novo Mercado segment of the BM&FBOVESPA, an issuer must meet all of the requirements described above under Level 1 and Level 2, in addition to: (i) issuing only common (voting) shares; and (ii) granting tag-along rights for all shareholders in connection with a transfer of control of the company, offering the same price paid per share for controlling block common shares.

 

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On September 26, 2006 we entered into an agreement with the BM&FBOVESPA to list our preferred shares on the Level 1 segment, effective on the date immediately after the date of publication of the announcement in Brazil of the commencement of this offering, pursuant to which we agreed to comply, and continue to be compliant with all of the requirements of a Level 1 listing.

Investment in our Preferred Shares by Non-Residents of Brazil

Investors residing outside Brazil, including institutional investors, are authorized to purchase equity instruments, including our preferred shares, on the Brazilian stock exchange provided that they comply with the registration requirements set forth in Resolution No. 2,689 of the CMN and CVM Instruction No. 325, from January 27, 2000, as amended. With certain limited exceptions, under Resolution No. 2,689 investors are permitted to carry out any type of transaction in the Brazilian financial capital markets involving a security traded on a stock, future or organized over-the-counter market. Investments and remittances outside Brazil of gains, dividends, profits or other payments under our preferred shares are made through the exchange market.

In order to become a Resolution No. 2,689 investor, an investor residing outside Brazil must:

 

   

appoint a representative in Brazil with powers to take actions relating to the investment;

 

   

appoint an authorized custodian in Brazil for the investments, which must be a financial institution duly authorized by the Central Bank and the CVM;

 

   

through its representative, register itself as a foreign investor with the CVM and register the investment with the Central Bank;

 

   

through its representatives, register itself with the Receita Federal (the Brazilian Internal Revenue) pursuant to its Regulatory Instruction No. 568, from September 8, 2005; and

 

   

securities and other financial assets held by foreign investors pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689 must be registered or maintained in deposit accounts or under the custody of an entity duly licensed by the Central Bank or the CVM. In addition, securities trading by foreign investors are generally restricted to transactions involving securities listed on the Brazilian stock exchanges or traded in organized over-the-counter markets licensed by the CVM.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In 2005, we commenced internal procedures to evaluate, test and document internal controls for compliance pursuant to section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, using the “COSO” methodology. In 2008/2009, we mapped 285 processes, implemented the Enterprise Risk Management procedure to review processes, identify gaps and implement solutions in order to have entity level controls map to the complementary subsidiaries.

Significant Differences between our Corporate Governance Practices and NYSE Corporate Governance Standards

We are subject to the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. As a foreign private issuer, the standards applicable to us are considerably different to the standards applied to U.S. listed companies. Under the NYSE rules, we must comply with the following corporate governance rules: (i) we must satisfy the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, including having an audit committee or audit board, pursuant to an applicable exemption available to foreign private issuers, that meets certain requirements, as discussed below; (ii) we must provide the NYSE with annual and interim written affirmations as required under the NYSE corporate governance rules; (iii) we must provide prompt certification by our chief executive officer of any material non-compliance with any corporate governance rules; and (iv) we must provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE corporate governance practices required to be followed by U.S. listed companies. The discussion of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those required of U.S. listed companies follows below.

 

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Majority of Independent Directors

The NYSE rules require that a majority of the board must consist of independent directors. Independence is defined by various criteria, including the absence of a material relationship between the director and the listed company. Brazilian law does not have a similar requirement. Under Brazilian law, neither our Board of Directors nor our management is required to test the independence of directors before their election to the board. However, both Brazilian Corporate Law and the CVM have established rules that require directors to meet certain qualification requirements and that address the compensation and duties and responsibilities of, as well as the restrictions applicable to, a company’s executive officers and directors. While our directors meet the qualification requirements of Brazilian Corporate Law and the CVM, we do not believe that a majority of our directors would be considered independent under the NYSE test for director independence. Brazilian Corporate Law and our bylaws require that our directors be elected by our shareholders at a general shareholders’ meeting.

Executive Sessions

NYSE rules require that the non-management directors must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management present. Brazilian Corporate Law does not have a similar provision. According to Brazilian Corporate Law, up to one-third of the members of the Board of Directors can be elected from management. The remaining non-management directors are not expressly empowered to serve as a check on management, and there is no requirement that those directors meet regularly without management. As a result, the non-management directors on our board do not typically meet in executive session.

Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee

NYSE rules require that listed companies have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and governed by a written charter addressing the committee’s required purpose and detailing its required responsibilities, which include, among other things, identifying and selecting qualified board member nominees and developing a set of corporate governance principles applicable to the company.

Compensation Committee

NYSE rules require that listed companies have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and governed by a written charter addressing the committee’s required purpose and detailing its required responsibilities, which include, among other things, reviewing corporate goals relevant to the chief executive officer’s compensation, evaluating the chief executive officer’s performance, approving the chief executive officer’s compensation levels and recommending to the board non-chief executive officer compensation, incentive-compensation and equity-based plans. We are not required under applicable Brazilian law to have a compensation committee. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, the total amount available for compensation of our directors and executive officers and for profit-sharing payments to our executive officers is established by our shareholders at the annual general meeting. The Board of Directors is then responsible for determining the individual compensation and profit-sharing of each executive officer, as well as the compensation of our board and committee members. In making such determinations, the board reviews the performance of the executive officers, including the performance of our chief executive officer, who typically excuses himself from discussions regarding his performance and compensation.

Audit Committee

NYSE rules require that listed companies have an audit committee that: (i) is composed of a minimum of three independent directors who are all financially literate; (ii) meets the SEC rules regarding audit committees for listed companies; (iii) has at least one member who has accounting or financial management expertise; and (iv) is governed by a written charter addressing the committee’s required purpose and detailing its required responsibilities. However, as a foreign private issuer, we need only to comply with the requirement that the audit committee meet the SEC rules regarding audit committees for listed companies. Brazilian Corporate Law requires companies to have a non-permanent Fiscal Council composed of three to five members who are elected at the general shareholders’ meeting.

 

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Shareholder Approval of Equity Compensation Plans

NYSE rules require that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions thereto, with limited exceptions. Under Brazilian Corporate Law, shareholders must approve all stock option plans. In addition, any issuance of new shares that exceeds our authorized share capital is subject to shareholder approval.

NYSE rules require that listed companies adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. We have not adopted any formal corporate governance guidelines beyond those required by applicable Brazilian law. We have adopted and observe a disclosure policy, which requires the public disclosure of all relevant information pursuant to guidelines set forth by the CVM, as well as an insider trading policy, which, among other things, establishes black-out periods and requires insiders to inform management of all transactions involving our securities.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

NYSE rules require that listed companies adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. Applicable Brazilian law does not have a similar requirement.

Internal Audit Function

NYSE rules require that listed companies maintain an internal audit function to provide management and the audit committee with ongoing assessments of the company’s risk management processes and system of internal control.

D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

Corporate Purpose

Our by-laws provide that our corporate purposes are:

 

  (1)

to construct and operate power plants and transmission lines to generate and distribute electric energy and to enter into related business transactions, such as the trade of electric energy;

 

  (2)

to cooperate with the government to establish national energy policy;

 

  (3)

to give financial support to our subsidiaries;

 

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  (4)

to promote and support research of interest to the energy sector, connected with the generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy, as well as studies regarding the utilization of reservoirs for various purposes;

 

  (5)

to contribute to the training of the technical personnel required by the Brazilian electric energy sector by means of specialized courses; we may also grant assistance to educational entities in Brazil or abroad; and

 

  (6)

to cooperate technically and administratively with our subsidiaries and the government.

Our Board of Directors do not have the power to vote on compensation to themselves or to exercise borrowing powers. Only our stockholders may approve such matters. There are no prescribed age limits for retirement of members of our Board of Directors.

Description of our Capital Stock

General

We are a mixed capital company, authorized by and constituted in accordance with Brazilian Law No. 3,890-A of April 25, 1961. We are registered with the Brazilian tax authorities with CNPJ no. 00.001.180/0001-26.

Our share capital is divided into three types of shares: common shares, class “A” preferred shares (which were issued before June 23, 1969) and class “B” preferred shares (which have been issued since June 23, 1969).

In September 2006, we entered into an agreement with the BM&FBOVESPA to list our shares on the Level 1 segment of BM&FBOVESPA’s corporate governance, the effectiveness of which began on September 29, 2006. Trading in our shares on the Level 1 began on September 29, 2006.

History of our Capital Stock

In 2008, our share capital increased from R$24,236 million to R$26,157 million due to the conversion of compulsory loans into class “B” preferred shares. The amount of class “B” preferred shares increased from 224,328,055 to 227,186,643.

Treasury Shares

We hold no treasury shares and we do not have a program for repurchasing our shares.

Rights Attaching to Our Shares

Common Shares

Each of our common shares entitles its holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders at an annual or special shareholders’ general meeting. In addition, upon our liquidation, holders of our shares are entitled to share all of our remaining assets, after payment of all of our liabilities, ratably in accordance with their respective participation in the total amount of the issued and outstanding common shares. Holders of our common shares are entitled to participate on all future capital increases by us.

Preferred Shares

The holders of our preferred shares are not entitled to vote at annual or special shareholders’ general meetings but they have preferential right to reimbursement of capital and distribution of dividends. Our preferred shares cannot be converted into common shares.

 

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Class “A” preferred shares, and bonus shares related to such shares, are entitled to a dividend of 8% per annum, in priority to the distribution of other dividends, to be divided equally between them. Class “B” preferred shares, and bonus shares related to such shares, are entitled to a divided of 6% per annum, in priority to the distribution of other dividends, to be divided equally between them. An unpaid dividend is not payable in future years. The Class “A” preferred shares and the class “B” preferred shares rank equally on a liquidation.

In addition, the preferred shares are entitled to receive a dividend at least ten per cent above the dividend paid to each common share.

Transfer of Our Shares

Our shares are not subject to any share transfer restrictions. Whenever a transfer of ownership of shares occurs, the finance company with which such shares are deposited may collect from the transferring shareholder the cost of any services in connection with the Brazilian transfer thereof, subject to maximum rates established by the CVM.

Pre-emption Rights

No pre-emption rights apply on the issuance or transfer of our shares.

Redemption

We cannot redeem our shares.

Registration

Our shares are held in book-entry form with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A., which will act as the custodian agent for our shares. Transfer of our shares will be carried out by means of book entry by J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A. in its accounting system, debiting the share account of the seller and crediting the share account of the buyer, upon a written order of the transferor or a judicial authorization or order to affect such transfers.

Notification of Interests in Our Shares

Any shareholder that acquires 5% or more of our capital stock of any class is obliged to notify the CVM through us of this fact by the beginning of the following month. Such a shareholder must submit further notifications for further shares of our capital stock that they acquire. We are obliged to notify the CVM within 10 days of the start of the month.

Shareholders’ General Meetings

Brazilian corporation law does not allow shareholders to approve matters by written consent obtained as a response to a consent solicitation procedure. All matters subject to approval by the shareholders must be approved in a duly convened general meeting. There are two types of shareholders’ meetings: ordinary and extraordinary. Ordinary meetings take place once a year within 120 days of our fiscal year end and extraordinary meetings can be called whenever necessary.

Shareholders’ meetings are called by our board of directors. Notice of such meetings is posted to shareholders and, in addition, notices are placed in a newspaper of general circulation in our principal place of business and on our website at least 15 days before the meeting.

Shareholders’ meetings take place at our headquarters in Brasília. Shareholders may be represented at a shareholders’ meeting by attorneys-in-fact who are: (i) shareholders of the company; (ii) a Brazilian lawyer; (iii) a member of our management; or (iv) a financial institution.

At duly convened meetings, our shareholders are able to take any action regarding our business. The following actions can only be taken by our shareholders in general meeting:

 

   

approving our annual accounts;

 

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electing and dismissing the members of our board of directors and our fiscal council;

 

   

amending our by-laws;

 

   

approving our merger, consolidation or spin-off;

 

   

approving our dissolution or liquidation as well as the election and dismissal of liquidators and the approval of their accounts;

 

   

granting stock awards and approving stock splits or reverse stock splits;

 

   

approving stock option plans for our management and employees; and

 

   

approving the payment of dividends.

Board of Directors, Board of Executive Officers and Fiscal Council

Our by-laws provide for a Board of Directors, composed of up to ten members, a Board of Executive Officers, of unlimited membership, and a permanent Fiscal Council, composed of five members.

Qualifications

All members of our Board of Directors, Board of Executive Officers and Fiscal Council must be Brazilian citizens. Our by-laws provide that only shareholders of the company may be appointed to the Board of Directors; there is no share ownership requirement for appointment to our Board of Executive Officers or Fiscal Council. Our by-laws also provide that the certain people may not be appointed to the management of the company, including those who: are disqualified by the CVM, have been declared bankrupt or have been convicted of certain offenses such as bribery and crimes against the economy.

The minutes of the shareholders’ or directors’ meeting that appoints a member of the Board of Directors or the Board of Executive Officers, respectively, must detail the qualifications of such person and specify the period of their mandate.

Appointment

The members of our Board of Directors are elected at the general shareholders meeting for a renewable term of three years. However, on April 28, 2005, our shareholders approved an amendment to our by-laws pursuant to which the term of office of each member of our Board of Directors will decrease from three years to one year. In accordance with Law No. 3,890 – A of April 25, 1961, this amendment is subject to approval in the form of a Presidential decree, which is pending at the date of this annual report.

As our majority shareholder, the Brazilian Government has the right to appoint eight members of our Board of Directors, of which seven are appointed by the MME and one by the Planning, Budget and Management Ministry. The other common shareholders have the right to elect one member, and the holders of preferred shares without voting rights representing at least ten percent of our total capital have the right to elect one member. One of the members of the Board of Directors is appointed President of the company.

The members of our Board of Executive Officers are appointed by our Board of Directors for an indefinite term.

The Brazilian Government has the right to appoint three of the members of our Fiscal Council, and both the minority shareholders and the holders of our preferred shares have the right to appoint one member each.

 

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Meetings

Our Board of Directors ordinarily meets once a month and when called by a majority of the directors or the Chairman. Among other duties, our Board of Directors is responsible for: (i) establishing our business guidelines; (ii) determining the corporate organization of our subsidiaries or any equity participation by us in other legal entities; (iii) determining our loans and financing policy; and (iv) approving any guarantee in favor of any of our subsidiaries on any financial agreement. Directors cannot participate in discussions or vote in relation to matters in which they are otherwise interested.

Our Board of Executive Officers ordinarily meets every week, or when called by a majority of the officers or by the President. Our Board of Executive Officers determines our general business policy, is responsible for all matters related to our day-to-day management and operations, and is the highest controlling body with regards to the execution of our guidelines. Members of our Board of Executive Officers cannot participate in discussions or vote in relation to matters in which they are otherwise interested.

The Fiscal Council meets once a month.

Disclosure Obligations

Our disclosure obligations are determined by the Manual de Divulgação e Uso de Informações Relevantes e Política de Negociação de Valores Mobiliários de Emissão da Eletrobrás (Guide to Disclosure and Use of Relevant Information and Policy for the Negotiation of Securities issued by Eletrobrás), a copy of which is available on our website. Information found at this website is not incorporated by reference into this annual report.

C. Material Contracts

Our Itaipu operations are made pursuant to a treaty entered into on April 26, 1973 between the Brazilian Government and the government of Paraguay. A translation of this treaty is included as an exhibit to this annual report. The material terms of this treaty are described in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.

D. Exchange Controls

The right to convert dividend or interest payments and proceeds from the sale of shares into foreign currency and to remit such amounts outside Brazil is subject to restrictions under foreign investment legislation which generally requires, among other things, that the relevant investments have been registered with the Central Bank and the CVM. Such restrictions on the remittance of foreign capital abroad may hinder or prevent the custodian for our preferred shares represented by our ADSs or the holders of our preferred shares from converting dividends, distributions or the proceeds from any sale of these preferred shares into U.S. dollars and remitting the U.S. dollars abroad. Holders of our ADSs could be adversely affected by delays in, or refusal to grant any, required government approval to convert Brazilian currency payments on the preferred shares underlying our ADS and to remit the proceeds abroad.

Resolution No. 1,927 of the National Monetary Council provides for the issuance of depositary receipts in foreign markets in respect of shares of Brazilian issuers. It restates and amends Annex V to Resolution No. 1,289 of the National Monetary Council, known as the Annex V Regulations. The ADS program was approved under the Annex V Regulations by the Central Bank and the CVM prior to the issuance of the ADSs. Accordingly, the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by ADR holders outside Brazil are free of Brazilian foreign investment controls, and holders of the ADSs are entitled to favorable tax treatment. See “Item 10.E, Taxation—Material Brazilian Tax Considerations”.

Under Resolution No. 2,689 of the CMN, foreign investors registered with the CVM may buy and sell Brazilian securities, including our preferred shares, on Brazilian stock exchanges without obtaining separate certificates of registration for each transaction. Registration is available to qualified foreign investors, which principally include foreign financial institutions, insurance companies, pension and investment funds, charitable foreign institutions and other institutions that meet certain minimum capital and other requirements. Resolution No. 2,689 also extends favorable tax treatment to registered investors. See “Item 10.E, Taxation—Material Brazilian Tax Considerations”.

 

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Pursuant to the Resolution No. 2,689 foreign investors must: (i) appoint at least one representative in Brazil with the ability to perform actions regarding the foreign investment; (ii) complete the appropriate foreign investor registration form; (iii) obtain registration as a foreign investor with CVM; and (iv) register the foreign investment with the Central Bank.

The securities and other financial assets held by a foreign investor pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689 must be registered or maintained in deposit accounts or under the custody of an entity duly licensed by the Central Bank or by the CVM or be registered in register, clearing and custody systems authorized by the Central Bank or by the CVM. In addition, the trading of securities is restricted to transactions carried out on the stock exchanges or over-the-counter markets licensed by the CVM.

Registered Capital

Amounts invested in our shares by a non-Brazilian holder who qualifies under Resolution No. 2,689 and obtains registration with the CVM, or by the depositary representing an ADS holder, are eligible for registration with the Central Bank. This registration (the amount so registered is referred to as registered capital) allows the remittance outside Brazil of foreign currency, converted at the commercial market rate, acquired with the proceeds of distributions on, and amounts realized through, dispositions of our shares. The registered capital per share purchased in the form of an ADS, or purchased in Brazil and deposited with the depositary in exchange for an ADS, will be equal to its purchase price (stated in U.S. dollars). The registered capital per share withdrawn upon cancellation of an ADS will be the U.S. dollar equivalent of: (i) the average price of a share on the Brazilian stock exchange on which the most shares were traded on the day of withdrawal or; (ii) if no shares were traded on that day, the average price on the Brazilian stock exchange on which the most shares were traded in the fifteen trading sessions immediately preceding such withdrawal. The U.S. dollar equivalent will be determined on the basis of the average commercial market rates quoted by the Central Bank on these dates.

A non-Brazilian holder of shares may experience delays in effecting Central Bank registration, which may delay remittances abroad. This delay may adversely affect the amount in U.S. dollars, received by the non-Brazilian holder.

A certificate of registration has been issued in the name of the depositary with respect to the ADSs and is maintained by the custodian on behalf of the depositary. Pursuant to the certificate of registration, the custodian and the depositary are able to convert dividends and other distributions with respect to the shares represented by our ADSs into foreign currency and remit the proceeds outside Brazil. In the event that a holder of ADSs exchanges such ADSs for shares, such holder will be entitled to continue to rely on the depositary’s certificate of registration for five business days after such exchange, following which such holder must seek to obtain its own certificate of registration with the Central Bank. Thereafter, any holder of shares may not be able to convert into foreign currency and remit outside Brazil the proceeds from the disposition of, or distributions with respect to, such shares, unless the holder is a duly qualified investor under Resolution No. 2,689 or obtains its own certificate of registration. A holder that obtains a certificate of registration will be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment than a holder of ADSs. See “Item 10.E, Taxation—Material Brazilian Tax Considerations”.

If the holder does not qualify under Resolution No. 2,689 by registering with the CVM and the Central Bank and appointing a representative in Brazil, the holder will be subject to less favorable Brazilian tax treatment than a holder of ADSs. Regardless of qualification under Resolution No. 2,689, residents in tax havens are subject to less favorable tax treatment than other foreign investors. See “Item 10.E, Taxation—Material Brazilian Tax Considerations”.

Under current Brazilian legislation, the federal government may impose temporary restrictions on remittances of foreign capital abroad in the event of a serious imbalance or an anticipated serious imbalance of Brazil’s balance of payments. For approximately six months in 1989 and early 1990, the Brazilian government froze all dividend and capital repatriations held by the Central Bank that were owed to foreign equity investors, in order to conserve Brazil’s foreign currency reserves. These amounts were subsequently released in accordance with federal government directives. There can be no assurance that the Brazilian government will not impose similar restrictions on foreign repatriations in the future. See “Item 3.D, Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil”.

 

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E. Taxation

The following discussion addresses the material Brazilian and United States federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of our shares or ADSs.

This discussion is not a comprehensive discussion of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase our shares or ADSs and is not applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules, and does not specifically address all of the Brazilian and United States federal income tax considerations applicable to any particular holder. It is based upon the tax laws of Brazil and the United States as in effect on the date of this annual report, which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. Each prospective purchaser is urged to consult its own tax advisor about the particular Brazilian and United States federal income tax consequences to it of an investment in our shares or ADSs. This discussion is also based upon the representations of the depositary and on the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement among us, J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary, and the registered holders and beneficial owners of our ADSs, and any related documents, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

Although there presently is no income tax treaty between Brazil and the United States, the tax authorities of the two countries have had discussions that may culminate in such a treaty. We cannot assure you, however, as to whether or when a treaty will enter into force or how it will affect holders of our shares or ADSs.

Material Brazilian Tax Considerations

The following discussion, addresses the material Brazilian tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our shares or ADSs by a holder that is not domiciled in Brazil for purposes of Brazilian taxation and which has registered its investment in such securities with the Central Bank as a U.S. dollar investment (in each case, a Non-Brazilian Holder). Pursuant to Brazilian law, investors may invest in the shares under Resolution No. 2,689.

Resolution No. 2,689 allows foreign investors to invest in almost all financial assets and to engage in almost all transactions available in the Brazilian financial and capital markets, provided that some requirements are fulfilled. In accordance with Resolution No. 2,689, the definition of foreign investor includes individuals, legal entities, mutual funds and other collective investment entities, domiciled or headquartered abroad.

Pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689, foreign investors must: (i) appoint at least one representative in Brazil with powers to perform actions relating to the foreign investment; (ii) complete the appropriate foreign investor registration form; (iii) register as a foreign investor with the Brazilian securities commission; and (iv) register the foreign investment with the Central Bank.

Securities and other financial assets held by foreign investors pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689 must be registered or maintained in deposit accounts or under the custody of an entity duly licensed by the Central Bank or the CVM. In addition, securities trading is restricted to transactions carried out in the stock exchanges or organized over-the-counter markets licensed by the CVM, except for transfers resulting from a corporate reorganization, occurring upon the death of an investor by operation of law or will or as a consequence of the delisting of the relevant shares from a stock exchange and the cancellation of the registration with the CVM.

Taxation of Dividends. Dividends, including dividends in kind, paid by us to the depository in respect of the shares underlying the ADSs or to a Non-Brazilian Holder in respect of our shares generally will not be subject to Brazilian income withholding tax. Dividends relating to profits generated prior to December 31, 1995 are subject to a Brazilian withholding tax of 15.0% to 25.0% according to the tax legislation applicable to each corresponding year. As from January 1, 1996, stock dividends relating to profits are also not subject to withholding tax in Brazil.

Taxation of Gains. Gains realized outside Brazil by a non-Brazilian holder on the disposition of ADSs to another non-Brazilian holder are not subject to Brazilian tax. According to Law No. 10,833, enacted on December 29, 2003, or Law No. 10,833, the disposition of assets located in Brazil by a non-Brazilian holder, whether to other non-Brazilian holders or Brazilian holders, may become subject to taxation in Brazil. Although we believe that the

 

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ADSs do not fall within the definition of assets located in Brazil for purposes of Law No. 10,833, considering the general and unclear scope of such provisions and the lack of a judicial court ruling in respect thereto, we are unable to predict whether such understanding will ultimately prevail in the courts of Brazil.

For purposes of Brazilian taxation, there are two types of Non-Brazilian Holders of our shares or ADSs: (i) Non-Brazilian Holders that are not resident or domiciled in a tax haven jurisdiction (i.e., a country or location that does not impose income tax or where the maximum income tax rate is lower than 20.0% or where the internal legislation imposes restrictions to disclosure of shareholding composition or the ownership of the investment), and that, in the case of holders of our shares, are registered before the Central Bank and the CVM to invest in Brazil in accordance with Resolution No. 2,689; and (ii) other Non-Brazilian Holders, which include any and all non-residents of Brazil who invest in equity securities of Brazilian companies through any other means and all types of investor that are located in tax haven jurisdiction. The investors mentioned in item (i) above are subject to a favorable tax regime in Brazil, as described below.

The deposit of our shares in exchange for ADSs may be subject to Brazilian tax on capital gains at the rate of 15.0%, or 25.0% in the case of investors domiciled in a tax haven jurisdiction, if the amount previously registered with the Central Bank as a foreign investment in the preferred or common shares is lower than: (i) the average price per preferred or common share on a Brazilian stock exchange on which the greatest number of such shares were sold on the day of deposit; or (ii) if no preferred or common shares were sold on that day, the average price on the Brazilian stock exchange on which the greatest number of preferred or common shares were sold in the 15 trading sessions immediately preceding such deposit. In such case, the difference between the amount previously registered and the average price of the shares calculated as above will be considered to be a capital gain. Such taxation is not applicable in case of investors registered under Resolution No. 2,689 which are not located in a tax haven jurisdiction, which are currently tax exempt from income tax in such transaction.

The withdrawal of ADSs in exchange for preferred or common shares is not subject to Brazilian tax. Upon receipt of the underlying preferred or common shares, a Non-Brazilian Holder registered under Resolution No. 2,689 will be entitled to register the U.S. dollar value of such shares with the Central Bank as described below.

As a general rule, Non-Brazilian Holders registered under Resolution No. 2,689 which are not located in a tax haven jurisdiction are subject to income tax at a rate of 15.0% on gains realized on sales or exchanges of our shares outside a Brazilian stock exchange. With reference to proceeds of a redemption or of a liquidating distribution with respect to the preferred or common shares, the difference between the amount effectively received by the shareholder and the amount of the corresponding acquisition cost of the preferred or common shares redeemed or liquidated will be also subject to income tax at a rate of 15.0% once such transactions are treated as a sale or exchange not carried out on a Brazilian stock exchange. Gains realized arising from transactions on a Brazilian stock exchange by an investor registered under Resolution No. 2,689 which is not located in a tax haven jurisdiction are exempt from Brazilian income tax. This preferential treatment under Resolution No. 2,689 does not apply to Non-Brazilian Holders of our shares or ADSs that are resident in a tax haven jurisdiction in accordance with Law No. 9,959 of January 27, 2000, in which case gains realized on transactions performed by such holder on the Brazilian stock exchange are subject to the tax rate that is applicable to a Brazilian resident. Pursuant to Law No. 11,033 of December 21, 2004, the rate applicable to Brazilian residents in transactions entered into as of January 1, 2005 was established at 15.0%, being also subject to a withholding tax of 0.005% (to be offset against tax due on eventual capital gains).

Therefore, non-Brazilian Holders are subject to income tax at a rate of 15.0% on gains realized on sales or exchanges in Brazil of our shares that occur on a Brazilian stock exchange, unless such sale is made by a Non-Brazilian Holder which is not resident in a tax haven jurisdiction, and: (i) such a sale is made within five business days of the withdrawal of such shares in exchange for ADSs and the proceeds of such sale are remitted abroad within such five-day period; or (ii) such a sale is made under Resolution No. 2,689 by Non-Brazilian Holders which register with the CVM. In these two cases the transaction will be tax exempt.

The “gain realized” as a result of a transaction on a Brazilian stock exchange is the difference between the amount in Brazilian currency realized on the sale or exchange of the shares and their acquisition cost, without any correction for inflation. There can be no assurance that the current preferential treatment for holders of ADSs and Non-Brazilian Holders of preferred or common shares under Resolution No. 2,689 will continue or will not be changed in the future.

 

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Any exercise of preemptive rights relating to the preferred or common shares or ADSs will not be subject to Brazilian taxation. Any gain on the sale or assignment of preemptive rights relating to shares by the depositary on behalf of holders of ADSs will be subject to Brazilian income taxation according to the same rules applicable to the sale or disposition of shares.

Distributions of Interest Attributable to Shareholders’ Equity. In accordance with Law No. 9,249, dated December 26, 1995, as amended, Brazilian corporations may make payments to shareholders characterized as distributions of interest on own capital. Such interest is calculated by reference to the TJLP as determined by the Central Bank from time to time and cannot exceed the greater of:

 

   

50% of net income (after social contribution on profits and before taking such distribution and any deductions for corporate income tax into account) for the period in respect of which the payment is made; or

 

   

50% of the sum of retained profits and profits reserves.

Distributions of interest on own capital in respect of the preferred or common shares paid to shareholders who are either Brazilian residents or Non-Brazilian Residents, including holders of ADSs, are subject to Brazilian income withholding tax at the rate of 15.0%, or 25.0% in case of shareholders domiciled in a tax haven jurisdiction, and shall be deductible by us as long as the payment of a distribution of interest is approved by our shareholders. The distribution of interest on owner capital may be determined by our board of directors. We cannot assure you that our board of directors will not determine that future distributions of profits may be made by means of interest on owner capital instead of by means of dividends.

The amounts paid as distribution of interest on own capital are deductible for corporation income tax and social contribution on profit, both of which are taxes levied on our profits, as far as the limits and rules described above are observed by us.

Other Relevant Brazilian Taxes

There are no Brazilian inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of preferred or common shares or ADSs by a Non-Brazilian Holder except for gift and inheritance taxes which are levied by some states of Brazil on gifts made or inheritances bestowed by individuals or entities not resident or domiciled in Brazil or domiciled within the state to individuals or entities resident or domiciled within such state in Brazil. There are no Brazilian stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of our shares or ADSs.

Pursuant to Decree 4,494 of December 2000, the conversion into foreign currency or the conversion into Brazilian currency of the proceeds received by a Brazilian entity from a foreign investment in the Brazilian securities market, including those in connection with the investment in the preferred or common shares and ADSs and those made under Resolution No. 2,689, is potentially subject to an Imposto Sobre Operações Financeiras (an exchange transactions tax or IOF/Câmbio) although at present the rate of such tax is generally zero percent. Under Law No. 8,894 of June 21, 1994, or Law No. 8,894, such IOF tax rate may be increased at any time to a maximum of 25.0%, but any such increase will only be applicable to transactions occurring after such increase becomes effective.

Law No. 8,894 creates the Tax on Bonds and Securities Transactions (IOF/Títulos), which may be imposed on any transactions involving bonds and securities effected in Brazil, even if the transactions are performed on a Brazilian stock exchange. As a general rule, the rate of this tax is currently zero but the executive branch may increase such rate up to 1.5% per day, but only with respect to future transactions.

 

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Until December 31, 2007, generally, fund transfers in connection with financial transactions in Brazil were subject to the Contribuição Provisória sobre Movimentação Financeira (the temporary contribution on financial transactions or CPMF), which was levied at a rate of 0.38% on any bank account withdrawals.

However, as of January 1, 2008, the CPMF is no longer in force and should not be levied on any debit to bank accounts carried out after that date. The Brazilian government may attempt to reestablish the CPMF after February 2008, by submitting a new proposal to the Brazilian Congress. In the event the CPMF is reestablished, it will apply only after a period of 90 days have elapsed after enactment of the respective vacatio legis (or introductory legislation) and only in regard to prospective triggering events.

Registered Capital. The amount of an investment in shares held by a Non-Brazilian Holder who qualifies under Resolution No. 2,689 and obtains registration with the CVM, or by the depositary, as the depositary representing such holder, is eligible for registration with the Central Bank. Such registration allows the remittance outside of Brazil of any proceeds of distributions on the shares, and amounts realized with respect to disposition of such shares. The amounts received in Brazilian currency are converted into foreign currency through the use of the commercial market rate. The registered capital for preferred or common shares purchased in the form of ADSs or purchased in Brazil, and deposited with the depositary in exchange for ADSs will be equal to their purchase price (in U.S. dollars) to the purchaser. The registered capital for shares that are withdrawn upon surrender of ADSs, as applicable, will be the U.S. dollar equivalent of the average price of preferred or common shares, as applicable, on a Brazilian stock exchange on which the greatest number of such shares, as applicable, was sold on the day of withdrawal. If no preferred or common shares, as applicable, were sold on such day, the registered capital will refer to the average price on the Brazilian stock exchange on which the greatest number of such shares, as applicable, were sold in the 15 trading sessions immediately preceding such withdrawal. The U.S. dollar value of the preferred or common shares, as applicable, is determined on the basis of the average commercial market rate quoted by the Central Bank on such date or, if the average price of such shares is determined under the last preceding sentence, the average of such average quoted rates on the same 15 dates used to determine the average price of the shares.

A Non-Brazilian Holder of our shares may experience delays in effecting such action, which may delay remittances abroad. Such a delay may adversely affect the amount, in U.S. dollars, received by the Non-Brazilian Holder.

Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following discussion describes the material United States federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of our shares or ADSs. This discussion applies only to beneficial owners of our ADSs or shares that are “U.S. Holders”, as defined below. This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, its legislative history, existing final, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, administrative pronouncements by the United States Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to change (possibly on a retroactive basis) and to different interpretations. This discussion is also based upon the representations of the depositary and on the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement among us, J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as depositary, and the registered holders and beneficial owners of our ADSs, and any related documents, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

This discussion does not purport to address all United States federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular holder and you are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding your specific tax situation. The discussion applies only to U.S. Holders who hold our shares or ADSs as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the Code and does not address the tax consequences that may be relevant to U.S. Holders in special tax situations including, for example:

 

   

financial institutions or insurance companies;

 

   

tax-exempt organizations;

 

   

broker-dealers;

 

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traders in securities that elect to mark to market;

 

   

real estate, investments trusts, regulated investment companies, partnership or grantor trusts;

 

   

investors whose functional currency is not the United States dollar;

 

   

United States expatriates;

 

   

holders that hold our shares or ADSs as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction; or

 

   

holders that own, directly, indirectly, or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power, if any, of our shares or ADSs.

Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes. Please see the discussion in “Item 10. E, Taxation—Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below. Further, this discussion does not address the alternative minimum tax consequences of holding our shares or ADSs or the indirect consequences to holders of equity interests in partnerships or other entities that own our shares or ADSs. In addition, this discussion does not address the state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of holding our shares or ADSs.

You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax consequences of purchasing, owning, and disposing of our shares or ADSs in your particular circumstances.

You are a “U.S. Holder” if you are a beneficial owner of shares or ADSs and you are for United States federal income tax purposes:

 

   

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

   

a corporation, or any other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

 

   

an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or

 

   

a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

If a partnership holds shares or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A prospective investor who is a partner of a partnership holding our shares or ADSs should consult its own tax advisor.

Ownership of ADSs in General

For United States federal income tax purposes, if you are a holder of ADSs, you generally will be treated as the owner of the shares represented by such ADSs. Deposits and withdrawals of shares by a U.S. Holder in exchange for ADSs generally will not result in the realization of gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes.

The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom receipts similar to the ADSs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of ADSs and that would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced tax rate described below applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Brazilian taxes and the availability of the reduced rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate holders could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADSs are released.

 

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Distributions on Shares or ADSs

The gross amount of distributions made to you of cash or property with respect to your shares or ADSs, before reduction for any Brazilian taxes withheld therefrom, will be includible in your income as dividend income to the extent such distributions are paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to corporate U.S. Holders. Subject to applicable limitations, including holding period limitations, and the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. Holders of ADSs in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, will be taxable at a maximum rate of 15.0%. U.S. Holders, in particular U.S. Holders of shares, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of this legislation in their particular circumstances.

If you are a U.S. Holder, and we pay a dividend in Brazilian reais, any such dividend will be included in your gross income in an amount equal to the U.S. dollar value of Brazilian reais on the date of receipt by you or, in the case of ADSs, the depositary, regardless of whether or when the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income.

If you are a U.S. Holder, dividends paid to you with respect to your shares or ADSs will be treated as foreign source income, which may be relevant in calculating your foreign tax credit limitation. Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Brazilian tax withheld on dividends may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. Instead of claiming a credit, you may, at your election, deduct such otherwise creditable Brazilian taxes in computing your taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. law. The rules governing foreign tax credits and deductions for non-U.S. taxes are complex and, therefore, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the applicability of these rules in your particular circumstances.

Sale or Exchange or other Taxable Disposition of Shares or ADSs

A U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our shares or ADSs measured by the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares or ADSs. Any gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares or ADSs have been held for more than one year. Long-term capital gains of certain U.S. holders (including individuals) are eligible for reduced rates of United States federal income taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations under the Code.

If a Brazilian tax is withheld on the sale or other disposition of a share or ADS, the amount realized by a U.S. Holder will include the gross amount of the proceeds of that sale or other disposition before deduction of the Brazilian tax. Capital gain or loss, if any, realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of a share or ADS generally will be treated as United States source income or loss for United States foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, in the case of a disposition of a share that is subject to Brazilian tax imposed on the gain (or, in the case of a deposit, in exchange for an ADS or share, as the case may be, that is not registered pursuant to Resolution No. 2,689, on which a Brazilian capital gains tax is imposed, the U.S. Holder may not be able to benefit from the foreign tax credit for that Brazilian tax unless the U.S. Holder can apply the credit against United States federal income tax payable on other income from non-U.S. sources in the appropriate income category. Alternatively, the U.S. Holder may take a deduction for the Brazilian tax if it does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for any non-U.S. taxes paid during the taxable year.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if, for any taxable year in which the U.S. Holder holds stock in the non-U.S. corporation, at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or at least 50% of the value of its assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) produce passive income or are held

 

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for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties and gains from the disposition of investment assets (subject to various exceptions). Based upon the nature of our current and projected income, assets and activities, we do not believe the shares or ADSs were for the preceding taxable year nor do we expect them to be, shares of a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes. However, the determination of whether the shares or ADSs constitute shares of a PFIC is a factual determination made annually and thus may be subject to change. Because these determinations are based on the nature of our income and assets from time to time, and involve the application of complex tax rules, no assurances can be provided that we will not be considered a PFIC for the current or any past or future tax year.

If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you are a U.S. Holder, various adverse consequences could apply to you. Neither gains nor dividends would be subject to the reduced tax rates discussed above that are applicable in certain situations. Rather, gain recognized by you on a sale or other disposition of the common shares or ADSs would be allocated ratably over your period for the common shares or ADSs. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, and an interest charge would be imposed on such tax as if it had not been paid from the original due date for your tax return for such year. Further, any distribution in respect of common shares or ADSs in excess of 125 percent of the average of the annual distributions on common shares or ADSs received by you during the preceding three years or, if shorter, your holding period would be subject to taxation as described above. Certain elections may be available (including a mark to market election) to U.S. persons that may mitigate the adverse consequences resulting from PFIC status. In any case, you would be subject to additional U.S. tax form filing requirements.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

In general, dividends on our shares or ADSs, and payments of the proceeds of a sale, exchange or other disposition of shares or ADSs, paid within the United States or through certain United States-related financial intermediaries to a U.S. Holder are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding at a current maximum rate of 28% unless the holder: (i) is a corporation or other exempt recipient; or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is a U.S. person and has not lost its exemption from backup withholding has occurred.

You can credit amounts withheld under these rules against your United States Federal income tax liability, or obtain a refund of such amounts that exceed your United States Federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

Statements contained in this annual report regarding the contents of any contract or other document are complete in all material respects, however, where the contract or other document is an exhibit to this annual report, each of these statements is qualified in all respects by the provisions of the actual contract or other documents.

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to a foreign private issuer. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports and other information with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. You may inspect reports and copy reports and other information filed with or furnished to the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. For further information, call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet website that contains filings, reports and other information regarding issuers who, like us, file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov.

 

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As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and members of our Board of Directors and Board of Executive Officers and our principal shareholders are exempt from reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, as a foreign private issuer, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

We also file periodic reports and financial statements with the CVM, located at Rua Sete de Setembro, 111, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20159-900, Brazil.

I. Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The risks inherent in our market sensitive instruments are potential losses that may arise from adverse changes to interest rates and/or foreign exchange rates. We are subject to market risk resulting from changes in interest rates because such changes may affect the cost at which we obtain financing. We are subject to exchange rate risk with respect to our debt denominated in foreign currencies.

Interest Rate Risks

Apart from a loan of U.S.$300 million linked to the LIBOR rate, we do not have any debt that is directly linked to variable interest rates, at December 31, 2008 we had R$32,642 million of indebtedness that was indexed to inflation to the IGP-M. Variations in interest rates may impact inflation and, accordingly, we are indirectly subject to changes in interest rates that may increase the cost of financing.

At December 31, 2008, 100.0% of our total indebtedness of R$3,273 million, denominated in reais was indexed to the IGP-M or another inflation index. As a result, our exposure to Brazilian inflation risk was R$3,273 million at December 31, 2008. Each 1.0% variation in the IGP-M rate or any other inflation index would have an impact of R$33 million on our net income.

Exchange Rate Risks

At December 31, 2008, approximately 90% of our total indebtedness of R$29,283 million was denominated in foreign currencies. Of this foreign currency denominated indebtedness, R$27,234 million, or approximately 93% was denominated in U.S. dollars (and of which R$25,148 million, or approximately 92% was indebtedness of Itaipu).

We have a foreign currency exposure affecting our assets and liabilities due to the loans we provide to Itaipu, whose financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars. In order to protect ourselves against fluctuations in the U.S. dollar/real exchange rate, our Board of Executive Officers approved the implementation of a hedging policy in July 2007, which was designed to reduce the exposure to these foreign currency variations through the use of derivative contracts.

In 2008, we entered into short-term derivative contracts, which expired in December 2008. Currently we do not have any derivative contracts outstanding and we are not proposing to enter into derivative contracts providing leverage or credit protection. Our general strategy is to focus on protection from currency fluctuations. However, we are considering broadening our hedging policy to cover others market risks, such as interest rates and indices, as well as embedded derivatives.

 

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As a result, our actual exposure to U.S. dollar exchange rate risk was R$27,234 million at December 31, 2008. Each 1.0% variation in the U.S. dollar/Brazilian real exchange rate would have an impact of R$27 million on our net income.

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2008, the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are adequate and effective in ensuring that all material information relating to us required to be filed in this annual report has been made known to them in a timely fashion.

In accordance with section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are not required to include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the company’s registered public accounting firm due to a transition period for newly public companies.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2008 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 15T. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our board of directors has determined that Hailton Madureira de Almeida, a member of our Fiscal Council, is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by current SEC rules and meets the independence requirements of the SEC and the NYSE listing standards. For a discussion of the role of our Fiscal Council, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees C. Board Practices—Fiscal Council.”

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all our employees, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions, as well as to directors and other officers. We have posted this code of ethics on our website at: http://www.eletrobras.com/elb/data/Pages/ LUMISB877EC49ENIE.htm. Copies of our code of ethics may be obtained by writing to us at the address set forth on the front cover of this Form 20-F. We have not granted any implicit or explicit waivers from any provision of our code of ethics since its adoption.

 

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ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The following table sets forth by category of service the total fees for services provided to Eletrobrás by BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     2008    2007
     (R$)

Audit Fees

   705,483.61    508,227.60

Audit-Related Fees

   —            —        

Tax Fees

   —            —        

All Other Fees

   —            —        
         

Total

       705,483.61            508,227.60    

Audit Fees

Audit fees consist of the aggregate fees billed by BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and internal controls, interim reviews of our quarterly financial information comfort letters, procedures related to the audit of income tax provisions in connection with the audit and the review of our financial statements.

Audit-Related Fees

No audit-related fees were paid to BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

Tax Fees

No tax fees were paid to BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

All Other Fees

No other fees were paid to BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

On April 27, 2005, we adopted a code of ethics that applies to all our employees, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions, as well as to directors and other officers. The objective of this code is: (i) to reduce the possibility of the misinterpretation of ethical principles as a result of subjective, personal interpretation; (ii) to be a formal and institutional benchmark for the professional conduct of our employees, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interests; (iii) to provide a standard for our internal and external relationships with our shareholders, investors, clients, employees, partners, suppliers, service providers, labor unions, competitors and society, the government and the communities in which we operate; and (iv) to ensure that daily concerns with efficiency, competitiveness and profitability do not override ethical behavior. Our code of ethics is available free of charge by requesting a copy from our Investor Relations Department at the following address: Avenida Presidente Vargas, 409, 13th Floor, Edifício Herm. Stolz, CEP 20071-003 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; telephone: +55 21 2514 6331 or +55 21 2514 6333; fax: +55 21 2514 5964; and e-mail: invest@eletrobras.com.

We also created, in 2008, a “whistleblower channel” in order to receive “complaints”, by any person (provided such complaint is first reported to the Fiscal Council), regarding any “dishonest or unethical conduct”, “accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters” and any equally confidential and anonymous submissions of “concerns” of the same type by our employees and affiliates. The “whistleblower channel” can be accessed through our website or by letter sent to our headquarters marked for the attention of our Fiscal Council. Since its establishment, 8 issues were reported to our “whistleblower channel”, all of which related to personal conduct and therefore did not have a financial impact on our results of operations.

 

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ITEM 16D. EXEMPTION FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

We have designated and empowered our Fiscal Council to perform the role of an audit committee pursuant to Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. We are required by both the SEC and the NYSE listed company audit committee rules to comply with Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, which requires that we either establish an audit committee, composed of members of our Board of Directors, that meets specified requirements or designate and empower our Fiscal Council to perform the role of the audit committee in reliance on the exemption set forth in Rule 10A-3(c)(3) of the Exchange Act. We believe that our Fiscal Council satisfies the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, which would apply in the absence of our reliance on the exemption.

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

See “Item 9C, Markets—Significant Differences between our Corporate Governance Practices and NYSE Corporate Governance Standards.

 

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PART III

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See “ITEM 18, Financial Statements”.

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Please see our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1.

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

 

1.1

By-Laws of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás (English translation).

 

2.1

Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement dated August 13, 2007 between Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás and J.P.Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., incorporated herein by reference from our Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed July 21, 2008, File No. 001-34129.

 

4.1

Itaipu treaty signed by Brazil and Paraguay – Law No. 5,899 of July 5, 1973., incorporated herein by reference from our Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed July 21, 2008, File No. 001-34129.

 

8.1

List of subsidiaries.

 

12.1

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás.

 

12.2

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás.

 

13.1

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás.

 

13.2

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – Eletrobrás.

 

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Signatures

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. — ELETROBRÁS

By:

 

/s/ José Antonio Muniz Lopes

 

Name: José Antonio Muniz Lopes

 

Title: Chief Executive Officer

By:

 

/s/ Astrogildo Fraguglia Quental

 

Name: Astrogildo Fraguglia Quental

 

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

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Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. -

ELETROBRÁS and Subsidiaries

 

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

with Report of Independent Auditors


Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

Contents

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  

F-1

Audited Financial Statements

  

Consolidated Balance Sheets

  

F-2

Consolidated Income Statements

  

F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

  

F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

  

F-6

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

  

F-7


Table of Contents

LOGO

 

BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes

Rua 7 de Setembro, 71

15º e 21º floors - Downtown

Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil

20050-005

Tel.: +55 (21) 2509-9627

Fax.: +55 (21) 2221-1395

www.bdotrevisan.com.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Management of

Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A.—ELETROBRÁS

 

  1

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. –ELETROBRÁS and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

  2

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financing reporting. An audit includes consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financing reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

  3

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. – ELETROBRÁS and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes

BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

June 30, 2009

 

F-1


Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31, 2008 and 2007

(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

 

       Note        2008      2007
           

Assets

            

Current assets:

            

Cash and cash equivalents

   5      13,033,078        7,645,704  

Restricted cash

   6      734,386        830,065  

Accounts receivable, net

   7      4,991,458        4,488,721  

Deferred regulatory assets

   11      25,124        240,154  

Loans and financings receivable

   12      1,463,667        1,268,583  

Recoverable taxes

   13      1,741,195        1,966,532  

Deferred income and social contribution taxes

   10      514,813        545,525  

Materials and supplies

   9      767,283        647,776  

Sundry debts

        388,920        439,869  

Fuel consumption account

        554,748        365,366  

Compensation right

        516,766        179,460  

Prepaid charges

        76,874        70,395  

Fair value of derivatives

   27a      52,640        295,886  
         

Other current assets

        1,194,709        710,222  
         
            26,055,661        19,694,257  
         

Property, plant and equipment, net

   15      78,635,566        75,379,549  
         

Investments in affiliates

   14      5,648,132        4,822,629  
         

Non-current assets:

            

Deferred regulatory assets

   11      23,609,493        18,199,826  

Accounts receivable, net

   7      2,293,343        2,201,203  

Loans and financings receivable

   12      4,354,362        4,716,675  

Judicial deposits

        170,563        400,986  

Marketable securities

   8      1,001,908        976,717  

Deferred income and social contribution taxes

   10      778,491        1,443,903  

Nuclear fuel inventories

   9      725,142        657,188  

Recoverable taxes

   13      1,345,725        949,962  

Fuel consumption account

        572,279        500,511  

Fair value of derivatives

   27a      40,050        296,134  

Compensation right

        4,312,809        590,025  

Other non-current assets

        828,559        1,408,248  
         
        40,032,724        31,751,353  
         

Total assets

        150,372,083        131,647,788  
         

 

F-2


Table of Contents
       Note        2008      2007
           

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

            

Current liabilities:

            

Suppliers

        1,925,416        1,903,243  

Taxes payable

   17      2,075,726        1,955,794  

Loans and financing

   16      2,664,233        2,186,783  

Compulsory loan

   22      85,205        96,709  

Federal treasury credits

   18      72,236        58,150  

Fuel consumption account

        670,482        515,418  

Employee post-retirement benefits

   20      44,980        37,972  

Commitments and contingencies

   21      1,481,709        1,086,773  

Shareholders’ remuneration and dividends

   24      11,053,474        8,886,499  

Remuneration and reimbursement

        923,344        444,225  

Research and development

        269,062        343,010  

Fees as per regulations

        1,174,963        820,311  

Estimated obligations

        693,444        527,120  

Deferred revenue from embedded derivative

        296,134        480,588  
         

Other current liabilities

        731,705        1,202,378  
         
            24,162,113        20,544,974  
         

Long-term liabilities:

            

Taxes payable

   17      1,616,694        1,312,444  

Loans and financing

   16      29,892,516        22,327,043  

Compulsory loan

   22      129,866        202,375  

Federal treasury credits

   18      2,854,201        726,989  

Fuel consumption account

        1,432,982        1,373,638  

Employee postemployment benefits

   20      4,132,733        2,304,711  

Anticipated energy sales

        1,018,488        1,056,761  

Global reversal reserve

   30      7,193,770        6,769,011  

Decommissioning of nuclear power plants

   19      266,168        191,327  

Deferred revenue from embedded derivative

   27a      40,050        296,134  

Advances for future capital increase

   23      4,287,353        3,811,625  

Other long-term liabilities

        746,626        753,878  
         
        53,611,447        41,125,935  
         

Commitments and contingencies

   21      2,050,245        2,347,287  
         

Minority interest

        349,518        388,553  
         

Shareholders’ equity:

   24          

Capital stock

        26,156,567        24,235,829  

Additional paid-in capital

        29,587,464        29,446,426  

Appropriated retained earnings

        19,719,486        17,499,537  

Accumulated losses

        (3,637,429)       (3,444,621) 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

        (1,627,328)       (496,132) 
         
        70,198,760        67,241,039  
         

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

        150,372,083        131,647,788  
         

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS

Years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(In thousands of Brazilian reais, except for the earnings per thousand of share)

 

       Note      2008    2007    2006
         

Net operating revenues:

           

Electricity sales

      31,615,696      26,778,542      23,025,800  

Other operating revenues

      791,914      519,772      741,347  

Taxes on revenues

      (984,608)     (878,222)     (851,440) 

Regulatory charges on revenues

      (1,191,673)     (1,260,043)     (931,463) 
       

Total net operating revenues

      30,231,329      25,160,049      21,984,244  
       

Operating costs and expenses:

           

Electricity purchased for resale

   25a    (5,956,745)     (3,904,204)     (2,540,296) 

Fuel for electric power production

   25d    (1,158,856)     (820,780)     (888,564) 

Use of basic transmission network

      (1,101,220)     (951,599)     (911,241) 

Emergency capacity charges

      -      -      -  

Depreciation and amortization

   15    (3,729,214)     (2,851,031)     (3,364,032) 

Payroll and related charges/third-party services/material and supplies

   25b    (6,047,795)     (5,409,535)     (4,750,611) 

Taxes - PASEP/COFINS

      (1,464,809)     (1,131,591)     (946,518) 

Deferred loss from ITAIPU

      (405,793)     (432,318)     1,790,799  

Operating provisions

   25c    (773,860)     (796,273)     (410,475) 

Donations and contributions

      (217,913)     (198,990)     (196,904) 

Remuneration and reimbursement

      (1,722,240)     (1,677,902)     (1,794,992) 

Impairment

      (770,231)     (899,508)     -  

Other operating costs and expenses

      (659,632)     (1,791,089)     (1,588,554) 
       

Total operating costs and expenses

      (24,008,308)     (20,864,820)     (15,601,388) 
       

Financial expenses, net

   26    5,115,466      (3,581,591)     (5,217,541) 

Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

      11,338,487      713,638      1,165,315  
       

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   14    665,533      740,153      361,667  

Income taxes and social contribuicion

           

Current

      (2,766,506)     (2,037,796)     (1,299,509) 

Deferred

      (657,233)     1,223,349     731,969  
       
      (3,423,739)     (814,447)     (567,540) 
       

Minority interests

      (12,833)     15,786      66,833  
       

Net income (loss) for the year

      8,567,447      655,130      1,026,275  
       
           
       

Basic and diluted earnings per thousand shares:

           

Common (R$)

   24f    9.18      0.40      0.81  

Preferred A (R$)

      1.85      1.72      1.72  

Preferred B

      1.39      1.29      1.29  
       

Weighted average number of shares outstanding:

           

Common

      905,023,527      905,023,527      905,023,527  

Preferred

      227,186,643      224,474,975      224,474,975  
       
          1,132,210,170      1,129,498,502      1,129,498,502  
       

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

 

    2008     2007     2006      
   

Capital stock

       

Preferred:

       

Balance, beginning of year

  6,737,222      6,737,222      6,737,222     

Capital increases

  -      -      -     

Transfer from unappropriated retained earnings

  -      -      -     

Transfer from appropriated retained earnings

  -      -      -     
   

Balance, end of year

  6,737,222      6,737,222      6,737,222     
   

Common:

       

Balance, beginning of year

  17,498,607      17,498,607      17,498,607     

Capital increases

  -      -      -     

Transfer from unappropriated retained earnings

  1,920,738      -      -     
   

Balance, end of year

  19,419,345      17,498,607      17,498,607     
   
  26,156,567      24,235,829      24,235,829     
   

Additional paid-in capital

       

Balance, beginning of year

  29,446,426      29,446,426      29,446,426     

Capital increases

  141,038      -      -     
   

Balance, end of year

  29,587,464      29,446,426      29,446,426     
   

Appropriated retained earnings

       

Profit reserves:

       

Balance, beginning of year

  17,499,537      16,632,738      15,913,652     

Transfer to preferred capital stock

  -      -      -     

Transfer from unappropriated retained earnings

  2,361,937      866,799      719,086     
   

Balance, end of year

  19,861,474      17,499,537      16,632,738     
   

Unappropriated retained accumulated losses

       

Balance, beginning of year

  (3,444,621   (3,452,476   (3,447,554  

Net income

  8,567,447      655,130      1,026,275     

Transfer to capital stock

  -      -      -     

Transfer to appropriated retained earnings

  (2,361,937   (866,799   (719,086  

Dividends and interest on capital

  (1,793,288   (538,104   (442,117  

Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in OCI

  (4,605,030   757,628      130,006     
   

Balance, end of year

  (3,637,429   (3,444,621   (3,452,476  
   

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

       

Balance, beginning of year

  (496,132   (1,046,818   (732,803  

Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the year

  (5,736,227   1,308,314      (184,010  

Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income

  4,605,030      (757,628   (130,005  
   

Balance, end of year

  (1,627,328   (496,132   (1,046,818  
   

Accumulated other comprehensive income – Pension benefits (net of taxes)

  (1,563,852   (435,570   (980,192  
   

Advances for future capital increase

       
   

Accumulated other comprehensive income – Marketable securities (net of taxes)

  (63,476   (60,562   (66,626  
   

Accumulated other comprehensive income

  (1,627,328   (496,132   (1,046,818  
   

Shareholders’ equity at end of year

      70,340,747      67,241,039      65,815,699     
   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW

Years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(In thousands of Brazilian reais)

 

    2008     2007     2006      
   

Net income for the year

  8,567,447      655,130      1,026,275     

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by Operating activities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  3,729,214      2,851,031      3,364,032     

Exchange variations on loans, net

  5,115,466      3,543,313      2,068,615     

Financial loss (income) on mark to market of derivative

  -      -      (119,306  

Deferred taxes

  (657,233   (1,223,349   (612,663  

Restricted deposits for legal proceedings

  (230,422   63,388      (154,672  

Deferred regulatory assets

  4,879,065      5,132,195      350,506     

Decrease (increase) in assets

       

Accounts receivable

  594,877      2,667,349      (52,845  

Material and suppliers

  (119,508 )   (77,844   (78,996  

Recoverable taxes

  255,337     (227,132   (298,473  

Derivatives of assets

  499,330      416,280      (350,900  

Other current assets

  (1,161,789 )   (221,055   (420,839  

Other noncurrent assets

  (3,906,292 )   (419,731   164,644     

Increase (decrease) in liabilities

       

Accounts payable

  2,355,705      657,930      934,732     

Taxes and contributions payable

  424,182      319,716      (685,048  

Commitments and contingencies

  97,894     (93,566   94,723     

Pension plan liabilities

  1,519,458      (1,583,494   311,284     

Derivatives liabilities

  (440,538   (231,578   350,900     

Other current liabilities

  2,644,622      2,305,475      1,422,420     

Other noncurrent liabilities

  890,769      903,035      1,449,150     
   

Net cash provided by operating activities

  15,269,453      15,437,093      8,763,539     
   

Cash flows from investing activities

       

Restricted investments

  95,679      (184,180   (578,588  

Investment acquisition

  (825,503   (670,632   (67,239  

Marketable securities

  (25,191   (39,456   (47,060  

Acquisition of fixed assets

  (5,154,081   (3,234,743   (3,073,686  
   

Net cash used in investing activities

  (5,909,096   (4,129,011   (3,766,573  
   

Cash flows from financing activities

       

Payments of financing obligations

  (2,369,498 )   (7,888,593   (2,568,702  

Dividends and interest on its own capital paid

  (741,651 )   (458,899   (409,099  

Payments of Global Reversal Reserve (RGR)

  (777,821 )   (517,575   (649,830  

Compulsory loan paid

  (84,013   (14,397   (56,238  
   

Net cash (used) in financing activities

  (3,972,983   (8,879,464   (3,683,869  
   

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

  5,387,374      2,428,619      1,313,097     

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

  7,645,704      5,217,085      3,903,988     
   

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

      13,033,078      7,645,704      5,217,085     
   

Cash paid for

       

Interest

  729,702      1,865,067      1,031,923     

Taxes

  742,210      1,282,137      1,299,218     

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations

ELETROBRÁS is a publicly-traded company headquartered at Setor Comercial Norte, Quadra 4, Bloco B – 100, sala 203 – Asa Norte, Brasília (DF), with shares traded on the São Paulo, Brazil and Madrid, Spain, stock markets. The objective of ELETROBRÁS is to conduct studies, projects, construction and operation of electric power plants, transmission and distribution lines, as well as the underlying commercializing operations arising therefrom. Also, ELETROBRÁS’ activities consist of assisting the Ministry of Mining and Energy in designing the country’s policy for the electric energy sector; granting loans and financing, providing guarantees, locally or abroad, as well as acquiring debentures of companies and holders of public electric power services under ELETROBRÁS control; granting loans and guarantees, locally or abroad, for technical and scientific research institutions under ELETROBRÁS control; promoting and supporting research in the power sector in connection with the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power as well as studies involving the exploitation of watershed for various purposes; contributing to the education of technical staff and qualified workers required by the Brazilian electric power sector through specialized training programs or assistance to national educational institutions or by providing scholarships or signing agreements with foreign institutions that promote the development of specialized technical personnel; and technically and administratively cooperating with companies in which it holds interests and with the agency of the Ministry of Mining and Energy.

The Company is responsible for managing sectoral resources represented by RGR (Global Reversal Reserve), CDE (Energy Development Account), UBP (Use of Public Assets), CCC (Fuel Consumption Account), which finance the Government programs LUZ PARA TODOS (Universalization of the Access to Electric Power), RELUZ (National Program for Efficient Public Lighting) and PROCEL (National Electric Power Preservation Program) and the fossil fuels used in the isolated power generating systems.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations (Continued)

 

ELETROBRÁS also manages PROINFA (Incentive Program for Alternative Sources of Electric Power), a program of the Federal Government that aims to enhance the diversification of the Brazilian energy model and search for regional solutions based on renewable electric power sources produced by independent agents, available input and applicable technology. ELETROBRÁS is entitled to buy and resell the energy thus produced until 2026.

ELETROBRÁS is the majority stockholder of Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A. – FURNAS, Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A. – ELETRONORTE, Companhia Hidro-Elétrica do São Francisco – CHESF, ELETROSUL Centrais Elétricas S.A., Eletrobrás Termonuclear S.A. – ELETRONUCLEAR, Companhia de Geração Térmica de Energia Elétrica – CGTEE, Amazonas Energia S.A. (previously called Manaus Energia S.A.), ELETROACRE, CEAL, CEPISA and CERON. The basic function of these companies is the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power.

ELETROBRÁS is also the controlling stockholder of Eletrobrás Participações S.A. – ELETROPAR (previously denominated Light Participações S.A – LIGHTPAR), and is participant in the shared management and the responsible agent for the comercializationof the electric power generated by ITAIPU BINACIONAL, under the International Agreement between the Governments of Brazil and Paraguay.

The Company indirectly holds control of the company Boa Vista Energia S.A., controlled company of ELETRONORTE, who operate in the distribution of electric power in the State of Roraima.

ELETROBRÁS system plants’ total installed capacity, considering ITAIPU Binacional and ELETRONUCLEAR corresponds to approximately 39,402 MW, and electric power generation is based on the following assumptions:

 

  a)

Existence of periods, both during the day and over a year time span, where energy demand is higher or lower vis-à-vis the plant or generation system capabilities;

 

  b)

Existence of periods when operation of machinery is halted for preventive or corrective maintenance; and

 

  c)

Water availability in the river where it is located.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations (Continued)

 

Electric power production at the plants is the responsibility of the Electric Power Operation Planning and Programming, which provides for annual-to-hourly-through-daily time spans and details, as determined by ONS - the National Electric System Operator. ONS determines the volumes and the sources of generation required to meet, the country’s demand in an optimized manner, premised on the water basins availability and the machinery in operation, also considering the power generation cost and feasibility of transmission through the interconnected system.

 

        River      Capacity in MW    End of concession
   

Operating

         

UHE FURNAS

    Grande    1,216            July 2015

UHE Estreito

    Grande    1,050            July 2015

UHE Marimbondo

    Grande    1,440            March 2017

UHE Itumbiara

    Paranaíba    2,082            February 2020

UHE Serra da Mesa

    Tocantins    1,275            May 2011

UHE Luiz Gonzaga

    São Francisco    1,479            October 2015

UHE Xingo

    São Francisco    3,162            October 2015

UHE Sobradinho

    São Francisco    1,050            February 2022

UHE Tucuruí

    Tocantins    8,370            July 2024

UHE Complexo Paulo Afonso

    São Francisco    3,880            October 2015

UTE Santa Cruz

    -    766            July 2015

Other generation concessions

    -    2,552            Until 2035

In construction

         

Simplício

    Paraíba do Sul    334            August 2041

Baguari

    Doce    140            August 2041

Batalha

    São Marcos    53            August 2041

The transmission capacity of ELETROBRÁS system is as follows:

 

        Lines (Km)        Substations        End of concession
   

Furnas

    16,999            47            July 2015

Eletronorte

    9,027            59            July 2015

CHESF

    18,010            83            June 2037

Eletrosul

    8,165            36            July 2015

Manaus

    365            22            July 2015
      
    52,566            247           
      

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations (Continued)

 

The Company’s consolidated subsidiaries include the following:

 

Subsidiaries

    Ownership percentage 
2008

Electricity generation, transmission and distribution

     

Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A. – ELETRONORTE

   98.68%   

Companhia Hidroelétrica do São Francisco – CHESF

   99.45%   

Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A. – FURNAS

   99.54%   

Manaus Energia

   100%    (c)  

Boavista Energia

   100%    (b)  

Electricity generation

     

Companhia de Geração Térmica de Energia Elétrica – CGTEE

   99.94%   

Eletrobrás Termonuclear S.A. – ELETRONUCLEAR

   99.81%   

Itaipu Binacional – ITAIPU

   50%    (d)  

Electricity transmission

     

ELETROSUL Centrais Elétricas S.A.

   99.71%   

Electricity distribution

     

Companhia Energética do Piauí – CEPISA

   98.56%    (a)  

Companhia Energética de Alagoas – CEAL

   75.16%    (a)  

Centrais Elétricas de Rondônia S.A. – CERON

   99.96%    (a)  

Companhia de Eletricidade do Acre – ELETROACRE

   93.29%    (a)  

Investment

     

Eletrobras Participações S.A. – ELETROPAR

   81.61%   

Note (a):

  

The participation of ELETROBRÁS in the voting stock of the electric power distribution companies is: CEPISA (99.98%), CEAL (74.84%), CERON (99.96%), ELETROACRE (95.34%).

Note (b):

  

Indirect interest through ELETRONORTE.

Note (c):

  

Indirect interest through ELETRONORTE until may 2008.

Note (d):

  

Joint venture owned equally by ELETROBRÁS and ANDE.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations (Continued)

 

   

Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A. (“ELETRONORTE”) – Its principal activities are the generation, transmission and commercialization of electric power, with operations in the geographical area covered by the Brazilian states of Acre, Amapá, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins. Beginning 2003, with the gradual elimination of its supply contracts – known as initial contracts – at the rate of 25% per annum, ELETRONORTE started to serve also other geographical areas in Brazil.

ELETRONORTE has a wholly-owned subsidiary Boa Vista Energia S.A. – that operates in the electric power distribution business in the Brazilian state of Roraima.

 

   

Companhia Hidroelétrica do São Francisco (“CHESF”) – Its principal activities are the generation and transmission of electric power. The company’s largest market is located in northeastern Brazil, especially in the states of Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará and Piauí. Beginning in 2003, with the gradual elimination of its supply contracts – initial contracts – at the rate of 25% per annum, CHESF started to serve also other geographical areas in Brazil.

 

   

Furnas Centrais Elétricas S.A. (“FURNAS”) – Its principal activities are the generation, transmission and commercialzation of electric power, with operations in the geographic area covered by the Brazilian Federal District and the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Tocantins.

 

   

Companhia de Geração Térmica de Energia Elétrica (“CGTEE”) – The exclusive core objective of CGTEE is the generation of electric power through means other than hydroelectric power, with operations in the southern region of Brazil.

 

   

Manaus Energia S.A (MESA) – It is wholly-owned subsidiary of ELETROBRAS, and operates in the generation and distribution of electric power in the State of Amazonas. It was indirectly interest through ELETRONORTE until May 2008.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations (Continued)

 

   

Eletrobrás Termonuclear S.A. (“ELETRONUCLEAR”) – Its main activities are the construction and operation of nuclear power plants, the generation of electric power produced thereby and the rendering of related engineering services. ELETRONUCLEAR has developed activities in connection with the operation of Angra I and Angra II power plants, as well as with the construction of Angra III. The energy generated by ELETRONUCLEAR is sold through FURNAS.

 

   

Itaipu Binacional (“ITAIPU”) – ITAIPU is a joint venture owned equally by ELETROBRÁS and ANDE – Administración Nacional de Eletricidad (a company owned by the government of Paraguay). It was created by an International Treaty signed by Brazil and Paraguay, which establishes the overall terms and conditions that apply to ITAIPU. ELETROBRÁS is responsible for trading its share (50%) of the electric power generated by ITAIPU, acquiring and reselling such electric power.

ITAIPU is entitled to full tax exemption in both countries, by operation of the Treaty entered into by the countries.

ITAIPU’s shareholders’ equity (“equity investment at risk”) is not sufficient to allow it to fund its activities. Consequently, it needs financial support from ELETROBRÁS and the Brazilian Federal Government (ELETROBRÁS’ majority shareholder). Of ITAIPU’s debt, 42% is financed by ELETROBRÁS (which obtains those funds from the Brazilian Treasury and/or from international banks, with a guarantee from the Brazilian Treasury), 56% by the Brazilian Treasury and 1% by other creditors. The guarantors of the ELETROBRÁS debt are the Brazilian Treasury and the Brazilian Government.

In addition, even though ELETROBRÁS is responsible for commercializing its share (50%) of the electric power generated by ITAIPU, historically the Company has been responsible for the consumption of about 96% of all the electric power generated by Itaipu.

For the reasons discussed above, ITAIPU has been included in the consolidated financial statements of ELETROBRÁS, in accordance with the guidance provided by FIN 46-R.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

1.

The Company and its Operations (Continued)

 

   

ELETROSUL Centrais Elétricas S.A. (“ELETROSUL”) – Its main activity is the transmission of electric power over a transmission system extending over 8,165 Km of lines, with 36 substations located in the Brazilian states of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná.

 

   

Companhia Energética do Piauí (“CEPISA”) – CEPISA hold a concession to provide electric power distribution in the Brazilian state of Piauí, and is part of the Brazilian National Privatization Plan.

 

   

Companhia Energética de Alagoas (“CEAL”) – CEAL hold a concession to provide electric power distribution in the Brazilian state of Alagoas, and it is part of the Brazilian National Privatization Plan.

 

   

Centrais Elétricas de Rondônia S.A. (“CERON”) – CERON hold a concession to provide electric power distribution in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, and it is part of the Brazilian National Privatization Plan.

 

   

Companhia de Eletricidade do Acre (“ELETROACRE”) – ELETROACRE hold a concession to provide electric power distribution in the Brazilian state of Acre, and it is part of the Brazilian National Privatization Plan.

 

   

Eletrobras Participações S.A. (“ELETROPAR”) – ELETROPAR holds minority interests in the following concessionaires of electric power distribution: AES Eletropaulo Metropolitana de Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. – AES ELETROPAULO, Energias do Brasil S.A. – ENERGIAS DO BRASIL, Companhia de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica Paulista S.A. – CTEEP, Empresa Metropolitana de Águas e Energia S.A. – EMAE and CPFL Energia S.A. – CPFL Energia.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

2.

Corporate Governance

In September 2006, the Company adopted the differentiated practices set by the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) to reach Level I of Corporate Governance. As a result, the Company, which is part of the IBOVESPA stock index, was included in the Special Corporate Governance Stock Index – IGC.

Companies that undertake to abide by corporate governance practices ensure more transparency of their relations with capital markets, investors and stockholders, making it easier to follow up on management’s and controlling stockholder’s decisions. Accordingly, Level I companies have been improving their management systems to adopt best practices of corporate governance, seeking to establish transparent and respectful relationships with their shareholders and investors and create synergy between their economic, financial, social and environmental activities.

The Company is also included in the Corporate Sustainability Index—ISE.

In September 2008, ELETROBRÁS obtained a registration with the US Securities and Exchange Commission—SEC. The listing of Company’s shares on the Stock Exchange of New York (NYSE) occurred on October 31, 2008.

Currently, ELETROBRÁS has two American Depositary Receipts programs related to common shares and class “B” preferred shares.

The registration of the Company with SEC and the consequent listing of ADR programs on the NYSE make part of the strategic planning of the Company. It has been working with the purpose of improving its visibility with shareholders, analysts and investors, both in the equity and debt areas and aims to improve liquidity and prices of shares, as well as obtain favorable conditions when raising funds in the future for the Company’s investment programs.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

3.

Relationship with Independent Auditors

In conformity with the provisions set forth in CVM Instruction No. 381 of January 14, 2003, ELETROBRÁS has hired independent auditing services from the BDO Trevisan Auditores Independentes audit firm, under a service agreement effective for a three-year period from August 1, 2005, to perform audits of the financial statements (parent company and consolidated) of the ELETROBRÁS System. The service agreement was postponed until December 31, 2008. It should be highlighted that the Company has not executed any service agreement other than that relating to the audit of such financial statements.

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices

In preparing these consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The Company’s financial statements include various estimates for (i) the recoverability of deferred regulatory assets, (ii) valuation allowances for accounts receivable and deferred tax assets, (iii) the useful lives of property, plant and equipment, (iv) provisions necessary for contingent losses, (v) estimates of employee post-retirement benefit obligations, (vi) the fair value of derivatives, and other similar estimates.

 

  a)

Basis of preparation of the financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which differ in certain respects from accounting practices adopted in Brazil as applied by ELETROBRÁS in its statutory financial statements, which are prepared and filed in accordance with the specific rules of the Brazilian Securities Commission (“CVM”).

In addition, ELETROBRÁS maintains its accounts as prescribed by the National Electric Energy Agency—ANEEL, responsible for defining the specific accounting practices and procedures for the electric energy sector. These procedures are adopted by electricity public utility concessionaires in recording their operations, to allow the regulatory agency to carry out its regulatory and inspection prerogatives established by legislation applicable to electricity public utility services.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that reflect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the notes thereto.

 

  b)

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all majority-owned subsidiaries in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly has either a majority of the equity of the subsidiary or otherwise has management control, or (ii) the Company has determined itself to be the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity in accordance with FIN 46-R. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. The companies included in the consolidated financial statements are set forth in Note 1.

 

  c)

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies or subject to indexation

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies relate principally to financing and are translated into Brazilian reais at the official exchange rates reported by the Brazilian Central Bank at each balance sheet date. Those denominated in reais and contractually or legally subject to indexation are restated to the balance sheet date applying the corresponding index. The resulting gains and losses are recognized currently and included in the income statement corresponding to that period.

 

  d)

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

 

  e)

Restricted cash

Restricted cash consists mainly of investments that are legally restricted to capital expenditures and subsidies to thermoelectric operations.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  f)

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable is stated at realizable values and includes (i) amounts billed to customers, including when, applicable, late fees, and (ii) accrued revenues relating to unbilled energy supplied to customers as of the balance sheet date, as well as those negotiated within the Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica – CCEE (Electric Power Chamber of Commerce).

The allowance for doubtful accounts is established by management in an amount considered sufficient to net probable future loss related to uncollectable accounts, and according to a comprehensive analysis that takes into consideration the following factors:

 

  i.

Residential consumers overdue for more than 90 days;

 

  ii.

Commercial consumers overdue for more than 180 days;

 

  iii.

Industrial, rural, government agencies, public lighting and public utility consumers overdue for more than 360 days;

 

  iv.

Individual analysis for each consumer, considering:

 

  -

management’s experience of actual losses on consumers;

 

  -

existence of collateral guarantees;

 

  -

analysis of renegotiated debts (current and overdue amounts) and;

 

  -

analysis of insolvent or bankrupt customers.

 

  g)

Marketable securities

Marketable securities have been classified by the Company as held to maturity, based upon intended strategies with respect to such securities.

The marketable securities classified as held to maturity are long term in nature as the investments are not expected to be sold or otherwise liquidated until the maturity date. These securities are recorded at amortized cost.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  h)

Deferred regulatory assets

Deferred regulatory assets in accordance with the criteria set forth in SFAS No. 71, Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation, and interpreted by EITF Issue No. 92-7 comprise the following:

Increase in the PIS/PASEP and COFINS rates

Refers to effects of changes in the rates of the PIS/PASEP and COFINS contributions, from 0.65% to 1.65% and 3% to 7.6%, respectively, which will be billed to Company’s customers.

General agreement of the electricity sector

The Company capitalizes allowable costs incurred, including costs arising out of Federal Government mandated power rationing measures, as deferred regulatory assets when instructed by ANEEL and there is a probable expectation that future revenue equal to the costs incurred will be billed and collected as a direct result of the inclusion of the costs in an increased rate set by the regulator. The deferred regulatory asset is eliminated when the Company collects the related costs through billings to customers at the increased rate. In case ANEEL excludes all or part of a cost from recovery as a result of its review, that portion of the deferred regulatory asset is impaired and is accordingly reduced to the extent of the excluded cost. The Company has recorded net deferred regulatory assets expected to be billed to its customers, limited to the amount realizable within 24 months from the balance sheet date.

In accordance with the provisions of ANEEL Decision 72 of February 7, 2002, the amounts referring to the Extraordinary Tariff Adjustment (RTE) are presented in the account “Consumers and resellers,” as defined in Decision 91 of the Electricity Crisis Management Chamber—GCE, of December 21, 2001 and Law 10,438, of April 26, 2002.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  h)

Deferred regulatory assets (Continued)

 

ITAIPU recoverable costs

For local financial statements purposes, ITAIPU records the accumulated results as a regulatory asset or liability, since that amount will be recovered through future tariffs. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the net amount is also considered recoverable costs to be deferred under SFAS 71, and is recorded as a separate line item in the consolidated balance sheet.

 

  i)

Recoverable Taxes

Taxes on revenues consists of Impostos Sobre Circularização de Mercadorias e Serviços – ICMS (or VAT), a sales tax changed on gross revenues. We are subject to different VAT rates in the different states we operate, with the rate of VAT ranging form 7% to 27%. We are not liable for any taxes or revenues in our transmissions segment, as provided by applicable regulation.

The domestic value-added tax (ICMS) are not cumulative and amounts paid related to these taxes in the acquisition of products and/or services can be offset when these products and services are sold, which means a tax credit is generated when the purchase is made and such credit is then offset upon sale to final customer.

The values relating to the VAT (ICMS) are presented in the Current Assets and Current liabilities because its refer the balances related to different companies and different states and according the local law it can not be presented by net amounts. The counterpart of these accounts is filed as Taxes on Revenues in the Income Statements.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

  j)

Materials and supplies

Except as noted in the following paragraph, materials and supplies are stated at average acquisition cost and do not exceed replacement cost or realizable values.

Uranium concentrate, related services in progress, and other elements of nuclear fuel available in the reactor nucleus and in the used fuel pool are recorded based on their acquisition costs. These amounts are charged to expenses when they are used in the energy generation process. The cost does not exceed replacement cost or realizable values.

The monthly amortization of operational expenses is done proportionally, taking into account the energy actually generated monthly in comparison to the total energy calculated for each fuel element.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

 

  k)

Investments in affiliates

In accordance with APB No. 18, the Company uses the equity method of accounting for all long-term investments for which it owns between 20% and 50% of the investee’s outstanding voting stock. The equity method requires periodic adjustments to the investment account to recognize the Company’s proportionate share in the investee’s results, reduced by receipt of investee dividends and interest from shareholders’ equity.

 

  l)

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at acquisition and/or construction cost, restated to reflect price-level changes through December 31, 1997, less accumulated depreciation calculated based on the straight-line method at rates that take into consideration the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repair and maintenance costs which extend the useful lives of the related assets are capitalized, while other routine costs are charged to results of operations. Interest relating to debt obtained from third parties incurred during the construction period is capitalized.

The Company’s management reviews property, plant and equipment for possible impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable on the basis of undiscounted future cash flows. The reviews are carried out at the lowest level of asset groups to which management is able to attribute identifiable future cash flows. The Company analyzes the net book value of the underlying assets and adjusts it to its fair value if the sum of the future cash flows is less than the net book value.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  l)

Property, plant and equipment (Continued)

 

The subsidiary ELETRONUCLEAR is contractually obligated to dismantle its nuclear power plants at the end of their useful lives. The Company adopted SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, in 2003. Under SFAS 143, the fair value of asset retirement obligations is recorded as liabilities on a discounted basis when incurred, which is typically at the time the related assets are installed. Amounts recorded for the related assets will be increased by the amount of these obligations and depreciated over the related useful lives of such assets, on average 40 years. Over time, the amounts recognized as liabilities will be accreted for the change in their present value until the related assets are retired or sold. Whenever changes in the amount of estimated decommissioning cost are identified, the accrual is adjusted.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  m)

Income taxes and social contribution

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, which requires an asset and liability approach for recording current and deferred taxes. The tax effects over tax losses and differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements have been calculated based on prevailing rates for the purpose of recording deferred income tax. Tax loss carry forwards can be used to offset only 30% of taxable income in any given year.

Deferred tax assets recoverability is annually reviewed and a valuation allowance is established using a “more likely than not” criterion, based on historical and projected future taxable income, and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences.

 

  n)

Compulsory loan

The Compulsory Loan was established by Law No. 4,156/62 to fund the expansion of the national electric power system and suspended by Law No. 7,181, of December 20, 1983, which established the final collection term through December 31, 1993. The loan was initially collected from all consumers through their respective electric power bills. In later years, the loan was collected only from certain industrial consumers.

The balance of the related liabilities comprises the funds collected, net of repayments, and increased by indexation (6% p.a., plus indexation based on the IPCA-E variation). These liabilities mature from 2009 to 2015.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  o)

Employees’ benefit plans

The Company and certain subsidiaries sponsor defined-benefit or hybrid pension plans covering substantially all of their employees. Pension plan assets and obligations and their net impacts on the balance sheets are accounted in accordance with SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”. In addition, the Company and some of its subsidiaries have also established post-retirement health care plans and subsidize whole-life insurance premiums for their retirees. Both benefits are accounted in accordance with SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Post-retirement Benefits Other Than Pensions”.

Disclosures related to the benefit plans are made in accordance with SFAS No. 132-R, Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Post-retirement Benefits.

Under Brazilian law, employees are entitled to one month of vacation upon completion of each year of service. This provision is calculated based on each employee`s compensation and entitlement period up the balance sheet date, plus related payroll taxes.

 

  p)

Contingencies

The Company records provisions for contingencies when the loss is considered to be probable, based on the opinion of internal and external legal counsel, and is reasonably estimable.

 

  q)

Revenues, costs and expenses

Revenues, costs and expenses are recognized on an accrual basis when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of goods has occurred or services have been rendered, rates have been fixed or are determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured regardless of when cash is received.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  q)

Revenues, costs and expenses (Continued)

 

Revenues from the sale of electricity generation are recorded based upon the output delivered provided at rates as specified under contract terms or prevailing regulatory rates. Electricity distribution sales to final customers are recognized when power is provided. Billings for these sales are made on a monthly basis. Unbilled revenues from the billing cycle up to the end of each month are estimated based on the prior month’s billing and are accrued at the end of the month. Differences between estimated and actual unbilled revenues, which have not been significant, are recognized in the following month.

Electricity sales to the interconnected power system are recorded when earned and billed monthly. Revenues received by the Company from other concessionaires using its basic transmission network are recognized in the month that the network services are provided to the other concessionaires. Services rendered include connection fees and other related services and the revenues are recognized when the services are provided.

Taxes on revenue consist of the following: (i) value-added tax (“VAT”), which is a state tax due on sales to final consumers, is billed to the consumers and recorded as part of gross revenues; (ii) COFINS revenue tax; (iii) PIS-PASEP social contribution tax on revenues; and (iv) an emergency capacity charge. The Company deducts these taxes from gross revenues.

 

  r)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) is represented by unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities classified as available for sale and adjustments to minimum pension plan liabilities.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  s)

Earnings per shares

By the fact that the preferred and common shareholders have different dividend, voting and liquidation rights, basic and diluted earnings per share have been calculated using the “two-class” method. The “two-class” method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for preferred and common stock according to the dividends declared as required by the Company’s by-laws and participation rights in undistributed earnings calculated in accordance with the rights to dividends of each class of shares as discussed on Note 24 f.

Similar to other Brazilian companies, ELETROBRÁS discloses earnings per one hundred shares, as this is the minimum number that can be traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo - “BOVESPA”).

 

  t)

Segment information

The Company operates in the electric energy generation, transmission and distribution segments, as well as a corporate segment. The respective breakdown of information is included in Note 28.

 

  u)

Accounting for financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments are recorded based on their fair values as assets or liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets, and corresponding changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated income statements for the period. Hedge accounting has been applied to any of the Company’s derivative financial instruments. See note 27 a and b, Financial Instruments and Derivatives.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  v)

Recent accounting pronouncements

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (SFAS 161”). SFAS 161 changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring entities to provide enhanced disclosures about (i) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (ii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and its related interpretations, and (iii) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2009 and will only impact future disclosures about the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (SFAS 162”). SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements presented in conformity with GAAP. SFAS 162 became effective for the Company on November 15, 2008. The adoption of SFAS 162 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2008, the FASB released FSP FAS 132R-1, which is effective for years ending after December 15, 2009 and changes the disclosure requirements for plan assets in a defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plan. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how investment allocation decisions are made, including the factors that are pertinent to understanding investment policies and strategies, (b) the major categories of plan assets, (c) the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, (d) the level of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs and, (e) significant concentrations of risk within plan assets. The company is currently reviewing the requirements of FSP FAS 132R-1 and will implement the required disclosures at December 31, 2009.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  v)

Recent accounting pronouncements

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measures required under other accounting pronouncements, but does not change existing guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair value. During February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-2 (FSP FAS 157-2”). FSP FAS 157-2 delayed the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis but no less often than annually. On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS 157 that were delayed by FSP FAS 157-2 is not expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

The SFAS 157 valuation framework is based upon inputs that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, which are classified into two categories: observable inputs and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs represent market data obtained from independent sources, whereas unobservable inputs reflect a company’s own market assumptions, which are used if observable inputs are not reasonably available without undue cost and effort. These two types of inputs are further prioritized into the following fair value input hierarchy:

 

   

Level 1 - quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

   

Level 2 - quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g. interest rates); and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

   

Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Company recorded its embedded derivatives as level 2, according to the classification above. As of December 31, 2008, the Company recorded a derivative asset based on the fair value calculation in the amount of R$ 92,690. The derivative gain is deferred on the balance sheet. See below the amount recorded by contract:

 

Client

   2008    2007    2006

Albrás

   39,250    308,540    533,800

Alcoa

   30,630    162,480    267,700

BHP

   22,810    121,000    206,800
              

Total

   92,690    592,020    1,008,300
              

See explanatory note 27a., for more details.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  v)

Recent accounting pronouncements

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160. The objective of SFAS 160 is to improve the relevance, comparability and transparency in ownership interests. SFAS 160 will change the way companies measure and present an acquisition of a noncontrolling (minority) and changes in a controlling interest. The Company will adopt SFAS 160 beginning January 1, 2009, which will result in minority interests being reflected in stockholders’ equity rather than as liabilities.

In comparison to current practice under U.S. GAAP, the most significant changes to business combination accounting pursuant to Statement 141(R) include requirements to:

 

   

Recognize, with certain exceptions, 100% of the fair values of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and non-controlling interests in acquisitions of less than a 100% controlling interest when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity.

   

Measure acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination at fair value on the acquisition date.

   

Recognize contingent consideration arrangements at their acquisition-date fair values, with subsequent changes in fair value generally reflected in earnings. With certain exceptions, recognize pre-acquisition loss and gain contingencies at their acquisition-date fair values.

   

Capitalize in-process research and development “IPR&D” assets acquired.

   

Expense, as incurred, acquisition-related transaction costs.

   

Capitalize acquisition-related restructuring costs only if the criteria in Statement 146 are met as of the acquisition date.

   

Recognize changes that result from a business combination transaction in an acquirer’s existing income tax valuation allowances and tax uncertainty accruals as adjustments to income tax expense.

Further, the premise of Statement 160 is based on the economic entity concept of consolidated financial statements. Under the economic entity concept, all residual economic interest holders in an entity have an equity interest in the consolidated entity, even if the residual interest is relative to only a portion of the entity (i.e., a residual interest in a subsidiary).

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

4.

Summary of Main Accounting Practices (Continued)

 

  v)

Recent accounting pronouncements

Under Statement 160, gains or losses should not be recognized on sales of non-controlling interests in subsidiaries. Differences between sale proceeds and the consolidated basis of outstanding non-controlling interests should be accounted for as charges or credits to consolidated paid-in-capital. However, in a sale of a subsidiary’s shares that results in the deconsolidation of the subsidiary, a gain or loss would be recognized for the difference between the proceeds of that sale and the carrying amount of the interest sold. Also, a new fair value basis in any remaining non-controlling ownership interest in a deconsolidated entity is established, with gain or loss recognition for the difference between that new basis and the historical cost basis in the remaining ownership interest.

Statement 141(R) and Statement 160 are required to be adopted simultaneously and are effective for the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited.

Management does not expect significant impact upon adoption of SFAS 141 (R) and SFAS 160.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

5.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are as follows:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
    

Cash and bank accounts

            175,089       301,406    

Funds – electric power system (a)

         1,689,716       989,105    

Short-term investments – money market fund

       11,168,273    6,355,193    
    
       13,033,078    7,645,704    
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

5.

Cash and Cash Equivalents (Continued)

 

The short-term investments are represented by money market funds held with Banco do Brasil S.A. (a bank controlled by the Brazilian government), in accordance with Decree-Law No. 1,290, of December 3, 1973 and amendments arising from Resolution No. 2,917, of December 19, 2001 from the Brazilian Central Bank, which set new investment mechanisms applicable to companies under Indirect Federal Administration.

Liquid cash short-term investments are represented by off-market investment funds, whose targeted yields are based on the average SELIC benchmark interest rate.

 

  a)

Funds – electric power system

The Company is responsible for managing the resources originating from the Use of public assets, made up of contributions from the Independent Electric Power Producers, also intended for the expansion and improvement of the electric power system.

The Company also manages the federal fund denominated “Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético – CDE” (Electric Power Development Account), the purpose of which is to develop electric power industry in the Brazilian states through the use of alternative power sources in the areas served by interconnected systems, as well as at financing universal electric power utility services for a 25-year period which ends in 2026. The fund receives contributions from the payments for the use of public assets and the fines applied by ANEEL to concession and permission holders and to other entities authorized to explore the electric power service.

 

6.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is composed of:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
    

Fuel consumption account (a)

       156,354    212,191    

PROINFA (b)

       426,897    615,552    

Commercialization of ITAIPU’s energy

       151,135               -    

Others

                    -        2,322    
    

Total

       734,386    830,065    
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

6.

Restricted Cash (Continued)

 

  a)

Fuel consumption account

According to ANEEL Resolution No. 20, of February 3, 1999 the electric power distribution concessionaires are required to pay amounts defined by ANEEL to support the cost of fuel used in the generation of thermoelectric power in the Brazilian energy system. ELETROBRÁS is responsible for managing these resources, which application is also defined by ANEEL. As a consequence, the Company records as assets, in contra entry of liabilities, all the funds available (committed bank account) and outstanding expenses not yet settled by the concession holders.

 

  b)

PROINFA

ELETROBRÁS is responsible for the management of PROINFA, a Brazilian Federal Government program aimed at diversifying the Brazilian energy matrix while seeking regional solutions through the use of renewable electric power sources, by economically using available resources and applicable technologies. ELETROBRÁS is ensured the right to purchase the energy to be produced through 2026. These amounts refers principally to antecipation of operational cash flow.

 

7.

Accounts Receivable, Net

 

     December 31,
         2008     2007    
    

Customers and energy distributors

   5,954,823      5,770,312     

Accounts receivable renegotiated

   2,876,945      2,669,009     
    
   8,831,768      8,439,321     

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   (1,546,967   (1,749,397)    
    

Total

   7,284,801      6,689,924     

(-) Current

       (4,991,458   (4,488,721)    
    

Non-current

     2,293,343      2,201,203     
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

7.

Accounts Receivable, Net (Continued)

 

No single customer has accounted for more than 10% of total revenues in any year.

The receivables relating to consumers and resellers are presented by their probable realizable value.

Accounts receivable renegotiated

Refers to overdue amounts, which are renegotiated with customers, establishing the application of interest and indexation, as well as the number of installments for payment. The accounting balances are recorded at historical amounts.

Transactions with CCEE (Electric Power Chamber of Commerce)

The amounts referring to transactions within the CCEE are recorded based on information provided by the Chamber.

The transactions carried out in 2008 generated a net credit of R$ 2,585 to Eletrobrás and its subsidiaries.

The subsidiary FURNAS has recorded R$ 293,560 as accounts receivable, related to the commercialization of electric power, from the CCEE (successor of Wholesale Energy Market—MAE), referring to the period from September 2000 to September 2002, settlement of which is suspended as a result of temporary restraining orders brought against ANEEL and CCEE by concessionaries and resellers. Considering the uncertain asset realization, Management has recorded an allowance for doubtful account of R$ 293,560.

According to the determinations of the CCEE Market Agreement, in order to settle these pending items it would be necessary to make new records, which would be the object of a settlement between the parties without the intervention of the CCEE. In this context, management intends to come to terms with ANEEL and CCEE, with a view to balancing these credits for the purpose of permitting a negotiated solution to their settlement.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

7.

Accounts Receivable, Net (Continued)

 

Sale of the electricity generated by ITAIPU Binacional

Since April 26, 2002, under Law 10.438, ELETROBRÁS is responsible for the sale in Brazil of the electricity produced by ITAIPU BINACIONAL.

At 2008, the equivalent to 86,568 GWh was distributed with the tariff for electricity supplied (purchase) by ITAIPU at US$ 21.99/kW and the tariff for energy transfer (sale) at US$ 23.03/kW.

The results of the ITAIPU Binacional’s electricity sales, under the terms of Decree 4.550, of December 27, 2002, ammended by the Decree 6,265, of November 22, 2007, will be appropriated as follows (See item II, of note 13):

 

  a)

If positive, to the Residential and Rural consumers of the National Interconnected Power System using up to 350 kWh, through apportionment ratably to the individual consumption and credit of bonuses in the electricity bills.

 

  b)

If negative, it is included by ANEEL in the calculation of the contracted power tariff in the year subsequent to the result formation.

At 2008, the positive activity of R$ 389,862, and respective obligations is recorded at “Refund Obligations.”

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

8.

Marketable Securities

 

         December 31,    
         2008            2007    
    

Notes issued by the Brazilian Government:

     

CFT-E1 (a)

   208,761        194,405    

NTN-P (b)

   139,696        129,737    

Beneficiary parties (c)

   652,575        652,575    

Other

   876        -    
    

Total (non-current)

       1,001,908        976,717    
    

 

  a)

CFT-E1 (National Treasury Certificate) – These government securities are subject to the IGP-M (General Market Index Price) variation, do not bear interest, and mature in August, 2012. The parent company has a provision for adjustment to market value at December 31, 2008 in the amount of R$ 105,464 (December 31, 2007 – R$ 91,761 ), computed based on discounts observable in the capital markets and presented as a deduction of the respective asset item. These securities are classified as held to maturity.

 

  b)

NTN-P (National Treasury Notes) – Government securities received as consideration for sale of corporate investments with the National Destatization Program – PND. These government securities are indexed to the Referential Rate (TR) variation disclosed by the Central Bank of Brazil, bearing interest of 6% p.a. on indexed amounts and maturing starting February, 2012. These securities are classified as held to maturity.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

8.

Marketable Securities (Continued)

 

  c)

Beneficiary Parties – Refers to securities obtained as a consequence of the corporate reorganization agreements relating to ELETROBRÁS’ shareholding interest in INVESTCO, issued by the companies mentioned below, with earnings equivalent to 10% of the profit determined annually by each company, and will be paid together with their dividends. Securities may be converted into preferred shares, with no voting rights, in October 2032. These securities are classified as held to maturity.

 

         December 31,       December 31,    
    
          2008     2007
    

Rede Lajeado

       266,798       266,798    

EDP Lajeado

       184,577       184,577    

CEB Lajeado

       151,225       151,225    

Paulista Lajeado

         49,975         49,975    
    

Present value

       652,575       652,575    
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

9.

Nuclear Fuel Inventories

Nuclear fuel used in Angra I and Angra II plants comprise elements produced with metal alloys and uranium.

In this initial stage, the uranium concentrate and the services required for its production are classified as non-current assets, and recorded under Nuclear Fuel Inventories. After the production process is finished, the portion to be consumed during the following 12 months is classified as current assets.

The monthly amortization in operational expenses is done proportionally, taking into account the energy actually generated monthly, in comparison to the total energy calculated for each fuel element.

Periodically, inventories and assessments of the nuclear fuel elements, which have been through the process of generation of electric energy and are stored at the spent fuel pool, are performed.

Nuclear fuel inventories comprise:

 

     R$
         December 31,    
         2008            2007    
    

Current assets

     

Stored material

   36,161        42,990    

Nuclear fuel inventories

   286,903        243,325    
    
   323,064        286,315    
    

Non-current assets

     

Nuclear fuel inventories

     

Uranium concentrate

   104,442        71,301    

Ready elements

   146,736        194,633    

Stored material

   259,213        242,615    

Services – nuclear fuel

   214,751        148,639    
    
   725,142        657,188    
    
       1,048,206        943,503    
    

The amount of R$ 323,064 (December 31, 2007 – R$ 286,315) is also recorded as Current Consolidated under materials and supplies, referring to nuclear fuel inventories.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

10.

Income Taxes

Income taxes in Brazil comprise federal income tax and social contribution, which is an additional federal tax. The statutory composite enacted tax rate applicable in the periods presented is 34%, represented by a 25% federal income tax rate plus a 9% social contribution rate.

The Company’s taxable income is substantially generated in Brazil and is therefore subject to the Brazilian statutory rate.

In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). This Interpretation provides guidance on recognition, classification and disclosure concerning uncertain tax liabilities. The evaluation of a tax position requires recognition of a tax benefit if it is more likely than not it will be sustained upon examination. The Company adopted this Interpretation effective January 1, 2007. The adoption did not have a material impact on Eletrobras’ consolidated financial statements.

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns in Brazil. The state of statute is generally five years. Therefore, tax inspections through 2002 are completed. The Company classifies interest on income tax related balances as interest expense or interest income and classifies tax related penalties as operating expenses. At January 1, 2007, the Company had no material accrued interest and penalties payable.

 

  a)

Income tax reconciliation

The amounts reported as income tax expense in the financial statements are reconciled to the statutory rates as follows:

 

     Year ended December, 31
     2008     2007     2006
    

Income before income taxes and minority interests

   12,004,020      1,453,791      1,526,982    

Tax expense at statutory rates – 34%

   (4,081,367   (494,289   (519,174)   

Adjustments to derive effective tax rate:

      

Equity pick up

   107,697      251,652      122,967    

Tax benefit on interest on own capital

   (583,187   (239,185   (156,246)   

Provisions for loss on investment

   -      -      9,447    

Other permanent differences

   1,133,118      (332,625   (24,534)   
    

Tax expense in the statements of operations

   (3,423,739   (814,447   (567,540)   
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

10.

Income Taxes (Continued)

 

  a)

Income tax reconciliation (Continued)

 

Brazilian companies are permitted to pay interest on their own capital in lieu of dividends. The calculation is based on the shareholders’ equity amounts prepared in accordance with accounting principles adopted in Brazil. The interest rate applied may not exceed the long-term interest rate determined by the Brazilian Central Bank and interest paid may not exceed the greater of 50% of net income for the year or 50% of retained earnings plus income reserves. The amount of interest on own capital is deductible for income tax purposes. Accordingly, as opposed to a payment of dividends, the benefit to the Company is a reduction in its income taxes payable equivalent to the statutory tax rate applied to such amount. Income tax is withheld from the payment of such amount to shareholders at the rate of 15%.

The Company has certain tax incentives related to the application of part of the income tax payable each year on projects located in certain areas of Brazil. An amount equal to the tax saving must be appropriated to a reserve account within stockholders’ equity and may not be distributed in the form of cash dividends.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

10.

Income Taxes (Continued)

 

  b)

Analysis of deferred tax balances

As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the deferred tax balances have been computed using a rate of 34%, which is the rate expected to be in force upon realization. The major components of the deferred income taxes account in the balance sheet are as follows:

 

     December 31,
     2008      2007
    

Current assets

     

   Tax loss carryforwards and negative basis for social contribution

   28,880       19,423    

   Loans and financing

   322,937       257,579    

   Provision for contingencies

   -       97,867    

   Allowance for doubtful debts

   -       200,706    

   Remuneration and reimbursement

   -       103,841    

   Regulatory assets

   158,670       -    

   Loans and financing receivable

   -       72,283    
    
   510,487       751,699    
    

Current liabilities

     

   Account receivables

   (18,785    (178,088)   

   Regulatory assets

   -       (10,847)   

   Suppliers

   (227,511    (132,153)   

   Employee post retirement benefits

   (155,625    (49,484)   
    
   (401,921    (370,572)   
    

   Other temporary differences assets (liabilities) – not significant individually

   396,247       164,398    
    

Total current assets

   504,813       545,525    
    

Non-current assets

     

   Tax loss carryfowards and negative basis for social contribution

   -       50,895    

   Loans and financing

   3,942,284       3,177,544    

   Provision for contingencies

   602,312       572,645    

   Employee post retirement benefits

   879,407       512,070    

   Interest on its own capital

   583,187       239,185    

   Allowance for doubtful debts

   40,874       69,527    

   Write down to market value

   132,312       130,049    

   Loans and financing receivable

   3,098,516       2,962,769    
    
   9,278,892       7,714,684    
    

Non-current liabilities

     

   Deferred regulatory assets

   (8,034,286    (6,184,976)   

   Fixed assets

   386,394       (326,624)   

Foreign currency variation

   (943,882    -    
    
   (8,591,774    (6,511,600)   
    

Other temporary differences assets (liabilities) – not significant individually

   91,373       240,819    
    

Total non-current assets

   778,491       1,443,903    
    

Tax loss carryforwards have no expiration date. However, annual compensation is limited to 30% of the total loss amount.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. The Interpretation prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken within an income tax return. For each tax position, the enterprise must determine whether it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation. A tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize within the financial statements. No benefits may be recognized for tax positions that do not meet the more likely than not threshold. The benefit to be recognized is the largest amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

As a result of implementing Interpretation 48, the Company has no uncertain tax positions for which it has recorded unrecognized income tax benefits; accordingly, there was no impact on the Company’s results of operations from the adoption of this interpretation. In addition, as of the date of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company did not have any accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in financial expense and other operating expense, respectively.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

11.

Deferred Regulatory Assets

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
    

ITAIPU recoverable costs

     23,603,738     18,191,107     

General agreement of electricity sector

   30,879     248,873     
    

Total

     23,634,617     18,439,980     

(-) Current

   (25,124)    (240,154)    
    

Non-current

     23,609,493     18,199,826     
    

 

  I)

Refers to accumulated results from ITAIPU which is considered recoverable costs to be deferred under SFAS 71, since this amount will be recovered through future tariffs.

As dicussed above, the recoverability of the regulatory asset is guaranteed based on the terms of the treaty. Considering the fact that the period of the treaty is up to 2023, the recovery is based on the costs that will be incurred up to that date on a cash basis. As a major portion of the costs is debt service, the related recovery will follow the period of the payment terms of the related debt. As well, the realization of this asset depends on the archievement in the future of the assumptions defined in the Itaipu treaty , dated April 26, 1973 and the estimation of the future cash flow.

The Company beleives that for accounting purposes this treatment of ITAIPU meets the requirements of SFAS 71, because of the following:

 

  i.

ITAIPU has its own governing board empowered by statute (treaty) to establish rates that bind customers;

 

  ii.

The treaty which regulates ITAIPU’s operation and the exhibits to that treaty establish that the tariff charged must cover the service cost of electricity, so the operation is designed to recover the costs of providing the regulated services or products;

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

11.

Deferred Regulatory Assets (Continued)

 

  iii.

In Brazil the government and the regulatory agencies are responsible for planning the Brazilian energy system. This strategic planning considers ITAIPU’s generation capacity as well as the need to recover its investments and costs within the period that the ITAIPU Binacional treaty is effective (up to 2023). At present moment, there are no anticipated changes in levels of demand and considering the current scenario it is unlikely that the demand for energy generated by ITAIPU will decrease. Regarding competition, currently there are no other companies that would be capable of producing at the same capacity levels as ITAIPU. Tariff planning is established at levels which enable the recoverability of its costs, which will be charged to and received from consumers. Historically the tariffs charged have been collected;

 

  iv.

It is likely that future income, in an amount at least equal to the capitalized costs, which are the bases of ITAIPU’s tariffs, will be recovered.

II - General Agreement for the Electricity Sector

In 2001, the Brazilian electricity sector was subjected to an Emergency Electricity Consumption Reduction Program, with the Federal Government forming the Electricity Crisis Management Chamber to manage demand adjustment programs, coordinate actions to increase energy supply, and implement emergency measures during the rationing period which lasted from June 1, 2001 to February 28, 2002.

Under Law 10.438/2002, which put into practice the legal instruments for implementation of the General Electric Sector Agreement due to the Reduction Program, ANEEL was authorized to implement the RTE – Extraordinary Tariff Adjustment, with the objective of standing up to the financial impact on the Brazilian Interconnected Electric System, then under the effect of the said program.

In that scenario, electricity generator companies recognized credits related to ‘free energy’, revenue loss and ‘Portion A’, realizable under the terms of the General Agreement for the Electricity Sector, through Extraordinary Tariff Adjustment (RTE) and collected from final consumers, with variable maturities defined by ANEEL for the different distributors.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

11.

Deferred Regulatory Assets (Continued)

 

In compliance with Circular Letter ANEEL 2.409, of December 14, 2007, the Company recognized losses stemming from ‘free energy’ not billed by distributors within the period established in the regulations, corresponding to R$ 268,612 (December 31, 2007 - R$ 299,686). That is recorded in the account “Losses in the recovery of assets” in the group of operating expenses, which was fully accrued for until the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
    

RTE – Portion A, Free Energy and Generating

Company Reimbursement

     

Balance at the beginning of the year

   526,702    1.113.667 

(-) Losses

       (268,612)    (299.686) 

(-) Actual

   (160,213)    (287.279) 
    

Realizable balance at the end of the year

   97,877    526.702 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     

Balance at the beginning of the year

   (309,732)    (351.988) 

(+) Reversal

   257,309    299.686 

(-) Recognition

   (14,575)    (257.430) 
    

Realizable balance at the end of the year

   (66,998)    (309.732) 
    
   30,879    216.970 
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

11.

Deferred Regulatory Assets (Continued)

 

Under the terms of the mentioned ANEEL Circular Letter No. 2,409/2007, the realizable balance corresponding to ‘free energy’, net of losses already recognized, is R$ 97,877 (December 31, 2007 - R$526,702) and will receive the same treatment in case it is not realized within the established periods. Most of the amounts will mature in 2009.

In accordance with the terms of the same ANEEL Circular Letter, and supported by studies prepared by management, the Company has set up an allowance for doubtful accounts of R$66,998 on December 31, 2008 (December 31, 2007 - R$ 309,732), deemed sufficient to cover possible losses that may be sustained until the end of the realization period.

III – Resulting from the sale of electricity generated at ITAIPU Binacional

Pursuant to Law No. 11.480/2007 the adjustment rate applied to the financing contracts entered into with ITAIPU Binacional and the credit assignment agreements entered into with the Federal Treasury starting in 2007 was withdrawn. Accordingly, ELETROBRAS is entitled to fully maintain its flow of receipts.

Besides, Decree 6.265 of November 22, 2007 was also issued with the purpose of regulating the sale of ITAIPU Binacional’s electricity, defining the different rate to be applied to the energy transfer rate, creating a regulatory asset for the annual difference calculated, corresponding to an annual adjustment factor taken from financing contracts to be annually included in the energy transfer rate starting in 2008.

Accordingly, from 2008, the rate charged for transferring the energy from ITAIPU Binacional includes the difference caused by the elimination of the annual adjustment factor, whose amounts should be annually defined through an Interministry Ordinance issued by the Finance Ministry and Ministry of Mining and Energy. The energy transfer rate in effect in 2008 includes an amount of R$ 502,429, (or US$ 214,989 thousand at december 31, 2007), approved by the Finance Ministry and Ministry of Mining and Energy Interministry Ordinance No. 398/2008.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

11.

Deferred Regulatory Assets (Continued)

 

The balance of regulatory assets represented by the caption “Rights to reimbursement” in non-current assets results from the sale of ITAIPU Binacional’s electricity in the period from January to December 2008. It totals R$ 4,312,809, corresponding to US$ 1,845,447.

The General Agreement also addressed Parcel A costs and losses from free energy.

Therefore, the loss of financial revenue of ELETROBRÁS caused by the elimination of the adjustment factor from financing contracts executed with ITAIPU Binacional was offset by its addition to the energy transfer tariff, not generating losses to the Company.

The method for determination of the regulatory asset was defined by Interministry ordinance MME/MF 313/2007 of December 11, 2007.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

12.

Loans and Financing Receivable

The Company maintains an investment policy to provide resources for the expansion of the Brazilian energy sector. Such resources have been granted to several companies in the energy industry, as follows:

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007
    

Annual

  average  

rate

   Current   

Non-

current

   Total   

Annual

  average  

rate

   Current   

Non-

current

   Total  
         

CEMIG

   6.76%      65,479     403,565    469,044       6.76%      60,373     284,790    345,164      

COPEL

   10.21%      4,977     67,142    72,119       8.39%      188,828     1,104,299    1,293,127      

CEEE

   9.33%      66,865     30,085    96,950       9.33%      91,557     54,436    145,993      

DUKE

   10%      171,066     439,233    610,299       10%      147,992     865,083    1,013,075      

AES Tietê

   10%      229,478     982,694    1,212,172       10%      188,828     1,104,299    1,293,127      

AES Eletropaulo

   10.01%      392,337     -    392,337       9.85%      382,952     8,917    391,869      

Tractebel

   12%      30,318     41,114    71,432       12%      32,914     68,559    101,473      

CELPE

   6.0%      18,040     77,957    95,997       6.02%      16,974     82,851    99,825      

CEMAR

   5.09%      27,506     317,532    345,038       6.07%      9,081     284,790    293,871      

CESP

   9.33%      29,286     235,273    264,559       9.32%      25,291     245,098    270,389      

ITAIPU

   7.07%      868     64,510    65,378       7.07%      244     61,771    62,015      

Other

      545,122     1,695,257    2,240,379          204,179     551,781    755,960      

Allowance for doubtful accounts

      (117,675)    -    (117,675)         (80,630)    -    (80,630)    
               

Total

          1,463,667     4,354,362    5,818,029              1,268,583     4,716,675    5,985,258      
               

Most of the related amounts are expected to be received in monthly repayments over an average 10-year period, subject to interest rates between 4.44% and 12%.

In the last quarter of 2006, the Company reversed the total amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts, amounting to R$ 350,847, established for credits associated with a financing granted to ELETROPAULO Metropolitana Eletricidade de São Paulo S.A. and long in arrears. Accordingly, ELETROBRÁS filed and won a legal action, declared final and unappealable, thus establishing ELETROBRÁS’s right to the receivable.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

12.

Loans and Financing Receivable (Continued)

 

In June 2006, the High Court of Justice (STJ) handed down a unanimous decision that collection procedures should proceed as resolved by the STJ. More recently, the STJ unanimously rejected an appeal by way of case stated lodged by ELETROPAULO. ELETROBRÁS’s management is thereby allowed to proceed with collection and, supported by the opinion of its legal advisors, deems the realization of this receivable as virtually certain.

At December 31, 2008, these receivables amounted to R$ 385,171, after adjusting for 10% of interest as per original agreements signed with ELETROPAULO and reflected in the accounting records, which as updated by the indexes used by the STJ amounted to R$ 1,061,329. Company management, on a prudent and conservative basis, does not record the updated portion on the basis of credits different from those formally agreed, and will instead await the outcome of the collection procedures.

 

13.

Recoverable Taxes

Recoverable taxes are composed as follows:

 

     December 31,
               2008              2007    
    

Current income and social contribution taxes

   1,594,718          1,847,382      

VAT

   853,510          1,013,146      

Other

   638,692          55,966      
    

Total

       3,086,920          2,916,494      

(-) Current

   (1,741,195)        (1,966,532)    
    

Non-current

   1,345,725          949,962      
    

The recoverable VAT credits are being offset by the Company with VAT to be paid over a period of 48 months, in accordance with Brazilian tax legislation.

Out of the recoverable tax credits mentioned above, the amounts of R$ 928,955 and R$ 343,291, corresponding to IRPJ and CSLL liabilities, respectively, will be offset upon filing of the calendar year 2008 Corporate Income Tax Return – DIPJ/2009.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

14.

Investments in Affiliates

ELETROBRÁS conducts a portion of its business through investments in companies accounted for using the equity and cost method. These non-consolidated companies are primarily engaged in distribution of energy.

 

          December 31,
         %                2008                    2007        
         

Equity investments

        

CEEE – Distribution

   32.59    9.499        18,951    

CEEE – G & T

   32.59    127.368        105,234    

EMAE

   39.02    267.765        252,219    

CEMAT

   41.04    359,355        352,069    

CTEEP

   35.29    1.447.818        1,393,534    

CEMAR

   33.92    197.943        169,790    

CELPA

   34.24    267,575        274,790    

Energia Lajeado

   40.07    219.806        218,445    

CEB Lajeado

   40.07    78.173        61,233    

EDP Lajeado

   40.07    103.771        102,957    

Paulista Lajeado

   40.07    23.380        23,380    
      3,102,453        2,972,602    

Investments in electric energy companies, recorded at cost

      2,545,679        1,850,027    
       
      5,648,132        4,822,629    
       

As part of the agreement, securities representing beneficiary parties (as described in Note 8c), in the amount of R$ 652,575 at December, 2008 (December, 2007 - R$ 652,575), were also acquired, issued by the related companies, with earnings equivalent to 10% of the profit determined annually by each of the Lajeado companies, which will be paid together with dividends of the referred companies. These securities may be converted into preferred shares, with no voting rights, in October 2032.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

14.

Investments in Affiliates (Continued)

 

As discussed in Note 21, ELETROBRÁS is a defendant in several lawsuits in various trial stages. The following investments were given in guarantee of these lawsuits by ELETROBRÁS, assets that represent 6.32% of its total investment portfolio, as set out below:

 

     Investment balance    Guarantee %     Guarantee amount
               
Affiliate    2008    2007        2008             2007         2008    2007
                 

CTEEP

   1.447.818        1,393,534        91,71   82.61   1.327.794        1,151,198    

EMAE

   267.765        252,219        100,00   100.00   267.765        252,219    

CESP

   269.679        269,680        95,82   95.82   258.406        258,407    

AES TIETE

   23.046        23,047        89,19   94.43   20.555        21,763    

COELCE

   15.328        15,329        100,00   100.00   15.328        15,329    

DUKE

   3.344        3,344        62,48   62.48   2.089        2,089    

CEMAT

   456.883        455,384        86,64   97.30   395.843        342,563    

CEB

   3.528        3,528        50,00   100.00   1.764        3,528    

CELPA

   366.953        379,584        96.99   5.31   355.908        14,591    

CELPE

   4.689        4,689        71,55   70.32   3.355        3,297    

CELESC

   28.241        28,242        15,24   15.24   4.304        4,304    

CEEE – G&T

   127.368        124,185        87,39   87.39   111.307        108,525    
             
       3.014.642        2,744,656                2.764.418        2,177,813    
             

The underlying guarantees were provided to support 3,578 lawsuits in which the Eletrobras is a defendant as stated in Note 21. Those lawsuits are in various trial stages and, based on the advice of the Eletrobras’s legal advisors, management estimates the average term for a final lawsuit settlement at eight to ten years.

Eletrobras provisioned for contingencies regarding the lawsuits mentioned above in the amount of R$ 1,328,244 at December 31, 2008 (R$ 1,328,244 at December 31, 2007) and estimated that the maximum potential future payments is approximately R$ 3,350,000 as discussed in Note 21.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

15.

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:

 

     December 31, 2008
    
     Annual                 
         depreciation        Cost    Accumulated       
             
     Rate        In service            In progress        depreciation          Total    
    

Generation

              

Hydroelectric

   2% - 5%    81,440,077        4,458,542        (43,014,809    42,883,810    

Nuclear

   2% - 5%    6,106,360        3,964,040        (2.,066,615    8,003,785    

Thermoelectric

   2% - 5%    2,949,989        149,210        (861,587    2,237,612    
       
      90,496,426        8,571,792        (45,943,011    53,125,207    

Transmission

   2% - 5%    33,329,088        4,690,764        (15,445,999    22,573,853    

Distribution

   2% - 5%    3,771,652        752,283        (2,487,774    2,036,161    

Administration

   4% - 20%    808,353        427,959        (335,967    900,345    
       

Total

      128,405,519        14,442,798        (64,212,751    78,635,566    
       
     December 31, 2007
    
     Annual                 
         depreciation        Cost    Accumulated       
             
     Rate        In service            In progress        depreciation          Total    
    

Generation

              

Hydroelectric

   2% - 5%    81,428,583        3,955,789        (42,469,132    42,915,240    

Nuclear

   2% -5%    6,133,475        2,721,749        (1,884,820    6,970,404    

Thermoelectric

   2% -5%    1,859,010        1,000,822        (916,753    1,943,079    
       
      89,421,068        7,678,360        (45,270,705    51,828,723    

Transmission

   2%-5%    32,605,770        4,800,073        (14,975,966    22,429,877    

Distribution

   2%-5%    1,751,470        342,986        (1,714,534    379,922    

Administration

   4%-20%    784,054        337,857        (380,884    741,027    
       

Total

      124,562,362        13,159,276        (62,342,089    75,379,549    
       

Depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 totalled R$ 2,559,225, R$ 3,309,755 and R$ 3,364,032, respectively.

The Company incurred interest costs of R$ 563,632 R$ 664,077 and R$ 732,380 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, of which R$ 254,717 , R$ 458,384 and R$ 524,940 were capitalized, respectively.

Under Brazilian law, the Company’s power generation, transmission and distribution assets may not be retired, disposed of, transferred, sold or mortgaged without the prior authorization of ANEEL. The proceeds received from the disposal of assets must be deposited in a restricted bank account and used in the purchase of other concession assets.

Additionally, the Company cannot use the assets relating to the electric power utility concession contract as collateral.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

15.

Property, Plant and Equipment (Continued)

 

The management of the Company and its subsidiaries annually analyze the recoverability of the book value of their assets, or whenever any circumstances indicate such need. These reviews have indicated the need to recognize impairment losses, for CEAL, CERON, CGTEE, MANAUS ENERGIA and ELETRONORTE, during the years ended on December 31, 2008 and 2007 in the amount of R$ 1,500,464 and R$ 730,233, respectively. In 2001, the subsidiaries CEAL and CERON recorded impairment losses under SFAS 144.

In 2007, the company revalued the cash flow of CEPISA and identified an indication for an impairment provision. However, the company’s management did not make the related adjustment for understanding that the implemented corporate restructuring processes aimed at improving these investments’ performance. For the year of 2008, such analysis did not indicated any need of impairment recognition. The company’s management will review the cash flow of CEPISA on a regular basis and perform the adjustment should the impairment scenario be maintained.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

16.

Loans and Financing

 

    2008            
        Principal   2007        
   

    Annual    

    average rate    

 

    Interest    

    Amount    

      Current    
    portion    
      Long-term           Total           Maturity           Guarantee    
           

Foreign currency

             

Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento – BID

  5,32%   5,489   43,482   369,600       350,626       2006 to 2018  

Guaranteed by Federal Government

Comitê Andino de Fomento – CAF

  4,76%   10,340   -   1,635,900       192,982        

-

Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau – KFW

  5,73%   376   59,698   95,514       171,467        

Guaranteed by Federal Government

AMFORP & BEPCO

  6,50%   -   128   -       599        

Guaranteed by Federal Government

Dresdner Bank

  6,25%   331   45,110   95,513       147,866        

Guaranteed by Federal Government

Dresdner Bank

  7,75%   5,347   -   701,100       535,442        

-

Ex-Im Bank

  2,15%   2,544   56,823   482,981       366,779        

Guaranteed by Federal Government

Others

  -   3,466   19,246   502,328       132,386        

-

             
    27,893   224,487   3,882,936       1,898,147        
             

Others

             

Federal Treasury – ITAIPU

 

4.1% to 8.49%

  5,698   1,891,529   23,250,919       19,760,071       2006 to 2013  

-

             
    5,698   2,116,016   23,250,919       19,760,071        
             
             
             
    33,591   2,116,016   27,133,855       21,658,218        
             

Local currency

             

Credit Rights Investment Fund (“fidc”)

 

1.38% , 1.8%
and Selic

  -   224,977   86,930       583,715       2006 to 2010   Credit rights

Others

    52,114   237,534   2,671,731       2,271,893        
             
    52,114   462,511   2,758,661       2,855.608        
             

Total

    85,705   2,664,233   29,892,516       24,513,826        
             

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

16.

Loans and Financing (Continued)

 

ELETROBRÁS performed the following fund raising operations, during the year 2008:

a) Conclusion, in August 2008, of the process to obtain a syndicated loan, of the type A/B Loan, with Corporación Andina de Fomento – CAF. The loan, at an amount US$ 600,000 thousand, was structured in the following manner: Part A, of US$ 150,000 thousand, with CAF, with a period of 12 years; Part B, corresponding to US$ 450,000 thousand, with a union of banks, led by Citi, BNP Paribas and Societé Generale, with a term of 7 years. Until December 31, 2008, the Company have not received any amounts related to this syndicated loan.

The contracted average interest rate was 1.64% over 6-month LIBOR, corresponding to its actual cost.

b) Contracting of a loan with Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau – KFW, at an amount of €37,200 thousand, with surety of the Brazilian Federal Government. In December 2008, the contracts referring the first € 13,300 thousand tranche was executed between ELETROBRÁS and the bank. The funds will be used in the projects of construction of 4 small water-based plants, under the responsibility of ELETROSUL.

c) Beginning of the process to obtain authorization from the National Treasury to raise US$400,000 thousand, under the form of bonus in the international market. However, after obtaining the authorization at the end of November 2008, the bonus market lost its attractiveness, a fact that determined the postponing of the mentioned issuance. The authorization already obtained is valid for the year 2009.

d) Negotiation with IBRD and regulatory agencies were started to obtain a loan of US$500,000 thousand, destined to the Company’s investment program.

Composition of foreign financings by currency:

 

     December 31,
Currency    2008    2007
      

US$

   27,233,620    20,972,106    

EURO

   1,464,173    319,333    

YEN

   585,669    366,779    
    

Total

   29,283,462    21,658,218    
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

16.

Loans and Financing (Continued)

 

   

Maturities of long-term financing:

The long-term portion at December 31, 2008 becomes due in the following years:

 

     As of
December 31,
2008

2010

   2,114,879    

2011

   1,818,255    

2012

   2,171,751    

2013

   2,210,343    

2014 and thereafter

   21,577,288    
    
   29,892,516    
    

The Company’s debt agreements contain covenants, which the Company was in compliance with as of December 31, 2008.

Financial institutions abroad do not require guarantees from the Company, and most of the Company’s financing in Brazil is guaranteed by the Federal Government. The proceeds of the financings have generally been used by the Company for working capital and to finance the expansion of its electric power generation, transmission and distribution systems. The Company does not provide guarantees for the debt of third parties or investees.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

16.  Loans and Financing (Continued)

 

I - Credit Rights Investment Fund (FIDC)

a) FIDC FURNAS I

1. Set up by its administrator, Banco Santander Brasil.

2. The assignment to Fundo FURNAS I was formalized through a Private Instrument of Receivables and Other Assets Assignment and Acquisition signed in September 2004.

3. The discount rate is 1.38% p.a.

4. The assignment flow is restated based on the annual SELIC rate set by Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) for the period from the assignment date to the last business day before the payment date.

5. The controlled company FURNAS remained as the collection agent.

6. The assignment was performed under Furnas’ co-obligation to pay for the Receivables, as provided under the Brazilian Civil Code.

7. Assigned receivables:

           

  Receivables Assigned

  

  Realization Period

  

  Amount Assigned   

  RTE

  

  Jan/2007 to Jan/2008

   126,000  

  Financing - CEMAT

  

  Oct/2004 to Mar/2009

   164,000  

  Energy - PROMAN

  

  Oct/2004 to Dec/2006

   52,000  
       

  Total assigned

      342,000  
       

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

16.  Loans and Financing (Continued)

 

b) FIDC FURNAS II

1. Jointly set up by Banco Santander Brasil and Bradesco, BB Banco de Investimento, Itaú BBA and Votorantim, under administration of BEM Distribuidora de Títulos e Valores Mobiliários LTDA.

2. The assignment to Fundo FURNAS II was formalized through a Private Instrument of Receivables and Other Assets Assignment and Acquisition signed in May 2005.

3. The discount rate is 1,80% p.a.

4. The assignment flow is restated based on the annual SELIC rate set by Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) for the period from the assignment date to the last business day before the payment date.

5. The controlled company FURNAS remained as the collection agent.

6. The assignment was performed under Furnas’ co-obligation to pay for the Receivables, as provided under the Brazilian Civil Code.

7. Assigned receivables:

           

    Receivables Assigned

  

  Realization Period

  

  Amount Assigned   

  Receivables - Law 8.727/93

  

  Jun/2005 to May/2010

   228,000  

  Energy refinancing - CEB

  

  Jun/2005 to May/2010

   162,000  

  Energy refinancing - CELG

  

  Jun/2005 to May/2010

   258,000  

  Sundry agreements

  

  Jun/2005 to Feb/2008

   255,050  
       

  Total assigned

      903,050  
       

The consolidated statements, under Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) Instruction no. 408/2004 and taken into account the characteristics of the funds, consider the receivables as an integral part of assets, recorded under the original captions, and the FIDC’s assets amount reflected as long-term and short-term financing and loans, whose total balance as of December 31, 2008 was R$ 311,907 (R$ 583,715 on December 31, 2007).

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

17.

Taxes Payable

 

     December 31,
    
          2008         2007
    

Income and social contribution taxes

   2,191,804      1,443,604  

PASEP and COFINS

   224,778      155,687  

ICMS (VAT)

   139,704      185,879  

PAES (a)

   1,112,477      1,196,982  

Others

   236,570      286,086  
    

Total

   3,692,420      3,268,238  

(-) Current

   (2,075,726   (1,955,794) 
    

Long-term

   1,616,694      1,312,444  
    

 

  a)

Refers to a special tax-payment-in-installments scheme which Furnas, Eletronorte and Eletrosul decided to join (begin in 2003, and last payment in August, 2018) in a view to settling their debts to the Federal Revenue Service and to the Social Security Agency. The amount to be paid to Federal Revenue Service (SRF) represents 1.5% of monthly sales, payable in up to 180 months and with the debit balance restated based on the Long-term Interest Rate (TJLP).

 

18.

Federal Treasury Credits

 

     December 31,
    
     2008         2007
            
     Short-term    Long-term         Short-term    Long-term
            

Acquisition of CEEE

   62,231      362,601         50,439         386,888     

Indemnity Obligation (a)

   -      2,450,772         -         302,279     

Others

   10,005      40,828         7,711         37,822     
            
   72,236      2,854,201         58,150         726,989     
            

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

18.  Federal Treasury Credits (Continued)

 

 

(a)

Pursuant to Law No. 11.480/2007 the adjustment rate applied to the financing contracts entered into with ITAIPU Binacional and the credit assignment agreements entered into with the Federal Treasury starting in 2007 was withdrawn. Accordingly, ELETROBRAS is entitled to fully maintain its flow of receipts.

Besides, Decree 6.265 of November 22, 2007 was also issued with the purpose of regulating the sale of ITAIPU Binacional’s electricity, defining the different rate to be applied to the energy transfer rate, creating a regulatory asset for the annual difference calculated, corresponding to an annual adjustment factor taken from financing contracts to be annually included in the energy transfer rate starting in 2008.

Accordingly, from 2008, the rate charged for transferring the energy from ITAIPU Binacional includes the difference caused by the elimination of the annual adjustment factor, whose amounts should be annually defined through an Interministry Ordinance issued by the Finance Ministry and Ministry of Mining and Energy. The energy transfer rate in effect in 2008 includes an amount of R$ 502,429, (or US$ 214,989), approved by the Finance Ministry and Ministry of Mining and Energy Interministry Ordinance No. 398/2008.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

19.  Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plant

The Company recognizes obligations assumed for the decommissioning of thermonuclear plants. This consists of a program of activities demanded by the National Nuclear Safety Authority (Brazilian Commission of Nuclear Energy - CNEN) that allows nuclear facilities to be safely dismantled, with minimum impact to the environment. In the case of Brazilian thermonuclear plants (Angra 1 and Angra 2), the option chosen was the decommissioning program known worldwide as “SAFSTOR,” which comprises the total dismantlement of the plant after a period of dormancy of 15 years.

The calculation of the liabilities arising from the decommissioning program is based on prevailing Brazilian and international laws and regulations, the technology currently available to carry out such activities, and the costs specific to the place where the plants are located.

According to Law No. 10.308/2001, Eletronuclear is legally responsible for the initial deposits of waste arising from the decommissioning of Angra I and Angra II and, accordingly, it bears the costs of this obligation. Under the provisions of Law No. 10.308/2001, CNEN is responsible for and bears the costs of implementing the intermediate and final deposits of waste. Therefore, these costs are not included in the calculation of the liabilities resulting from the decommissioning of thermonuclear plants, though the costs for the storage of the waste are. Article 18 of the mentioned Law establishes that intermediate and final waste storage services will have their respective costs reimbursed to CNEN by the depositors, according to a table approved by CNEN Advisory Commission to be in force starting on the first business day following the publication on the federal official gazette.

With Angra II starting operations in 2000, new studies on decommissioning costs were conducted on the basis of estimates applicable to a set of 17 US plants and 10 European, Canadian and Japanese plants which are at different decommissioning stages, as well as criteria set by the US NRC – Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These criteria were used in studies of plants similar to the Brazilian ones, including a specific study conducted at the Krisko plant, which is considered as Angra I’s twin sister.

Angra I’s and Angra II’s decommissioning cost is estimated at US$197,816 thousand and US$240,000 thousand, and the end of the plants’ useful lives forecast for December 2014 and August 2030, respectively.

In 2007, the Company’s management reviewed and adjusted the values, besides defining parameters and regulations for setting up the necessary financial reserves to cover the plant decommissioning costs. Therefore, the adjusted costs are US$307,000 thousand and US$426,000

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

thousand for Angra I and Angra II, respectively. The useful economic live of the plants was set to be 40 years. As a result of that revaluation, total obligation changed from US$437,816 thousand to US$733,000 thousand.

On December 31, 2008, the fair value in accordance with SFAS 143 liabilities related to Angra I and Angra II was R$ 266,169. The changes in the referred provision are as follows:

 

          Angra I     Angra II     Total  
    

December 31, 2006

      170,815      33,805      204,620    

Accretion/(deccretion)

      (5,647   27,449      21,802    

Exchange variation

      (29,298   (5,797   (35,095)   

December 31, 2007

      135,870      55,457      191,327    

Accretion

      13,241      497      13,738    

Exchange variation

      43,393      17,711      61,104    
    

December 31, 2008

      192,504      73,665      266,169    
    

The amounts recorded as liabilities incurred with decommissioning thermonuclear plants are estimated and will be revised through the economic lives of the plants, considering technological advances with the purpose of allocating the costs to be incurred with their deactivation to the respective accrual period.

No specific legislation tackling the decommissioning of thermonuclear plants is currently in effect in Brazil and, accordingly, the conditions for the decommissioning, the procedures to be implemented, amounts to be spent and the measures to be taken if these amounts are insufficient or in excess, are not established.

ELETRONUCLEAR manages low, medium, and high radioactivity waste. Low activity waste comprises disposable materials used in the operation and maintenance of the nuclear plants. Medium activity waste is the water purification resin and filters. High activity waste is the fuel used. High activity waste is the fuel used.

Accordingly, ELETRONUCLEAR has already built a Waste Management Center - CGR for the storage of low and medium activity wastes, located in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro State.

For high activity waste, ELETRONUCLEAR operates 2 (two) initial deposits (spent fuel pool) inside the respective Angra I and Angra II plants. There is also the project of another storage pool for spent fuel elements, located outside the plants, which will increase the storage capacity of the Nuclear Center and allow it to store all the fuel used by Angra 1 and Angra 2 reactors, throughout the useful lives of those units.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

Decommissioning costs include services referring to the removal, transportation and final disposal of low and medium activity waste generated during the decommissioning program They also include the removal and transportation of the used fuel elements to be stored where established by CNEN. These costs, however, do not include the services of subsequent intermediate and final storage of those fuel elements.

These latter costs are not considered because there are no procedures, technical regulations, or specific legislation for the long-term storage of used fuel elements. The used fuel may be recycled in the future through reprocessing techniques, as currently made in countries such as France and Japan. That might generate enough funds to pay for the costs of the final storage of the resulting high activity waste.

Given the specific characteristics of a thermonuclear plant operation and maintenance, whenever the estimated decommissioning costs change, due to new studies applying more advanced technology, the decommissioning quotas must be changed accordingly, so the liabilities can be adjusted to the new reality.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.  Employee Postemployment Benefits

The following table shows the companies (sponsors) belonging to the ELETROBRÁS group and their postemployment defined benefits valued under SFAS 87, 88, 106, 132R and 158. Column 2 indicates the pension trust funds in charge of pension benefits’ management of each sponsor. According to Brazilian law qualified pension trust funds are legally separated from the sponsoring companies.

 

Types of postemployment benefits by sponsor of the ELETROBRÁS Group

  Segment (sponsor)   Pension trust fund  

Pension  

Plan  

  Other postretirement benefits
     

Life

insurance

 

Medical

plan

  Postretirement
indemnity

  ELETROBRÁS

 

ELETROS

  X   X        

  ELETRONORTE

 

PREVINORTE

  X   X   X    

  CHESF

 

FACHESF

  X   X        

  ELETROSUL

 

ELOS

  X       X    

  ELETRONUCLEAR

 

NUCLEOS/REAL GRANDEZA

  X   X   X    

  FURNAS

 

REAL GRANDEZA

  X   X        

  CGTEE

 

ELETROCEE

  X            

  CEAL

 

FACEAL

  X            

  ITAIPU BRAZIL

 

FIBRA

  X   X   X    

  ITAIPU PARAGUAY

 

CAJA

  X   X   X   X

Due to the decentralized structure of the Eletrobrás Group, each segment (ELETROBRÁS, ITAIPU Brazil, ITAIPU Paraguay, ELETRONORTE, FURNAS, ELETRONUCLEAR, CHESF, ELETROSUL, CGTEE and CEAL) sponsors its own package of employee benefits. In this context, there is a wide array of defined postemployment benefits provided by the Group. As a whole, the Group provides for current and future retirees and their beneficiaries:

 

   

Immediate and vested deferred last-survivor life annuities;

   

Medical, dental and pharmacy benefits;

   

Lump-sum indemnity benefits at retirement;

   

Whole life insurance; and

   

Special termination benefits.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

On the next pages, the consolidated results are disclosed according to SFAS 132R as amended by SFAS 158. The measurement date for each year is December, 31st. The fair value of pension plan assets was also measured as of December 31st of each corresponding year. The assets used in the calculation for US GAAP purpose are net of accounts payable, other funds not available to pay pension benefits and outstanding debt contracts of the sponsoring companies that were recorded as pension plan assets for local accounting purposes.

Table 1 presents a summary of consolidated results for both Pension Benefits and Other Postemployment Benefits.

 

    Table 1 - Summary of Results – Employee Benefits – Eletrobrás Group    2008     2007     2006

_ Accrued Pension Obligation (SFAS 87)

   (3.052.941   (1.082.103   (2.230.169) 

_ Complement due to Outstanding Employer Debts for Pension Funding

   -          -          (473.461) 

_ Accrued Benefit Obligation – Other Postemployment Benefits (SFAS 106)

   (1.124.772   (1.260.580   (1.222.547) 

Net amount recognized as postemployment benefit liability

   (4.177.713   (2.342.684   (3.926.177) 

_ Current liability (unfunded OPEB of next period)

   (44.980   (37.972   (36.522) 

_ Non-current liability

   (4.132.733   (2.304.711   (3.889.655) 
      

_ Charge to AOCI upon adopting SFAS 158 – Pension Benefits

   2.425.349      402.318      1.176.500  

_ Charge to AOCI upon adopting SFAS 158 – Other Postemployment Benefits

   (55.876   258.086      307.865  

Net amount recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

   2.369.473      660.404      1.484.365  

Net periodic benefit cost – Pension Benefits

   125.825      243.641      247.803  

Net periodic benefit cost – Other Postemployment Benefits

   141.782      154.235      137.899  

Total net periodic benefit cost

   267.606      397.876      385.702  

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

 

  a.1)

Disclosure of Pension Benefits

Table 2a - Consolidated Results of Pension Benefits – Change in PBO

 

Change in projected benefit obligation    2008      2007      2006

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year

   15.863.257      14.578.981      13.510.946  

Service cost

   270.270      241.814      230.614  

Interest cost

   1.634.663      1.360.312      1.328.147  

Contributions to defined contribution account balances

   -          47.983      31.942  

Exclusion of defined contribution accounting balances

   (576.143   -          -      

Actuarial (gain)/loss

   390.519      697.559      267.024  

Curtailments

   -          (29.767   (17.178) 

Settlements

   -          (146.261   (118.605) 

Obligation increase due to new plan and plan amendments

   -          22.557      200.586  

Postretirement indemnity disregard

   -          -          (105.084) 

Gross benefits paid

   (855.167   (727.329   (685.171) 

Inclusion of Itaipu Paraguay into consolidated results

   -          -          -      

Foreign exchange effect due to Itaipu Paraguay

   336.332      (182.593   (64.238) 

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

   17.063.731      15.863.257      14.578.981  

Table 2b - Consolidated Results of Pension Benefits – Change in Plan Assets

 

Change in plan assets    2008     2007     2006

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

   14.781.153      12.348.812      10.348.501  

Actual return on plan assets

   166.678      2.690.255      1.942.286  

Exclusion of defined contribution accounting balances

   (596.610   -          -      

Employer contributions

   582.819      634.507      673.450  

Employee contributions

   98.221      123.426      114.783  

Gross benefits paid

   (855.167   (727.329   (685.171) 

Asset increase due to new plan

   -          -          187.554  

Settlements

   -          (189.151   (184.978) 

Foreign exchange effect due to Itaipu Paraguay

   170.027      (99.367   (47.611) 

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

   14.347.122      14.781.153      12.348.812  

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

  a.1)

Disclosure of Pension Benefits (Continued)

Table 2c - Consolidated Results of Pension Benefits – (A)PPC

 

     2008     2007     2006

(Accrued) prepaid pension cost at end of year

      

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

   17.400.063      15.863.257      14.578.981  

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

   (14.347.122   (14.781.153   (12.348.812) 

Unfunded/(funded) status at end of year

   3.052.941      1.082.103      2.230.169  

Table 2d - Consolidated Results of Pension Benefits – AOCI upon SFAS 158

 

Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other

Comprehensive Income after adoption of SFAS 158

   2008    2007    2006

Recognition of net actuarial loss/(gain)

   2.354.446    321.186    1.178.154  

Recognition of prior service cost

   70.903    85.173    3.793  

Recognition of transition obligation

   -    -    -  

Special termination benefit plan

   -    (4.041)    (5.447)  

Total amount recognized in AOCI upon adopting SFAS 158

   2.425.349    402.318    1.176.500  

Table 2e - Consolidated Results of Pension Benefits – NPPC

 

Net periodic pension cost    2008     2007     2006

Service cost (net of expected employee contributions)

   172.049      151.607      140.895  

Interest cost

   1.634.663      1.360.312      1.327.141  

Expected return on assets

   (1.652.271   (1.305.253   (1.263.057) 

Amortization of transition obligation (asset)

   -          -          642  

Amortization of prior service cost

   14.270      (3.895   252  

Amortization of actuarial (gain)/loss

   (42.887   40.871      41.930  

Total net periodic pension cost

   125.825      243.641      247.803  

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

 

  a.1)

Disclosure of Pension Benefits (Continued)

Table 3 - Rollforward of (Accrued) Prepaid Pension Cost

 

Rollforward of (Accrued) Prepaid Pension Cost    2008     2007     2006  

(Accrued) Prepaid benefit cost at beginning of year

   (1.082.103   (2.230.169   (1.486.046

Net periodic pension cost

   (125.825   (243.641   (247.803

Employer contributions

   582.819      634.507      673.450   

Recognition of actuarial gain (loss) upon SFAS 158

   (2.255.330   786.080      (1.118.188

Recognition of prior service cost upon SFAS 158

   14.270      (81.380   (3.793

Foreign exchange effect due to Itaipu Paraguay

   (166.305   83.226      10.054   

Other adjustments

   (20.467   (30.726   (57.843

(Accrued) prepaid benefit cost at end of year

   (3.052.941   (1.082.103   (2.230.169

 

  a.2)

Pension Benefits – Balance Sheet Recognition

Table 4 summarizes the balance sheet recognition of pension benefits under US GAAP.

Table 4 - Balance Sheet Recognition of Pension Benefit Obligation

 

Pension Benefits – Balance Sheet Recognition    2008     2007     2006  

US GAAP pension liability (see table 2c/2d)

   3.052.941      1.082.103      2.230.169   

Outstanding employer’s debt contract

   (1.970.064   (1.732.006   (2.083.779

Recorded liability in US GAAP balance sheet (*)

   (3.052.941   (1.082.103   (2.703.630

Until 2006, for each segment whose US GAAP’s pension liability (as shown in the table 2d under “US GAAP minimum liability”) was lower than the outstanding debt contract of the sponsor, the amount of the outstanding debt contract prevailed as the ultimately recorded US GAAP liability of that segment. This explains why all ultimately recorded US GAAP liabilities were higher than or at least equal to both the minimum liabilities under SFAS 87 (first line of table 4) and the amounts of the outstanding debt contracts (second line of table 4).

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

  b)

Disclosure of Other Postemployment Benefits (OPEB) – consolidated results and balance sheet recognition

Table 5a - Consolidated Results OPEB – APBO and (A)PBC

 

OPEB    2008     2007     2006

APBO at beginning of year

   1.260.580      1.222.547      1.057.641  

Service cost

   41.709      32.486      30.007  

Interest cost

   123.416      104.993      95.354  

Actuarial (gain)/loss

   (372.861   (7.071   89.272  

Gross benefit paid

   (41.337   (35.389   (28.060) 

Plan Amendments

   -          (3.323   -      

Foreign exchange (Itaipu Paraguay)

   113.265      (53.663   (21.667) 

APBO at end of year

   1.124.772      1.260.580      1.222.547  

Funded status at end of year

   (1.124.772   (1.260.580   (1.222.547) 

Unrecognized net actuarial (gain)/loss

   -          -          -      

Unrecognized prior service cost

   -          -          -      

Unrecognized net transition obligation (asset)

   -          -          -      

(Accrued) prepaid benefit cost at end of year

   (1.124.772   (1.260.580   (1.222.547) 

Table 5b - Consolidated Results OPEB – NPBC

 

           
OPEB – Net Periodic Benefit Cost    2008     2007     2006

Service cost (net of employee contributions)

   33.610      32.486      30.007  

Interest cost

   123.416      104.993      95.354  

Expected return on assets

   1.491      -          -      

Amortization of transition obligation (asset)

   -          -          -      

Amortization of prior service cost

   (270   -          -      

Amortization of actuarial (gain)/loss

   (16.465   16.755      12.538  

Net periodic benefit cost

   141.782      154.235      137.899  

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

 

  b)

Disclosure of Other Postemployment Benefits (OPEB) – consolidated results and balance sheet recognition (Continued)

Table 5c - Consolidated Results OPEB – AOCI upon SFAS 158

 

Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other

Comprehensive Income upon adopting SFAS 158

   2008     2007    2006

Recognition of net actuarial loss/(gain)

   (52.823)      262.281    308.639

Recognition of prior service cost

   (3.053)      (3.323)    -

Recognition of transition obligation

   -      -    -

Special Termination Benefit Plan (under FAS 88 rules)

   -      (872)    (774)

Total amount recognized in AOCI upon adopting SFAS 158

   (55.876   258.086    307.865

 

  c)

Valuation assumptions

The following valuation assumptions were used when determining the Defined Benefit Obligations and the Net Periodic Benefit Costs under SFAS 87 and SFAS 106.

Table 6 - Valuation assumptions by segment as of December 31, 2008

 

 

Actuarial assumptions

 

   2008(1)     

Discount rate

   10,46%       

Expected return on plan assets

   10,46%       

Future salary increases

   7,83%       

Health care cost trend rate (leveled rate) (2)

   7,30%       

Mortality table (healthy lives)

   AT-83       

(1) As a consequence of Eletrobras control, the actuarial and financial assumptions adopted for 2008 were the same for all companies presented.

(2) Not all companies sponsor a medical plan. This assumption was adopted when applicable.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20. Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

  d)

Additional information as required by SFAS 132r

The following tables present SFAS 132r’s complementary disclosure requirements by segment as of December 31, 2007.

Table 7a - Pension Benefits - Complementary Disclosure under SFAS 132r

 

     Pension Benefits as of December 31, 2008  
     Pensions Benefits  
     Eletrobrás     CGTEE     CHESF     Eletrosul     Eletronuclear
(Nucleos)
   

 

Furnas and
Eletronuclear
(RG)

 

    Eletronorte     Itaipu Brazil     Itaipu
Paraguay
    CEAL    Eletrobrás  
Consolidated  
 

Change in Projected Benefit Obligation

                       

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year

   2.024.710      124.324      3.283.201      632.765      813.620      5.626.335      858.033      1.447.634      1.052.635      -        15.863.257   

Service cost

   9.927      4.012      46.383      18.965      33.878      56.184      2.107      50.044      48.771      -        270.270   

Interest cost

   211.643      13.208      343.135      67.060      86.198      587.569      91.140      152.440      82.270      -        1.634.663   

Contributions (DC Plan - account balance)

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Exclusion of defined contribution accounting balances

   -          -          -          -          -          -          (576.143   -          -          -        (576.143

Actuarial (gain)/loss

   (133.876   23.788      38.624      (32.363   377.202      422.120      (29.034   3.622      (368.223   88.659    390.519   

Curtailments

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Settlements

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Obligation increase due to new plan and plan amendments

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Gross benefit paid

   (122.007   (3.457   (199.453   (20.752   (27.221   (350.409   (20.387   (75.345   (36.136   -        (855.167

Foreign exchange effect due to Itaipu Paraguay

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          336.332      -        336.332   

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

   1.990.397      161.875      3.511.890      665.675      1.283.677      6.341.799      325.716      1.578.395      1.115.648      88.659    17.063.731   

Change in Plan Assets

                       

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

   2.113.213      127.869      2.772.430      635.631      718.560      5.563.380      887.790      1.430.139      532.141      -        14.781.153   

Actual return on plan asset

   36.154      3.220      33.565      42.813      250.382      (326.808   52.535      44.767      (91.014   121.064    166.678   

Exclusion of defined contribution accounting balances

   -          -          -          -          -          -          (596.610   -          -          -        (596.610

Employer contributions

   11.692      2.444      189.782      20.105      -          286.896      1.057      38.316      32.527      -        582.819   

Plan participants’ contributions

   6.769      1.813      24.599      9.098      5.513      25.765      1.057      14.241      9.366      -        98.221   

Gross benefit paid

   (122.007   (3.457   (199.453   (20.752   (27.221   (350.409   (20.387   (75.345   (36.136   -        (855.167

Settlements

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Foreign exchange effect due to Itaipu Paraguay

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          170.027      -        170.027   

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

   2.045.821      131.889      2.820.923      686.895      947.234      5.198.824      325.442      1.452.119      616.911      121.064    14.347.122   

(Accrued) prepaid benefit cost at end of year

                       

Funded status at end of year

   55.424      (29.986   (690.967   21.220      (336.443   (1.142.975   (274   (126.276   (498.737   32.405    (2.716.609

Unrecognized net actuarial (gain)/loss

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Unrecognized prior service cost

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Unrecognized net transition obligation (asset)

   -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

(Accrued) prepaid benefit cost at end of year

   55.424      (29.986   (690.967   21.220      (336.443   (1.142.975   (274   (126.276   (498.737   32.405    (2.716.609

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

 

  d)

Additional information as required by SFAS 132r (Continued)

Table 7b - Pension Benefits - Complementary Disclosure SFAS 132r (Continued)

 

    Pension Benefits as of December 31st 2008  
    Eletrobrás     CGTEE     Chesf     Eletrosul     Eletronuclear
(Nucleos)
    Furnas and
Eletronuclear
(RG)
    Eletronorte     Itaipu Brazil     Itaipu
Paraguay
    Ceal   Eletrobrás
Consolidated
 

Components of net periodic benefit cost

                     

Service cost (net of employee contributions)

  3.158      2.199      21.784      9.867      28.365      30.419      1.050      35.802      39.405      -   172.049   

Interest cost

  211.643      13.208      343.135      67.060      86.198      587.569      91.140      152.440      82.270      -   1.634.663   

Expected return on assets

  (225.652   (15.045   (322.722   (68.785   (78.101   (639.896   (95.045   (164.724   (42.300   -   (1.652.271

Amortization of transition obligation (asset)

  -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -   -       

Amortization of prior service cost

  12.745      -          -          -          1.642      37      (154   -          -          -   14.270   

Amortization of actuarial (gain)/loss

  -          (867   (17.475   (369   (662   12      (75   -          (23.451   -   (42.887

Total net periodic benefit cost

  1.894      (504   24.722      7.773      37.442      (21.858   (3.085   23.518      55.923      -   125.825   

Table 7c - Pension Benefits - Complementary Disclosure SFAS 132r (Continued)

 

          Pension Benefits as of December 31st 2008    
          Eletrobrás   CGTEE   Chesf   Eletrosul   Eletronuclear
(Nucleos)
  Furnas and
Eletronuclear
(RG)
  Eletronorte   Itaipu Brazil   Itaipu
Paraguay
  Ceal    

Expected Cash Flows

                       

Employer Contributions - 2009 (expected)

  5.271   1.605   208.115   10.799   15.008   263.237   787   15.137   38.188   170  

Expected Benefit Payments

                       
  2009   124.880   4.792   214.760   39.071   46.486   370.326   21.400   40.893   26.046   6.161  
  2010   127.793   5.059   223.675   41.075   54.109   384.744   21.694   45.386   28.908   6.210  
  2011   131.414   5.581   234.261   43.985   60.857   403.858   22.334   51.471   32.786   6.239  
  2012   135.126   6.459   243.955   35.729   68.173   421.595   23.064   59.550   37.931   6.278  
  2013   139.265   7.227   251.151   33.975   75.542   439.715   23.599   68.986   43.942   6.315  
  2014 - 2018   727.927   57.390   1.336.235   215.860   460.968   2.457.063   121.919   1.238.090   788.617   31.984  

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

  d)

Additional information as required by SFAS 132r (Continued)

 

Table 8a - OPEB - Complementary Disclosure SFAS 132r

     Other Postretirement Benefits as of December 31 2008  
     Other Postretirement Benefits  
     Eletrobrás     CGTEE    Chesf     Eletrosul     Eletronuclear
(Nucleos)
    Furnas and
Eletronuclear
(RG)
    Eletronorte     Itaipu Brazil     Itaipu Paraguay     Ceal    Eletrobrás
Consolidated
 

Change in Projected Benefit Obligation

                        

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year

   56.058      -        112.990      4.074      45.364      220.821      19.096      447.686      354.491      -        1.260.580   

Service cost

   502      -        1.053      248      1.875      2.283      934      16.662      18.152      -        41.709   

Interest cost

   5.911      -        11.967      412      4.781      23.443      1.623      47.590      27.689      -        123.416   

Actuarial (gain)/loss

   (7.777   -        17.021      (530   9.985      (125.976   34.229      (126.953   (172.861   -        (372.861

Gross benefit paid

   (2.406   -        (3.853   (515   (1.740   (3.747   (957   (15.349   (12.770   -        (41.337

Foreign exchange effect due to Itaipu Paraguay

   -          -        -          -          -          -          -          -          113.265      -        113.265   

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

   52.288      -        139.178      3.689      60.265      116.824      54.925      369.636      327.967      -        1.124.772   

(Accrued) prepaid benefit cost at end of year

                        

Funded status at end of year

   (52.288   -        (139.178   (3.689   (60.265   (116.824   (54.925   (369.636   (327.967   -        (1.124.772

Unrecognized net actuarial (gain)/loss

   -          -        -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Unrecognized prior service cost

   -          -        -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

Unrecognized net transition obligation (asset)

   -          -        -          -          -          -          -          -          -          -        -       

(Accrued) prepaid benefit cost at end of year

   (52.288   -        (139.178   (3.689   (60.265   (116.824   (54.925   (369.636   (327.967   -        (1.124.772

Total US GAAP net benefit (liability) asset

   (52.288   -        (139.178   (3.689   (60.265   (116.824   (54.925   (369.636   (327.967   -        (1.124.772

Table 8b - OPEB - Complementary Disclosure SFAS 132r (Continued)

     Other Postretirement Benefits as of December 31st 2008  
     Eletrobrás     CGTEE    Chesf     Eletrosul     Eletronuclear
(Nucleos)
   Furnas and
Eletronuclear
(RG)
    Eletronorte    Itaipu Brazil    Itaipu Paraguay     Ceal    Eletrobrás
Consolidated
 

Components of net periodic benefit cost

                           

Service cost (net of employee contributions)

   (921   -        (2.306   248      1.026    (185   934    16.662    18.152      -        33.610   

Interest cost

   5.911      -        11.967      412      4.781    23.443      1.623    47.590    27.689      -        123.416   

Expected return on assets

   52      -        28      27      61    225      50    672    376      -        1.491   

Amortization of Transition obligation (asset)

   -          -        -          -          -        -          -        -        -          -        -       

Amortization of Prior service cost

   -          -        -          (270   -        -          -        -        -          -        (270

Amortization of Actuarial (gain)/loss

   (2.371   -        -          -          184    545      -        2.100    (16.923   -        (16.465

Total net periodic benefit cost

   2.672      -        9.689      417      6.052    24.028      2.607    67.024    29.294      -        141.782   

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

  d)

Additional information as required by SFAS 132 R (Continued)

 

Table 8c - OPEB - Complementary Disclosure SFAS 132 R (Continued)

 

          Other Postretirement Benefits as of December 31st 2008
            Eletrobrás        CGTEE            Chesf            Eletrosul            Eletronuclear  
(Nucleos) (1)  
   Furnas and  
Eletronuclear  
   Eletronorte    Itaipu Brazil   

Itaipu    

Paraguay    

   Ceal      

Expected Cash Flows

                                

Employer Contributions - 2009 (expected)

      -        -        -    -        -        -    -        -    -        -    

Expected Benefit Payments

                                
   2009    8.847    -        14.703    393    2.475    4.225    1.219    7.655    5.463    -    
   2010    9.753    -        16.115    552    2.554    4.577    1.298    7.951    5.682    -    
   2011    10.754    -        17.672    726    2.712    4.957    1.383    8.375    6.149    -    
   2012    11.860    -        19.385    450    2.769    5.368    1.476    8.946    6.948    -    
   2013    13.078    -        21.269    486    2.963    5.816    1.578    9.651    8.035    -    
   2014 – 2018    88.253    -        141.486    2.148    40.729    96.622    10.929    168.145    177.996    -    

 

(1) Expected Benefit Payments for medical assistance

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

e) Asset allocation and description of investment strategies of pension funds

e.1) ELETROBRAS

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 2,045,821 and R$ 2,113,213 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 10.86% in 2007.

 

     Target Allocation    Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End
Asset category    2009        2008        2007    

Equity securities

   10.4%    20.0%    21.00%

Fixed Income

   80.9%    72.0%    71.00%

Real estate

   3.7%    4.0%    3.00%

Other

   5.0%    4.0%    4.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

e.2) ELETRONORTE

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 325,442 and R$ 887,790 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 10.28% in 2007.

 

     Target Allocation    Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End
Asset category    2009        2008        2007    

Equity securities

   1.3%    5.0%    5.00%

Fixed Income

   94.2%    86.0%    86.00%

Real estate

   2.9%    5.0%    5.00%

Other

   1.6%    3.0%    3.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

e) Asset allocation and description of investment strategies of pension funds (Continued)

 

e. 3) CHESF

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 2,820,923 and R$ 2,772,430 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 11.44% in 2007.

 

     Target Allocation    Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End
Asset category    2009        2008        2007    

Equity securities

   13.6%    19.0%    27.00%

Fixed Income

   79.5%    76.0%    67.00%

Real estate

   1.6%    1.0%    1.00%

Other

   9.7%    4.0%    5.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

e.4) ELETROSUL

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 686,895 and R$ 635,631 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 10.31% in 2007.

 

     Target Allocation    Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End
Asset category    2009        2008        2007    

Equity securities

   5.1%    8.0%    8.00%

Fixed Income

   88.6%    86.0%    86.00%

Real estate

   2.5%    3.0%    3.00%

Other

   3.8%    4.0%    4.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

e) Asset allocation and description of investment strategies of pension funds (Continued)

e.5) ELETRONUCLEAR

The fair value of plan assets for these plans is R$ 947,234 and R$ 718,560 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 11.24% in 2007.

 

   Target Allocation   

Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End

Asset category

   2009    
   2008        2007    

Equity securities

   14.1%    17.0%    17.00%

Fixed Income

   79.5%    78.0%    78.00%

Real estate

   3.2%    3.0%    3.00%

Other

   3.2%    2.0%    2.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

e.6) FURNAS (Pension Benefits and Other Postretirement Benefits) and ELETRONUCLEAR (only participants of Real Grandeza Pension Plan including in Pension Benefits)

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 5,198,824 and R$ 5,563,380 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 10.85% in 2007.

 

   Target Allocation   

Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End

Asset category

   2009        2008        2007    

Equity securities

   14.9%    21.0%    21.00%

Fixed Income

   77.2%    72.0%    73.00%

Real estate

   3.8%    3.0%    2.00%

Other

   4.1%    4.0%    4.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

 

F-77

 


Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

e) Asset allocation and description of investment strategies of pension funds (Continued)

 

e.7) CGTEE

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 131,889 and R$ 127,869 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 11.52% in 2007.

 

     Target Allocation    Percentage of Plan Assets at Year End

Asset category

   2009    2008        2007

Equity securities

   18.5%    29.0%    24.00%

Fixed Income

   78.6%    69.0%    74.00%

Real estate

   1.6%    1.0%    1.00%

Other

   1.3%    1.0%    1.00%

Total

   100.00%    100.00%    100.00%

e.8) ITAIPU BRAZIL

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 1,448,265 and R$ 1,430,139 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008 and 11.21% in 2007.

e.9) ITAIPU PARAGUAY

The fair value of plan assets for these plans is USD 261,890 and USD 300,560 at the end of 2008 and 2007, respectively. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 6.00% in 2008 and 6.00% in 2007.

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

20.

Employee Postemployment Benefits (Continued)

 

e) Asset allocation and description of investment strategies of pension funds (Continued)

 

e.10) CEAL

The fair value of plan assets is R$ 121,064 the end of 2008. The expected long term rate of return on these plan assets was 10.46% in 2008.

This is the first year of recognition of pension benefit costs for CEAL. Thus the asset allocation for 2007 is not available.

 

         Target Allocation

Asset category

     2009

Equity securities

     11.7%

Fixed Income

     82.7%

Real estate

     5.5%

Other

     0.1%

Total

     100.00%

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies

There are several lawsuits at different trial stages against ELETROBRÁS and its controlled companies. In accordance with guidelines of the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM), the Company classifies lawsuits against the Company according to the loss risk, based on the opinion of its legal advisors, as follows:

 

   

For lawsuits for which an unfavorable outcome is considered as probable, provisions are recorded;

 

   

For lawsuits for which an unfavorable outcome is considered as possible, the related information is disclosed in Notes to the financial statements;

 

   

For lawsuits for which an unfavorable outcome is considered as remote, only the information deemed immaterial by management is disclosed in the Notes to the financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

The Company is involved in several judicial and administrative proceedings arising from the normal course of its business. It have established provisions for all amounts in the dispute that represent a probable loss in the view of our legal advisors and in relation to those disputes that are covered by laws, administrative decrees, decrees or court rulings that have proven to be unfavorable. Based on the advice of our legal counsel, management believes that the provision for contingent losses is sufficient to cover probable losses in connection with such actions. For those contingencies the Company has recorded provisions for losses as follows:

 

         December 31,    
    
     2008    2007
    

Labor claims

       1,246,041     934,175     

Tax claims

       242,000     149,545     

Civil claims

       2,965,320     2,889,519     

Judicial deposits

       (921,407)    (539,179)    
    

Total

       3,531,954     3,434,060     

(-) Current

       (1,481,709)    (1,086,773)    
    

Long-term

       2,050,245     2,347,287     
    

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses:

1) Civil Lawsuits in controlled companies:

CHESF:

a) The controlled company CHESF has filed a civil lawsuit claiming for partial annulment of an amendment to the Xingó Hydroelectric Power Plant construction contract (Fator K – Analytical price correction), signed with the Consortium formed by Companhia Brasileira de Projetos e Obras - CBPO, Constran S.A.– Construções e Comércio e Mendes Júnior Engenharia S.A. and reimbursement of approximately R$ 350 million, corresponding to twice as much as the amounts paid.

The suit was filed with the Federal Justice, but a decision from the Federal Regional Court of the 5th Region determined that the suit be handled by the State of Pernambuco Justice. As of December 31, 2008, the proceeding had not been judged yet.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

The suit filed by the company was considered groundless. The counterclaim filed by the defendant was deemed groundful by the 12th Civil Court of the Judicial District of Recife, and the decision was upheld by the 2nd Civil Chamber of the Federal Court of Pernambuco. Chesf filed appeals for clarification of some of the counterclaim’s points that were omitted from the decision of the 2nd Civil Chamber. These appeals were judged and denied by the 2nd Civil Chamber. After that, Chesf’s management filed a Special Appeal and an Extraordinary Appeal against the decision issued by the 2nd Civil Chamber on the prior counterclaim. As of March 31, 2004, the special appeals filed by Chesf were accepted by the Court of Justice of the State of Pernambuco, but the extraordinary appeals also filed were not. Because of that, Chesf filed the proper bills of review. As of June 30, 2005, the said appeals were sub judice at the Higher Courts. After that date and as of March 31, 2006, the bills of review filed by Chesf with the Federal Supreme Court (STF) were denied, and the Special Appeal filed by Chesf and the Federal Government with the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) was accepted by the Federal Public Prosecution Office, which issued its opinion requesting the annulment of the suit due to the total inability of the State Justice to handle the case and the reexamination of the merits of the case by proper court. As of September 30, 2006, the proceeding awaited a final decision.

In November 1998, the defendants filed a request for temporary execution of the decision, amounting to R$245 million, but the procedures were suspended as determined by STJ’s President (PET 1621). This request was object of a special appeal according to specific court regulations filed by the Consortium and judged on June 24, 2006. The unanimous decision was for the upholding of the decision previously granted by STJ’s President. Accordingly, the possibility of the Consortium obtaining an interim relief was eliminated.

Later, the defendants filed a settlement action in order to calculate the amount of the decision then, in case all CHESF’s and Federal Government’s appeals were denied. As of September 30, 2005, expert works were being conducted, as determined by the judge ruling the process, in order to calculate the actual amount of the suit. After the first report was presented by the expert, the parties requested clarifications to the report, and the proceedings are again being examined by an expert.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

Based on the opinion of its legal counselors and calculations that considered the suspension of Fator K’s payments of installments and monetary restatement, the company’s management set up a provision, recorded under Non-current Liabilities and amounting to R$ 357,067 as of December 31, 2008, to cover possible losses resulting from this subject. This provision corresponds to the partial disallowance of Fator K from July 1990 to December 1993, pursuant to Law No. 8.030/1990, and total suspension of Fator K’s payment from January 1994 to January 1996, according to the company’s understanding.

As of December 31, 2007, the special appeal and the bill of review brought by the company awaited decision at the Superior Court of Justice and Federal Supreme Court, respectively, and the court records had already been completed for the Reporting Judge’s examination. The settlement action filed with the 12th Civil Court of the Judicial District of Recife was under way at the state level and a hearing to discuss the expert report was scheduled for February 19, 2008.

The judge recognized that the Federal Court is competent to decide on the settlement action, considering that the Federal Government is a party to it. The Xingó Consortium filed a motion for clarification of judgment, and the judge upheld his decision against the appeal and sent the case records to the Federal Court. Dissatisfied with the decision, the Xingó Consortium filed a bill of review that, as of September 30, 2008, was sub judice at the Court of Justice of the State of Pernambuco. As of December 31, 2008, the proceeding had not been judged yet.

b) Suit for damages to be paid for the 14,400 hectares of land at Fazenda Aldeia filed at Sento Sé District by the trustees of the estate of Aderson Moura de Souza and his wife (Lawsuit 0085/1993). The lower court decision considered the request groundful and sentenced Chesf to pay R$ 50 million, corresponding to the principal amount plus interest and monetary restatement. As of December 31, 2008, Chesf filed an appeal with Court of Justice of the State of Bahia.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

CGTEE:

The civil contingencies of that subsidiary company refer mainly to disputes with suppliers, whose probable loss according to the Company’s legal advisors corresponded to R$ 270 on December 31, 2008 (R$155 on December 31, 2007).

ELETRONORTE:

The civil contingencies of that subsidiary totaled R$ 650,339 from which the dispute against a supplier (Sondotécnica) corresponds to R$ 239,787.

2) Labor Lawsuits

2.a) Company:

a) The Company has set up a provision of R$ 88,574 to face possible losses with labor contingencies.

2.b) Controlled companies

FURNAS:

a) Compensation of engineers

The Union of Engineers of the State of Rio de Janeiro filed labor actions claiming the recovery of salary differences caused by a change in the base date of the raise in the compensation of that company’s engineers. Currently, the proceedings are in the process of being terminated. The estimated and booked amount corresponds to R$ 83,436 (R$71,500 in 2007), of which R$ 16,747 refers to employees transferred to ELETRONUCLEAR due to the 1997 spin-off of the nuclear-related activities.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

b) Bonuses for hazardous working conditions

Various lawsuits were filed claiming hazardous working conditions extra pay, under the assumption that the full percentage should be paid to all employees who provide services in the electricity area and not proportionally. The estimated amount to cover possible losses as of December 31, 2008 is R$ 62,597.

c) Retirement complementary benefit

An amount of R$ 58,808 refers to supplementary retirement benefits for equivalence with the earnings of active employees.

d) Sundry actions

As of December 31, 2008, a provision of R$ 121,982 (R$ 61,602 on December 31, 2007) was kept to cover various civil and labor lawsuits filed against the Company.

CHESF:

The contingencies in the labor area of CHESF are chiefly composed of actions referring bonuses for hazardous working conditions, overtime, jointly contributions to the FACHESF pension fund, and termination amounts arising from the delinquency of third party companies. The main ones are commented below:

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

a) An action is in progress at the Regional Labor Court of the State of Bahia, filed by the Union of Electric Sector Workers of Bahia, claiming the payment to the employees of Gerência Regional de Paulo Afonso – GRP, city of Paulo Afonso – State of Bahia, the salary difference caused by the application of Decree-Law no. 1971 and of the annual increase on the value of bonuses for hazardous working conditions, estimated at R$ 7,500. The Company filed a review appeal with the Superior Labor Court (TST) that was denied. The process received a final and unappealable decision and CHESF was condemned to pay the amount. The execution has started and an amount of R$ 3,700 was paid to a significant part of the employees. A portion of R$ 3,800 remains to be paid. As of December 31, 2008, the situation was unchanged, and the company waited for the settlement.

b) An action was filed with the 8th Labor Court of Fortaleza - State of Ceará by the Union of Electricity Sector Workers of the State of Ceará - SINDELETRO, aiming the refund of losses incurred by the employees of Gerência Regional Norte – GRN (Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte), stemming from the cancellation of transportation services, whose proceeding has an estimated value of R$ 6,000. The request for the transportation to be resumed was granted in a partial execution and the Company is complying. The Union asked for complementary transportation services and daily fine to be applied against the Company. CHESF challenged the claim. The Labor Judge, after a hearing held on August 23, 2005 for presentation of the arguments of CHESF, changed his previous understanding, determining the re-establishment of the transportation services only to the extent previously provided. Still in the same decision, the parameters for the settlement of the decision were established and the labor credit was reduced to R$ 1,300. The Trial Labor Court of the city of Fortaleza is processing the execution, and rendered a final and unappealable decision. As of December 31, 2008, CHESF still waited for the judgment of the bill of review filed by the plaintiff.

c) An action was filed with the 4th Labor Court of Recife - State of Pernambuco by the Union of the Workers of Urban Industries of the State of Pernambuco (URBANITÁRIOS) representing 460 employees who work in Recife, claiming the payment of hazardous working conditions extra pay on all amounts of salary nature, what corresponds to R$ 4,000. Due to the principle of lis alibi pendens, the Judge of the Trial Court excluded from the proceeding 300 of the represented employees and judged the claim groundless. The Union filed an ordinary appeal with the Labor Court of the 6th Region that was granted.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

The proceeding was then sent for analysis of an expert. As of June 30, 2008, the expert work had been completed and the court determined the value of the action as R$ 3,300. According to the calculations of the Company’s legal counselors, the debt amounts to R$2,900 and the difference will be challenged through motion for stay of execution. As of December 31, 2008, the situation was unchanged.

ELETRONORTE:

The controlled company is involved in some labor disputes has recognized a provision of R$ 132,724.

3) Tax Lawsuits in controlled companies

FURNAS:

a) That controlled company, based on the latest decisions of the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service, recognized a provision of R$ 83,424 for PASEP/COFINS applicable on the exclusion of the Global Reversal Reserve Quota (RGR) from the tax basis for the periods between October 1995 and September 2000 and October 2005 to March 2007.

b) Assessment of deficiencies - FINSOCIAL, COFINS, and PASEP

On May 3, 2001, the controlled company FURNAS received a notice assessing deficiencies in FINSOCIAL, COFINS and PASEP, in the restated amount of R$ 1,098,900 (historic value - R$ 791,796) due to deductions from related tax bases, especially of the revenues from the pass-on and transmission of ITAIPU’s electricity for a ten-year period. These deficiencies are in addition to others assessed in 1999 for an inspection period of five fiscal years, corresponding to R$ 615,089, which were included in a tax debt refinancing program (REFIS) in March 2000 and transferred in July 2003 to the Special Tax debt refinancing program (PAES).

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

I - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as probable losses (Continued)

 

According to bill No. 8 of Superior Court Feeral (STF), of June 12, 2008, that limited in 5 (five) years the term of loss of procedural right of these contributions, the amount of the assessment was reduced from R$ 1,098,900 to R$ 228,592.

The Company, based on the latest decisions of the Federal Revenue Service, recognized a provision of tax contingencies of R$ 83,424 for PASEP/COFINS applicable on the exclusion of the Global Reversal Reserve Quota (RGR) from the tax basis for the periods between October 1995 and September 2000 and October 2005 to March 2007. The R$145.168 difference refers to other exclusions from the mentioned tax basis, not judged yet, where there are chances of a favorable result to FURNAS, according to the understanding of its legal area.

ELETRONORTE:

a) That controlled company is involved in some actions involving ICMS (State VAT) and has recognized a provision of R$ 53,033 to cover possible losses.

CHESF:

a) That subsidiary is involved in lawsuits for cancellation of assessments of deficiency and request of refund of credits (PIS/PASEP, COFINS), among others. The company has set up a provision of R$ 8,770 (December 31, 2007 - R$ 8,321).

II - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as possible losses:

1) Civil lawsuits

1.a) Company:

a) The Company’s provision for civil contingencies, in the amount of R$ 1,328,244 (December 31, 2007 - R$ 1,328,244), refers to Compulsory Loan-related lawsuits, taken on behalf of ELETROBRÁS starting in 1978, with monetary restatement criteria different from those established in the specific Law.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

II - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as possible losses (Continued)

 

Those actions should not be confused with those filed claiming the redemption of the currently unenforceable Bearer Bonds issued in association with the compulsory loan.

The proceedings accrued for challenged the calculation system of monetary restatement determined in the law that governs the compulsory loan, used for adjustment of the credits taken starting in 1978. Those credits have been fully paid by ELETROBRÁS through conversions into shares as defined in the 72nd, 82nd, and 142nd extraordinary meetings of ELETROBRÁS.

There are 3,578 lawsuits under way at different stages, aiming at recognition of the right to receive full monetary restatement on the amounts paid as compulsory loan. Supported by their legal counselors’ opinion, ELETROBRÁS management estimated at eight to ten years, the average term for a final lawsuit settlement.

Under this criterion, ELETROBRÁS management, based on its legal counselors’ opinion, evaluates that the risk of loss on the Compulsory Loan-related lawsuits as possible.

However, due to the substantial amounts involved, management, on a conservative basis and taking into account lower-court unfavorable decisions and the lack of judgment by the Higher Court of Justice on the merits of the cause, adopts the practice of setting up a provision for contingencies, which was made in prior years, to cover possible losses on unfavorable legal decisions.

In this scenario, therefore, the Company’s management, due to the importance of the issue, decided to carefully consider matters affecting the company’s assets, in case something changes the course of the trials. Through this, the Company fulfills its duty to best protect the users of the Financial Statements, mainly regarding the assessment of its liabilities, and, consequently, of its stockholders’ equity, trying to avoid extremely optimist analyses in making decisions based on account information.

Thus, the accumulated amount provisioned, corresponding to R$ 1,328,244 despite the classification of possible risk, is considered sufficient by the Company’s management and it is in conformity with the different stages of the lawsuits and their natures. It is not possible, at the current stage and circumstances, to get to a conclusion about the outcome of the proceedings that may reach an approximate amount of R$ 3,350,000.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

II - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as possible losses (Continued)

 

1.b) Controlled companies

CHESF:

a) Two indemnity actions filed against CHESF by the Consortium formed by CBPO/CONSTRAN/Mendes Júnior claiming the controlled company’s payment of an additional financial compensation, due to the delayed payment of invoices under the Xingó Hydroelectric Power Plant construction contract. One of these actions, filed in June 1999, referred to invoices issued as from April 1990 and the other, filed in May 2000, referred to invoices issued until then. The plaintiffs’ general claims under these actions were restricted to the existence of an alleged right to financial compensation, the determination of the respective amounts being postponed to the end of the action.

The Company challenged the actions and requested the Federal Revenue Service to be included in the action and the proceeding to be transferred to one of the courts of the Federal Justice in Pernambuco. The Consortium filed a motion addressing the request of the inclusion of the Brazilian Federal Government in the proceeding.

After presentation of the expert’s work and additional explanations, a hearing was held in August 2005. It was determined the presentation of the closing arguments until October 17, 2005. Currently, the proceeding was sent to the judge under advisement and there will probably be a pretrial order for rendering of a decision. As of December 31, 2008, the situation remained unchanged.

b) A public civil action filed against the Company by Associação Comunitária do Povoado do Cabeço e Adjacências (Community Association of the Town of Cabeço and Surrounding Areas), in the State of Sergipe, corresponding to R$ 100,000, with the 2nd Federal Court of Sergipe. It aims a financial compensation associated with alleged environmental damages caused to the fishermen of Cabeço, resulting from the construction of the Xingó Hydroelectric Power Plant.

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

II - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as possible losses (Continued)

 

The action was filed with a federal court on June 27, 2002, and was challenged within the legally established period. After a series of proceeding occurrences that have not affected the claim, on August 31, 2005, a judge determined the inclusion of the Brazilian Federal Government, IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of the Environment), IMA-AL (Environment Institute of the State of Alagoas), CRA-BA (Regional Administration Council of the State of Bahia), and ADEMA-SE (State Environment Administration of the State of Sergipe) in lawsuit, ordering the delivery and service of the summons to those entities.

As of September 30, 2005, the company was waiting for the service of process to take place. On September 30, 2006, the proceeding was sent to the Judge under advisement, after the entrance in the docket of CHESF’s new defenders. On December 31, 2006, the proceeding was suspended by a decision of the Judge, awaiting judgment of the interlocutory appeal filed by the author of the lawsuit with Federal Court of Appeals of the 5th Region. That has not been judged yet.

The co-parties of CHESF (the Brazilian Federal Government, IBAMA, IMA-AL, CRA-BA and ADEMA-SE) have already been summoned. On September 12, 2007, the judge issued a pretrial order with the following contents: “Await information on the final and unappealable decision of the appeal, which should be communicated to CHESF.” Considering that the interlocutory appeal CHESF filed was refused, that company filed a motion for resettlement against that decision, which, as of March 31, 2008 had not been judged yet.

On June 13, 2008, a pretrial order of the judge determined the summoning of the Brazilian Federal Government and of IBAMA, as well as summoning the author of the suit to discuss the terms of the action. As of September 30, 2006, the case records were with IBAMA. As of December 31, 2008, the subsidiary was waiting for the conciliation hearing, set up for February 19, 2009. As the hearing did not that place on that date, the judge ordered new steps for the continuation of the proceeding.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

II - Lawsuits against the Company and its subsidiary companies rated as possible losses (Continued)

 

c) A public civil action was also filed against controlled company CHESF, in the district of Brejo Grande/SE, involving R$100 million, with the same claims of the action referred to above, but abandoned by the plaintiff in February 2005. The latest proceeding was performed in November 2007, when the judge determined that the Public Prosecution Office presented its arguments regarding the civil action. As of March 31, 2008, the action remained stalled and with no position from the Public Prosecution Office. As of June 30, 2008, the judge from Brejo Grande District issued a decision recognizing the inability of the State Justice to handle the case and determining that the case records are sent to the Federal Justice. As of September 30, 2008, these case records were with IBAMA. On December 31, 2008, IBAMA had not returned the records yet.

According to the opinion of Company’s legal counselors, the risk of an unfavorable outcome for those actions (items b and c) is possible, but the loss amount is not known.

CGTEE:

CEEE-D filed a lawsuit claiming the amounts related to the transference action of CGTEE by CEEE to ELETROBRÁS. The value of the action amounts to R$ 3,650, and according to the analysis of the legal advisors, it is rated as a possible loss for the Company.

III - Lawsuits against the Company and its controlled companies rated as remote losses:

1) Civil Lawsuits

1.a) Company:

ELETROBRÁS has been named as a defendant in an action filed by Brazilian Association of the Consumers of water and Electric Power – ASSOBRAEE with the 17th Federal Court in Brasília. The plaintiff claim the use of the market value of ELETROBRÁS’ shares as the price of the stocks issued for paying compulsory loan credits, instead of the book value currently set as parameter for the issue. The amount claimed totals R$2,397,003, and according to legal advisors, the chance of unfavorable outcome is remote.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

III - Lawsuits against the Company and its controlled companies rated as remote losses (Continued)

 

ELETROBRÁS is also a party to other lawsuits whose purpose is the redemption of the Bearer Bonds issued by the Company in connection with the compulsory loan collected between 1964 and 1976. Pursuant to the provisions of article 4, paragraph 11 of Law No. 4.156/62 and article 1 of Decree No. 20.910/32, these obligations are unenforceable.

The Company’s management, supported by its legal counselors, considers that the possibility of an unfavorable outcome for ELETROBRÁS of these ongoing lawsuits is remote, considering that case law on the issue is unanimous on the statute of limitations period for the right to claim redemption of the obligations issued for the compulsory loan and the unenforceability of these notes (See note 22).

2.a) Controlled companies

CHESF:

Despite considered by CHESF’s legal counselors as a remote risk of loss, there is a collection action filed by the company Mendes Júnior, engaged for the UHE Itaparica construction, claiming for indemnification of alleged financial losses caused by the delayed payment of invoices on the part of the controlled company.

Said collection lawsuit is based on the Declaratory Action found valid for the purposes of declaring the existence of a Mendes Júnior’s credit against CHESF, thus ensuring financial refunding.

After the decision of the Superior Court of Justice to not recognize the special appeal filed by Construtora Mendes Júnior, and confirm the decision of the 2nd Civil Chamber of the Federal Court of Pernambuco, which annulled the decision and determined the remand of the case records to one of Pernambuco’s lower courts, the lawsuit was sent to the 12th Federal Court under number 2000.83.00.014864-7, for a new expert work and render of a new decision.

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

III - Lawsuits against the Company and its controlled companies rated as remote losses (Continued)

 

The expert work report was presented and in reply to CHESF’S question stated “based on an analysis of Mendes Junior’s accounting records, it is impossible to confirm that in the periods of delayed invoice payment, Mendes Junior actually raised funds in the money market, specifically for funding the Itaparica construction works.” This answer was confirmed by the analysis made by CHESF’S Technical Assistant, which included a detailed exam of Mendes Junior’s financial statements. Based on these results, CHESF requested the suit to be considered totally groundless.

The Federal Public Prosecution Office presented its request to nullify the action. And, on the merits of the case, requested the suit to be considered groundless.

The suit was considered valid in part, according to a decision issued on March 8, 2008.

Mendes Júnior filed an appeal for clarification of the sentence, requesting the total approval of the report prepared by the Official Expert. The Federal Public Prosecution Office filed a request for the judgment to be considered entirely groundless.

The appeals filed by Mendes Júnior and Federal Public Prosecution Office were rejected by The Judge of the 12th Federal Court.

CHESF and the Federal Government filed appeals for clarification, both granted by the Judge, whose sentence clarified some of the prior sentence’s points on the assessment of a possible debt owed by CHESF to Mendes Júnior. This sentence clarified the point that determines that, on the assessment of a possible debt owed by CHESF to Mendes Júnior, any and all payments of the principal, and any and all financial compensations paid by CHESF, according to the contract, must be discounted.

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

21.

Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

III - Lawsuits against the Company and its controlled companies rated as remote losses (Continued)

 

CHESF appealed the decision requesting the suit to be considered entirely groundless, since this collection suit required Mendes Júnior to prove that it raised funds specifically for funding the Itaparica construction work, because of the delayed payment of some invoices on the part of CHESF, and in amounts above the late payment fines paid by CHESF, in order to be entitled to any financial compensation, according to the Declaratory Action previously mentioned. In December 2008, the Brazilian Federal Government, CHESF and Mendes Júnior, had already filed appeals, and the period established for the Public Prosecution Office to present its arguments is in progress.

Accordingly, considering the elements already included in the suit, we see that Mendes Júnior has not taken any loan to specifically finance Itaparica’s construction works (or at least, not in the amounts stated). Also considering the calculations already made by CHESF, and that, according to the court decision, all the benefits granted to Mendes Júnior during the execution of the contract must be compensated; CHESF’S legal counsel supports the Company’s management position and considers the probability of unfavorable outcome remote.

2) Tax Lawsuits

2a) Company:

In July 2003, the Federal Internal Revenue Department issued a tax assessment against ELETROBRÁS regarding COFINS (Tax for Social Security Financing), in the amount of R$ 281,702, which totals R$ 514,219 (R$ 482,246 in 2006) after update through December 31, 2007. In December 31, 2008 the tax lawsuit has prescribed.

 

22.

Compulsory Loan

The Compulsory Loan, instituted by Law Nº 4,156/62 to fund the expansion of the Brazilian electric power sector, was eliminated by Law nº 7,181 of December 20, 1983, which established the end of the collection term for December 31, 1993.

During the first five years from 1964, the loan was collected from all the consumers in the respective electric power bills, with redemption foreseen for after 10 years.

Up to 1977 the loan was repaid through issuance of bearer bonds, and since then, due to the changes introduced by Decree-law nº 1,512/76, the issuance of those bonds was discontinued, with collection only from industrial consumers with consumption equal or superior to 2,000 kw/h. This resulted in a simple credit for that kind of consumer against the electric energy concessionaire. The redemption term was extended to 20 years and the monetary restatement of any resulting credits became a requirement.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

22.

Compulsory Loan (Continued)

 

After the conversion in question, the remaining funds collected and recorded as current and long-term liabilities maturing as from 2009 will continue to be remunerated at 6% p.a. plus monetary restatement based on the IPCA-E variation. These funds amount to R$ 215,071 as of December 31, 2008 (December 31, 2007 – R$ 299,084), of which R$ 129,866 in the long-term (December 31, 2007 – R$ 202,375).

Under paragraph 11, article 4 of Law nº 4,156, of November 28, 1962, together with the amendments introduced by article 5 of Decree-law No. 644, of June 23, 1969, the redemption period of these bonds relating to the period from 1964 to 1976 has expired and so has the right to receive any amounts relating to each bond. Accordingly, since July 1, 2002 these bonds may no longer be negotiated. Accordingly, the balance of the Compulsory Loan refers solely to the 1988 – 1994 period residual credits held by industrial consumers with consumption above 2,000 Kwh, collected in the period from 1987 to 1993, and unclaimed interest thereon, with no liabilities related to the Obligations or Bonds.

“Obrigações ao Portador”, issued as a result of the compulsory loan cannot be considered marketable securities, are not traded in Stock Exchange, do not have any quotation and any value. Therefore, the Administration of ELETROBRÁS asserts that the company does not hold any debenture in circulation.

The issuance of these bonds arose from a legal imposition and not from a management decision. Likewise, its ownership did not come from a willful act, but from a legal duty, in accordance with Law nº 4.156/62. To these bonds, therefore, are not applied nor the articles of Law nº 6.404/76 or of Law nº6.385/76. The Brazilian Securities Commission - CVM, textually, that, the “obrigações” issued by ELETROBRÁS, cannot be considered “marketable securities”.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

23.

Advances for Future Capital Increase

The amounts referring to advances for future capital increase in the companies listed below are recorded by ELETROBRÁS under long-term liabilities:

 

     December, 31
    
     2008        2007    
    

Acquisition of stockholding in CEEE

   1,959,715        1,742,265    

Acquisition of stockholding in CGTEE

   1,882,864        1,673,938    

Banabuí–Fortaleza Transmission Line – CHESF

   64,868        57,670    

UHE XINGÓ – CHESF

   182,257        162,034    

Transmission line in the State of Bahia – COELBA

   28,530        25,365    

Federal Electrification Fund - Law 5,073/66

   169,119        150,353    
    
       4,287,353        3,811,625    
    

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity

 

  a)

Capital stock

ELETROBRÁS shares have no par value. Preferred shares are non-voting and non-convertible into common shares, but have priority in capital reimbursement and distribution of dividends at the rates of 8% p.a. for Class “A” shares (subscribed prior to June 23, 1969) and 6% for Class “B” shares (subscribed after June 24, 1969), calculated on the capital corresponding to each class of share.

At December 31, 2008, said capital is distributed among the main stockholders and species of shares as shown below. Capital comprises 1,132,357,090 shares, held as follows:

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity

 

  a)

Capital stock

 

      Number of thousands of shares – 2008            
     Common    Preferred    Total capital
                Shareholder    Number    %        A Series    B Series    %    Number    %
                

Brazilian Government

   488,656,241    53.99      -    35,191,714    15.49      523,847,955    46.26  

BNDESPAR

   133,757,950    14.78      -    -    -      133,757,950    11.81  

National Development Fund

   45,621,589    5.04      -    -    -      45,621,589    4.03  

FGP

   40,000,000    4.42      -    -    -      40,000,000    3.53  

Others

   196,987,747    21.77      146,920    191,994,929    84.51      389,129,596    34.37  
              
   905,023,527    100.00      146,920    227,186,643    100.00      1,132,357,090    100.00  
              

 

      Number of thousands of shares – 2007 and 2006            
     Common    Preferred    Total capital
                Shareholder    Number    %        A Series    B Series    %    Number    %
                

Brazilian Government

   488,656,241    53.99      -    35,191,002    15.69      523,847,243    46.38  

BNDESPAR

   133,757,951    14.78      -    -    -      133,757,951    11.84  

National Development Fund

   45,621,589    5.04      -    -    -      45,621,589    4.04  

FGP

   40,000,000    4.42      -    -    -      40,000,000    3.54  

Others

   196,987,746    21.77      146,920    189,137,053    84.31      386,271,719    34.20  
              
   905,023,527    100.00      146,920    224,328,055    100.00      1,129,498,502    100.00  
              

Of the total 389,129,596 shares held by minority stockholders, 239,401,535 (61,52%) are owned by non-resident investors, 132,867,994 of which are common shares and 106,533,514 are preferred Class “B” shares.

Of the shares owned by investors domiciled abroad, 69,298,867 common shares and 33,438,069 preferred class “B” shares are traded in the form of ADRs in the Level I ADR program. ELETROBRÁS shares in the Level I ADR program are traded in the proportion of 1 ADR to 500 shares, and on the Latin American Exchange Market in Euro (LATIBEX), in the same proportion of 500 shares.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

On December 31, 2008 the book value per shares is R$ 75,61 (R$ 70.79 on december 31, 2007).

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

 

  b)

Capital reserves

The following describes certain reserves that are included in shareholders’ equity:

 

   

Compensation for shortfalls in equity participation – CRC

This refers to differences identified between the return on investment generated by the actual rates and that recorded based on the rates established by the federal government up to 1993, in order to institute the rate parity in the sector.

 

   

Share issue premium

Represents recording of stock subscription premium, construed to be the contribution of the shares subscriber in excess of the corresponding par value and the portion of the issue price of shares with no par value in excess of the amount established for capital formation.

 

   

Special Decree Law 54,936/64

Reserve set up upon correction of translation of the original amount of property, plant and equipment of electricity public utility concessionaires in November 1964.

 

   

Update of opening balance in 1978

Reserve derived from monetary adjustment of property, plant and equipment before Decree Law No. 1,598, dated December 26, 1977, including the special restatement of 1978, as well as that related to maintenance of own working capital.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

 

  b)

Capital reserves

 

   

Reverse Share Split

A 500 (five hundred) for 1 (one) reverse split of the same type of shares representing the Company’s capital, with capital being therefore represented by 1,129,498,502 book-entry shares with no par value, 905,023,527 of which are common shares, 146,920 are preferred class A shares, and 224,328,055 are preferred class B shares, and the Company’s capital value remains unchanged.

ELETROBRÁS shares, via ADR level 1, are being traded at the rate of 1 ADR for 500 shares, and at the same rate of 500 shares on the Latin American Stock Exchange (LATIBEX).

From June 18, 2007 to August 17, 2007, shareholders may at their sole discretion adjust their share positions, per type, through security brokers authorized by BOVESPA, in various 500 (five hundred) share lots so as to avoid share fractions after the reverse split process.

As of August 20, 2007, the shares representing the Company’s capital will be traded exclusively in groups and quoted in Reais per share.

On September 4, 2007, the aggregate of the share fractions resulting from the reverse split will be traded at a BOVESPA auction. The share fractions will be deducted from the shareholders’ positions before the auction, and the amount obtained from the sale will be made available to shareholders owning share fractions on September 14, 2007.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

 

  b)

Capital reserves (Continued)

 

   

Update of compulsory loan of 1987

The Compulsory Loan was introduced in order to expand and improve the Brazilian Electric Sector. The credits from the Compulsory Loan were update by reference to annual variation of the Special Amplified Consumer Price Index – IPCA-E, plus interest of 6% per year, paid through electricity distribution concessionaires by compensation in electricity bills.

In 1998, part of the reserve was converted into capital, encompassing the credits set up in the period 1978 to 1988.

 

   

Fiscal incentive reserve – FINOR, FINAM and others

Reserve resulting from fiscal incentives destined to the Amazon region and Brazil’s Northeast, areas in which subsidiaries CHESF and ELETRONORTE operate.

 

  c)

Appropriated retained earnings

Brazilian Law and the Company’s by-laws require that certain appropriations be made from retained earnings to reserve accounts annually. The purpose and basis of appropriation to such reserves are as follows:

 

   

Legal profit reserve

This reserve is a requirement for all Brazilian corporations and represents the annual appropriation of 5% of net income as stated in the statutory accounting records up to a limit of 20% of capital stock. The reserve may be used to increase capital or to compensate for losses, but may not be distributed as cash dividends.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

 

  c)

Appropriated retained earnings (Continued)

 

   

Statutory profit reserve

In accordance with the Company’s by-laws, 50% of net income should be appropriated to the investment reserve and 1% to the reserve for studies and projects. The statutory reserves - Investments and Studies and Projects are limited, respectively, to 75% and 2% of the capital.

 

  d)

Unappropriated retained earnings (accumulated losses)

This balance represents retained earnings determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP after (i) the allocation of the amount for legal profit reserve (when required) as described in Note 24 (b); (ii) allocation or transfer to or from other reserves as described in Note 24 (b); and (iii) dividends and interest on its own capital in lieu of dividends as described in Note 24 (e).

 

  e)

Dividends and interest on own capital

The Company’s by-laws establish minimum compulsory dividends of 25% of statutory net income adjusted in accordance with corporate law. Preferred Class “A” and Class “B” shares have priority with respect to receipt of an annual dividend up to an amount equivalent to 8% and 6%, respectively, of the book value of the shares. As of January 1, 1996 amounts attributed to shareholders as interest (see below) can be deducted from the minimum dividend computation. Dividends are paid in Brazilian reais. The Company will pay R$ 1,715,254 in dividends (historical amounts) for the year ended December 31, 2008 (R$ 703,486 and R$ 459,549 for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively). No withholding tax is payable on distributions of dividends made since January 1, 1996.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

 

  e)

Dividends and interest on its own capital (Continued)

 

Brazilian corporations are permitted to attribute interest on its own capital, which may either be paid in cash or be used to increase capital stock. The calculation is based on shareholders’ equity amounts as stated in the statutory accounting records and the interest rate applied may not exceed the Taxa de Juros de Longo Prazo (long-term interest rate or the “TJLP”) as determined by the Brazilian Central Bank. Such interest may not exceed the greatest of 50% of net income or 50% of retained earnings plus revenue reserves. Interest on its own capital is subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15%, except for untaxed or exempt shareholders, as established by Law No. 9,249/95.

At December 31, 2008, the Company recorded the minimum mandatory dividend, pursuant Law No. 6,404/76, in the amount of R$ 1,457,418 (R$ 367,616 as of 2007). The total amount of remuneration proposed to shareholders, ad referendum of the General Shareholders’ Meeting, was R$ 1,715,254 (R$ 703,486 as of 2007) and is comprised as follows:

 

     December, 31
    
     2008      2007      2006
    

Common shares

   1,343,855      363,416      119,479    

Preferred class A shares

   319      297      297    

Preferred class B shares

   371,080      339,773      339,773    
    
     1,715,254      703,486      459,549    
    

In accordance with the Company’s by-law and pursuant Law No. 6,404/76, the minimum mandatory dividend and the remuneration proposed to shareholders are calculated based on the Company’s statutory books. The dividends and the final portion of the interest on its own capital are paid on dates established by the General Shareholders’ Meetings. The Shareholders’ General Meetings held April 30, 2009; April 30, 2008; and April 25, 2007, approved the remuneration proposed to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Shareholders’ remuneration was monetarily restated from December 31 to the initial date of payment, according to the variation in the SELIC rate.

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

24.

Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

 

  e)

Dividends and interest on its own capital (Continued)

 

The amount of shareholders’ remuneration recorded in the Company’s current liabilities also comprises unclaimed amounts related to previous years, as well as Company’s undistributed earnings and subsidiaries’ dividends payable to third parties, as follows:

 

     December 31,
    
     2008      2007
    

Current liabilities

       

Minimum compulsory dividends

   1,457,418      367,616    

Unclaimed dividends from prior years

   198,968      177,516    

Subsidiaries’ dividends payable to third parties

   60,230      40,535    
    
   1,716,616      585,667    
    

Undistributed earnings

   9,336,858      8,300,832    
    
       11,053,474      8,886,499    
    

The undistribute earnings was recorded, initially, in 1979 and it has been increasing for some years throughout the 80’s and 90’s due to the unavailability of sufficient financial resources to ensure the payment of all dividends to shareholders of common shares and at the same time to promote investment in the generation and transmission of energy segments.

The value relating to the portion not paid of the common shares dividends totals only R$ 1,036,026. The remaining R$ 8,300,832 refers to the monetary adjustment of the Selic rate, calculated according to the Company by-laws. Due to our cash flow it is impossible to make the full payment of this reserve.

Eletrobras has evaluated some alternatives which contemplate an increase of capital, in which the shareholders will have the right to use part of this dividend in the subscription of new shares. The unused balance of this mentioned reserve in the capital increase will be paid in one installment or in installments, depending on the company cash flow availability.

Due to the magnitude of the value involved, the success of this operation requires a prior negotiation with the majority shareholder - the Federal Government. Once the

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

figures are adjusted, the transaction will be submitted to the “Commissão de Valores Mobiliários” - CVM and subsequent approval of the shareholders at a Shareholders Meeting.

The Administration of Eletrobrás is committed to solve, as soon as possible, this commitment with its shareholders and, in due time, will disclose the details of this transaction and the date for its liquidation.

 

  f)

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Earnings per share are determined based upon the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Entities whose capital structures include securities that may participate in dividends with common stocks according to a predetermined formula should use two-class method of computing earnings per share as described in SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share.

Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts have been calculated as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,
    
     2008      2007      2006
    

Numerator

            

Net income for the year

   8,730,247       655,130       1,026,275     

Less priority preferred shares dividends

   (315,142)      (289,059)      (289,059)    

Preferred A

   (272)      (252)      (252)    

Preferred B

   (314,870)      (288,807)      (288,807)    
    

Remaining net income to be equally allocated to common and preferred shares

   8,415,105       366,071       737,216     
    

Denominator

            

Weighted-average outstanding shares

            

Common

   905,023,527       905,023,527       905,023,527     

Preferred

   227,333,563       224,474,975       224,474,975     
    
       1,132,357,090       1,129,498,502       1,129,498,502     
    

Earnings per thousand shares (basic and diluted)

            

Common

   9.18       0.40       0.81     

Preferred A

   1.85       1.72       1.72     

Preferred B

   1.39       1.29       1.29     

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

25.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses consist of the following:

 

  a)

Electricity purchased for resale

This account refers to the Company’s costs for the acquisition of electric power from other energy companies (hydraulic, thermal, etc.) to provide services to its customers. For the year ended at December 31, 2008, the cost of purchased energy totaled R$ 5,956,745 (R$ 3,904,204 and R$ 2,540,296 for the years ended at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively).

The subsidiary FURNAS Centrais Elétricas S.A. has contracts to purchase energy generated by third parties, including related parties, whose acquisition prices have increased at rates higher than those obtained by the Company at energy auctions. This situation has led to a reduction in the Company’s operating margin, whose management is seeking to obtain from the parent company and regulatory agencies the elimination of the impacts caused by the imbalance.

 

  b)

Payroll and related charges/third-party services/ material and supplies

 

     Year ended December 31,
    
     2008      2007      2006
    

Third-party services

   1,580,527      1,397,405      1,288,354    

Materials and supplies

   271,624      233,513      276,712    

Payroll

   4,195,644      3,778,617      3,185,545    
    
       6,047,795      5,409,535      4,750,611    
    

 

  c)

Operating provisions

 

     Year ended December 31,
    
     2008      2007      2006
    

Contingencies

   345,273      208,753      149,749    

Doubtful accounts

   316,042      435,570      260,726    

Marktable Securities

   -      (9,188)      -    

Others

   112,545      161,138      -    
    
       773,860      796,273      410,475    
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

25.

Operating Costs and Expenses (Continued)

 

  d)

Fuel for electric power production

This refers to the acquisition cost of fuels used in the generation of thermoelectric energy, as follows:

 

   

Oil: used in the generation of thermoelectric energy mainly in the country regions outside the Interconnected System, such as the Northern region (Isolated System).

 

   

Charcoal: used in thermoelectric power plants such as UTE Candiota of Companhia de Geração Térmica de Energia Elétrica (CGTEE).

 

   

Uranium: nuclear fuel used in the energy generation of Angra I and Angra II power plants.

For the year ended at December 31, 2008, the cost of fuel totaled R$ 1,158,856 (R$ 820,780 and R$ 888,564 for the years ended at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively).

 

26.

Financial Income (Expenses), Net

Financial income (expense) consists of the following:

 

     Year ended December 31
    
     2008      2007      2006
    

Financial income

   2,077,126       3,237,214       1,891,974   

Financial expenses

        (2,104,848)      (2,299,884)  

Shareholders’ remuneration restatement

       (1,599,504)      (1,370,808)      (1,526,524)  

Foreign exchange and monetary gain (loss)

   3,952,350       (2,630,983)      (3,283,107)  

Derivatives loss

   685,494       (712,166)      -  
    
   5,115,466       (3,581,591)      (5,217,541)  
    

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives

 

  a)

Embedded derivatives

The Company entered into long-term contracts to provide electrical energy for three of its main clients in Brazil. These long-term contracts were associated to the international aluminum price (LME – London Metal Exchange) as the underlying asset for purposes of defining the monthly values of the contracts. Under the characteristic of the contract, the electrical energy price adjustment related to the LME is an embedded derivative as defined by SFAS 133. The administration consider that these embedded derivatives are classified as level two according to the SFAS 157 valuation framework.

Albras has made an advanced-payment in a total amount of R$ 1,200,000.

The prepayment schedule was as follows:

 

    R$
   
Year   Contracted disbursements   Actual disbursements
     

2004

    300,000     300,000

2005

    500,000     500,000

2006

    250,000     250,000

2007

    150,000     150,000
   

Total

  1,200,000   1,200,000
   

 

     R$
    
Year    Receipts      Payments      Balance
      

2004

   300,000      (15,968    284,032    

2005

   500,000      (29,201    470,799    

2006

   250,000      (29,979    220,021    

2007

   150,000      (32,900    117,100    

2008

   -      (35,686    1,056,266    
    

Total

       1,200,000      (143,734        1,056,266    
            

Current liabilities (other)

           37,778    
            

Long-term liabilities

           1,018,488    
            

 

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CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives (Continued)

 

  a)

Embedded derivatives

The Company performed SFAS 133 – Accounting for Derivative Instruments notes, as amended by SFAS 137, and SFAS 138, recognizing all derivative instruments, including embedded derivative, as asset/liabilities at fair value. The related unrealized gain (loss) on such derivative instrument is recorded as long-term liabilities, on a mark-to-market basis.

The details of the contracts are as follows:

 

       Contract dates       
           
Client      Initial      Maturity      Average megawatt volumes
               

Albrás

     07/01/2004      12/31/2024     

750 MW – until 12/31/2006

800 MW – from 01/01/2007

Alcoa

     07/01/2004      12/31/2024      From 304.92MW to 328MW

BHP

     07/01/2004      12/31/2024      From 353.08MW to 492MW

These contracts include a “cap and floor band” related to the price of the aluminum quoted at London Metal Exchange (LME). The LME “cap and floor band” price is limited to US$ 2,773.21/t and US$ 1,450/t, respectively.

As of December 31, 2008, the Company recorded a derivative asset based on the fair value calculation in the amount of R$ 92,690. The derivative gain is deferred on the balance sheet. See below the amount recorded by contract:

 

Client    2008      2007      2006
      

Albrás

   39,250      308,540      533,800    

Alcoa

   30,630      162,480      267,700    

BHP

   22,810      121,000      206,800    
    

Total

               92,690      592,020      1,008,300    
    

The Company had no other derivative instruments in the years presented.

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives (Continued)

 

  b)

Derivatives

1 - Policy

The Company has a mismatch between its foreign currency receivables and payables mainly arising from the receivables of its jointly-owned controlled company ITAIPU Binacional. These refer to its financing contracts and low indebtedness, which make the company subject to impacts on its assets and results, due to exchange rate fluctuations, particularly of the US dollar.

As from 2008, Eletrobrás started to enter into derivative agreements with the purpose of managing its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations.

The Company’s policy on derivatives does not establish the use of derivatives with the purpose of credit granting, fund raising, or any kind of financial assistance. Its sole purpose is hedging Company’s assets from exchange rate variations.

2 - Objectives and strategies

Within the extent of its hedge policy, in 2008 the Company executed operations that amounted to US$ 280,000 thousand to protect the receivables maturing until the end of that year. The Company made use of non-deliverable forwards based on the US dollar, matching the maturities of the contracts with the due dates of service receivables of the jointly-owned controlled company Itaipu Binacional.

As the Company had not previously used this kind of financial instrument, it created internal controls to monitor the transactions, record positions and mark the portfolio to the market.

The Company also monitors the parameters that affect the projection of exchange rate fluctuations, in order to check the adequacy of the Company’s elected strategy to the risk profile and purpose of the hedging policy established by the Company’s management.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives (Continued)

 

  b)

Derivatives

2 - Objectives and strategies

These controls have been efficient, so far, both for the management of the portfolio and for providing accounting information necessary to the recognition of the portfolio’s results.

Currently, Company is studying the possibility of expanding the scope of its hedge policy to encompass other market risk factors, such as indices, interest rates, and host contracts (embedded derivatives).

3 - Risks

The derivative portfolio amount varies according to the US dollar rate variation and domestic interest rates in Brazilian reais (future inter-bank deposits) and in US dollars (coupon rate). Accordingly, the volatility of these risk factors affects the result of the derivatives. This risk, however, is reduced by the receivables that support the transactions before maturity, the recognition of exchange gains/losses and of gains/losses at maturity, and the receipt of the corresponding asset cash flow, which is also valued by the exchange rate in effect.

As the transactions were hired in the over-the-counter market, there is also the risk of the counterpart, that is, the possibility of default by the corresponding financial institution. To reduce this risk, the Company only signs contracts with banks minimum rated as investment grade.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives (Continued)

 

  b)

Derivatives

4 - Fair value of derivatives

As of December 31, 2008, there were no outstanding operations with derivatives in the portfolio, and, therefore, there is no fair value to be determined.

The methodology to calculate the fair value of transactions was developed by the Company’s risk area based on well-known methods usually adopted in the market (mark to market). Briefly, for the derivatives currently included in the portfolio, the process consists in estimating the break-even price for each contract, at maturity, according to (1) spot rate, (2) domestic interest rate in Brazilian reais (future inter-bank deposits), and (3) domestic interest rate in US dollars (coupon rate). The comparison between the price calculated this way, and the price negotiated in each contract provides an estimate of future gain/loss, which is adjusted to present value by fixed interest rate in Brazilian reais (future inter-bank deposits).

5 – Breakdown of the derivative portfolio

As of December 31, 2008, there were no outstanding operations. Negative financial adjustments, generated by the operations in the year 2008 amounted to R$124,345.

Such negative adjustments were caused by the inversion of the trend of the US dollar rate that, after almost five years of devaluation, started having valuation after August 2008, following the reductions in the prices of main commodities, especially after October 2008, due to the worsening of the international financial crisis. In view of the hedge logics used in the operations, as well as of the large fluctuation of the futures market and the short time until the maturities of the contracts, the Company decided to settle the derivative contracts and did not reverse them.

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives (Continued)

 

  c)

Management of funds

ELETROBRÁS’ and subsidiaries’ investments are largely represented by long-term loans and financing as well as investments in concession holders of public electric power services.

The loans and financing granted are related to ELETROBRÁS function as the financing agent of the Brazilian electricity sector and are remunerated based on the average rate of 9.73% p.a. (8.99% p.a. in 2007).

Under the Company’s by-laws, ELETROBRÁS may only grant financing to concession holders of public electric power services. The market rate (the opportunity cost of the Company’s capital) is therefore defined taking into account a risk premium compatible with the activities of the sector, and does not vary significantly from such current rates. Although the shares of these companies may be traded on the stock exchange, the reduced volume of business does not constitute an active market, nor do the prices necessarily represent the amounts that would be obtained if a significant number of shares were to be traded. It is therefore not possible to determine a market price for these assets, in order to allow proper comparison with book values.

The main accounts included in non-current liabilities are loans and financing, the Compulsory Loan and the Global Reversal Reserve (RGR).

Loans and financing comprise financing by international agencies - BID, BIRD, CAF etc. It is therefore not feasible to discount these loans at rates other than those stipulated in the Brazilian loan agreement. Other loans are obtained at international rates, and their carrying value approximates fair value.

The Compulsory Loan was extinguished by Law No. 7,181, of December 20, 1993, which established December 31, 1993 as the last date for collection. ELETROBRÁS currently manages the proceeds of the Compulsory Loan, which are indexed according to the IPCA-E variation and remunerated at a rate of 6% p.a., with fixed redemption dates. Given the restrictions on investment, the fair value of these loans can not be reasonable estimated.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

27.

Financial Instruments and Derivatives (Continued)

 

  d)

Foreign currency risk

A relevant portion of the Company’s assets and of the results of its operations is significantly affected by the exchange rate risk, especially as regards the United States dollar. At December 31, 2008, the Company had credits deriving from financing granted in foreign currency in the amount of R$ 21,051,270, which is equivalent to US$ 9,007,818.

When comparing debt and receivables in foreign currency, the former are covered by the latter by some 5.1 times as of December 31, 2008. Additionally, payment and collection terms are also compatible.

ELETROBRÁS and subsidiaries do not utilize foreign currency derivative instruments, as management considers that the balance and the realization of receivables in foreign currency are sufficient for the Company to comply with its commitments.

 

28.

Segment Information

The Company’s business segments are currently defined as follows:

Generation

Engages in ventures involving energy and power plant operations, with its generation complex having hydraulic, thermal, thermonuclear and other power plants, aimed at producing electric power for priority domestic supply. The generation of electricity at its hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear power plants, which the company sells to both distribution companies and free consumers.

Transmission

Constructs and operates transmission lines with a view to transferring large electricity volumes from the generating facilities to the distribution system, thereby interconnecting the several country regions via a national grid.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

28.

Segment Information (Continued)

 

Distribution

Explores the construction and operation of electric power distribution networks in urban centers intended for end consumers. Today ELETROBRÁS owns seven energy distributors (Boa Vista Energia, Manaus Energia, Companhia Energética de Alagoas - CEAL, Companhia Energética do Piauí - CEPISA, Companhia de Eletricidade do Acre -Eletroacre and Centrais Elétricas de Rondônia - CERON).

Corporate

The items that cannot be attributed to the other areas are allocated to the group of corporate entities, especially those linked with corporate financial management, overhead related with central administration and other expenses, including actuarial expenses related with the pension and health-care plans for non-active participants.

The accounting information by business area was prepared based on the assumption of controllability, for the purpose of attribution to the business areas only items over which these areas have effective control.

The main criteria used to record the results and assets by business segments are summarized as follows:

 

   

Net operating revenues - considered to be the revenues from sales to third parties, plus revenues between the business segments, based on internal transfer prices.

 

   

Costs and expenses includes the costs of products and services sold, calculated per business segment, based on the internal transfer price and the other operating costs of each segment, as well as operating expenses, based on the expenses actually incurred in each segment.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

28.

Segment Information (Continued)

 

The following tables presents the Company’s assets and results by segments:

 

    December 31, 2008
   
Assets     Administration    Distribution    Generation    Transmission    Total
     

Property, plant and equipment, net

  900,345    2,036,161    53,125,207    22,573,853    78,635,566   
    December 31, 2007
   
Assets     Administration    Distribution    Generation    Transmission    Total
     

Property, plant and equipment, net

  741,027    379,922    51,828,723    22,429,877    75,379,549   

 

                 December 31, 2008
      
            Corporate          Distribution      Generation        Transmission    Total
      

Net operating revenues

                

Electricity sales

     -    2,855,787     24,120,521    4,639,388      31,615,696  

Other operating revenues

     480,960    7,185     115,095    188,675      791,915  

Taxes on revenues

     -    (330,120)     (654,487)    -      (984,607)  

Regulatory charges on revenues

     -    (180,833)     (677,223)    (333,617)      (1,191,673)  
                  

Total net operating revenues

                 30,231,331  
                  

Operating costs and expenses

                

Electricity purchased for resale

     -    (1,894,585)     (4,062,159)    -      (5,956,744)  

Fuel for electric power production

     -       (1,158,856)    -      (1,158,856)  

Use of basic transmission network

     -    (283,478)     (817,742)    -      (1,101,220)  

Depreciation and amortization

     (11,446)    (66,377)     (2,189,292)    (1,462,099)      (3,729,214)  

Payroll and related charges

     (491,409)    (76,398)     (3,722,238)    (1,757,750)      (6,047,795)  

Taxes

     (176,390)    (101,865)     (1,062,639)    (123,915)      (1,464,809)  

Deferred loss from ITAIPU

     -       (405,793)       (405,793)  

Operating provisions

     (179,777)    (94,071)     (410,705)    (89,307)      (773,860)  

Donations e contributions

     (217,913)       -    -      (217,913)  

Remuneration and reimbursement

     -       (1,722,239)    -      (1,722,239)  

Impairment

     -       (737,552)    (32,679)      (770,231)  

Others

     (57,788)    (57,788)     (426744)    (128,637)      (659,633)  
                  

Total operating costs and expenses

                     (24,008,308)  
                  

Financial income (expenses), net

 

     (1,408,165)

 

   133,315 

 

   6,367,323

 

   22,992  

 

   5,115,466  

 

                  

Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

                 11,338,487  
                  

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies

     665,533             665,533  

Income taxes

                

Current

     (1,104,657)    2,076,524     (2,000,431)    (1,737,943)      (2,766,506)  

Deferred

     (262,431)    493,316     (475,238)    (412,879)      (657,233)  
                  
                 (3,423,739)  
                  

Minority interests

     (12,883)             (12,833)  
                  

Net income for the year

                 8,567,447  
                  

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

28.

Segment Information (Continued)

 

     December 31, 2007
     Corporate    Distribution    Generation    Transmission    Total

Net operating revenues

              

Electricity sales

   -    3,746,428    19,179,986    3,852,130    26,778,544  

Other operating revenues

   315,678    4,715    75,542    123,837    519,772  

Taxes on revenues

   -    (315,116)    (563,106)    -    (878,222)  

Regulatory charges on revenues

   -    (191,209)    (716,077)    (352,757)        (1,260,043)  
                

Total net operating revenues

               25,160,051  

Operating costs and expenses

              

Electricity purchased for resale

   -    (1,260,294)    (2,643,910)    -    (3,904,204)  

Fuel for electric power production

   -    -    (820,780)    -    (820,780)  

Use of basic transmission network

   -    (244,962)    (706,637)    -    (951,599)  

Depreciation and amortization

   (8,751)    (50,746)    (1,673,741)    (1,117,793)    (2,851,031)  

Payroll and related charges

   (439,548)    (68,335)    (3,329,408)    (1,572,244)    (5,409,535)  

Taxes

   (136,265)    (78,692)    (820,908)    (95,726)    (1,131,591)  

Deferred loss from ITAIPU

         (432,318)       (432,318)  

Operating provisions

   (184,984)    (96,796)    (422,600)    (91,893)    (796,273)  

Donations e contributions

   (198,990)    -    -    -    (198,990)  

Remuneration and reimbursement

   -    -    (1,677,902)    -    (1,677,902)  

Impairment

      -    (599,822)    (299,686)    (899,508)  

Others

   (126,268)    (157,038)    (1,159,678)    (348,105)    (1,791,089)  
                

Total operating costs and expenses

               (20,864,820)  
                

Financial income (expenses), net

   664,708    (62,930)    (4,172,516)    (10,853)    (3,581,591)  
                

Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

               713,640  
                

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   740,153    -    -    -    740,153  

Income taxes

              

Current

   (1,522,347)    2,861,695    (982,055)    (2,395,089)    (2,037,796)  

Deferred

   1,796,042    (3,376,188)    (22,199)    2,825,694    1,223,349  
                
               (814,447)  
                

Minority interests

   15,786    -    -    -    15,786  
                

Net income for the year

               655,130  
                

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

28.

Segment Information (Continued)

 

     December 31, 2006
     Corporate    Distribution    Generation    Transmission    Total

Net operating revenues

              

Electricity sales

      3.455.117     16.191.804     3.378.879     23.025.800  

Fuel consumption subsidies

               -  

Other operating revenues

   450.248     6.726     107.745     176.628     741.347  

Taxes on revenues

      (385.885)    (465.555)       (851.440) 

Regulatory charges on revenues

      (141.347)    (529.346)    (260.769)    (931.462) 
                

Total net operating revenues

               21.984.244  
                

Operating costs and expenses

              

Electricity purchased for resale

      (1.258.619)    (1.281.677)       (2.540.296) 

Fuel for electric power production

         (888.564)       (888.564) 

Use of basic transmission network

      (234.573)    (676.668)       (911.241) 

Emergency capacity charges

               -  

Depreciation and amortization

   (10.325)    (59.877)    (1.974.906)    (1.318.923)    (3.364.031) 

Payroll and related charges

   (386.007)    (60.011)    (2.923.860)    (1.380.733)    (4.750.611) 

Taxes

   (113.978)    (65.822)    (686.647)    (80.070)    (946.517) 

Deferred loss from ITAIPU

         1.790.799        1.790.799  

Operating provisions

   (95.358)    (49.898)    (217.848)    (47.370)    (410.475) 

Interests and fines

               -  

Donations e contributions

   (196.904)             (196.904) 

Remuneration and reimbursement

         (1.794.992)       (1.794.992) 

Others

   (105.273)    (137.058)    (1.026.616)    (319.606)    (1.588.553) 
                

Total operating costs and expenses

                   (15.601.388) 
                

Financial income (expenses), net

   1.930.382     (182.754)    (6.933.649)    (31.519)    (5.217.540) 
                

Income before income taxes, minority interests and equity in earnings of affiliated companies

               1.165.315  
                

Equity in earnings of affiliated companies

   361.667              361.667  

Income taxes

              

Current

   (518.890)    975.404     (939.661)    (816.363)    (1.299.510) 

Deferred

   292.273     (549.412)    529.279     459.829     731.969  
                
               (567.540) 
                

Minority interests

   66.833              66.833  
                

Net income for the year

               1.026.275  
                

 

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AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

29.

Commitments

The Company has outstanding contractual obligations and commitments which include the construction of plants and energy supplies (electricity auction contracts).

 

  a)

Existing energy

ELETRONORTE did not sell any energy in auctions in 2006 for long-term energy supply. However, it is worth emphasizing the Existing Electricity Auctions held in April 2005 and December 2006. At the first auction, the company sold 90 MW for delivery from 2008, for an eight-year term, for R$ 83.47/MWh, obtaining total revenues of R$ 526,823, that is, R$ 65,853 per year. At the second auction the company sold 50 MW for delivery as from 2007, also in contracts of eight years, for R$ 105.00/MWh, obtaining total revenues of R$ 367,720, that is, R$ 45,965 per year. This allowed the company to accomplish its sale strategy, aimed at having all of its assured power contracted while maintaining UHE Tucuruí remuneration.

This year the Company increased its short-term energy sales, obtaining sales performance of approximately 188,846 MW and R$ 254,815 in revenues.

During 2006, FURNAS has successfully participated in several bids for energy sale to end-consumers and traders, under the Free Contracting Ambience (ACL), becoming one of the main agents in this segment.

 

  b)

New energy

By means of an energy auction organized by ANEEL concerning new ventures, in accordance with the rules set forth by Law 10.848 of March 15, 2004, regulated by Decree No. 5163 of July 30, 2004, ELETROSUL obtained authorization to build and operate the hydroelectric plants mentioned below, and it also sold the energy to be generated by said plants under the Regulated Contracted Ambience– ACR:

 

  i)

UHE Passo São João, with 77MW capacity, traded an average 37MW for R$ 113.22 MWh, to be supplied in the period from January 2010 to December 2040, at an auction held in 2005.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

29.

Commitments (Continued)

 

  b)

New energy (Continued)

 

  ii)

UHE Mauá, with 362MW capacity, traded an average 197.7MW for R$ 112.96 MWh, supplied in the period from January 2011 to December 2041, at an auction held in 2006. This plant was acquired in a partnership with COPEL, which holds 51% of this venture, organized as a consortium.

 

30.

Global Reversal Reserve (RGR)

ELETROBRÁS is responsible for managing the Global Reversal Reserve (RGR), a fund created with a view to covering expenses incurred by the Federal Government with the payment of indemnities referring to the reversal of public electric power concessions. RGR resources are invested in the Brazilian electricity sector financing, improvement of the service and the National Electric Power Preservation Program - PROCEL, besides financing the programs RELUZ and LUZ PARA TODOS and the Incentive Program for Alternative Sources of Electric Power - PROINFA.

The Global Reversal Reserve is funded by contributions from the concession holders of the public electric power service, which provide a quota for the reversal and expropriation of electric power services equivalent to 2.5% of the amount invested by concession and permission holders, limited to 3% of gross annual revenues. The quota value is computed as part of the service cost.

The concessionaires deposit their annual quotas for the Global Reversal Reserve in twelve equal parts, up to the last business day of each month, in a bank account created for this specific purpose. ELETROBRÁS manages the Global Reversal Reserve in compliance with Law No. 5,655/71 and subsequent amendments.

Accordingly, the RGR funds are used in specific investment projects, as follows:

 

  a)

Financing provided to the concession and permission holders as well as to rural electrification cooperatives with a view to expanding electric power distribution services (especially in rural and low-income areas) and to developing an energy saving program.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

30.

Global Reversal Reserve (RGR) (Continued)

 

  b)

Investments in installations for power generation using renewable energy (wind, solar, biomass) as well as small hydroelectric power plants and thermoelectric power plants in association with small hydroelectric power plants.

 

  c)

Specific investment projects for studies involving inventory and feasibility of potential water resources.

 

  d)

Investments in the implementation of power generators up to 5000 kW, intended exclusively for public services in communities using an isolated electric power system.

 

  e)

Incentive Program for Alternative Sources of Electric Power – PROINFA, created by Law No. 10.438 of April 26, 2002 and reviewed by Law No. 10.762 of November 11, 2003, the objective of which is to diversify the Brazilian energetic matrix and seek regional solutions through the use of renewable energy sources based on the economic use of available input and applicable technology. The goal is to increase the share of electric power produced through those sources by implementing 3,300 MW of capacity.

 

  f)

For the National Program for Efficient Public Lighting (RELUZ), with investments to be made by ELETROBRÁS estimated at about R$ 2 billion that aims at rendering efficient 5 million points of public lighting and install one million more in Brazil. The program expects to cover up to 96% of the potential of energy saving of the national network of public lighting, currently consisting of 13 points of public lighting.

 

  g)

For the National Program for Energy Conservation (PROCEL), a federal government program implemented in December 1985 aimed at energy saving both in production and consumption, helping to improve the quality of products and services, reducing the environmental impact and encouraging job creation.

 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

30.

Global Reversal Reserve (RGR) (Continued)

 

  h)

For the Universalization of the Access to Electric Power - LUZ PARA TODOS program, of the Ministry of Mining and Energy, the objective of which is to take electric power to 12 million people by 2008. The cost of the program is estimated at R$ 7 billion, with R$ 5.3 billion coming from the Energetic Development Account (CDE) and the Global Reversal Reserve (RGR), and the remaining portion from state governments and sector agents. In addition to managing funds, Eletrobrás is in charge of giving technical support for state energy concessionaires to implement the program; and

 

  i)

For the Ribeirinhas project, carried out in regions where communities are largerly scattered and to which access is difficult due to the type of soil and the rainy season. Its basic assumption is the use of renewable natural resources existing in several places where electric power cannot be supplied by extending the transmission network.

The reserve bears interest of 5% p.a. The funds withdrawn as of December 31, 2008 total R$ 7,193,770 (December 31, 2006 – R$ 6,769,011).

ELETROBRÁS is also responsible for managing the Use of Public Assets – UBP’s sectoral resources set-up with contributions from the Independent Electric Power Producers (PIE), also destined to the electric system expansion and improvement.

Additionally, under the managerial responsibility of ELETROBRÁS is the Conta de Desenvolvimento Energético – CDE (Energetic Development Account), a federal fund aimed at promoting energy development from alternative sources in the areas assisted by the interlinked system, and financing the universalization of the public electric power service. The Fund is valid for 25 years, starting in 2004, and arises from payments for the use of public assets and fines charged by ANEEL to concessionaires, permit-holders and other entities authorized to explore the electricity service, whose financial operations do not affect the Company’s financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

  31.

Other Information

 

2008
Column A    Balance at the
beginning of period
  

Charge to cost

and expenses

  

Column E -
balance at the

  End of the period  

Allowance for doubtful accounts - accounts receivable

   1,749,396    (202,429)          1,546,967

Allowance for doubtful accounts - loans and financing receivable

         80,630    37,045               117,675

Allowance for doubtful accounts - deferred regulatory assets

       240,154    (215,030)                25,124

Commitments and contingencies

   2,347,287    (297,042)          2,050,245

Impairment

       730,233    39,998               770,231

Decomissioning of nuclear power plant

       191,327    74,841               266,168
    

Total

   5,339,027    (562,617)          4,776,410
    

 

 

2007

Column A    Balance at the
beginning of period
  

Charge to cost

and expenses

  

Column E -
balance at the

  End of the period  

Allowance for doubtful accounts - accounts receivable

   1,341,336    408,060           1,749,396

Allowance for doubtful accounts - loans and financing receivable

         51,629    29,001                 80,630

Allowance for doubtful accounts - deferred regulatory assets

       351,988    (111,834)              240,154

Commitments and contingencies

    3,527,626    (1,180,339)           2,347,287

Impairment

       715,296    14,937               730,233

Decomissioning of nuclear power plant

       204,620    (13,293)              191,327
    

Total

   6,192,495    (853,468)          5,339,027
    

 

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Table of Contents

CENTRAIS ELÉTRICAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. - ELETROBRÁS

AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

(Amounts expressed in thousands of Brazilian reais, unless otherwise indicated)

 

  31.

Other Information (Continued)

 

2006
Column A    Balance at the
beginning of period
  

Charge to cost

and expenses

  

Column E -
balance at the

  End of the period  

Allowance for doubtful accounts - accounts receivable

   843,205              498,131          1,341,336        

Allowance for doubtful accounts - loans and financing receivable

   471,366              (419,737)          51,629        

Allowance for doubtful accounts - deferred regulatory assets

   -              351,988          351,988        

Commitments and contingencies

   3,432,903              94,723          3,527,626        

Impairment

   653,885              61,411          715,296        

Decomissioning of nuclear power plant

   200,018              4,602          204,620        
    

Total

   5,601,377              591,118          6,192,495        
    

 

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