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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

12. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 reflects current taxes, deferred taxes, and withholding taxes. The effective tax rate for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was 0%. The valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2020, was $50,145, an increase of $2,336 from $47,809 as of December 31, 2019.

Excess tax benefits of $255 and $191 were recognized in the provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which were offset by $255 and $191 of valuation allowance, respectively.