As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 2013
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
BRIGHT HORIZONS FAMILY SOLUTIONS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 8351 | 80-0188269 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary standard industrial classification code number) |
(I.R.S. employer identification number) |
200 Talcott Avenue South
Watertown, Massachusetts 02472
(617) 673-8000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
David Lissy
Chief Executive Officer
200 Talcott Avenue South
Watertown, Massachusetts 02472
(617) 673-8000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Craig E. Marcus Ropes & Gray LLP Prudential Tower 800 Boylston Street Boston, Massachusetts Telephone: (617) 951-7000 Facsimile: (617) 951-7050 |
John G. Casagrande General Counsel 200 Talcott Avenue South Watertown, Massachusetts 02472 Telephone: (617) 673-8000 Facsimile: (617) 673-8629 |
D. Rhett Brandon Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP 425 Lexington Avenue New York, New York, 10017 Telephone: (212) 455-2000 Facsimile: (212) 455-2502 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ¨
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one).
Large accelerated Filer ¨ |
Accelerated filer ¨ | |
Non-accelerated filer x |
Smaller reporting company ¨ | |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
Amount to be Registered(1) |
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share(2) |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(2) |
Amount of Registration Fee | ||||
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share |
8,625,000 | $37.48 | $323,265,000 | $41,637 | ||||
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(1) | Includes 1,125,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares of common stock. |
(2) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In accordance with Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the price shown is the average of the high and low selling prices of the common stock on November 7, 2013 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion dated November 8, 2013
7,500,000 Shares
Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc.
Common Stock
The selling stockholders identified in this prospectus are selling 7,500,000 shares of common stock of Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol BFAM. On November 7, 2013, the last sale price of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange was $37.62 per share.
Investing in our common stock involves substantial risks. See Risk Factors beginning on page 15 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed on the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per share | Total | |||||||
Public offering price |
$ | $ | ||||||
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1) |
$ | $ | ||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to selling stockholders |
$ | $ |
(1) | We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses in connection with this offering. See Underwriting. |
The selling stockholders have granted the underwriters an option for a period of up to 30 days to purchase up to an additional 1,125,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price less the underwriting discount.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on or about , 2013.
Goldman, Sachs & Co. | J.P. Morgan |
Barclays |
BofA Merrill Lynch | Credit Suisse |
Baird | William Blair | BMO Capital Markets | RBC Capital Markets | Stifel |
Prospectus dated , 2013
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
43 | |||
66 | ||||
84 | ||||
103 | ||||
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Material U.S. Federal Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders of Common Stock |
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F-1 |
We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.
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Market and Other Industry Data
Although we are responsible for all of the disclosure contained in this prospectus, we rely on and refer to information regarding the child care industry, which has been compiled from market research reports, census data and other publicly available information. Other industry and market data included in this prospectus are from internal analyses based upon data available from known sources or other proprietary research and analysis. We believe this data to be accurate as of the date of this prospectus. However, this information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limitations on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties.
Trademarks, Service Marks and Copyrights
We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate names, logos and website names. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. The trademarks we own include Bright Horizons®. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ©, ® and symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights.
Our Initial Public Offering
On January 30, 2013, we completed our initial public offering. Prior to the completion of our initial public offering, we amended our certificate of incorporation to effect a 1-for-1.9704 reverse split of our Class A common stock, converted each outstanding share of Class L common stock into 35.1955 shares of our Class A common stock and reclassified our Class A common stock into common stock. At the time of such conversion and reclassification, in accordance with the terms of our equity incentive plans and our outstanding awards thereunder, outstanding options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and Class L common stock became options to purchase shares of our common stock with appropriate adjustments to the exercise price per share and the number of shares underlying each such award. Unless otherwise indicated, all share data gives effect to the reverse split of our Class A common stock, the conversion of all shares of our Class L common stock into shares of our Class A common stock and the subsequent reclassification of our Class A common stock into common stock and related adjustments to our outstanding options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and Class L common stock, which we refer to collectively as the reclassification.
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This summary highlights information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the financial data and related notes and the section entitled Risk Factors before deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to the Company, Bright Horizons, we, us and our refer to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References in this prospectus to years are to our fiscal years, which end on December 31. All information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares, unless otherwise noted.
Our Company
We are a leading provider of high-quality child care and early education services as well as other services designed to help employers and families better address the challenges of work and life. We provide services primarily under multi-year contracts with employers who offer child care and other dependent care solutions as part of their employee benefits packages to improve employee engagement, productivity, recruitment and retention. As of September 30, 2013, we had more than 850 client relationships with employers across a diverse array of industries, including more than 130 Fortune 500 companies and 80 of Working Mother magazines 2013 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers. Our service offerings include:
| Center-based full service child care and early education (representing approximately 86% of our revenue in the year ended December 31, 2012); |
| Back-up dependent care; and |
| Educational advisory services. |
We believe we are a provider of choice for each of the solutions we offer. As of September 30, 2013, we operated a total of 880 child care and early education centers across a wide range of customer industries with the capacity to serve approximately 99,300 children in the United States, as well as in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, Canada and India. We have achieved satisfaction ratings of greater than 95% among respondents in our employer and parent satisfaction surveys over each of the past five years and an annual client retention rate of 97% for employer-sponsored centers over each of the past ten years.
We have a more than 25-year track record of providing high-quality services and a history of strong financial performance. From 2001 through 2012, we have achieved year-over-year revenue and adjusted EBITDA growth at a compound annual growth rate of 11% for revenue and 18% for adjusted EBITDA. We also achieved year-over-year net income growth at a compound annual growth rate of 23% from 2001 to 2007. In 2008 through 2010, we incurred net losses due primarily to the additional debt service obligations and amortization expense incurred in connection with our going private transaction. In 2011 and 2012, our net income grew $14.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, over the prior year to $4.8 million and $8.5 million, respectively. Our strong revenue growth has been driven by additions to our center base through organic center growth and acquisitions, expansions of our service offerings to back-up dependent care and educational advisory services and consistent annual tuition increases. We have also increased our adjusted EBITDA margin in each year from 2001 through 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2012, and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we generated revenue of $1.07 billion and $899.6 million, net income (loss) of $8.5 million and $(11.3) million, which net loss included a loss on extinguishment of debt of $63.7 million related to our
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debt refinancing in January 2013, adjusted EBITDA of $180.9 million and $155.2 million and adjusted net income of $37.8 million and $57.1 million, respectively. Additional information regarding adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income, including a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income to net income, is included in Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data.
Our Business Models
We provide our center-based child care services under two general business models: a profit and loss (P&L) model, where we assume the financial risk of operating a child care center; and a cost-plus model, where we are paid a fee by an employer client for managing a child care center on a cost-plus basis. Our P&L model is further classified into two subcategories: (i) a sponsor model, where we provide child care and early education services on either an exclusive or priority enrollment basis for the employees of a specific employer sponsor; and (ii) a lease/consortium model, where we provide child care and early education services to the employees of multiple employers located within a specific real estate development (for example, an office building or office park), as well as to families in the surrounding community. In both our cost-plus and sponsor P&L models, the development of a new child care center, as well as ongoing maintenance and repair, is typically funded by an employer sponsor with whom we enter into a multi-year contractual relationship. In addition, employer sponsors typically provide subsidies for the ongoing provision of child care services for their employees. We also provide back-up dependent care services through our own centers and through our Back-Up Care Advantage (BUCA) program, which offers access to a contracted network of in-home care agencies and approximately 2,500 center-based providers in locations where we do not otherwise have centers with available capacity.
Industry Overview
We compete in the global market for child care and early education services as well as the market for work/life services offered by employers as benefits to employees. Families in the United States spent approximately $43 billion on licensed group child care in 2007. The child care industry can generally be subdivided into center-based and home-based child care. We operate in the center-based market, which is highly fragmented, with over 90% of providers operating fewer than 10 centers, and the top 10 providers comprising less than 10% of the market.
The center-based child care market includes both retail and employer-sponsored centers and can be further divided into full-service centers and back-up centers. The employer-sponsored model, which has been central to our business since we were founded in 1986, is characterized by a single employer or consortium of employers entering into a long-term contract for the provision of child care at a center located at or near the sponsors worksite. The sponsor generally funds the development as well as ongoing maintenance and repair of a child care center at or near its worksite and subsidizes the provision of child care services to make them more affordable for its employees.
Additionally, we compete in the growing markets for back-up dependent care and educational advisory services, and we believe we are the largest and one of the only multi-national providers of back-up dependent care services.
Industry Trends
We believe that the following key factors contribute to growth in the markets for employer-sponsored child care and for back-up dependent care and educational advisory services:
| Increasing Participation by Women and Two Working Parent Families in the Workforce |
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| Greater Demand for High-Quality Center-Based Child Care and Early Education. |
| Recognized Return on Investment to Employers. |
| Growing Global Demand for Child Care and Early Education Services. |
Our History
We were listed on Nasdaq from 1998 to May 2008, when we were acquired by investment funds affiliated with Bain Capital Partners, LLC, which we refer to as our going private transaction. Since then, we have continued to grow through challenging economic times while investing in our future. We have grown our international footprint to become a leader in the center-based child care market in the United Kingdom and have expanded into the Netherlands and India as a platform for further international expansion. In the United States, we have enhanced and grown our back-up dependent care services while adding a new educational advisory service for existing employer clients. We have also expanded our sales force with a specific focus on cross-selling opportunities to our employer clients. We have invested in new technologies to better support our full suite of services and expanded our marketing efforts with additional focus on maximizing occupancy levels in centers where we can improve our economics with increased enrollment. On January 30, 2013, we completed our initial public offering. Upon the completion of the initial public offering, our common stock was listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol BFAM.
Our Competitive Strengths
Market Leading Service Provider
We believe we are the leader in the markets for employer-sponsored center-based child care and back-up dependent care, and that the breadth, depth and quality of our service offeringsdeveloped over a successful 25-year-plus historyrepresent significant competitive advantages. We have approximately five times more employer-sponsored centers in the United States than our closest competitor, according to Child Care Information Exchanges 2010 Employer Child Care Trend Report. We believe the broad geographic reach of our child care centers, with targeted clusters in areas where we believe demand is generally higher and where income demographics are attractive, provides us with an effective platform to market our services to current and new clients.
Collaborative, Long-term Relationships with Diverse Customer Base
We have more than 850 client relationships with employers across a diverse array of industries, including more than 130 of the Fortune 500 companies, with our largest client contributing less than 3% of our revenue in 2012 and our largest 10 clients representing less than 13% of our revenue in that year. Our business model places an emphasis on multi-year employer sponsorship contracts where our clients typically fund the development of new child care centers at or near to their worksites and frequently support the ongoing operations of these centers.
Our multiple touch points with both employers and employees give us unique insight into the corporate culture of our clients. This enables us to identify and provide innovative and tailored solutions to address our clients specific work/life needs. In addition to full service center-based care, we provide access to a multi-national back-up dependent care network and educational advisory support, allowing us to offer various combinations of services to best meet the needs of specific clients or specific locations for a single client. Our tailored, collaborative approach to employer-sponsored child care has resulted in an annual client retention rate for employer-sponsored centers of approximately 97% over each of the past ten years.
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Commitment to Quality
Our business is anchored in the consistent provision of high-quality service offerings to employers and families. We have therefore designed our child care centers to meet or exceed applicable accreditation and rating standards in all of our key markets, including in the United States through the National Academy of Early Childhood Programs, a division of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), and in the United Kingdom through the ratings of the Office of Standards in Education. We believe that our voluntary commitment to achieving accreditation standards offers a competitive advantage in securing employer sponsorship opportunities and in attracting and retaining families because an increasing number of potential and existing employer clients require adherence to accreditation criteria. In the United States, NAEYC accreditation, which is optional and can take two to three years to complete, has been achieved by fewer than 10% of child care centers as compared to more than 70% of our eligible centers.
We maintain our proprietary curriculum at the forefront of early education practices by introducing elements that respond to the changing expectations and views of society and new information and theories about the ways in which children learn and grow. We also believe that strong adult-to-child ratios are a critical factor in delivering our curriculum effectively as well as helping to facilitate more focused care. Our programs often provide adult-to-child ratios that are more stringent than many state licensing standards.
Market Leading People Practices
Our ability to deliver consistently high-quality care, education and other services is directly related to our ability to attract, retain and motivate our highly skilled workforce. We have consistently been named as a top employer by third-party sources in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, including being named as one of the 100 Best Places to Work in America by Fortune Magazine 14 times.
We believe the education and experience of our center leaders and teachers exceed the industry average. In addition to recurring in-center training and partial tuition reimbursement for continuing education, we have developed a training program that establishes standards for our teachers as well as an in-house online training academy (Bright Horizons University), which allows our employees to earn nationally-recognized child development credentials.
Capital Efficient Operating Model Provides Platform for Growth, with Attractive Economics
We have achieved uninterrupted year-over-year revenue, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin growth for each of the last eleven years despite broader macro-economic fluctuations. With employer sponsors funding the majority of the capital required for new centers developed on their behalf, we have been able to grow our business with limited capital investment, which has contributed to strong cash flows from operations.
Proven Acquisition Track Record
We have an established acquisition team to pursue potential targets using a proven framework to effectively evaluate potential transactions with the goal of maximizing our return on investment while minimizing risk. Since 2006 and as of September 30, 2013, we have completed acquisitions of 237 child care centers in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, as well as a provider of back-up dependent care services in the United States.
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Experienced Management Team
Our management team has an established track record of operational excellence and has an average tenure of 17 years at Bright Horizons. We have successfully operated Bright Horizons both as a publicly traded company and as a private company. The management team has a proven track record of performance, having increased revenue from $345.9 million in 2001 to $1.07 billion in 2012, and increased adjusted EBITDA from $29.8 million in 2001 to $180.9 million in 2012, representing 830 basis points of adjusted EBITDA margin expansion. During this same period, our net income grew from $11.5 million in 2001 to $39.1 million in 2007 and then declined to $(6.6 million) in 2008 and to $(10.0 million) in 2010. Our net income in 2008 through 2010 reflects the incremental contributions from growth in the business, offset by the additional debt service obligations and amortization expense incurred in connection with our May 2008 going private transaction. In 2011 and 2012, our net income increased $14.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, over the prior year to $4.8 million and $8.5 million, respectively.
Our Growth Strategy
We believe that there are significant opportunities to continue to grow our business globally and expand our leadership position by continuing to execute on the following strategies:
Grow Our Client Relationships
| Secure Relationships with New Employer Clients. Our addressable market includes approximately 15,000 employers, each with at least 1,000 employees, within the industries that we currently service in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our dedicated sales force focuses on establishing new client relationships and is supported by our Horizons Workforce Consulting practice, which helps potential clients to identify the precise work/life offerings that will best meet their strategic goals. |
| Expand Relationships with Existing Employer Clients Through Additional Centers and Cross-Selling. As of September 30, 2013, we operated approximately 225 centers for 65 clients with multiple facilities, and we believe there is a significant opportunity to add additional employer-sponsored centers for both these and other existing clients as well as to increase the number of our clients that use more than one of our four principal service offerings. |
| Continue to Expand Through the Assumption of Management of Existing Sponsored Child Care Centers. We occasionally assume the management of existing centers from the incumbent management team, which enables us to develop new client relationships, typically with no capital investment and no purchase price payment. |
Sustain Annual Price Increases to Enable Continued Investments in Quality
We look for opportunities to invest in quality as a way to enhance our reputation with our clients and their employees. By developing a strong reputation for high-quality services and facilities, we are able to support consistent price increases that keep pace with our cost increases. Over our history, these price increases have contributed to our revenue growth and have enabled us to drive margin expansion.
Increase Utilization at Existing Centers
We believe that our mature P&L centers (centers that have been open for more than three years) are currently operating at utilization levels below our target run rate, in part due to a general
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deterioration in economic conditions from 2008 to 2010. Utilization rates at our mature P&L centers stabilized in 2010 and have grown in 2011, 2012 and the first nine months of 2013. We expect to further close the gap between current utilization rates and our target run rate over the next few years.
Selectively Add New Lease/Consortium Centers and Expand Through Selective Acquisitions
We have typically added between six and twelve new lease/consortium centers annually for the past six years, focusing on urban or city surrounding markets where demand is generally higher and where income demographics are generally more supportive of a new center. In addition, we have a long track record of successfully completing and integrating selective acquisitions. The domestic and international markets for child care and other family support services remain highly fragmented. We will therefore continue to seek attractive opportunities both for center acquisitions and the acquisition of complementary service offerings.
Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Any of the factors set forth under Risk Factors may limit our ability to successfully execute our business strategy. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular, should evaluate the specific factors set forth under Risk Factors in deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Among these important risks are the following:
| Significant deterioration in general economic conditions in our markets may lead parents to diminish the use of child care services and employers to reduce sponsorship of work and family services. |
| Because of the nature of our business, we are highly susceptible to reputational damage. Even false allegations or frivolous litigation could significantly damage our reputation and subject us to significant harm. |
| Our business depends largely on our ability to continue to hire and retain qualified teachers. |
| As of September 30, 2013, we had total indebtedness of $804.7 million. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsDebt. Our substantial debt could limit our ability to pursue our growth strategy. |
Our Sponsor
Bain Capital, LLC is a global private investment firm headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts whose affiliates, including Bain Capital Partners LLC, our Sponsor, manage several pools of capital including private equity, venture capital, public equity, high-yield assets and mezzanine capital with approximately $70 billion in assets under management. Since its inception in 1984, funds sponsored by Bain Capital have made private equity investments and add-on acquisitions in over 350 companies in a variety of industries around the world.
Upon completion of this offering, our Sponsor will continue to hold a controlling interest in us and will continue to have significant influence over us and decisions made by our stockholders and may have interests that differ from yours. See Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our Common Stock and this Offering.
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Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 200 Talcott Avenue South, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, and our telephone number is (617) 673-8000. Our Internet website address is www.brighthorizons.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus, and you should not rely on any such information in making the decision whether to purchase our common stock.
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The Offering
Common stock offered by the selling stockholders |
7,500,000 shares. |
Option to purchase additional shares |
The selling stockholders have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to 1,125,000 additional shares. |
Use of proceeds |
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders in this offering. |
Dividend policy |
We do not currently pay cash dividends on our common stock. |
Principal stockholders |
Upon completion of this offering, investment funds affiliated with the Sponsor will indirectly beneficially own a controlling interest in us. As a result, we will continue to avail ourselves of the controlled company exception under the New York Stock Exchange listing rules. For more information, see ManagementBoard Structure and Committee Composition. |
Risk factors |
You should read carefully the Risk Factors section of this prospectus for a discussion of factors that you should consider before deciding to invest in shares of our common stock. |
New York Stock Exchange Trading Symbol |
BFAM |
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Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data
The following table sets forth our summary historical and unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The summary historical financial data as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 and for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 presented in this table have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical financial data as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2013 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2010 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for such year, which are not included in this prospectus. The summary consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2012 has been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements for such period, which are not included in this prospectus. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods and operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2013. The data in the following table related to adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income, child care and early education centers and licensed capacity are unaudited for all periods presented.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 have been derived from our historical financial statements for such year and period, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus, after giving effect to the transactions specified in note 1 below.
This summary historical consolidated financial and other data should be read in conjunction with the disclosures set forth under Capitalization and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Year Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
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Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
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Revenue |
$ | 878,159 | $ | 973,701 | $ | 1,070,938 | $ | 797,512 | $ | 899,599 | ||||||||||
Cost of services |
698,264 | 766,500 | 825,168 | 614,847 | 689,879 | |||||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
179,895 | 207,201 | 245,770 | 182,665 | 209,720 | |||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
83,601 | 92,938 | 123,373 | 94,847 | 109,048 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization |
27,631 | 27,427 | 26,933 | 20,298 | 22,049 | |||||||||||||||
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Income from operations |
68,663 | 86,836 | 95,464 | 67,520 | 78,623 | |||||||||||||||
Gains from foreign currency transactions |
- | 835 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt |
- | - | - | - | (63,682 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Interest income |
28 | 824 | 152 | 106 | 76 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(88,999 | ) | (82,908 | ) | (83,864 | ) | (61,808 | ) | (31,463 | ) | ||||||||||
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Net interest expense and other |
(88,971 | ) | (81,249 | ) | (83,712 | ) | (61,702 | ) | (95,069 | ) | ||||||||||
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(Loss) income before income taxes |
(20,308 | ) | 5,587 | 11,752 | 5,818 | (16,446 | ) | |||||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
10,314 | (825 | ) | (3,243 | ) | (1,536 | ) | 5,114 | ||||||||||||
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Net (loss) income |
(9,994 | ) | 4,762 | 8,509 | 4,282 | (11,332 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest |
- | 3 | 347 | 294 | (212 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
$ | (9,994 | ) | $ | 4,759 | $ | 8,162 | $ | 3,988 | $ | (11,120 | ) | ||||||||
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|
|
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|
|
|||||||||||
Accretion of Class L preference |
64,712 | 71,568 | 79,211 | 58,401 | - | |||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class L preference for vested options |
1,251 | 1,274 | 5,436 | 4,660 | - | |||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net loss available to common shareholders |
$ | (75,957 | ) | $ | (68,083 | ) | $ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (59,073 | ) | $ | (11,120 | ) | |||||
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Allocation of net (loss) income to common stockholdersbasic and diluted: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class L |
$ | 64,712 | $ | 71,568 | $ | 79,211 | $ | 58,401 | $ | - | ||||||||||
Common |
$ | (75,957 | ) | $ | (68,083 | ) | $ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (59,073 | ) | $ | (11,120 | ) | |||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class Lbasic and diluted |
$ | 49.21 | $ | 54.33 | $ | 59.73 | $ | 44.05 | $ | - | ||||||||||
Commonbasic and diluted |
$ | (12.64 | ) | $ | (11.32 | ) | $ | (12.62 | ) | $ | (9.75 | ) | $ | (0.18 | ) | |||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class Lbasic and diluted |
1,315,153 | 1,317,273 | 1,326,206 | 1,325,903 | - | |||||||||||||||
Commonbasic and diluted |
6,006,960 | 6,016,733 | 6,058,512 | 6,057,128 | 61,815,607 | |||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma net income |
$ | 39,044 | $ | 40,777 | ||||||||||||||||
Pro forma earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.61 | $ | 0.63 | ||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.60 | $ | 0.61 | ||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
64,349,995 | 64,701,425 | ||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
65,167,776 | 66,561,701 | ||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 15,438 | $ | 30,448 | $ | 34,109 | $ | 45,057 | $ | 35,010 | ||||||||||
Total assets |
1,721,692 | 1,771,164 | 1,916,108 | 1,902,079 | 2,087,767 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities, excluding debt |
362,034 | 389,986 | 401,125 | 397,262 | 443,680 | |||||||||||||||
Total debt, including revolving line of credit and current maturities |
795,458 | 799,257 | 906,643 | 898,897 | 786,044 | |||||||||||||||
Total redeemable non-controlling interest |
- | 15,527 | 8,126 | 15,825 | 8,093 | |||||||||||||||
Class L common stock |
699,533 | 772,422 | 854,101 | 832,516 | - | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
(135,333 | ) | (206,028 | ) | (253,887 | ) | (242,421 | ) | 849,950 | |||||||||||
Other Financial and Operating Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(2)(4) |
132,238 | 148,519 | 180,851 | 133,800 | 155,163 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted income from operations(2) |
68,663 | 86,836 | 112,482 | 84,037 | 95,249 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted net income(2)(4) |
9,496 | 23,413 | 37,807 | 28,444 | 57,106 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share(3)(4) |
$ | 0.71 | $ | 0.87 | ||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures for new and existing centers |
$ | 39,522 | $ | 42,517 | $ | 69,086 | $ | 47,791 | $ | 55,244 | ||||||||||
Child care and early education centers (at period end) |
705 | 743 | 765 | 776 | 880 | |||||||||||||||
Licensed capacity (at period end) |
78,900 | 83,400 | 87,100 | 87,700 | 99,300 |
10
(1) | The pro forma consolidated statements of operations data for fiscal 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013 give effect to (a) the conversion of our Class L common stock into Class A common stock and the reclassification of our Class A common stock into common stock in connection with our initial public offering (b) the issuance of common stock in our initial public offering, including the exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares, and the application of the net proceeds to the repayment of the 13% senior notes, (c) performance-based compensation expense for stock options that vested upon the initial public offering, (d) the termination of our management agreement with the Sponsor in connection with the initial public offering (see Related Party Transactions) and (e) the refinancing of all of our remaining debt as of January 30, 2013 as if each had occurred on the first day of the period presented, and also reflects the income tax expense using the estimated rate that would have been in effect after considering the foregoing adjustments, which was approximately 37% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The above adjustments are illustrated in the following table (in thousands, except share data): |
Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
|||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
$ | 8,162 | $ | (11,120 | ) | |||
Interest on 13.0% senior notes |
23,755 | 2,143 | ||||||
Performance-based stock compensation expense |
- | 4,968 | ||||||
Sponsor management fee |
2,500 | 7,674 | ||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt |
- | 63,682 | ||||||
Reduction in interest expense as a result of refinancing, |
25,114 | 2,368 | ||||||
Tax effect |
(20,487 | ) | (28,938 | ) | ||||
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|
|||||
Pro forma net income |
$ | 39,044 | $ | 40,777 | ||||
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|
|
|||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic |
6,058,512 | 61,815,607 | ||||||
Conversion of Class L common stock |
46,676,483 | 46,708,475 | ||||||
Class L common shares converted and already included in weighted average common shares |
- | (44,978,546 | ) | |||||
Shares issued in initial public offering |
11,615,000 | 11,615,000 | ||||||
Shares issued in initial public offering already included in weighted average shares outstanding |
- | (10,459,111 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic |
64,349,995 | 64,701,425 | ||||||
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|
|
|||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted |
6,058,512 | 61,815,607 | ||||||
Conversion of Class L common stock |
46,676,483 | 46,708,475 | ||||||
Class L common shares converted and already included in weighted average common shares |
- | (44,978,546 | ) | |||||
Shares issued in initial public offering |
11,615,000 | 11,615,000 | ||||||
Shares issued in initial public offering already included in weighted average shares outstanding |
- | (10,459,111 | ) | |||||
Dilutive impact of options |
817,781 | 1,860,276 | ||||||
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|
|
|||||
Pro forma weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted |
65,167,776 | 66,561,701 | ||||||
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|
11
(2) | Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income, as presented below, are metrics used by management to measure operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA represents our earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, loss on extinguishment of debt, straight line rent expense, stock compensation expense, the Sponsor management fee and acquisition-related costs. Adjusted income from operations represents income from operations before stock compensation expense, the sponsor management fee and acquisition-related costs. Adjusted net income represents our net income (loss) determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, adjusted for stock compensation expense, amortization expense, the sponsor management fee and the income tax benefit thereon. |
Year Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (9,994 | ) | $ | 4,762 | $ | 8,509 | $ | 4,282 | $ | (11,332 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense, net |
88,971 | 82,084 | 83,712 | 61,702 | 31,387 | |||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense |
(10,314 | ) | 825 | 3,243 | 1,536 | (5,114 | ) | |||||||||||||
Depreciation |
25,689 | 28,024 | 34,415 | 24,912 | 31,264 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization(a) |
27,631 | 27,427 | 26,933 | 20,298 | 22,049 | |||||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|||||||||||
EBITDA |
121,983 | 143,122 | 156,812 | 112,730 | 68,254 | |||||||||||||||
Additional adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt(b) |
- | - | - | - | 63,682 | |||||||||||||||
Straight-line rent expense(c) |
5,401 | 1,739 | 2,142 | 1,095 | 1,867 | |||||||||||||||
Stock compensation expense(d) |
2,354 | 1,158 | 17,596 | 16,700 | 9,528 | |||||||||||||||
Sponsor management fee(e) |
2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 1,875 | 7,674 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses related to the initial and secondary public offerings and refinancing |
- | - | 1,801 | 1,400 | 647 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related costs |
- | - | - | - | 3,511 | |||||||||||||||
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total adjustments |
10,255 | 5,397 | 24,039 | 21,070 | 86,909 | |||||||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 132,238 | $ | 148,519 | $ | 180,851 | $ | 133,800 | $ | 155,163 | ||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from operations |
$ | 68,663 | $ | 86,836 | $ | 95,464 | $ | 67,520 | $ | 78,623 | ||||||||||
Stock compensation expense for performance-based awards (2013) and effect of option modification (2012)(d) |
- | - | 15,217 | 15,117 | 4,968 | |||||||||||||||
Sponsor termination fee(e) |
- | - | - | - | 7,500 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses related to the initial and secondary public offerings and refinancing |
- | - | 1,801 | 1,400 | 647 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related costs(f) |
- | - | - | - | 3,511 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Adjusted income from operations |
$ | 68,663 | $ | 86,836 | $ | 112,482 | $ | 84,037 | $ | 95,249 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (9,994 | ) | $ | 4,762 | $ | 8,509 | $ | 4,282 | $ | (11,332 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense |
(10,314 | ) | 825 | 3,243 | 1,536 | (5,114 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income before tax |
(20,308 | ) | 5,587 | 11,752 | 5,818 | (16,446 | ) | |||||||||||||
Stock compensation expense(d) |
2,354 | 1,158 | 17,596 | 16,700 | 9,528 | |||||||||||||||
Sponsor management fee(e) |
2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 1,875 | 7,674 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization(a) |
27,631 | 27,427 | 26,933 | 20,298 | 22,049 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses related to initial and secondary public offerings and refinancing |
- | - | 1,801 | 1,400 | 647 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related costs(f) |
- | - | - | - | 3,511 | |||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt(b) |
- | - | - | - | 63,682 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Adjusted income before tax |
12,177 | 36,672 | 60,582 | 46,091 | 90,645 | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted income tax expense(g) |
(2,681 | ) | (13,259 | ) | (22,775 | ) | (17,647 | ) | (33,539 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Adjusted net income |
$ | 9,496 | $ | 23,413 | $ | 37,807 | $ | 28,444 | $ | 57,106 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) | Represents amortization of intangible assets, including amounts associated with intangible assets recorded in connection with our going private transaction in May 2008. |
(b) | Represents redemption premiums and write off of unamortized debt issue costs and original issue discount associated with indebtedness that was repaid in connection with a refinancing. |
(c) | Represents rent in excess of cash paid for rent, recognized on a straight line basis over the lease life in accordance with ASC Topic 840, Leases. |
(d) | Represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense, including performance-based stock compensation expense. |
12
(e) | Represents fees paid to our Sponsor under a management agreement, including a termination fee at the completion of our initial public offering. See Related Party TransactionsManagement Agreement. |
(f) | Represents costs associated with the acquisition of businesses. |
(g) | Represents income tax expense using the estimated rate that would have been in effect after considering the adjustments, which was 22% in 2010, and between approximately 36% and 38% for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2013. |
(3) | Diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share is calculated as follows: |
Year Ended December 31, 2012 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
|||||||
Diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share: |
||||||||
Adjusted net income (in thousands) |
$ | 37,807 | $ | 57,106 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Pro forma weighted average number of common sharesdiluted: |
||||||||
Weighted average number of Class L shares over period in which Class L shares were outstanding |
1,326,206 | 1,327,115 | ||||||
Adjustment to weight Class L shares over respective period(a) |
- | (1,277,963 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Weighted average number of Class L shares over period |
1,326,206 | 49,152 | ||||||
Class L conversion factor |
35.1955 | 35.1955 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Weighted average number of converted Class L common shares |
46,676,483 | 1,729,929 | ||||||
Weighted average number of common shares |
6,058,512 | 61,815,607 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Pro forma weighted average number of common sharesbasic |
52,734,995 | 63,545,536 | ||||||
Incremental dilutive shares(b) |
817,781 | 1,860,276 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Pro forma diluted weighted average number of common sharesdiluted |
53,552,776 | 65,405,812 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share |
$ | 0.71 | $ | $0.87 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | The weighted average number of Class L shares in the actual Class L earnings per share calculation represents the weighted average from the beginning of the period up through the date of conversion of the Class L shares into common shares. As such, the pro forma weighted average number of common shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 includes an adjustment to the weighted average number of Class L shares outstanding to reflect the length of time the Class L shares were outstanding prior to conversion relative to the nine month period. The converted Class L shares are already included in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period after their conversion. |
(b) | Represents the dilutive effect of stock options using the treasury stock method. |
(4) | Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share are not presentations made in accordance with GAAP, and the use of the terms adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share may differ from similar measures reported by other companies. We believe that adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share provide investors with useful information with respect to our historical operations. |
We present adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share as supplemental performance measures because we believe they facilitate a comparative assessment of our operating performance relative to our performance based on our results under GAAP, while isolating the effects of some items that vary from period to period. Specifically, adjusted EBITDA allows for an assessment of our operating performance and of our ability to service or incur indebtedness without the effect of non-cash charges, such as depreciation, amortization, the excess of rent expense over cash rent expense and stock compensation expense, and the effect of fees associated with our Sponsor management agreement, which was terminated in connection with the completion of our initial public offering on January 30, 2013, as well as the expenses related to the acquisition of businesses. In addition, adjusted income from operations and adjusted net income allow us to assess our performance without the impact of the specifically identified items that we believe do not directly reflect our core operations. These measures also function as benchmarks to evaluate our operating performance.
This prospectus also includes information concerning adjusted EBITDA margin, which is defined as the ratio of adjusted EBITDA to revenue. We present adjusted EBITDA margin because it is used by management as a performance measurement to judge the level of adjusted EBITDA generated from revenue. We believe its inclusion is appropriate to provide additional information to investors and other external users of our financial statements.
Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to income before taxes, net income, net cash provided by operating, investing or financing activities or any other financial statement data presented as indicators of financial performance or liquidity, each as presented in
13
accordance with GAAP. We understand that although adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share are frequently used by securities analysts, lenders and others in their evaluation of companies, they have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
| adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share do not fully reflect our cash expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; |
| adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; |
| adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt; |
| although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future; and, |
| adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, adjusted net income and diluted adjusted earnings per pro forma common share do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements. |
Because of these limitations, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted income from operations, and adjusted net income should not be considered as discretionary cash available to us to reinvest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.
14
An investment in our common stock involves various risks. You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the other information contained in this prospectus before investing in our common stock. The risks described below are those which we believe are the material risks that we face. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Changes in the demand for child care and other dependent care services, which may be negatively affected by economic conditions, may affect our operating results.
Our business strategy depends on employers recognizing the value in providing employees with child care and other dependent care services as an employee benefit. The number of employers that view such services as cost-effective or beneficial to their work forces may not continue to grow or may diminish. In addition, demographic trends, including the number of dual-income families in the work force, may not continue to lead to increased demand for our services. Such changes could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Even among employers that recognize the value of our services, demand may be adversely affected by general economic conditions. For example, during the recent recession, we believe sustained uncertainty in U.S. and global economic conditions and persistently high unemployment domestically resulted in reduced enrollment levels at our mature P&L centers, and enrollment remains below pre-recession levels, and in certain locations has not begun to recover. Should the economy experience additional or prolonged weakness, employer clients may reduce or eliminate their sponsorship of work and family services, and prospective clients may not commit resources to such services. In addition, a reduction in the size of an employers workforce could negatively impact the demand for our services and result in reduced enrollment or failure of our employer clients to renew their contracts. A deterioration of general economic conditions may adversely impact the need for our services because out-of-work parents may diminish or discontinue the use of child care services, or be unwilling to pay tuition for high-quality services. Additionally, we may not be able to increase tuition at a rate consistent with increases in our operating costs. If demand for our services were to decrease, it could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Our business depends largely on our ability to hire and retain qualified teachers.
State laws require our teachers and other staff members to meet certain educational and other minimum requirements, and we often require that teachers and staff at our centers have additional qualifications. We are also required by state laws to maintain certain prescribed minimum adult-to-child ratios. If we are unable to hire and retain qualified teachers at a center, we could be required to reduce enrollment or be prevented from accepting additional enrollment in order to comply with such mandated ratios. In certain markets, we may experience difficulty in attracting, hiring and retaining qualified teachers, which may require us to offer increased salaries and enhanced benefits in these more competitive markets. This could result in increased costs at centers located in these markets. Difficulties in hiring and retaining qualified personnel may also affect our ability to meet growth objectives in certain geographies and to take advantage of additional enrollment opportunities at our child care and early education centers in these markets.
15
Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.
We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of September 30, 2013, we had total indebtedness of $804.7 million, including approximately $20.6 million of borrowings under our revolving line of credit, and $79.4 million of unused commitments under our revolving credit facility. Our high level of debt could have important consequences, including:
| limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements and increasing our cost of borrowing; |
| requiring a substantial portion of our cash flow to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; |
| exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as certain of our borrowings, including borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest; |
| limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industry in which we compete; and |
| placing us at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors or competitors with comparable debt at more favorable interest rates. |
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. Although the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities contains restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, those restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with those restrictions could be substantial. We may also seek to amend or refinance one or more of our debt instruments to permit us to finance our growth strategy or improve the terms of our indebtedness.
In addition, the borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities bear interest at variable rates. If market interest rates increase, variable rate debt will create higher debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our cash flow. Assuming all amounts under our senior secured credit facilities are fully drawn, a 100 basis point change in interest rates would result in a $8.90 million change in annual interest expense on our indebtedness under our senior secured credit facilities (subject to our base rate and LIBOR floors, as applicable). While we may in the future enter into agreements limiting our exposure to higher interest rates, any such agreements may not offer complete protection from this risk.
The terms of our indebtedness restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
The credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our ability to incur certain liens, make investments and acquisitions, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other distributions in respect of, or repurchase or redeem, capital stock, or enter into certain other types of contractual arrangements affecting our subsidiaries or indebtedness. In addition, the restrictive covenants in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities require us to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial condition tests, and we expect that the agreements governing any new senior secured credit facilities will contain similar requirements to satisfy financial condition tests and, with respect to any new revolving credit facility, maintain specified financial ratios, subject to certain conditions. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control.
16
A breach of the covenants under the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities or the indentures that govern our notes, or any replacement facility, could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness, unless we obtain a waiver to avoid such default. If we are unable to obtain a waiver, such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of or default under any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In the event our lenders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness.
Acquisitions may disrupt our operations or expose us to additional risk.
Acquisitions are an integral part of our growth strategy. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including potential difficulties in the integration of acquired operations, such as bringing new centers through the re-licensing or accreditation processes, successfully implementing our curriculum programs, not meeting financial objectives, increased costs, including from higher overhead costs of acquired businesses pending integration into our own operations, undisclosed liabilities not covered by insurance or by the terms of the acquisition, diversion of managements attention and resources in connection with an acquisition, loss of key employees of the acquired operation, failure of acquired operations to effectively and timely adopt our internal control processes and other policies, and write-offs or impairment charges relating to goodwill and other intangible assets. We may not have success in identifying, executing and integrating acquisitions in the future.
The success of our operations in international markets is highly dependent on the expertise of local management and operating staff, as well as the political, social, legal and economic operating conditions of each country in which we operate.
The success of our business depends on the actions of our employees. In international markets that are newer to our business, we are highly dependent on our current local management and operating staff to operate our centers in these markets in accordance with local law and best practices. If the local management or operating staff were to leave our employment, we would have to expend significant time and resources building up our management or operational expertise in these markets. Such a transition could adversely affect our reputation in these markets and could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
If the international markets in which we compete are affected by changes in political, social, legal, economic or other factors, our business and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. As of September 30, 2013, we had 238 centers located in five foreign countries; therefore, we are subject to inherent risks attributed to operating in a global economy. Our international operations may subject us to additional risks that differ in each country in which we operate, and such risks may negatively affect our results. The factors impacting the international markets in which we operate may include changes in laws and regulations affecting the operation of child care centers, the imposition of restrictions on currency conversion or the transfer of funds or increases in the taxes paid and other changes in applicable tax laws.
In addition, instability in European financial markets or other events could cause fluctuations in exchange rates that may affect our revenues. Most of our revenues, costs and debts are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, revenues and costs from our operations outside of the United States are denominated in the currency of the country in which the center is located, and these currencies could become less valuable as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. The current European debt crisis and related European financial restructuring efforts may cause the value of the European currencies, including the British pound and the Euro, to deteriorate. The potential dissolution of the Euro, or market perceptions concerning this and related issues, could adversely affect the value of our Euro- and
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British pound-denominated assets. Unfavorable currency fluctuations as a result of this and other market forces could result in a reduction in our revenues and net earnings, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Because our success depends substantially on the value of our brands and reputation as a provider of choice, adverse publicity could impact the demand for our services.
Adverse publicity concerning reported incidents or allegations of physical or sexual abuse or other harm to a child at any child care center, whether or not directly relating to or involving Bright Horizons, could result in decreased enrollment at our child care centers, termination of existing corporate relationships or inability to attract new corporate relationships, or increased insurance costs, all of which could adversely affect our operations. Brand value and our reputation can be severely damaged even by isolated incidents, particularly if the incidents receive considerable negative publicity or result in substantial litigation. These incidents may arise from events that are beyond our ability to control and may damage our brands and reputation, such as instances of physical or sexual abuse or actions taken (or not taken) by one or more center managers or teachers relating to the health, safety or welfare of children in our care. In addition, from time to time, customers and others make claims and take legal action against us. Whether or not customer claims or legal action related to our performance have merit, they may adversely affect our reputation and the demand for our services. Demand for our services could diminish significantly if any such incidents or other matters erode consumer confidence in us or our services, which would likely result in lower sales, and could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. Any reputational damage could have a material adverse effect on our brand value and our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our business activities subject us to litigation risks that may lead to significant reputational damage, money damages and other remedies and increase our litigation expense.
Because of the nature of our business, we may be subject to claims and litigation alleging negligence, inadequate supervision or other grounds for liability arising from injuries or other harm to the people we serve, primarily children. We may also be subject to employee claims based on, among other things, discrimination, harassment or wrongful termination. In addition, claimants may seek damages from us for physical or sexual abuse, and other acts allegedly committed by our employees or agents. We face the risk that additional lawsuits may be filed which could result in damages and other costs that our insurance may be inadequate to cover. In addition to diverting our management resources, such allegations may result in publicity that may materially and adversely affect us and our brands, regardless of whether such allegations are valid. Any such claim or the publicity resulting from it may have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition including, without limitation, adverse effects caused by increased cost or decreased availability of insurance and decreased demand for our services from employer sponsors and families.
Our international operations may be subject to additional risks related to litigation, including difficulties enforcing contractual obligations governed by foreign law due to differing interpretations of rights and obligations, limitations on the availability of insurance coverage and limits, compliance with multiple and potentially conflicting laws, new and potentially untested laws and judicial systems and reduced or diminished protection of intellectual property. A substantial judgment against us or one of our subsidiaries could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our continued profitability depends on our ability to pass on our increased costs to our customers.
Hiring and retaining key employees and qualified personnel, including teachers, is critical to our business. Because we are primarily a services business, inflationary factors such as wage and benefits
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cost increases result in significant increases in the costs of running our business. In addition, increased competition for teachers in certain markets could result in significant increases in the costs of running our business. Any employee organizing efforts could also increase our payroll and benefits expenses. Our success depends on our ability to continue to pass along these costs to our customers. In the event that we cannot increase the cost of our services to cover these higher wage and benefit costs without reducing customer demand for our services, our revenues could be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, as well as our growth.
Changes in our relationships with employer sponsors may affect our operating results.
We derive a significant portion of our business from child care and early education centers associated with employer sponsors for whom we provide these services at single or multiple sites pursuant to contractual arrangements. Our contracts with employers for full service center-based care typically have terms of three to ten years, and our contracts related to back-up dependent care typically have terms of one to three years. While we have a history of consistent contract renewals, we may not experience a similar renewal rate in the future. The termination or non-renewal of a significant number of contracts or the termination of a multiple-site client relationship could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Significant increases in the costs of insurance or of insurance claims or our deductibles may negatively affect our profitability.
We currently maintain the following major types of commercial insurance policies: workers compensation, commercial general liability (including coverage for sexual and physical abuse), professional liability, automobile liability, excess and umbrella liability, commercial property coverage, student accident coverage, employment practices liability, commercial crime coverage, fiduciary liability, privacy breach/Internet liability and directors and officers liability. These policies are subject to various limitations, exclusions and deductibles. To date, we have been able to obtain insurance in amounts we believe to be appropriate. Such insurance, particularly coverage for sexual and physical abuse, may not continue to be readily available to us in the form or amounts we have been able to obtain in the past, or our insurance premiums could materially increase in the future as a consequence of conditions in the insurance business or in the child care industry.
Changes in laws and regulations could impact the way we conduct business.
Our child care and early education centers are subject to numerous national, state and local regulations and licensing requirements. Although these regulations vary greatly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, government agencies generally review, among other issues, the adequacy of buildings and equipment, licensed capacity, the ratio of adults to children, educational qualifications and training of staff, record keeping, dietary program, daily curriculum, hiring practices and compliance with health and safety standards. Failure of a child care or early education center to comply with applicable regulations and requirements could subject it to governmental sanctions, which can include fines, corrective orders, placement on probation or, in more serious cases, suspension or revocation of one or more of our child care centers licenses to operate, and require significant expenditures to bring our centers into compliance. Although we expect to pay employees at rates above the minimum wage, increases in the statutory minimum wage rates could result in a corresponding increase in the wages we pay to our employees.
Our operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations.
Our revenue and results of operations fluctuate with the seasonal demands for child care and the other services we provide. Revenue in our child care centers that have mature operating levels
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typically declines during the third quarter due to decreased enrollments over the summer months as families withdraw children for vacations and older children transition into elementary schools. In addition, use of our back-up services tends to be higher when school is not in session and during holiday periods, which can increase the operating costs of the program and impact results of operations. We may be unable to adjust our expenses on a short-term basis to minimize the effect of these fluctuations in revenue. Our quarterly results of operations may also fluctuate based upon the number and timing of child care center openings and/or closings, acquisitions, the performance of new and existing child care and early education centers, the contractual arrangements under which child care centers are operated, the change in the mix of such contractual arrangements, competitive factors and general economic conditions. The inability of existing child care centers to maintain their current enrollment levels and profitability, the failure of newly opened child care centers to contribute to profitability and the failure to maintain and grow our other services could result in additional fluctuations in our future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis.
We depend on key management and key employees to manage our business.
Our success depends on the efforts, abilities and continued services of our executive officers and other key employees. We believe future success will depend upon our ability to continue to attract, motivate and retain highly-skilled managerial, sales and marketing, divisional, regional and child care and early education center director personnel.
Significant competition in our industry could adversely affect our results of operations.
We compete for enrollment and sponsorship of our child care and early education centers in a highly-fragmented market. For enrollment, we compete with family child care (operated out of the caregivers home) and center-based child care (such as residential and work-site child care centers, full- and part-time nursery schools, private and public elementary schools and church-affiliated and other not-for-profit providers). In addition, substitutes for organized child care, such as relatives and nannies caring for children, can represent lower cost alternatives to our services. For sponsorship, we compete primarily with large residential child care companies with divisions focused on employer sponsorship and with regional child care providers who target employer sponsorship. We believe that our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including quality of care, site convenience and cost. We often face a price disadvantage to our competition, which may have access to greater financial resources, greater name recognition or lower operating or compliance costs. In addition, certain competitors may be able to operate with little or no rental expense and sometimes do not comply or are not required to comply with the same health, safety and operational regulations with which we comply. Therefore, we may be unable to continue to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
The growth of our business may be adversely affected if we do not execute our growth strategies successfully.
Our ability to grow in the future will depend upon a number of factors, including the ability to develop and expand new and existing client relationships, to continue to provide and expand the high-quality services we offer and to hire and train qualified personnel. Achieving and sustaining growth increases requires the successful execution of our growth strategies, which may require the implementation of enhancements to operational and financial systems, expanded sales and marketing capacity and additional or new organizational resources. We may be unable to manage our expanding operations effectively, or we may be unable to maintain or accelerate our growth.
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Governmental universal child care benefit programs could reduce the demand for our services.
National, state or local child care benefit programs comprised primarily of subsidies in the form of tax credits or other direct government financial aid provide us opportunities for expansion in additional markets. However, a universal benefit with governmentally mandated or provided child care could reduce the demand for early care services at our existing child care and early education centers due to the availability of lower cost care alternatives or could place downward pressure on the tuition and fees we charge, which could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
Breaches in data security could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
For various operational needs, we receive certain personal information including credit card information and personal information for the children and families that we serve. While we have policies and practices that protect our data, a compromise of our systems that results in unauthorized persons obtaining personal information could adversely affect our reputation and our operations, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, and could result in litigation against us or in the imposition of penalties. In addition, a security breach could require us to expend significant additional resources related to the security of our information systems and could result in a disruption to our operations.
A regional or global health pandemic or other catastrophic event could severely disrupt our business.
A health pandemic is a disease that spreads rapidly and widely by infection and affects many individuals in an area or population at the same time. A regional or global health pandemic, depending upon its duration and severity, could severely affect our business. Enrollment in our child care centers could experience sharp declines as families might avoid taking their children out in public in the event of a health pandemic, and local, regional or national governments might limit or ban public interactions to halt or delay the spread of diseases causing business disruptions and the temporary closure of our centers. Additionally, a health pandemic could also impair our ability to hire and retain an adequate level of staff. A health pandemic may have a disproportionate impact on our business compared to other companies that depend less on the performance of services by employees.
Other unforeseen events, including war, terrorism and other international, regional or local instability or conflicts (including labor issues), embargos, natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States or abroad, could disrupt our operations or result in political or economic instability. Enrollment in our child care centers could experience sharp declines as families might avoid taking their children out in public as a result of one or more of these events.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock and this Offering
We are a controlled company within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange listing rules and, as a result, we qualify for, and will continue to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
We are a controlled company within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the New York Stock Exchange and we expect that, after the completion of this offering, the Sponsor will continue to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. Under the New York Stock Exchange rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a controlled company and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements including:
| the requirement that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors; |
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| the requirement that we have a nominating/corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committees purpose and responsibilities; |
| the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committees purpose and responsibilities; and |
| the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating/corporate governance and compensation committees. |
We intend to continue to utilize these exemptions. Accordingly, we do not have a majority of independent directors, our compensation committee does not consist entirely of independent directors and the board committees are not be subject to annual performance evaluations. In addition, we do not have a nominating and corporate governance committee. Accordingly, you do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.
The Sponsor, however, is not subject to any contractual obligation to retain its controlling interest, except that it has agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock or other capital stock or other securities exercisable or convertible therefor for a period of at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Barclays Capital Inc. Except for this brief period, there can be no assurance as to the period of time during which the Sponsor will maintain its ownership of our common stock following this offering.
Our stock price could be extremely volatile, and, as a result, you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.
Since completing our initial public offering in January 2013, the price of our common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, has ranged from a low of $27.50 on January 25, 2013 to a high of $38.39 on May 31, 2013. In addition, the stock market in general has been highly volatile. As a result, the market price of our common stock is likely to be similarly volatile, and investors in our common stock may experience a decrease, which could be substantial, in the value of their stock, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects, and could lose part or all of their investment. The price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including those described elsewhere in this prospectus and others such as:
| variations in our operating performance and the performance of our competitors; |
| actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results; |
| publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry; |
| our failure or the failure of our competitors to meet analysts projections or guidance that we or our competitors may give to the market; |
| additions and departures of key personnel; |
| strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy; |
| the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments affecting us or our industry; |
| speculation in the press or investment community; |
| changes in accounting principles; |
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| terrorist acts, acts of war or periods of widespread civil unrest; |
| natural disasters and other calamities; and |
| changes in general market and economic conditions. |
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our managements attention and resources, and could also require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments or to settle litigation.
Your percentage ownership in us may be diluted by future issuances of capital stock, which could reduce your influence over matters on which stockholders vote.
Pursuant to our restated bylaws, our board of directors has the authority, without action or vote of our stockholders, to issue all or any part of our authorized but unissued shares of common stock, including shares issuable upon the exercise of options, or shares of our authorized but unissued preferred stock. Issuances of common stock or voting preferred stock would reduce your influence over matters on which our stockholders vote and, in the case of issuances of preferred stock, would likely result in your interest in us being subject to the prior rights of holders of that preferred stock.
There may be sales of a substantial amount of our common stock after this offering by our current stockholders, and these sales could cause the price of our common stock to fall.
As of October 31, 2013, there were 65,138,465 shares of common stock outstanding. Of our issued and outstanding shares, all the common stock sold in our initial public offering, in the offering by certain selling shareholders completed in June 2013 (the June 2013 follow-on offering) or this offering will be freely transferable, except for any shares held by our affiliates, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Following completion of this offering, approximately 57.4% of our outstanding common stock (or 55.7% if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholders) will be beneficially owned by investment funds affiliated with the Sponsor and members of our management and employees.
Each of our directors, executive officers and significant equity holders (including affiliates of the Sponsor) has entered into a lock-up agreement with Goldman, Sachs & Co., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Barclays Capital Inc., on behalf of the underwriters, which regulates their sales of our common stock for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions (including contributions to charitable organizations which may freely resell the contributed shares and up to 466,000 shares which may be transferred by directors and officers pursuant to trading plans established prior to the date of this prospectus under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act) and automatic extensions in certain circumstances.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after this offering, or the perception that such sales will occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and make it difficult for us to raise funds through securities offerings in the future. Of the shares to be outstanding after the offering, the shares sold in our initial public offering, the shares sold in the June 2013 follow-on offering and the shares offered by this prospectus will be eligible for immediate sale in the public market without restriction by persons other than our affiliates. Our remaining outstanding shares will become available for resale in the public market as shown in the chart below, subject to the provisions of Rule 144 and Rule 701.
Number of Shares |
Date Available for Resale | |
823,384 |
On the date of this offering ( , 2013) | |
36,248,465 |
90 days after the date of this offering ( , 2014), subject to certain exceptions and automatic extensions in certain circumstances |
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Beginning 90 days after this offering, subject to certain exceptions and automatic extensions in certain circumstances, holders of shares of our common stock may require us to register their shares for resale under the federal securities laws, and holders of additional shares of our common stock would be entitled to have their shares included in any such registration statement, all subject to reduction upon the request of the underwriter of the offering, if any. See Related Party TransactionsArrangements With Our Investors. Registration of those shares would allow the holders to immediately resell their shares in the public market. Any such sales or anticipation thereof could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
In addition, we have registered shares of common stock that are reserved for issuance under our 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan.
Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may deter takeover efforts that could be beneficial to stockholder value.
In addition to the Sponsors beneficial ownership of a controlling percentage of our common stock, our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and Delaware law contain provisions that could make it harder for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions include a classified board of directors and limitations on actions by our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors has the right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval that could be used to dilute a potential hostile acquiror. Our certificate of incorporation also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock other than the Sponsor. As a result, you may lose your ability to sell your stock for a price in excess of the prevailing market price due to these protective measures, and efforts by stockholders to change the direction or management of the company may be unsuccessful. See Description of Capital Stock.
Our certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our by-laws, or (iv) any other action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions of our certificate of incorporation described above. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholders ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our certificate of incorporation inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
If you purchase shares in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution.
If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in the pro forma book value of your stock of $48.44 per share based on an
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assumed public offering price of $37.62 (the closing price of our common stock on November 7, 2013) because the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the net tangible book value deficiency per share of the shares you acquire. You will experience additional dilution upon the exercise of options and warrants to purchase our common stock, including those options currently outstanding and those granted in the future, and the issuance of restricted stock or other equity awards under our stock incentive plans. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders will experience substantial additional dilution.
The Sponsor will continue to have significant influence over us after this offering, including control over decisions that require the approval of stockholders, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.
We are currently controlled, and after this offering is completed will continue to be controlled, by the Sponsor. Upon completion of this offering, investment funds affiliated with the Sponsor will beneficially own 52.8% of our outstanding common stock (51.1% if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholders). For as long as the Sponsor continues to beneficially own shares of common stock representing more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, it will be able to direct the election of all of the members of our board of directors and could exercise a controlling influence over our business and affairs, including any determinations with respect to mergers or other business combinations, the acquisition or disposition of assets, the incurrence of indebtedness, the issuance of any additional common stock or other equity securities, the repurchase or redemption of common stock and the payment of dividends. Similarly, the Sponsor will have the power to determine matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders without the consent of our other stockholders, will have the power to prevent a change in our control and could take other actions that might be favorable to it. Even if its ownership falls below 50%, the Sponsor will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions.
Additionally, the Sponsor is in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. The Sponsor may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us.
Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
We may retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur, including our senior secured credit facilities. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell our common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus includes statements that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms believes, expects, may, will, should, seeks, projects, approximately, intends, plans, estimates or anticipates, or, in each case, their negatives or other variations or comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts. They appear in a number of places throughout this prospectus and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies and the industries in which we and our partners operate.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We believe that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in the Risk Factors section of this prospectus, which include but are not limited to the following:
| Changes in the demand for child care and other dependent care services; |
| Our ability to hire and retain qualified teachers; |
| Our substantial indebtedness and our ability to refinance our indebtedness on the terms described in this prospectus or at all; |
| That the terms of our indebtedness could restrict our current and future operations; |
| The possibility that acquisitions may disrupt our operations and expose us to additional risk; |
| Our reliance on the expertise of operating staff, especially in international markets; |
| The possibility that adverse publicity would have a negative impact on the demand for our services and the value of our brand; |
| The possibility that our business activities subject us to litigation risks that could result in significant money or reputational damages; |
| Our ability to pass on our increased costs; |
| Changes in our relationships with employer sponsors; |
| Our ability to obtain and maintain adequate insurance coverage at a reasonable cost; |
| Changes in laws or regulations that govern our business; |
| Our ability to withstand seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our services; |
| Our ability to retain and attract key management and key employees; |
| Significant competition within our industry; |
| Our ability to implement our growth strategies successfully; |
| Our susceptibility to the economic impact of governmental or universal child care programs in the countries in which we operate; |
| Breaches in data security; and |
| The impact of a regional or global health pandemic or other catastrophic event. |
These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read with the other cautionary statements in this prospectus.
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Although we base these forward-looking statements on assumptions that we believe are reasonable when made, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.
Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this prospectus speaks only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for current and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.
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We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders.
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MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK
Our common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol BFAM since January 25, 2013. Prior to that time, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange:
High | Low | |||||||
2013: |
||||||||
First quarter(1) |
$ | 36.26 | $ | 27.50 | ||||
Second quarter |
$ | 38.39 | $ | 30.35 | ||||
Third quarter |
$ | 37.40 | $ | 32.88 | ||||
Fourth quarter (through November 7, 2013) |
$ | 37.99 | $ | 33.91 |
(1) | Represents the period from January 25, 2013, the date on which our common stock first began to trade on the New York Stock Exchange after pricing our initial public offering, through March 31, 2013, the end of our first quarter. |
A recent reported closing price for our common stock is set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. Wells Fargo Transfer Agent Services is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock. As of October 31, 2013, there were 17 holders of record of our common stock.
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Our board of directors does not currently intend to pay regular dividends on our common stock. However, we expect to reevaluate our dividend policy on a regular basis following this offering and may, subject to compliance with the covenants contained in our senior secured credit facilities and other considerations, determine to pay dividends in the future.
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The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our consolidated capitalization as of September 30, 2013. This table should be read in conjunction with Use of Proceeds, Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
As of September 30, 2013 |
||||
(In thousands) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 35,010 | ||
|
|
|||
Long-term debt, including current portion |
||||
Revolving credit facility(1) |
20,600 | |||
Term loans(2) |
784,075 | |||
|
|
|||
Total long-term debt, net |
804,675 | |||
|
|
|||
Stockholders equity |
||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued and outstanding |
| |||
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 475,000,000 shares authorized and 65,126,829 shares issued and outstanding |
65 | |||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,261,361 | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(5,191 | ) | ||
Accumulated deficit |
(406,285 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Total stockholders equity |
849,950 | |||
|
|
|||
Total capitalization |
$ | 1,654,625 | ||
|
|
(1) | Consists of $20.6 million of borrowings under our $100 million revolving line of credit. At September 30, 2013, $79.4 million remained available for borrowing. |
(2) | Excludes remaining unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discount of $18.6 million at September 30, 2013. |
31
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA
The following table sets forth our selected historical and unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected historical financial data as of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012 and for each of the three years ended December 31, 2012 presented in this table have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected historical financial data as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2013 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2012 has been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of such date, which are not included in this prospectus. The selected historical financial data as of December 31, 2009, December 31, 2010 and for the year ended December 31, 2009 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for such years and periods, which are not included in this prospectus. The selected historical financial data for the period from January 1, 2008 through May 28, 2008 which are under the predecessor ownership and for the period May 29, 2008 through December 31, 2008 have been derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements for such periods, which have not been included in this prospectus. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods, and operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 have been derived from our historical financial statements for such year and period, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus, after giving effect to the transactions specified in note 1 to Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data.
This selected historical consolidated financial and other data should be read in conjunction with the disclosures set forth under Capitalization and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
32
Predecessor(2) | Fiscal Year ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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January 1 May 28, 2008 |
May 29 December 31, 2008(2) |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share and operations data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
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Revenue |
$ | 331,349 | $ | 482,783 | $ | 852,323 | $ | 878,159 | $ | 973,701 | $ | 1,070,938 | $ | 797,512 | $ | 899,599 | ||||||||||||||||
Cost of services |
261,073 | 389,854 | 672,793 | 698,264 | 766,500 | 825,168 | 614,847 | 689,879 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
70,276 | 92,929 | 179,530 | 179,895 | 207,201 | 245,770 | 182,665 | 209,720 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
58,109 | 46,933 | 82,798 | 83,601 | 92,938 | 123,373 | 94,847 | 109,048 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization |
1,878 | 16,957 | 29,960 | 27,631 | 27,427 | 26,933 | 20,298 | 22,049 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income from operations |
10,289 | 29,039 | 66,772 | 68,663 | 86,836 | 95,464 | 67,520 | 78,623 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gains from foreign currency transactions |
- | - | - | - | 835 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | (63,682 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
153 | 539 | 132 | 28 | 824 | 152 | 106 | 76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(164 | ) | (49,233 | ) | (83,228 | ) | (88,999 | ) | (82,908 | ) | (83,864 | ) | (61,808 | ) | (31,463 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
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Net interest expense and other |
(11 | ) | (48,694 | ) | (83,096 | ) | (88,971 | ) | (81,249 | ) | (83,712 | ) | (61,702 | ) | (95,069 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
10,278 | (19,655 | ) | (16,324 | ) | (20,308 | ) | 5,587 | 11,752 | 5,818 | (16,446 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(4,770 | ) | 7,577 | 6,789 | 10,314 | (825 | ) | (3,243 | ) | (1,536 | ) | 5,114 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
5,508 | (12,078 | ) | (9,535 | ) | (9,994 | ) | 4,762 | 8,509 | 4,282 | (11,332 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest |
- | - | - | - | 3 | 347 | 294 | (212 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) attributable to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
$ | 5,508 | $ | (12,078 | ) | $ | (9,535 | ) | $ | (9,994 | ) | $ | 4,759 | $ | 8,162 | $ | 3,988 | $ | (11,120 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Accretion of Class L preference |
N/A | 91,443 | 58,559 | 64,712 | 71,568 | 79,211 | 58,401 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class L preference for vested options |
N/A | 1,853 | 1,171 | 1,251 | 1,274 | 5,436 | 4,660 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
$ | 5,508 | $ | (105,374 | ) | $ | (69,265 | ) | $ | (75,957 | ) | $ | (68,083 | ) | $ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (59,073 | ) | $ | (11,120 | ) | |||||||||
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Allocation of net income (loss) to common stockholdersbasic and diluted: |
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Class L |
N/A | $ | 91,443 | $ | 58,559 | $ | 64,712 | $ | 71,568 | $ | 79,211 | $ | 58,401 | $ | - | |||||||||||||||||
Common |
$ | 5,508 | (105,374 | ) | (69,265 | ) | (75,957 | ) | (68,083 | ) | (76,485 | ) | (59,073 | ) | (11,120 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
N/A | $ | 69.51 | $ | 44.52 | $ | 49.21 | $ | 54.33 | $ | 59.73 | $ | 44.05 | $ | - | |||||||||||||||||
Commonbasic |
0.21 | (17.54 | ) | (11.53 | ) | (12.64 | ) | (11.32 | ) | (12.62 | ) | (9.75 | ) | (0.18 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Commondiluted |
0.20 | (17.54 | ) | (11.53 | ) | (12.64 | ) | (11.32 | ) | (12.62 | ) | (9.75 | ) | (0.18 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
N/A | 1,315,545 | 1,315,267 | 1,315,153 | 1,317,273 | 1,326,206 | 1,325,903 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commonbasic |
26,197,127 | 6,008,843 | 6,007,482 | 6,006,960 | 6,016,733 | 6,058,512 | 6,057,128 | 61,815,607 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commondiluted |
27,085,336 | 6,008,843 | 6,007,482 | 6,006,960 | 6,016,733 | 6,058,512 | 6,057,128 | 61,815,607 |
33
Predecessor(1) | Fiscal Year ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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January 1 May 28, 2008 |
May 29 December 31, 2008(2) |
2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share and operations data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:(2) |
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Pro forma net income |
$ | 39,044 | $ | 40,777 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma earnings per share: |
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Basic |
$ | 0.61 | $ | 0.63 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.60 | $ | 0.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding |
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Basic |
64,349,995 | 64,701,425 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
65,167,776 | 66,561,701 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
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Total cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 19,851 | $ | 9,878 | $ | 14,360 | $ | 15,438 | $ | 30,448 | $ | 34,109 | $ | 45,057 | $ | 35,010 | ||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
483,032 | 1,701,352 | 1,732,724 | 1,721,692 | 1,771,164 | 1,916,108 | 1,902,079 | 2,087,767 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities, excluding debt |
198,038 | 354,444 | 364,352 | 362,034 | 389,986 | 401,125 | 397,262 | 443,680 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total debt, including revolving line of credit and current maturities |
821 | 770,007 | 794,881 | 795,458 | 799,257 | 906,643 | 898,897 | 786,044 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total redeemable non-controlling interest |
- | - | - | - | 15,527 | 8,126 | 15,825 | 8,093 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class L common stock |
- | 574,028 | 633,452 | 699,533 | 772,422 | 854,101 | 832,516 | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders equity (deficit) |
284,173 | 2,873 | (59,961 | ) | (135,333 | ) | (206,028 | ) | (253,887 | ) | (242,421 | ) | 849,950 |
(1) | The selected historical financial data prior to our going private transaction (the Predecessor) as of May 28, 2008 and for the period from January 1, 2008 to May 28, 2008, and as of December 31, 2008 and our selected historical financial data for the period from May 29, 2008 to December 31, 2008, have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. |
(2) | See note (1) in Prospectus SummarySummary Consolidated Financial and Other Data. |
34
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION RELATED TO THE ACQUISITION OF KIDSUNLIMITED GROUP LIMITED
On April 10, 2013, we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Kidsunlimited Group Limited (Kidsunlimited), which operates 64 nurseries throughout the United Kingdom, for an aggregate cash purchase price of $69.0 million, subject to certain adjustments. The purchase price was financed with available cash on hand.
The following presents unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012. An unaudited pro forma balance sheet as of September 30, 2013 is not presented because Kidsunlimiteds balance sheet, including related acquisition adjustments, is included in our consolidated balance sheet as of such date. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information has been prepared from, and should be read in conjunction with, the respective historical consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company and Kidsunlimited included in this prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed statements of operations and explanatory notes of the Company set forth below for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 give effect to the acquisition as if the transaction had occurred on January 1, 2012.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed statements of operations are based upon the historical consolidated financial statements of the Company and Kidsunlimited after giving effect to the transaction, accounted for as a business combination, and after applying the assumptions and adjustments described in the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements.
The historical consolidated financial statements of Kidsunlimited were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Kingdom (U.K. GAAP), which differs in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). Necessary adjustments have been made to reconcile the historical consolidated financial statements of Kidsunlimited to U.S. GAAP. These adjustments relate primarily to differences such as the accounting for identifiable intangible assets and goodwill as well as interest rate swap agreements.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed statements of operations are provided for informational purposes only and do not purport to reflect the results of our operations had the transaction actually been consummated on January 1, 2012. We have made, in our opinion, all adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the pro forma financial information. The pro forma combined provision for income taxes may not represent the amounts that would have resulted had the Company and Kidsunlimited filed consolidated income tax returns during the periods presented.
The historical financial statements of Kidsunlimited are prepared in its local currency (pounds sterling). Therefore, for the purpose of presenting the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information, the statements of operations for Kidsunlimited have been translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the periods presented.
The historical financial statements of Kidsunlimited had been prepared using an April 30 fiscal year-end. In accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the periods presented herein must be within 93 days of the Companys fiscal year end. Therefore, the statement of operations for Kidsunlimited is presented for the twelve months ended January 31, 2013 for purposes of combining such statement with the Companys pro forma statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012. The pro forma statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 includes the unaudited results of the period from January 1, 2013 through April 10, 2013 of Kidsunlimited.
35
Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. and Kidsunlimited Group Limited
Pro forma Combined Condensed Statement of Operations
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013
(In thousands, except for share data)
Bright Horizons |
Kidsunlimited in US GAAP (in US $) Period from January 1, 2013 through April 10, 2013 (Date of Acquisition) |
Pro forma Adjustments |
Pro forma Combined |
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Revenue |
$ | 899,599 | $ | 19,631 | $ | - | $ | 919,230 | ||||||||
Cost of services |
689,879 | 15,553 | (21 | )A | 705,411 | |||||||||||
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Gross Profit |
209,720 | 4,078 | 21 | 213,819 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
109,048 | 8,444 | (4,926 | )C | 112,566 | |||||||||||
Amortization |
22,049 | 325 | (100 | )A | 22,274 | |||||||||||
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Income (loss) from operations |
78,623 | (4,691 | ) | 5,047 | 78,979 | |||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt |
(63,682 | ) | - | - | (63,682 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest income |
76 | - | - | 76 | ||||||||||||
Changes in the fair value of interest rate swap |
- | 95 | (95 | )B | - | |||||||||||
Interest expense |
(31,463 | ) | (2,705 | ) | 2,705 | B | (31,463 | ) | ||||||||
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(Loss) income before income taxes |
(16,446 | ) | (7,301 | ) | 7,657 | (16,090 | ) | |||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
5,114 | 191 | (354 | )D | 4,951 | |||||||||||
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Net (loss) income |
(11,332 | ) | (7,110 | ) | 7,303 | (11,139 | ) | |||||||||
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |
(212 | ) | - | - | (212 | ) | ||||||||||
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Net (loss) income available to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
$ | (11,120 | ) | $ | (7,110 | ) | $ | 7,303 | $ | (10,927 | ) | |||||
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Accretion of Class L preference |
- | - | ||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class L preference for vested options |
- | - | ||||||||||||||
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Net loss available to common shareholders |
$ | (11,120 | ) | $ | (10,927 | ) | ||||||||||
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Allocation of net loss to common stockholdersbasic and diluted: |
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Class L |
$ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||||
Common |
$ | (11,120 | ) | $ | (10,927 | ) | ||||||||||
Loss per share: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
- | - | ||||||||||||||
Commonbasic and diluted |
$ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (0.18 | ) | ||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
- | - | ||||||||||||||
Commonbasic and diluted |
61,815,607 | 61,815,607 |
36
Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. and Kidsunlimited Group Limited
Pro forma Combined Condensed Statement of Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2012
(In thousands, except for share data)
Bright Horizons |
Kidsunlimited in US GAAP (in US $) Twelve Months Ended January 31, 2013 |
Pro forma Adjustments |
Pro forma Combined |
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Revenue |
$ | 1,070,938 | $ | 67,905 | $ | - | $ | 1,138,843 | ||||||||
Cost of services |
825,168 | 54,323 | (77 | )A | 879,414 | |||||||||||
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Gross Profit |
245,770 | 13,582 | 77 | 259,429 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
123,373 | 9,168 | (267 | )C | 132,274 | |||||||||||
Amortization |
26,933 | 1,277 | 2,619 | A | 30,829 | |||||||||||
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Income (loss) from operations |
95,464 | 3,137 | (2,275 | ) | 96,326 | |||||||||||
Interest income |
152 | - | - | 152 | ||||||||||||
Changes in the fair value of interest rate swap |
- | 388 | (388 | )B | - | |||||||||||
Interest expense |
(83,864 | ) | (7,737 | ) | 7,737 | B | (83,864 | ) | ||||||||
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
11,752 | (4,212 | ) | 5,074 | 12,614 | |||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(3,243 | ) | 43 | 247 | D | (2,953 | ) | |||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
8,509 | (4,169 | ) | 5,321 | 9,661 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest |
347 | - | - | 347 | ||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) available to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
$ | 8,162 | $ | (4,169 | ) | $ | 5,321 | $ | 9,314 | |||||||
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Accretion of Class L preference |
79,211 | 79,211 | ||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class L preference for vested options |
5,436 | 5,436 | ||||||||||||||
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Net loss available to common shareholders |
$ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (75,333 | ) | ||||||||||
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Allocation of net (loss) income to common stockholdersbasic and diluted: |
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Class L |
$ | 79,211 | $ | 79,211 | ||||||||||||
Class A |
$ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (75,333 | ) | ||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
59.73 | 59.73 | ||||||||||||||
Class Abasic and diluted |
(12.62 | ) | (12.43 | ) | ||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
1,326,206 | 1,326,206 | ||||||||||||||
Class Abasic and diluted |
6,058,512 | 6,058,512 |
37
Notes to Pro Forma Combined Condensed Statements of Operations
Note 1 Basis of Presentation
We accounted for the acquisition of Kidsunlimited under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The assets and liabilities have been measured based on estimates and valuations using assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on information currently available. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities was allocated to goodwill.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 illustrate the effect of the acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2012.
The historical consolidated financial information has been adjusted in the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition, factually supportable, and with respect to the statement of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results.
The financial information for Kidsunlimited was derived from the unaudited accounting records of Kidsunlimited after making adjustments to convert this financial information to U.S. GAAP and accounting policies consistent with those used by the Company. Additionally, the financial statements of Kidsunlimited were originally prepared using pounds sterling as the reporting currency. These financial statements, including the U.S. GAAP adjustments and the pro forma adjustments presented herein, have been translated from pounds sterling to U.S. dollars using historic exchange rates in accordance with U.S. GAAP accounting guidance.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information has been presented for informational purposes only. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements were prepared in accordance with regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and should not be considered indicative of the financial position or results of operations that would have occurred if the acquisition had been consummated on the dates indicated, nor are they indicative of the future financial position or results of operations of the combined company. There were no transactions between the Company and Kidsunlimited during the periods presented in the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements that would need to be eliminated. The unaudited pro forma adjustments are based on currently available information and certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable and supportable.
The transaction consummated by the acquisition has been accounted for under U.S. GAAP guidance. The acquisition accounting is dependent upon certain valuations and other studies that are currently subject to finalization. Accordingly, the pro forma adjustments included herein are preliminary and have been made solely for the purpose of providing unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information and may be revised as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses are performed. Differences between these preliminary estimates reflected in these unaudited combined condensed financial statements and the final acquisition accounting may occur and these differences could have a material impact on the accompanying unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial statements and the combined Companys future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information does not reflect any cost savings, operating synergies or revenue enhancements that the combined company may achieve as a result of the acquisition or the costs to integrate the operations of the Company and Kidsunlimited or the costs necessary to achieve these cost savings, operating synergies and revenue enhancements.
38
Note 2 Pro Forma Adjustments
A Amortization of Identifiable Intangibles
Adjustments to amortization were made to reflect the amortization of acquired intangible assets as if the acquisition had taken place January 1, 2012.
Intangible assets related to customer relationships amounted to $5.7 million that will be amortized over five years, using an accelerated method. Intangible assets related to corporate relationships and trade names amounted to $9.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Corporate relationships will be amortized over approximately ten years and trade names over eight years using the straight-line method. Unfavorable lease interests in the amount of $1.8 million were recorded, which are amortized to rent expense over the remaining term of the respective leases.
B Interest Expense and Interest Rate Swaps
Adjustments to interest expense were made to reverse the interest expense recognized by Kidsunlimited related to its long-term debt as this interest expense is a nonrecurring expense since the debt was paid off at the time of the acquisition.
Additionally, adjustments were made to reverse the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap recognized by Kidsunlimited as the interest rate swap was terminated at the time of the acquisition in conjunction with the related debt being paid off.
C Deal Costs
Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses were made to reverse the deal costs incurred by the Company and Kidsunlimited in relation to the acquisition of Kidsunlimited, as these are nonrecurring expenses.
D Income Taxes
Adjustments to income taxes were made to reflect the income tax expense related to the pro forma adjustments based on the statutory rates for the respective jurisdictions.
39
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR THE ACQUISITION OF HUNTYARD LIMITED
On May 23, 2012, we acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Huntyard Limited (Huntyard), the parent company of Casterbridge Care and Education Group Ltd (Casterbridge), a company that operates 27 child care and early education centers in the United Kingdom, for cash consideration of $110.8 million. In conjunction with this acquisition, we recorded goodwill of $49.6 million and other intangible assets with fair values of $6.0 million, consisting of customer relationships and trade names. A deferred tax liability of $1.5 million was recorded related to the intangible assets for the amortization that is not deductible for tax purposes. See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for details on the purchase price allocation. In connection with this acquisition, we amended our credit agreement governing our senior credit facilities to permit us to borrow an additional $85.0 million in Series C new term loans.
The following presents unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information for the year ended December 31, 2012. An unaudited pro forma balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 is not presented because Huntyards balance sheet, including related acquisition adjustments, is included in the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of such date. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information has been prepared from, and should be read in conjunction with, the respective historical consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company and Huntyard included in this prospectus.
The historical profit and loss accounts of Huntyard have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United Kingdom (UK GAAP). For the purpose of presenting the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information, the profit and loss accounts for Huntyard have been adjusted to conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (US GAAP) as described in note 29 in the audited financial statements for Huntyard included in this prospectus. In addition, the historical financial statements of Huntyard were presented in pounds sterling. For the purpose of presenting the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information, the adjusted income statement of Huntyard has been translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period presented. The pro forma acquisition adjustments described in the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information were based on available information and certain assumptions made by us.
The unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial information included in this prospectus is not intended to represent what our results of operations would have been if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012 or to project our results of operations for any future period. Since the Company and Huntyard were not under common control or management for any period presented, the unaudited pro forma combined condensed financial results may not be comparable to, or indicative of, future performance.
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Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. and Huntyard Limited
Pro forma Combined Condensed Statement of Operations
For the year ended December 31, 2012
(In thousands, except for share data)
Bright Horizons |
Huntyard in US GAAP (in US $) from January 1, 2012 through May 22, 2012 (Date of Acquisition) |
Pro forma Adjustments |
Pro forma Combined |
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Revenue |
$ | 1,070,938 | $ | 17,440 | $ | - | $ | 1,088,378 | ||||||||
Cost of services |
825,168 | 12,206 | - | 837,374 | ||||||||||||
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Gross Profit |
245,770 | 5,234 | - | 251,004 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
123,373 | 1,324 | (469 | )D | 124,228 | |||||||||||
Amortization |
26,933 | 110 | 869 | A | 27,912 | |||||||||||
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Income from operations |
95,464 | 3,800 | (400 | ) | 98,864 | |||||||||||
Interest income |
152 | - | - | 152 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(83,864 | ) | (1,011 | ) | (866 | )B | (85,741 | ) | ||||||||
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
11,752 | 2,789 | (1,266 | ) | 13,275 | |||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
(3,243 | ) | (865 | ) | 595 | C | (3,513 | ) | ||||||||
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Net Income (loss) |
8,509 | 1,924 | (671 | ) | 9,762 | |||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest |
347 | - | - | 347 | ||||||||||||
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Net Income (loss) available to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
$ | 8,162 | $ | 1,924 | $ | (671 | ) | $ | 9,415 | |||||||
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Accretion of Class L preference |
79,211 | 79,211 | ||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class L preference for vested options |
5,436 | 5,436 | ||||||||||||||
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Net loss available to common shareholders |
$ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (75,232 | ) | ||||||||||
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Allocation of net (loss) income to common stockholdersbasic and diluted: |
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Class L |
$ | 79,211 | $ | 79,211 | ||||||||||||
Class A |
$ | (76,485 | ) | $ | (75,232 | ) | ||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
59.73 | 59.73 | ||||||||||||||
Class Abasic and diluted |
(12.62 | ) | (12.42 | ) | ||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
1,326,206 | 1,326,206 | ||||||||||||||
Class Abasic and diluted |
6,058,512 | 6,058,512 |
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Notes to Pro Forma Combined Condensed Statements of Operations
Note 1 Basis of Presentation
We accounted for the acquisition of Huntyard under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their respective fair values as of the date of the acquisition. The assets and liabilities have been measured based on estimates and valuations using assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on information currently available. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated amounts of identifiable assets and liabilities was allocated to goodwill.
Note 2 Pro Forma Adjustments
A Amortization
Adjustments to amortization were made to reflect the amortization of acquired intangible assets as if the acquisition had taken place January 1, 2012. Intangible assets of $4.7 million were recorded related to customer relationships that will be amortized over five years, using an accelerated method. Intangible assets of $1.3 million were recorded related to trade names that will be amortized over seven years, using the straight-line method.
B Interest Expense
Adjustments to interest expense were made to reflect the following:
(1) | Series C new term loansThe Company borrowed the entire amount of the $85.0 million incremental facility under our previous credit agreement governing our then-existing senior credit facilities for the purchase of Huntyard. Adjustments were made to interest expense to reflect the new debt as being outstanding January 1, 2012, applying an annual interest rate of 5.25%, consistent with the rate in effect as of May 23, 2012, to the outstanding debt balances. In addition, adjustments were made to reflect interest expense for the amortization of the original issue discount and deferred financing fees related to the new debt. |
(2) | Huntyard debtAdjustments were made to reverse the interest expense recognized by Huntyard related to its long-term debt, as this interest expense is a nonrecurring expense since the debt was paid off at the time of the acquisition. |
C Income Taxes
Adjustments to income taxes were made to reflect the income tax benefit of the pro forma adjustments related to the amortization of intangibles and interest expense based on the statutory rates for the respective jurisdictions.
D Deal Costs
Adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses were made to reverse the deal costs incurred by the Company in relation to the acquisition of Huntyard, as these are nonrecurring expenses.
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MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Selected Consolidated Financial Data and the audited and unaudited historical consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and generally contain words such as believes, expects, may, will, should, seeks, approximately, intends, plans, estimates, anticipates or similar expressions. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied by the forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and currently available data and are neither predictions nor guarantees of future events or performance. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. See Risk Factors and Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements for a discussion of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a leading provider of high-quality child care and early education as well as other services designed to help employers and families better address the challenges of work and life. We provide services primarily under multi-year contracts with employers who offer child care and other dependent care solutions as part of their employee benefits packages to improve their employee engagement, productivity, recruitment and retention. As of September 30, 2013, we had more than 850 client relationships with employers across a diverse array of industries, including more than 130 Fortune 500 companies and 80 of Working Mother magazines 2013 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers.
At September 30, 2013, we operated 880 child care and early education centers, consisting of 644 centers in North America and 236 centers in Europe and India. We have the capacity to serve approximately 99,300 children in 42 states, the District of Columbia, the United Kingdom, Puerto Rico, Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and India. We seek to cluster centers in geographic areas to enhance operating efficiencies and to create a leading market presence. Our North American child care and early education centers have an average capacity of 127 children per location, while the centers in Europe and India have an average capacity of 75 children per location.
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We operate centers for a diverse group of clients. At September 30, 2013, we managed child care centers on behalf of single employers in the following industries and also manage lease/consortium locations in approximately the following proportions:
Percentage of Centers | ||||||||
Classification |
North America | Europe | ||||||
Single employer locations: |
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Consumer |
7.5 | % | 2.5 | % | ||||
Financial Services |
10.0 | 2.5 | ||||||
Government |
10.0 | 7.5 | ||||||
Higher Education |
7.5 | 5.0 | ||||||
Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals |
17.5 | 5.0 | ||||||
Industrial/Manufacturing |
5.0 | 2.5 | ||||||
Professional Services and Other |
7.5 | - | ||||||
Technology |
5.0 | 2.5 | ||||||
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70.0 | 27.5 | |||||||
Lease/consortium locations |
30.0 | 72.5 | ||||||
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100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
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Segments
Our primary reporting segments are full service center-based care services and back-up dependent care services. Full service center-based care includes child care and early education, preschool and elementary education. Back-up dependent care includes center-based back-up child care, in-home well child care, in home mildly ill child care and in home adult/elder care. Our remaining business services are included in the other educational advisory services segment, which includes our college preparation and admissions counseling services as well as tuition reimbursement management and educational counseling services.
Center Models
We operate our centers under two principal business models, which we refer to as profit & loss (P&L) and cost-plus. Approximately 75% of our centers operate under the P&L model. Under this model, we retain financial risk for child care and early education centers and are therefore subject to variability in financial performance due to fluctuation in enrollment levels. The P&L model is further classified into two subcategories: (i) the sponsor model and (ii) the lease/consortium model. Under the sponsor model, we provide child care and early education services on a priority enrollment basis for employees of an employer sponsor, and the employer sponsor generally pays facility, pre-opening and start-up capital equipment and maintenance costs. Our operating contracts typically have initial terms ranging from three to ten years. Under the lease/consortium model, the child care center is typically located in an office building or office park in a property that we lease, and we provide these services to the employees of multiple employers. We typically negotiate initial lease terms of 10 to 15 years for these centers, often with renewal options.
When we open a new P&L center, it generally takes two to three years for the center to ramp up to a steady state level of enrollment, as a center will typically enroll younger children at the outset and children age into the older (preschool) classrooms over time. We refer to centers that have been open for three years or less as ramping centers. A center will typically achieve breakeven operating performance between 12 to 24 months and will typically achieve a steady state level of enrollment that supports our average center operating profit by the end of three years, although the period needed to reach a steady state level of enrollment may be longer or shorter. Centers that have been open more than three years are referred to as mature centers.
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Approximately 25% of our centers operate under the cost-plus business model. Under this model, we receive a management fee from the employer sponsor and an additional operating subsidy from the employer to supplement tuition paid by parents of children in the center. Under this model, the employer sponsor typically pays facility, pre-opening and start-up capital equipment and maintenance costs, and the center is profitable from the outset. Our cost-plus contracts typically have initial terms ranging from three to five years. For additional information about the way we operate our centers, see BusinessOur Business Models.
Performance and Growth Factors
We believe that 2012 was a successful year for the Company. Our income from operations increased by 9.9%, from $86.8 million in 2011 to $95.5 million in 2012. In addition, we added 50 child care and early education centers with a total capacity of approximately 5,900 children, including 27 centers through the acquisition of Casterbridge. In 2012, we closed 28 centers, resulting in a net increase of 22 centers for the year.
Our year-over-year improvement in operating income can be attributed to enrollment gains in ramping and mature centers, disciplined pricing strategies aimed at covering anticipated cost increases with tuition increases, contributions from back-up dependent care services and contributions from mature centers obtained through acquisitions and added through transitions of management.
General economic conditions and the business climate in which individual clients operate remain some of the largest variables in terms of our future performance. These variables impact client capital and operating spending budgets, industry specific sales leads and the overall sales cycle, enrollment levels, as well as labor markets and wage rates as competition for human capital fluctuates.
Our ability to increase operating income will depend upon our ability to sustain the following characteristics of our business:
| maintenance and incremental growth of enrollment in our mature and ramping centers, and cost management in response to changes in enrollment in our centers, |
| effective pricing strategies, including typical annual tuition increases of 3% to 4%, consistent with typical annual increases in personnel costs, including wages and benefits, |
| additional growth in expanded service offerings to clients, |
| successful integration of acquisitions and transitions of management of centers, and |
| successful management and improvement of underperforming centers. |
Cost Factors
Our most significant expense is cost of services. Cost of services consists of direct expenses associated with the operation of our centers, direct expenses to provide back-up dependent care services (including fees to back-up dependent care providers) and direct expenses to provide educational advisory services. Direct expenses consist primarily of staff salaries, taxes and benefits, food costs, program supplies and materials, parent marketing and facilities costs, including occupancy costs and depreciation. Personnel costs are the largest component of a centers operating costs, and, on a weighted average basis, comprise approximately 75% of a centers operating expenses. We are typically responsible for additional costs in a P&L model center as compared to a cost-plus model center. As a result, personnel costs in centers operating under the P&L model will typically represent a smaller proportion of overall costs when compared to the centers operating under the cost-plus model.
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We are highly leveraged. As of September 30, 2013, consolidated total debt was $804.7 million under our senior secured term loan facility and revolving credit facility entered into on January 30, 2013. Historically, a large portion of our cash flows from operations has been used to make interest payments on our indebtedness.
Seasonality
Our business is subject to seasonal and quarterly fluctuations. Demand for child care and early education and elementary school services has historically decreased during the summer months when school is not in session, at which time families are often on vacation or have alternative child care arrangements. In addition, our enrollment declines as older children transition to elementary schools. Demand for our services generally increases in September and October coinciding with the beginning of the new school year and remains relatively stable throughout the rest of the school year. In addition, use of our back-up dependent care services tends to be higher when schools are not in session and during holiday periods, which can increase the operating costs of the program and impact the results of operations. Results of operations may also fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of, among other things, the performance of existing centers, including enrollment and staffing fluctuations, the number and timing of new center openings, acquisitions and management transitions, the length of time required for new centers to achieve profitability, center closings, refurbishment or relocation, the contract model mix (P&L versus cost-plus) of new and existing centers, the timing and level of sponsorship payments, competitive factors and general economic conditions.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The accounting policies we believe are critical in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements relate to revenue recognition, goodwill and other intangibles and common stock valuation and stock-based compensation. Our significant accounting policies are more fully described under the heading Organization and Significant Accounting Policies in note 1 to our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus.
Revenue RecognitionWe recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the fee is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We recognize revenue as services are performed.
Center-based care revenues consist primarily of tuition, which is comprised of amounts paid by parents, supplemented in some cases by payments from employer sponsors and, to a lesser extent, by payments from government agencies. Revenue may also include management fees, operating subsidies paid either in lieu of or to supplement parent tuition and fees for other services.
We enter into contracts under various terms with employer sponsors to manage and operate their child care centers and to provide back-up dependent care services and educational advisory services. Our contracts to operate child care and early education centers are generally three to ten years in length with varying renewal options. Our contracts for back-up dependent care arrangements and for educational advisory services are generally one to three years in length with varying renewal options.
We record deferred revenue for prepaid tuition and management fees and amounts received from consulting projects in advance of services being performed. We are also a party to certain agreements
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where the performance of services extends beyond an annual operating cycle. In these circumstances, we record a long-term obligation and recognize revenue over the period of the agreement as the services are rendered.
Goodwill and Intangible AssetsGoodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Our intangible assets principally consist of various contractual rights and customer relationships and trade names. Identified intangible assets that have determinable useful lives are valued separately from goodwill and are amortized over the estimated period during which we derive a benefit. Intangible assets related to customer relationships include relationships with employer clients and relationships with parents. Customer relationships with parents are amortized using an accelerated method over their useful lives. All other intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over their useful lives.
In valuing the customer relationships, contractual rights and trade names, we utilize variations of the income approach, which relies on historical financial and qualitative information, as well as assumptions and estimates for projected financial information. We consider the income approach the most appropriate valuation technique because the inherent value of these assets is their ability to generate current and future income. Projected financial information is subject to risk if our estimates are incorrect. The most significant estimate relates to our projected revenues and profitability. If we do not meet the projected revenues and profitability used in the valuation calculations, then the intangible assets could be impaired. In determining the value of contractual rights and customer relationships, we reviewed historical customer attrition rates and determined a rate of approximately 30% per year for relationships with parents, and approximately 3.5% to 4.0% for employer client relationships. Our multi-year contracts with client customers typically result in low annual turnover, and our long-term relationships with clients make it difficult for competitors to displace us. The value of our contractual rights and customer relationships intangible assets could become impaired if future results differ significantly from any of the underlying assumptions, including a higher customer attrition rate. Contractual rights and customer relationships are considered to be finite-lived assets, with estimated lives ranging from four to 17 years. Certain trade names acquired as part of our strategy to expand by completing strategic acquisitions are considered to be finite-lived assets, with estimated lives ranging from five to ten years. The estimated lives were determined by calculating the number of years necessary to obtain 95% of the value of the discounted cash flows of the respective intangible asset.
Goodwill and certain trade names are considered indefinite-lived assets. Our trade names identify us and differentiate us from competitors, and, therefore, competition does not limit the useful life of these assets. Additionally, we believe that our primary trade names will continue to generate sales for an indefinite period. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not subject to amortization but are tested annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment. We test goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit, determined by estimating the present value of expected future cash flows, to its carrying value. We have identified three reporting segments: full service center-based care, back-up dependent care and other educational advisory services. As part of the annual goodwill impairment assessment, we estimated the fair value of each of our operating segments using the income approach. We forecasted future cash flows by operating segment for each of the next ten years and applied a long-term growth rate to the final year of forecasted cash flows. The cash flows were then discounted using our estimated discount rate. We compare the estimated fair value to the net book value of the operating segment to determine whether we need to perform step 2 of the analysis. The estimated fair value of the operating segment has exceeded the net book value and therefore, there has been no indication of goodwill impairment.
For certain trademarks that are included in our indefinite-lived intangible assets, we estimate the fair value first by estimating the total revenue attributable to each trademark and then by applying the royalty rate determined by an analysis of empirical, market-derived royalty rates for guideline intangible
47
assets, consistent with the initial valuation, or 1% to 2% and then comparing the estimated fair value of the trademarks with the carrying value of the trademarks. The forecasts of revenue and profitability growth for use in our long-range plan and the discount rate were the key assumptions in our intangible fair value analysis. Impairment losses of $0.4 million were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2011 and in 2012 in relation to the carrying value of one indefinite-lived trademark. We identified no impairments in 2010.
Long-lived assets, including definite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recovered. Long-lived assets are considered to be impaired if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset over its remaining useful life. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value and is charged to results of operations at that time. We identified impairments of long-lived assets of $0.1 million in 2010, $0.8 million in 2011, and $0.3 million in 2012.
Common Stock Valuation and Stock-Based CompensationWe account for stock-based compensation using a fair value method. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in our consolidated financial statements based on the grant-date fair value of the awards for the awards that are expected to vest. For stock options granted with a service condition only, stock-compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of each separately vesting tranche. For stock options granted with a service and performance condition, stock-compensation expense will be recognized upon a change in control, as defined in our 2008 Equity Incentive Plan, or the closing of an initial public offering, to the extent that the requisite service period is already fulfilled. We calculate the fair value of options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
Valuations and Methodology
The fair value of our common stock and Class L common stock underlying our options was initially determined by the board of directors in May 2008 in connection with our going private transaction. The key assumption in determining the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant is the fair value of the underlying common stock. This fair value determination was made by the board and was based on consideration of managements estimates of projected financial performance, which included consideration of a contemporaneous valuation performed by an independent third-party valuation specialist in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, which we refer to as the AICPA Practice Aid. This valuation relied on a determination of enterprise value based on market multiples demonstrated explicitly by the going private transaction and on the probability weighted expected return method (PWERM) for the allocation of the value of the invested capital to the two classes of stock. We updated this valuation internally at the end of each of 2009 and 2010 and in the third quarter of 2011, and these internal valuations were used by our compensation committee of the board of directors in connection with a limited number of additional option grants to our employees in the subsequent year or period.
The fair value of our common stock as of December 31, 2011 was determined by the board of directors after consideration of managements estimates of projected financial performance, which included consideration of a contemporaneous valuation performed by an independent third-party valuation specialist in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the AICPA Practice Aid, which valuation was performed on a basis consistent with the third-party valuation performed in 2008. This valuation relied on a determination of enterprise value based on a discounted present value of our projected cash flows in future periods. This fair value determination was considered by our board of directors in connection with the offer to exchange outstanding employee options to purchase common
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stock for options to purchase a combination of shares of common stock and Class L common stock as well as for certain additional grants of options in the second quarter of 2012.
In anticipation of our initial public offering, we undertook to confirm that the stock compensation expense taken by the Company in connection with stock option grants during the second quarter of 2012 was reasonable. In doing so, we considered a retrospective valuation as of March 31, 2012 performed by an independent third-party valuation specialist in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the AICPA Practice Aid, which valuation was performed on a basis consistent with the third-party valuation performed in 2008. This valuation relied on a determination of enterprise value based on a discounted present value of our projected cash flows in future periods. After considering the valuation report, we determined that the valuations as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were substantially similar and concluded that the boards determinations of fair value as of April 4, 2012 and May 2, 2012 were reasonable and appropriate as of such dates.
The total equity value at each valuation date was allocated to common stock and Class L common stock based on the PWERM methodology, which involved a forward-looking analysis of possible future exit valuations based on a range of multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, straight line rent expense, stock compensation expense, transaction costs expensed in connection with acquisitions completed in the respective periods (including costs associated with our going private transaction), Sponsor management fee and the annual expense associated with certain long-term incentive plans other than stock options (which we refer to for these purposes as EBITDA) at various future exit dates, the estimation of future and present values under each outcome and the application of a probability factor to each outcome. Returns to each class of stock as of each possible future exit date and under each EBITDA multiple scenario were calculated by (i) first allocating equity value to the Class L common stock up to the amount of its preferential distribution amount at the assumed exit date and (ii) allocating any residual equity value to the common stock and Class L common stock on a participating basis. No marketability discount was imposed at each valuation date.
The significant assumptions underlying the common stock valuations at each grant date were as follows:
Discounted Cash Flow | PWERM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Valuation Date |
Fair Value per Class A Common Share |
Market Approach EBITDA Multiples(1) |
Perpetuity Growth Rate |
Discount Rate(2) |
EBITDA Multiple(3) |
Weighted Average Years to Exit |
Common Stock Discount Rate |
Class L Common Stock Discount Rate |
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May 28, 2008 |
$ | 10.00 | (4) | 10.5x | not used | not used | 6.5x-14.5x | 3.7 | 44.00 | % | 16.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
October 1 and October 11, 2011 |
$ | 10.89 | (4) | 9.5x | not used | not used | 9.5x | 2.9 | 54.60 | % | 15.20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
April 4, 2012 |
$ | 6.09 | (4) | 9.5x | 3.00 | % | 12.80 | % | 8.6x-9.5x | 3.0 | 56.70 | % | 16.30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2012 |
$ | 6.09 | (4) | 9.5x | 3.00 | % | 12.80 | % | 8.6x-9.5x | 3.0 | 56.70 | % | 16.30 | % |
(1) | For the valuation at May 28, 2008, the market approach multiple represents the implied value of our company as of May 28, 2008, as the determination of the going private transaction price was based upon an arms-length bidding process for a publicly-traded entity. For the valuation supporting the October 2011 awards, the market multiple represents the implied value based on consideration of market data for a consistent group of guideline companies in the education sector. For the valuation supporting the April 4, 2012 and May 2, 2012 grants, the market approach was considered but ultimately not relied upon for a conclusion of fair value given the lack of publicly-traded competitors in the child care industry and the resulting limited comparability of other education companies to us. |
(2) | Represents the weighted average cost of capital. |
(3) | For the valuation at May 28, 2008, core EBITDA multiples of 9.5x to 11.5x were utilized and given the greatest weighting in the analysis (70%). Extreme case multiples of 6.5x, 7.5x, 8.5x, 12.5x, 13.5x and 14.5x were also employed but were given less weight than the core multiples, with a combined weighting of 15% below 9.5x and 15% above 11.5x. |
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(4) | Does not give effect to the 1-for-1.9704 reverse split of our Class A common stock, the conversion of our Class L common stock into Class A common stock at a ratio of 35.1955 shares of Class A common stock for each share of Class L common stock and subsequent reclassification of the Class A common stock into common stock effected January 11, 2013. We refer to this as the reclassification. |
Equity Awards
Aggregate option grants between May 28, 2008, the date of our going private transaction, and December 31, 2011 were as follows (without giving effect to the reclassification): 1,257,750 options on Class A common shares in 2008 (fair value of $10.00 per share and exercise price of $10.00 per share), 28,300 options on Class A common shares in 2009 (fair value of $10.00 per share and exercise price of $10.00 per share), 71,600 options on Class A common shares in 2010 (fair value of $5.09 per share and exercise price of $10.00 per share), 89,350 options on Class A common shares in April 2011 (fair value of $9.02 per share and exercise price of $10.00 per share) and 41,650 Class A common shares in October 2011 (fair value of $10.89 per share and exercise price of $11.00 per share). On May 2, 2012, 1,401,750 options to acquire Class A common shares were exchanged for options to acquire 815,670 Class A common shares, and options to acquire 90,630 Class L common shares. In addition, on April 4, 2012 and May 2, 2012, a total of 293,004 options to acquire our Class A common shares, and 32,556 options to acquire Class L common shares were also awarded. The fair values and exercise prices for these awards were $6.09 per Class A common share and $511.51 per Class L common share. Prior to the option exchange, our employee stock options (other than continuation options relating to our going private transaction and related awards) were options to purchase only shares of our Class A common stock. In contrast, our investor stockholders held shares of both our Class A common stock and our Class L common stock in a ratio of nine shares of our Class A common stock for every one share of our Class L common stock (or 4.9 shares of our Class A common stock for every one share of our Class L common stock after retroactively giving effect to the 1-for-1.9704 reverse split of our Class A common stock effected January 11, 2013). Our Class L common stock had a preferential payment right upon any liquidating distribution by us to holders of our capital stock. As a result, until the entire preference amount was paid out in respect of all outstanding shares of Class L common stock, holders of only shares of Class A common stock (or options to purchase only shares of Class A common stock) were not entitled to receive any portion of such liquidating distribution and, as a result, changes in the value of our equity would not be experienced in the same manner by our investors and our employee optionholders.
We determined in late January 2012 to pursue an option exchange in an attempt to better align the interests of our investor shareholders and our employee optionholders. Specifically, the option exchange was intended to provide an opportunity for existing optionholders to participate on the same basis as our investor shareholders in any equity value that was created through the growth and performance of our business, rather than having optionholders participate in liquidating distributions only after payment of the Class L preferred return. The exchange ratio was selected to provide an approximately equivalent net equity value opportunity to optionholders as the existing option awards, with the new option grants made at the money for options to acquire both shares of Class A common stock and shares of Class L common stock.
In connection with the option exchange, as described above, we obtained a contemporaneous valuation of our equity as of December 31, 2011 from an independent third-party valuation specialist, which was conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the AIPCA Practice Aid, and which valuation was performed on a basis consistent with the third-party valuation performed in 2008. The valuation relied on a determination of enterprise value based on a discounted present value of our projected cash flows in future periods. After receiving such contemporaneous valuation, our board of directors approved the option exchange offer on March 9, 2012, including the exchange ratio and the exercise price for new awards (subject to such exercise price being determined by the board to be at least equal to the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant). We commenced the option
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exchange offer on March 26, 2012 and we completed the option exchange (and issued the new option awards) on May 2, 2012. All eligible optionholders participated in the option exchange, which resulted in our equity holders holding equity in the same ratio of nine shares of Class A common stock (or options to purchase such shares) for every one share of Class L common stock (or options to purchase such shares). After giving effect to the reclassification, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,108,674 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $6.09 per share that were awarded in 2012 in connection with the option exchange or other grants, became exercisable for an aggregate of 562,652 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $12.00 per common share. In addition, options to purchase an aggregate of 123,186 shares of our Class L common stock at an exercise price of $511.51 per share that were awarded in 2012 in connection with the option exchange or other grants became exercisable for an aggregate of 4,335,592 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $14.54 per common share. In the aggregate, as of December 31, 2012 after giving effect to the reclassification, we had outstanding options to purchase 5,036,179 shares of our common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $13.84 per common share.
From October 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012, we granted stock options to our employees as follows:
Options to purchase shares of Class A common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As Granted | After Giving Effect to the Reclassification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grant Date |
Number of Underlying Shares |
Exercise Price |
Fair Value of Class A Common Stock |
Fair Value of Stock Option(6) |
Number of Underlying Shares |
Exercise Price(7) |
Fair Value of Common Stock |
Fair Value of Stock Option(6) |
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October 1, 2011 |
21,000 | (1) | $ | 11.00 | (2) | $ | 10.89 | $ | 6.15 | 10,657 | $ | 21.67 | $ | 21.45 | $ | 12.11 | ||||||||||||||||
October 11, 2011 |
20,650 | (1) | $ | 11.00 | (2) | $ | 10.89 | $ | 6.16 | 10,479 | $ | 21.67 | $ | 21.45 | $ | 12.13 | ||||||||||||||||
April 4, 2012 |
81,684 | $ | 6.09 | (3) | $ | 6.09 | $ | 2.90 | 41,454 | $ | 12.00 | $ | 12.00 | $ | 5.71 | |||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2012(5) |
815,670 | $ | 6.09 | (4) | $ | 6.09 | $ | 2.90 | 413,952 | $ | 12.00 | $ | 12.00 | $ | 5.71 | |||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2012 |
211,320 | $ | 6.09 | (4) | $ | 6.09 | $ | 3.70 | 107,244 | $ | 12.00 | $ | 12.00 | $ | 7.29 |
Options to purchase shares of Class L common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As Granted | After Giving Effect to the Reclassification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Grant Date |
Number of Underlying Shares |
Exercise Price |
Fair Value of Class L Common Stock |
Fair Value of Stock Option(6) |
Number of Underlying Shares |
Exercise Price(7) |
Fair Value of Common Stock |
Fair Value of Stock Option(6) |
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April 4, 2012 |
9,076 | $ | 511.51 | (3) | $ | 511.51 | $ | 243.96 | 319,434 | $ | 14.54 | $ | 14.53 | $ | 6.93 | |||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2012(5) |
90,630 | $ | 511.51 | (4) | $ | 511.51 | $ | 243.96 | 3,189,768 | $ | 14.54 | $ | 14.53 | $ | 6.93 | |||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2012 |
23,480 | $ | 511.51 | (4) | $ | 511.51 | $ | 310.31 | 826,390 | $ | 14.54 | $ | 14.53 | $ | 8.82 |
(1) | Options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock granted in October 2011 were exchanged on May 2, 2012 as part of the option exchange transaction in the ratio and on the terms discussed above and elsewhere herein. |
(2) | Determined based on the fair value of our equity, as determined by our board of directors based on an updated internal valuation as of September 30, 2011. |
(3) | Determined based on the fair value of our equity, as determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors, on April 4, 2012. The most recent contemporaneous valuation was as of December 31, 2011 and reflected our consideration of a third-party valuation as of December 31, 2011 that was delivered to us on March 6, 2012. |
(4) | Determined based on the fair value of our equity, as determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors, on May 2, 2012. The most recent contemporaneous valuation was as of December 31, 2011 and reflected our consideration of a third-party valuation as of December 31, 2011 that was delivered to us on March 6, 2012. |
(5) | Represents stock options granted pursuant to the option exchange transaction described above and under ManagementEquity Plan. |
(6) | Calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions: for the October 2011 Class A option awards, the expected stock price volatility was 82%, the risk free interest rate was 0.63% and the expected life of the stock options was 3.6 years. For the stock option awards in 2012, which were awarded in the |
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ratio of options to purchase nine shares of Class A common stock for each option to purchase one share of Class L common stock, the expected stock price volatility was 87%, the risk free interest rate was 0.37% and the expected life of the stock options was 2.6 years. For all stock option awards in all periods, our expected dividend yield was 0.0%. |
(7) | Reflects the fair value of the common stock rounded up to the nearest whole cent. |
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance for the modification of existing stock option awards, we used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to compute the fair value of the stock options immediately before and immediately after the modification. Based on this methodology, we determined that the fair value of stock options to purchase shares of Class A common stock was $3.21 per share before the modification and $2.90 per share after the modification, and the fair value of stock options to purchase shares of Class L common stock was $243.96 per share after the modification. On the basis of the foregoing, we determined an estimated total stock compensation charge, net of estimated forfeitures, of $19.0 million associated with the option exchange. We expensed $13.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 of this total compensation charge for the requisite service period already fulfilled. We will expense the remainder of this stock compensation charge as the service period and performance conditions are met. Approximately $5.0 million of the portion of the unrecognized compensation expense at December 31, 2012 relates to the stock options that have a performance condition that was achieved upon the completion of our initial public offering on January 30, 2013 and was expensed in the first quarter of 2013.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth statement of operations data as a percentage of revenue for each of the three years ended December 31, 2012, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands, except percentages).
Years Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 878,159 | 100.0 | % | $ | 973,701 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,070,938 | 100.0 | % | $ | 797,512 | 100.0 | % | $ | 899,599 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of services(1) |
698,264 | 79.5 | % | 766,500 | 78.7 | % | 825,168 | 77.1 | % | 614,847 | 77.1 | % | 689,879 | 76.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
179,895 | 20.5 | % | 207,201 | 21.3 | % | 245,770 | 22.9 | % | 182,665 | 22.9 | % | 209,720 | 23.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses(2) |
83,601 | 9.5 | % | 92,938 | 9.5 | % | 123,373 | 11.5 | % | 94,847 | 11.9 | % | 109,048 | 12.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization |
27,631 | 3.2 | % | 27,427 | 2.9 | % | 26,933 | 2.5 | % | 20,298 | 2.5 | % | 22,049 | 2.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Income from operations |
68,663 | 7.8 | % | 86,836 | 8.9 | % | 95,464 | 8.9 | % | 67,520 | 8.5 | % | 78,623 | 8.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 63,682 | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest expense and other |
88,971 | 10.1 | % | 81,249 | 8.3 | % | 83,712 | 7.8 | % | 61,702 | 7.8 | % | 31,387 | 3.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(Loss) income before tax |
(20,308 | ) | (2.3 | )% | 5,587 | 0.6 | % | 11,752 | 1.1 | % | 5,818 | 0.7 | % | (16,446 | ) | (1.9 | )% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
10,314 | 1.2 | % | (825 | ) | (0.1 | )% | (3,243 | ) | (0.3 | )% | (1,536 | ) | (0.2 | )% | 5,114 | 0.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Net (loss) income |
$ | (9,994 | ) | (1.1 | )% | $ | 4,762 | 0.5 | % | $ | 8,509 | 0.8 | % | $ | 4,282 | 0.5 | % | $ | (11,332 | ) | (1.3 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
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(1) | Cost of services consists of direct expenses associated with the operation of child care centers, and direct expenses to provide back-up dependent care services, including fees to back-up care providers, and educational advisory services. Direct expenses consist primarily of salaries, taxes and benefits for personnel, food costs, program supplies and materials, parent marketing and facilities costs, which include occupancy costs and depreciation. |
(2) | Selling, general and administrative (SGA) expenses consist primarily of salaries, payroll taxes and benefits (including stock compensation costs) for corporate, regional and business development personnel. Other overhead costs include information technology, occupancy costs for corporate and regional personnel, professional services fees, including accounting and legal services, and other general corporate expenses. |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
Revenue. Revenue increased $102.1 million, or 12.8%, to $899.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 from $797.5 million for the same period in the prior year. Revenue growth is primarily attributable to contributions from new and ramping child care and early education centers, expanded sales
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of our back-up dependent care services and typical annual tuition increases of 3% to 4%. Revenue generated by full service center-based care services in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased by $85.7 million, or 12.4%, when compared to the same period in 2012. Our acquisitions of Kidsunlimited on April 10, 2013, Childrens Choice Learning Centers, Inc. (Childrens Choice) on July 22, 2013, and Casterbridge on May 23, 2012, contributed approximately $57.2 million of incremental revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Revenue generated by back-up dependent care services in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased by $12.8 million, or 13.5%, when compared to the same period in 2012. Additionally, revenue generated by other educational advisory services in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased by $3.6 million, or 27.8%, when compared to the same period in 2012.
Cost of Services. Cost of services increased $75.0 million, or 12.2%, to $689.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 when compared to the same period in the prior year. Cost of services in the full service center-based care services segment increased $66.7 million, or 12.1%, to $618.2 million in 2013. Personnel costs typically represent approximately 75% of total cost of services for this segment, and personnel costs increased 9.9% as a result of an 11.7% increase in overall enrollment and routine wage increases associated with centers that have been added since September 30, 2012. In addition, program supplies, materials, food and facilities costs increased 18.3% in connection with the enrollment growth and the incremental occupancy costs associated with centers that have been added since September 30, 2012. Cost of services in the back-up dependent care segment increased $6.0 million, or 10.7%, to $62.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013, primarily for personnel costs and for increased care provider fees associated with the higher levels of back-up services provided. Cost of services in the other educational advisory services segment increased by $2.3 million, or 32.5%, to $9.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due to personnel and technology costs related to the incremental sales of these services.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased $27.1 million, or 14.8%, to $209.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 when compared to the same period in the prior year, and as a percentage of revenue, increased to 23.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 from 22.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase is primarily due to contributions from acquired centers, increased enrollment in our mature and ramping P&L centers and expanded back-up services revenue with proportionately lower direct cost partially offset by training and integration costs of the 2013 acquisitions as well as costs associated with additional lease model centers in 2013.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SGA increased $14.2 million, or 15.0%, to $109.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to $94.8 million for the same period in the prior year, and as a percentage of revenue increased to 12.1% from 11.9% in the same period in the prior year. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 included a $7.5 million fee for the termination of the management agreement with Bain Capital Partners LLC (Sponsor termination fee), a $5.0 million stock-based compensation charge for certain stock options that vested upon completion of the initial public offering (performance-based stock compensation charge), $0.6 million of costs associated with the completion of a secondary offering of common shares and $3.5 million of acquisition related costs. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 included $15.1 million of incremental compensation associated with the modification of the previously existing awards and the issuance of immediately vested options and $1.4 million of expenses associated with the initial public offering. In addition to these items, SGA increased over the comparable period due primarily to continued investments in technology and marketing, incremental overhead related to the operations of the acquired businesses, an increase in compensation costs, including annual wage increases and stock-based compensation costs, as well as routine increases in SGA costs compared to the prior year.
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Amortization. Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $22.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $20.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 due to acquisitions previously described.
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $11.1 million, or 16.4%, to $78.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 when compared to the same period in 2012. Income from operations was 8.7% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to 8.5% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was due to the following:
| In the full service center-based care segment, income from operations increased $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 included an aggregate proportionate charge of $13.9 million for the Sponsor termination fee, the performance-based stock compensation charge, costs associated with the completion of a secondary offering of our common shares and acquisition related costs. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 included $12.2 million of incremental compensation costs associated with the modification of the previously existing awards and the issuance of immediately vested options as well as costs related to the initial public offering. Excluding the effect of these charges, income from operations increased $7.0 million in 2013 primarily due to the tuition increases and enrollment gains over the prior year as well as contributions from new and acquired centers that have been added since September 30, 2012, partially offset by incremental overhead from acquired centers during the integration period. |
| Income from operations for the back-up dependent care segment increased $5.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 included an aggregate proportionate charge of $1.9 million for the Sponsor termination fee and the performance-based stock compensation charge. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 included $3.0 million of incremental compensation associated with the modification of the previously existing awards and the issuance of immediately vested options. Excluding the effect of these charges, income from operations increased $3.9 million in 2013 due to the expanding revenue base. |
| Income from operations in the other educational advisory services segment increased $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 included an aggregate proportionate charge of $0.8 million for the Sponsor termination fee and the performance-based stock compensation charge. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 included $1.3 million of incremental compensation associated with the modification of the previously existing awards and the issuance of immediately vested options. Excluding the effect of these charges, income from operations increased $0.4 million in 2013. |
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt. In connection with the refinancing of all of our existing debt on January 30, 2013, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $63.7 million, which included the redemption premiums and the write-off of existing deferred financing costs.
Net Interest Expense and Other. Net interest expense and other decreased to $31.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 from $61.7 million for the same period in 2012 due to the debt refinancing completed on January 30, 2013, which reduced the rate at which interest is payable, and the reduction of the borrowings outstanding as a result of the use of proceeds from the initial public offering.
Income Tax Expense. We recorded an income tax benefit of $5.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to an income tax expense of $1.5 million during the comparable period in the prior year. The difference between the effective income tax of 31.1% and the statutory
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rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was due to the impact of permanent differences, primarily deductions allowed in foreign jurisdictions. Additionally, we recognized a previously unrecognized tax benefit of approximately $4.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 upon completion of a tax enquiry in the United Kingdom.
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2011
Revenue. Revenue increased $97.2 million, or 9.9%, to $1.07 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012 from $973.7 million for the prior year. Revenue growth is primarily attributable to contributions from new and ramping child care and early education centers, expanded sales of our back-up dependent care services and typical annual tuition increases of 3% to 4%. Revenue generated by full service center-based care services in the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $77.6 million, or 9.2%, when compared to 2011. Revenue generated by back-up dependent care services in the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $15.6 million, or 13.6%, when compared to the same period in 2011. Additionally, revenue generated by other educational advisory services in the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $4.0 million, or 27.7%, when compared to 2011.
Our acquisition of the 27 Casterbridge centers in the United Kingdom on May 23, 2012 contributed approximately $26.3 million of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2012 from the date of the acquisition. The acquisition of a majority interest in 20 centers in the Netherlands on July 20, 2011, contributed approximately $25.4 million of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $10.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 from the date of acquisition. At December 31, 2012, we operated 765 child care and early education centers compared to 743 centers at December 31, 2011.
Cost of Services. Cost of services increased $58.7 million, or 7.7%, to $825.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the prior year. Cost of services in the full service centers segment increased $52.1 million, or 7.6%, to $740.1 million in 2012. Personnel costs typically represent approximately 75% of total cost of services for this segment, and personnel costs increased 7.1% as a result of a 6.2% increase in overall enrollment and routine wage increases. In addition, program supplies, materials, food and facilities costs increased 6.9% in connection with the enrollment growth and the incremental occupancy costs associated with centers that have been added in 2011 and 2012. Cost of services in the back-up dependent care segment increased $5.6 million, or 8.0%, to $75.4 million in 2012, primarily for personnel costs and for increased care provider fees associated with the higher levels of back-up services provided. Cost of services in the other educational advisory services segment increased by $1.0 million, or 11.8%, to $9.7 million in 2012, as we realized economies of scale with existing personnel on the incremental sales of these services.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased $38.6 million, or 18.6%, to $245.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the prior year, and as a percentage of revenue, increased to 22.9% in the year ended December 31, 2012 from 21.3% in the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase is primarily due to the new and ramping P&L centers, which achieve proportionately lower levels of operating costs in relation to revenue as they ramp up enrollment to steady state levels, increased enrollment in our mature P&L centers and expanded back-up services revenue with proportionately lower direct cost of services.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SGA increased $30.4 million, or 32.7%, to $123.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $92.9 million for the same period in the prior year, and as a percentage of revenue increased to 11.5% from 9.5% in the same period in the prior year. The increase in SGA was primarily due to an increase in stock compensation expense. Stock compensation expense increased $16.4 million, from $1.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 to $17.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase primarily
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relates to our option exchange transaction that was completed on May 2, 2012. The increase was also due to the award of additional options to purchase a combination of shares of our Class A common stock and Class L common stock in the second quarter of 2012. The modification of the previously existing awards resulted in incremental stock compensation expense of $12.7 million, and the new option awards resulted in total incremental stock compensation expense of $2.5 million, for a combined incremental charge of $15.2 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2012 related to the requisite service period already fulfilled.
Excluding the incremental stock compensation expense totaling $15.2 million in 2012, SGA increased by $15.2 million, or 16.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. The additional increase in SGA is related to investments in technology and marketing, incremental overhead associated with acquisitions, including $3.3 million for our Netherlands operations acquired in July 2011 and $2.3 million for the 27 Casterbridge centers acquired on May 23, 2012, and routine increases in costs compared to the prior year, including annual wage increases. In addition, we incurred approximately $1.8 million in accounting and legal fees associated with preparing for our initial public offering and refinancing of our debt that were completed in January 2013.
Amortization. Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $26.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $27.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease relates to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized, partially offset by additional amortization for acquisitions completed in 2012.
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased by $8.6 million, or 9.9%, to $95.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the same period in 2011. Income from operations was 8.9% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012, consistent with the prior year. Excluding the impact of the incremental stock compensation charge of $15.2 million in the second quarter of 2012 described above, income from operations would have been $110.7 million, or 10.3% of revenue, an increase of $23.8 million, or 27.4%, from $86.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.
In the full service center-based care segment, income from operations increased $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, including a proportionate share of the incremental stock compensation expense of approximately $11.2 million that was included in SGA in the year ended December 31, 2012. Excluding this charge, the $12.7 million increase in 2012 reflects price increases and enrollment gains over the prior year as well as contributions from new centers that have been added in 2012. The back-up dependent care segment added $5.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. Excluding the proportionate share of the incremental stock compensation for this segment of $2.8 million, the back-up dependent care segment added $7.7 million in income from operations in the year ended December 31, 2012 due to the expanding revenue base and efficiencies of service delivery across a wider revenue base. Income from operations in the other educational advisory services segment increased $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011, and increased $3.4 million excluding this segments proportionate share of the incremental stock compensation. This increase reflects the higher sales volume in the 2012 period.
Interest Expense. At December 31, 2012, we had total borrowings outstanding of $928.3 million of term loans, senior subordinated notes and senior notes, including $85.0 million term loan used in May 2012 in connection with the Casterbridge acquisition, and we had access to an additional $75.0 million revolving line of credit. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $83.9 million compared to $82.9 million for the same period in 2011. The increase in interest expense is primarily related to the additional borrowings in May 2012, offset by a reduction in the interest rate attributable to the term loans as a result of the expiration of the interest rate floors on our Base and Euro rates on May 28, 2011.
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Income Tax Expense. We had income tax expense of $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 on pre-tax income of $11.8 million, or a 27.6% effective rate, which includes the benefit of permanent items, a reduction to the statutory tax rate in the United Kingdom and a decrease to the reserves for uncertain tax positions. Income tax expense of $0.8 million in 2011, or an effective tax rate of 14.8% was lower due primarily to the reversal of a valuation allowance in the United Kingdom.
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest. Net income attributable to the non-controlling interest in our Netherlands subsidiary, which reduces net income attributable to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc., increased to $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 from less than $0.1 million in the prior year due to improved center performance in the Netherlands.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2010
Revenue. Revenue increased $95.5 million, or 10.9%, to $973.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $878.2 million in the prior year. Revenue growth is primarily attributable to contributions from new and ramping full service child care centers, expanded sales of our back-up dependent care services and typical annual tuition increases of 3% to 4%. Revenue generated by full service center-based care services in the year ended December 31, 2011 increased by approximately $75.2 million, or 9.8%, when compared to 2010. Revenue generated by back-up dependent care services in the year ended December 31, 2011 increased by approximately $15.5 million, or 15.7%, when compared to 2010. Additionally, revenue generated by other educational advisory services increased by $4.8 million, or 48.4%, when compared to 2010.
Our acquisition of 20 centers in the United States on March 14, 2011 contributed approximately $17.1 million of revenue in 2011 from the date of the acquisition. The acquisition of a majority interest in 20 centers in the Netherlands on July 20, 2011 contributed approximately $10.9 million of revenue from the date of the acquisition. At December 31, 2011, we operated 743 child care and early education centers compared to 705 centers at December 31, 2010.
Cost of Services. Cost of services increased $68.2 million, or 9.8%, to $766.5 million for the year ended 2011 from $698.3 million in the prior year. Cost of services in the full service centers segment increased $58.3 million, or 9.3%, to $688.1 million in 2011. Personnel costs increased 7.9% as a result of a 7.5% increase in overall enrollment and routine wage increases. In addition, program supplies, materials, food and facilities costs increased 14.1% in connection with the enrollment growth and the incremental occupancy costs associated with centers that have been added in 2010 and 2011, including the 40 centers acquired in 2011. Cost of services in the back-up dependent care segment increased $6.1 million, or 9.6%, to $69.8 million in 2011, primarily for personnel costs and for increased care provider fees associated with the higher levels of back-up services provided. Cost of services in the other educational advisory services segment increased by $3.8 million, or 79.1%, to $8.6 million in 2011, primarily in personnel costs as we established operating capacity to support the incremental sales of these services.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased $27.3 million, or 15.2%, to $207.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to the prior year, and as a percentage of revenue increased to 21.3% in 2011 from 20.5% in 2010. The increase is primarily attributable to contributions from new and ramping P&L centers, which achieve proportionately lower levels of operating costs in relation to revenue as they increase enrollment to steady state levels, and to cost management in our mature P&L centers, where enrollment has stabilized in relation to the decreases in 2009 and 2010, but remains lower than historical levels. In addition to expanded sales of back-up dependent care services, we realized greater cost efficiency in managing our direct cost of services relating to back-up dependent care in 2011.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SGA increased $9.3 million, or 11.2%, to $92.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to the prior year, and as a percentage of revenue remained consistent at 9.5%. The increase in SGA during the year is related to routine increases in costs compared to the prior year, including annual wage increases, to investments in technology and marketing, and $1.6 million of overhead associated with our Netherlands operations from July 20, 2011. We also incurred $1.0 million in 2011 in connection with the completion of our acquisition in the Netherlands, including the costs incurred to amend certain terms of our debt agreements in order to provide greater flexibility for foreign investments and allow for the acquisition. Partially offsetting the increase in SGA was a decrease in stock compensation expense in 2011 compared to 2010 related to employee stock option grants, the majority of which were initially awarded in 2008. We recorded stock compensation expense of $1.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, in each of 2011 and 2010.
Amortization. Amortization expense on intangible assets totaled $27.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to $27.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The slight decrease relates to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized during the year, offset by increases related to the amortization of new intangible assets from acquisitions completed in 2011.
Income from Operations. Income from operations increased $18.2 million, or 26.5%, to $86.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to 2010. Income from operations was 8.9% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to 7.8% in 2010. In the full service center-based care segment, income from operations increased $12.2 million in 2011, or 26.0%. This increase reflects price increases and enrollment gains in our ramping centers as well as contributions from new centers that were added in 2011. The back-up dependent care segment added $7.5 million in 2011, or 35.6%, due to the expanding sales levels and efficiencies of service delivery across a wider revenue base. The other educational advisory services segment declined by $1.5 million in 2011 compared to 2010 due to investments made in operating, sales and administrative personnel to support strategic growth initiatives that have not yet been fully realized.
Interest Expense. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 totaled $82.9 million, compared to $89.0 million in 2010. The decrease in interest expense is primarily related to a reduction, effective May 29, 2011, in the interest rate attributable to the term loans as a result of the expiration of the interest rate floors on our Base and Euro rates on May 28, 2011. The interest rate on our term loans of 4.3% at December 31, 2011 decreased from the rate of 7.5% at December 31, 2010. Additionally, adjustments made to reflect the fair value of our interest rate cap also contributed to the decrease in interest expense. The fair value adjustments were an increase to interest expense of $0.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to an increase to interest expense of $2.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.
Income Tax Expense. We had income tax expense of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 on pre-tax income of $5.6 million, or a 14.8% effective rate, which includes the benefit of permanent items, the net change to the reserves for uncertain tax positions, a decrease in the state tax rate applied to the net deferred tax liability and a decrease to a valuation allowance at a foreign subsidiary.
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Quarterly Financial Data
The following table sets forth certain of our unaudited consolidated statements of operations data for each of the eleven quarters beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2011 through the quarter ended September 30, 2013.
Three months ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2011 |
June 30, 2011 |
September 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2011 |
March 31, 2012 |
June 30, 2012 |
September 30, 2012 |
December 31, 2012 |
March 31, 2013 |
June 30, 2013 |
September 30, 2013 |
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(In thousands, except share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 232,922 | $ | 248,017 | $ | 243,877 | $ | 248,885 | $ | 258,122 | $ | 271,463 | $ | 267,927 | $ | 273,426 | $ | 280,123 | $ | 310,813 | $ | 308,663 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
49,296 | 55,322 | 49,183 | 53,400 | 58,020 | 64,553 | 60,092 | 63,105 | 65,790 | 75,425 | 68,505 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income from Operations |
20,226 | 25,535 | 18,283 | 22,782 | 26,104 | 16,061 | 25,355 | 27,944 | 15,437 | 35,397 | 27,789 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Income (loss) |
(1,263 | ) | 2,519 | (364 | ) | 3,870 | 3,590 | (1,914 | ) | 2,606 | 4,227 | (50,781 | ) | 24,507 | 14,942 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Income (loss) attributable to Bright Horizons Family Solutions Inc. |
(1,263 | ) | 2,519 | (456 | ) | 3,959 | 3,509 | (1,967 | ) | 2,446 | 4,174 | (50,743 | ) | 24,579 | 15,044 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
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Class Lbasic and diluted |
12.90 | 13.37 | 13.86 | 14.20 | 13.99 | 14.76 | 15.30 | 15.68 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CommonBasic |
(3.09 | ) | (2.56 | ) | (3.16 | ) | (2.51 | ) | (2.49 | ) | (4.20 | ) | (3.05 | ) | (2.87 | ) | (0.91 | ) | 0.38 | 0.23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
(3.09 | ) | (2.56 | ) | (3.16 | ) | (2.51 | ) | (2.49 | ) | (4.20 | ) | (3.05 | ) | (2.87 | ) | (0.91 | ) | 0.37 | 0.23 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary cash requirements are for the ongoing operations of our existing child care centers, back-up dependent care and other educational advisory services, the addition of new centers through development or acquisition and debt financing obligations. Our primary sources of liquidity have been cash flow from operations and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility, which was increased from $75.0 million to $100.0 million in connection with our refinancing on January 30, 2013. We had $20.6 million of borrowings outstanding under the revolving line of credit at September 30, 2013. There were no amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit at September 30, 2012. No borrowings were made during the year ended December 31, 2012.
Our working capital deficit decreased to $112.8 million at September 30, 2013 from $65.9 million at December 31, 2012 due largely to cash generated from operating activities as well as net cash generated from financing activities due to the completion of our initial public offering and debt refinancing offset by acquisitions as well as capital expenditures. We had working capital deficit of $69.5 million at December 31, 2011. Our working capital deficit has arisen from cash generated from operations being used to make long-term investments in fixed assets and acquisitions. We anticipate that we will continue to generate positive cash flows from operating activities and that the cash generated will be used principally to fund ongoing operations of our new and existing full service child care centers and expanded operations in the back-up dependent care and educational advisory segments, as well as to make scheduled principal and interest payments.
On January 30, 2013, we completed our initial public offering and, together with the exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares on February 21, 2013, we raised $234.9 million, net of directly attributable expenses, underwriting discounts and commissions. We used the net proceeds from our initial public offering and certain proceeds from the issuance of a $790.0 million senior secured term loan to redeem our senior notes in full for $213.3 million. We used the remainder of the $790.0 million senior secured term loan to refinance all of the remaining existing indebtedness under the senior credit facilities and the senior subordinated notes. The $790.0 million senior secured term loan has a maturity date in 2020. In connection with our senior secured term loan, we also entered into a $100.0 million revolving credit facility due 2018.
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In anticipation of our initial public offering, holders of shares of Class L common stock, who were entitled to a liquidation preference upon the mandatory conversion in connection with our initial public offering, agreed to convert their Class L common stock into shares of Class A common stock at a rate of 35.1955 shares of Class A common stock for each share of Class L common stock. This conversion was effected on January 11, 2013 and shares of Class A common stock were then reclassified into common stock.
We believe that funds provided by operations, our existing cash and cash equivalent balances and borrowings available under our revolving line of credit will be adequate to meet planned operating and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months under current operating conditions. However, if we were to undertake any significant acquisitions or investments in the purchase of facilities for new or existing child care and early education centers requiring financing beyond our existing borrowing capacity, it may be necessary for us to obtain additional debt or equity financing. We may not be able to obtain such financing on reasonable terms, or at all.
Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 70,119 | $ | 133,570 | $ | 106,982 | $ | 92,649 | $ | 121,465 | ||||||||||
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Net cash used in investing activities |
$ | (45,904 | ) | $ | (94,992 | ) | $ | (180,890 | ) | $ | (155,831 | ) | $ | (180,548 | ) | |||||
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Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |
$ | (23,497 | ) | $ | (23,281 | ) | $ | 77,205 | $ | 77,417 | $ | 60,027 | ||||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents (end of period) |
$ | 15,438 | $ | 30,448 | $ | 34,109 | $ | 45,057 | $ | 35,010 | ||||||||||
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Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $121.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $92.6 million for the same period in 2012. Net income, adjusted for non-cash expenses, increased by $45.4 million from 2012 to 2013 due to increases in gross profit. Changes in working capital decreased by $16.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 over the same period in 2012 primarily due to an increase in prepaid income taxes associated with the loss on extinguishment of debt, partially offset by an increase in accrued rent and related obligations and accounts payable due to the increase in the number of centers and timing of payments.
Cash provided by operating activities was $107.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $133.6 million in 2011. Net income, adjusted for non-cash expenses, increased by $24.0 million from 2011 to 2012, due to continued increases in gross margins and the impact of new and acquired centers. Working capital was relatively unchanged in 2012, but contributed $50.6 million to 2011 operating cash flows due to the income tax refunds totaling $25.0 million in 2011 compared to $2.1 million in 2012, and the timing of payments of accounts payable.
Cash provided by operating activities was $133.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $70.1 million in 2010. The increase in cash from operating activities is primarily related to increases in net income and deferred tax assets, plus changes in working capital, the most significant of which were decreases in income taxes receivable and prepaid income taxes attributable to $25.0 million of tax refunds collected in 2011 and an increase in accounts payable due to the timing of payments.
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Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $180.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $155.8 million for the same period in 2012, and related specifically to the acquisition of Childrens Choice and Kidsunlimited, as well as fixed asset additions, including the addition of new child care centers, maintenance and refurbishments in our existing centers, and continued investments in technology, equipment and furnishings.
Cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 related to the acquisition of the Casterbridge centers for $108.0 million, net of cash acquired, as well as fixed asset additions.
Cash used in investing activities was $180.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $95.0 million for the same period in 2011 and $45.9 million for the same period in 2010. Fixed asset additions totaled $69.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $42.5 million and $39.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Cash paid for acquisitions in the year ended December 31, 2012 totaled $111.8 million, related to the acquisition of 27 Casterbridge centers on May 23, 2012 for $107.9 million, net of cash acquired. Cash paid for acquisitions in the year ended December 31, 2011 totaled $57.3 million for the acquisition of 21 child care and early education centers in the United States, the acquisition of 63% of a child care company in the Netherlands and the acquisition of one child care and early education center in the United Kingdom. Cash paid for acquisitions in the year ended December 31, 2010 totaled $6.4 million for two child care and early education centers, one in the United States and one in the United Kingdom, and a tuition reimbursement program management company in the United States.
We estimate that we will spend approximately $70 million in 2013 on fixed asset additions related to new child care centers, maintenance and refurbishments in our existing centers and continued investments in technology, equipment and furnishings. As part of our growth strategy, we expect to continue to make selective acquisitions, which may vary in size and which are less predictable in terms of the timing of the capital requirements.
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities amounted to $60.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to $77.4 million for the same period in 2012. In January 2013, we completed our initial public offering, including the exercise of the underwriters option to purchase additional shares, which raised $234.9 million in 2013, net of directly attributable expenses and underwriting discounts and commission, and used the net proceeds along with certain proceeds from the issuance of a $790.0 million senior secured term loan to redeem our senior notes in full for $213.3 million. We used the remainder of the $790.0 million senior secured term loan to refinance all of the remaining existing indebtedness under the senior credit facilities and the senior subordinated notes.
Cash provided from financing activities in during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 resulted primarily from additional borrowings to finance a portion of the acquisition of the Casterbridge centers in May 2012.
Cash provided by financing activities amounted to $77.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to cash used in financing activities of $23.3 million in 2011 and $23.5 million in 2010. The increase in 2012 was due primarily to borrowings of $82.3 million, net of financing fees and discounts, for our Series C new term loans, which was included as an amendment to our senior debt in May 2012 for the Casterbridge acquisition. We also received proceeds of $2.1 million from the exercise of stock options and recorded a related tax benefit of $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. These increases were partially offset by the repurchase of $5.1 million worth of our common
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stock. We also made debt repayments of $5.5 million in 2012, $23.4 million in 2011 and $24.0 million in 2010, including net repayments on our revolving credit facility of $18.5 million in 2011 and $20.3 million in 2010.
Debt
Outstanding borrowings were as follows and bore the following rates of interest:
Balance at December 31, |
Balance at September 30, |
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2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ||||||||||
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Term loans(1) |
$ | - | $ | - | $ | 784,075 | ||||||
Term B and Series C new term loans(2) |
350,946 | 430,474 | - | |||||||||
Senior subordinated notes(3) |
300,000 | 300,000 | - | |||||||||
Senior notes(4) |
174,055 | 197,810 | - | |||||||||
Borrowings under revolving line of credit |
- | - | 20,600 | |||||||||
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Total |
825,001 | 928,284 | 804,675 | |||||||||
Deferred financing fees and original issue discount |
(25,744 | ) | (21,641 | ) | (18,631 | ) | ||||||
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Total |
$ | 799,257 | $ | 906,643 | $ | 786,044 | ||||||
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(1) | The interest rate on borrowings under our term loans was 4.0% at September 30, 2013. |
(2) | The interest rate on borrowings under our Tranche B term loan was 4.3% and 4.2% at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively, and was 5.3% on borrowings under our Series C new term loan at December 31, 2012. The Tranche B and Series C new term loans were repaid in connection with the completion of our refinancing transactions on January 30, 2013. |
(3) | The interest rate on the senior subordinated notes is 11.5%. The senior subordinated notes were refinanced in connection with the completion of our refinancing transactions on January 30, 2013. |
(4) | The interest rate on the senior notes was 13.0%. The balance includes PIK interest that has accrued on the $110.0 million aggregate initial principal amount of the senior notes since 2008. The senior notes were repaid in connection with the completion of our initial public offering and refinancing transactions on January 30, 2013. |
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2013, the Borrowers senior secured credit facilities consisted of a $790.0 million term loan facility and a $100.0 million revolving credit facility. As of September 30, 2013, there was $784.1 million outstanding under the term loan facility and $20.6 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility. Additionally, the Borrower had the ability to borrow $79.4 million under the revolving credit facility. The senior secured credit facilities are guaranteed by Holdings and each of the direct and indirect wholly-owned domestic material subsidiaries of the Borrower, and all obligations under the senior secured credit facilities, subject to certain exceptions, are secured by substantially all the assets of Holdings, the Borrower and the subsidiary guarantors. Borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities bear interest payable at least quarterly. Principal amortization repayments are required to be made on the term loan borrowings equal to 1% per annum in equal quarterly installments. The term loan balance is payable on January 30, 2020. The principal amount outstanding of the loans under the revolving credit facility becomes due and payable on January 30, 2018.
The revolving facility requires the Borrower to comply with a maximum senior secured first lien net leverage ratio financial maintenance covenant, to be tested only if, on the last day of each fiscal quarter, the amount of revolving loans and swingline loans outstanding under the revolving facility exceeds 25% of the revolving credit facility commitment on such date. A breach of this covenant is subject to certain equity cure rights. As of September 30, 2013, the financial maintenance covenant
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was not in effect as of such date as we had $20.6 million in revolving loans and no swingline loans outstanding. Consolidated EBITDA is a negotiated measure used exclusively by the Borrower and by its creditors to determine compliance with certain covenants contained in the senior secured credit facilities and, because of the additional adjustments included in the definition of Consolidated EBITDA in the credit agreement governing the senior secured credit facilities, Consolidated EBITDA is not comparable to adjusted EBITDA as described in this prospectus under note 3 to Prospectus SummarySummary Consolidated Financial and Other Data.
International Credit Facility
Our majority-owned subsidiary in the Netherlands, which we acquired in 2011, maintains a multi-purpose revolving credit facility with a Dutch bank to support working capital, letter of credit requirements and construction and fitting out of new child care centers. The current account facility is secured by a right of offset against all accounts we maintain at the lending bank and by an additional pledge of certain equipment. Availability under the 5.2 million facility declines in monthly increments of 0.25 million beginning on July 1, 2013 to 3.45 million at January 1, 2014. At September 30, 2013, there was 0.7 million (approximately $1.0 million) outstanding and currently due under the facility and there was 3.1 million of availability under the facility. There is no stated maturity or termination date on the facility, however, the bank may terminate the line of credit at any time at its discretion. There were 22 letters of credit outstanding under this general facility as of September 30, 2013 that were used to guarantee certain rent payments for up to 0.7 million (approximately $1.0 million). No amounts have been drawn against these letters of credit.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012 (in thousands):
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1)(2) |
$ | 2,036 | $ | 4,500 | $ | 342,125 | $ | 850 | $ | 80,963 | $ | 410,000 | $ | 840,474 | ||||||||||||||
Interest on long-term debt(2) |
72,496 | 67,740 | 59,021 | 53,095 | 50,465 | 27,116 | 329,933 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating leases |
61,335 | 58,750 | 55,204 | 50,014 | 43,533 | 191,060 | 459,896 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Total(2) |
$ | 135,867 | $ | 130,990 | $ | 456,350 | $ | 103,959 | $ | 174,961 | $ | 628,176 | $ | 1,630,303 | ||||||||||||||
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(1) | Amount due in 2013 excludes the PIK interest added to principal on our senior notes of $87.8 million as of December 31, 2012. The senior notes were repaid with the proceeds of our initial public offering. |
(2) | Excludes the impact of our debt refinancing on January 30, 2013 and assumes that the rate of interest in effect as of December 31, 2012 on borrowings under our Tranche B term loans and Series C new term loans of 4.2% and 5.3%, respectively, remains in effect through the remaining term of the credit facility and that there are no borrowings under the revolving credit facility. |
Totals for 2013 through 2016 do not include obligations under the remaining call and put option agreement between Bright Horizons B.V., our wholly-owned Dutch subsidiary, and the minority shareholder of Odemon B.V. (Odemon), our majority-owned indirect subsidiary, that allows for the acquisition of the final 18.5% ownership which amount can range from 3.0 million to 6.0 million, based on the formula for determining such amount.
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Employment and Severance Agreements
We have severance agreements with nine executives and employees that provide from four to 18 months of compensation upon a qualifying termination of employment. We estimate that the maximum amount potentially payable under these agreements in the absence of a change of control event in 2013 is approximately $3.6 million. The severance agreements prohibit the above-mentioned employees from competing with us during the severance period or divulging confidential information after their termination of employment.
Inflation
Historically, inflation has not had a material effect on our results of operations. Severe increases in inflation, however, could affect the global and U.S. economies and could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, accounts payable and short- and long-term debt. The fair value of our financial instruments, with the exception of long-term debt, approximates the carrying value due to their short-term nature.
The fair value of our long-term debt was based on quoted market prices. For additional information, see note 1 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our primary market risk exposures relate to foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates is primarily the result of foreign subsidiaries domiciled in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, India and Canada. We have not used financial derivative instruments to hedge foreign currency exchange rate risks associated with our foreign subsidiaries.
The assets and liabilities of our British, Irish, Dutch, Indian and Canadian subsidiaries, whose functional currencies are the British pound, Euro, Indian rupee and Canadian dollar, are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The cumulative translation effects for subsidiaries using a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of stockholders equity. We estimate that had the exchange rate in each country unfavorably changed by 10% relative to the U.S. dollar, our consolidated earnings before taxes would have decreased by approximately $0.7 million for 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate exposure relates primarily to the effect of interest rate changes on borrowings outstanding under our revolving line of credit and term loans. We had $20.6 million of borrowings
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outstanding under our revolving line of credit at September 30, 2013. There were no revolving line of credit borrowings in 2012 or outstanding at December 31, 2012. We had borrowings of $346.1 million and $84.4 million outstanding at December 31, 2012 under our Tranche B term loan and Series C new term loan facilities, and $784.1 million outstanding at September 30, 2013 under our new term loans entered into on January 30, 2013 in connection with the refinancing of our debt. Borrowings under the Tranche B term loan and the Series C new term loan facilities in 2012 were subject to a weighted average interest rate of 4.3% and 5.4%, respectively. Based on the outstanding borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities during 2012, we estimate that had the average interest rate on our borrowings increased by 100 basis points in 2012, our interest expense for the year would have increased by approximately $4.1 million in 2012. Based on the outstanding borrowings under the term loans and the revolving line of credit during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we estimate that had the average interest rate on our borrowings increased by 100 basis points during that period, our interest expense for the quarter would have increased by approximately $2.0 million. This estimate assumes the interest rate of each borrowing is raised by 100 basis points. The impact on future interest expense as a result of future changes in interest rates will depend largely on the gross amount of our borrowings at that time.
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We are a leading provider of high-quality child care and early education services as well as other services designed to help employers and families better address the challenges of work and life. We provide services primarily under multi-year contracts with employers who offer child care and other dependent care solutions as part of their employee benefits packages to improve employee engagement, productivity, recruitment and retention. As of September 30, 2013, we had more than 850 client relationships with employers across a diverse array of industries, including more than 130 Fortune 500 companies and 80 of Working Mother magazines 2013 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers.
The provision of center-based full service child care and early education represented approximately 86% of our revenue in the year ended December 31, 2012. The balance of our revenue was from a broader suite of employer-sponsored service offerings, including back-up dependent care and educational advisory services, which we developed more recently to enhance our work/life service offerings, broaden our market opportunities and expand the scope of our client relationships. In certain locations, our child care centers are marketed directly to families in surrounding communities and serve employees of nearby clients.
We believe we are a provider of choice for both employers and working families for each of the solutions we offer. As of September 30 2013, we operated a total of 880 child care and early education centers across a wide range of customer industries with the capacity to serve approximately 99,300 children in the United States, as well as in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Ireland, Canada and India. We have achieved satisfaction ratings of greater than 95% among respondents in our employer and parent satisfaction surveys over each of the past five years and an annual client retention rate of 97% for employer-sponsored centers over each of the past ten years. We believe that the close integration between our offerings and our customer interests, our geographic reach, our innovative and customizable approach, our strong customer focus and our high-quality curriculum have all contributed to this success.
The strength of our reputation is reflected in our over 25-year track record of providing high-quality services and our history of strong financial performance. From 2001 through 2012, we have achieved year-over-year revenue and adjusted EBITDA growth at a compound annual growth rate of 11% for revenue and 18% for adjusted EBITDA. We also achieved year-over-year net income growth at a compound annual growth rate of 23% from 2001 to 2007. In 2008 through 2010, we incurred net losses due primarily to the additional debt service obligations and amortization expense incurred in connection with our going private transaction. In 2011 and 2012, our net income grew $14.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, over the prior year to $4.8 million and $8.5 million, respectively. Our strong revenue growth has been driven by additions to our center base through organic center growth and acquisitions, expansions of our service offerings to back-up dependent care and educational advisory services, and consistent annual tuition increases. We have also increased our adjusted EBITDA margin in each year from 2001 through 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we generated revenue of $1.07 billion and $899.6 million, net income (loss) of $8.5 million and $(11.3) million, which net loss included a loss on extinguishment of debt of $63.7 million related to our debt refinancing in January 2013, adjusted EBITDA of $180.9 million and $155.2 million and adjusted net income of $37.8 million and $57.1 million, respectively. Additional information regarding adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income, including a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income to net income, is included in Prospectus SummarySummary Consolidated Financial and Other Data.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, no single client represented more than 3% of our revenue. Our clients include: Alston & Bird in the professional services and other sectors; British Petroleum and Chevron in the energy sector; JFK Medical Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
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Center, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer in the healthcare and pharmaceuticals sectors; The Home Depot, Staples, Starbucks, Newell Rubbermaid and Timberland in the consumer sector; Cisco Systems and EMC in the technology sector; Bank of America, Barclays, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Royal Bank of Scotland in the financial services sector; and Boeing and Toyota Motor Manufacturing in the industrials and manufacturing sectors. We also provide our services to government and education sector institutions such as Duke University, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, The Environmental Protection Agency, The Johns Hopkins University and The George Washington University.
We provide our center-based child care services under two general business models: a profit and loss (P&L) model, where we assume the financial risk of operating a child care center; and a cost-plus model, where we are paid a fee by an employer client for managing a child care center on a cost-plus basis. Our P&L model is further classified into two subcategories: (i) a sponsor model, where we provide child care and early education services on either an exclusive or priority enrollment basis for the employees of a specific employer sponsor; and (ii) a lease/consortium model, where we provide child care and early education services to the employees of multiple employers located within a specific real estate development (for example, an office building or office park), as well as to families in the surrounding community. In both our cost-plus and sponsor P&L models, the development of a new child care center, as well as ongoing maintenance and repair, is typically funded by an employer sponsor with whom we enter into a multi-year contractual relationship. In addition, employer sponsors typically provide subsidies for the ongoing provision of child care services for their employees. Our child care centers are largely located in targeted clusters where we believe demand is generally higher and where income demographics are attractive. We also provide back-up dependent care services through our own centers and through our Back-Up Care Advantage (BUCA) program, which offers access to a contracted network of in-home care agencies and approximately 2,500 center-based providers in locations where we do not otherwise have centers with available capacity.
Industry Overview
We compete in the global market for child care and early education services as well as the market for work/life services offered by employers as benefits to employees. Families in the United States spent approximately $43 billion on licensed group child care in 2007 according to a report published by the Pew Center on the States. The child care industry can generally be subdivided into center-based and home-based child care. We operate in the center-based market, which is highly fragmented, with over 90% of providers operating fewer than 10 centers, and the top 10 providers comprising less than 10% of the market, according to the Child Care Information Exchanges 2012 Employee Child Care Trend Report.
Center-Based Child Care Services
The center-based child care market includes both retail and employer-sponsored centers and can be further divided into full-service centers and back-up centers. We have been a pioneer in the field of employer-sponsored child care, where we were one of the first providers to market a shared economic model directly to employers who offer child care as an employee benefit. While home-based businesses remain the majority of the overall child care market in the United States, the share of center-based child care providers has increased over time, reflecting what we believe is an increasing demand for high-quality, structured and professional child care and early education solutions. According to state licensing statistics, there are approximately 100,000 licensed child care centers in the United States, including retail and employer-sponsored centers.
The significant majority of our competitors market exclusively to families who are retail users of their centers. This employer-sponsored model, which has been central to our business since we were
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founded in 1986, is characterized by a single employer or consortium of employers entering into a long-term contract for the provision of child care at a center located at or near the sponsors worksite. The sponsor generally funds the development as well as ongoing maintenance and repair of a child care center at or near its worksite and subsidizes the provision of child care services to make them more affordable for its employees.