EX-99.2 7 ex99-2.txt GEOLOGY REPORT & CONSENT Exhibit 99.2 Review and Recommendations Que 1-4 Mineral Claims Paymaster Canyon Area Esmeralda County Nevada, USA Prepared by: James W. McLeod, P. Geo. For: Tamandare Explorations Inc. Dated: January 16, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Contents 2 Illustrations 3 0.0 Summary 4 1.0 Introduction and Terms of Reference 5 1.1 Glossary 5 2.0 Disclaimer 7 3.0 Property Description and Location 7 4.0 Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography 8 5.0 History 9 6.0 Geological Setting 10 6.1 Regional Geology 10 6.2 Local Geology 10 6.3 Property Geology 11 6.4 Deposit Type 11 6.5 Mineralization 12 7.0 Exploration 7.1 Geophysics of the Que 1-4 Mineral Claims 12 7.2 Geochemistry of the Que 1-4 Mineral Claims 12 8.0 Drilling 12 9.0 Sampling Method and Approach 12 9.1 Results 13 2 Page 10.0 Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security 13 11.0 Data Verification 14 12.0 Adjacent Properties 14 13.0 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing 14 14.0 Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates 14 15.0 Other Relevant Data and Information 14 16.0 Interpretation and Conclusions 14 17.0 Recommendations 15 17.1 Recommended Drilling 16 18.0 References 16 19.0 Author's Qualifications and Certification 16 Illustrations Location -------- Figure 1. Location Map, As Shown after page 4 Figure 2. Claim Area Map, 1: 62,500 after page 7 Figure 3a. Regional Geology Map, 1: 250,000 after page 8 Figure 3b. Legend to Accompany Figure 3a. after Fig. 3a. Figure 4. Aeromagnetic Map, 1:250,000 after page 10 3 0.0 Summary The Que property consists of four contiguous, located, lode mineral claims, Que 1-4 comprising a total of 82.64 acres. Tamandare Explorations Inc., a Nevada, U.S.A. company is the beneficial owner of the mineral claims. The general claim area is underlain by Lower Cambrian age green siltstone and by unconsolidated material comprised of and/or desert wash, colluvium, alluvial and playa deposits of Quaternary age. The bedrock units in the local area appear to be of sedimentary origin and/or their metamorphic equivalent units. As well as observed in the float on the surface of the claims as younger intruding or overlying plutonic (igneous) rocks and aphanitic or fine grain-sized volcanic rock units which may have some equivalence with the igneous rocks. The underlying rock units exhibit a distinctive aeromagnetic pattern that could indicate a response to deformation due to structural features, such as faulting, folding and rock alteration. Some of the mineral claim area is drift or overburden covered and offers exploration potential. The author feels that the potential exists for movement of mineralizing fluids to have impregnated this northerly trending zone. These fluids could emanate from deeper sources related to intrusive activity and travel along structurally prepared conduits in the underlying bedrock. The mineral claim is favorably situated and may require geophysical surveys to determine in more detail its potential following the initial prospecting, mapping and reconnaissance mobile metal ion (MMI) soil geochemistry program. An exploratory drilling program could follow the Phase 1 - 3 surveys and be contingent upon positive results being obtained from the previous fieldwork. The object of our initial exploration undertaking is to assess areas that may require more detailed investigations to assist in determining their economic significance. 4 Figure 1. Location Map 1.0 Introduction, Terms of Reference The report of "Que 1-4 Mineral Claims, Paymaster Canyon Area, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA", includes the property and surrounding geology, history, past exploration and mineral potential. This report is being done at the request of the Board of Directors of Tamandare Explorations Inc. The author of this report is a Qualified Person. He is a registered Professional Geoscientist, #18,712 and a member in good standing with The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia. The author has worked in the general area many times during the past 35 years. For a glossary of common geological terms used in this report it is suggested by the author in using a computer online search engine such as "Google". Search for "Dictionary of Earth Science Terms", then look-up the appropriate definitions. For more specific geographic names and geological terms refer to the enclosed definitions list in the Glossary of this report. 1.1 Glossary (Specific to a Report on the Que 1-4 Mineral Claims, by James W. McLeod, P. Geo. (BC), Consulting Geologist dated January 16, 2008 on behalf of Tamandare Explorations Inc.) Aeromagnetic survey - a magnetic survey conducted from the air normally using a helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft to carry the detection instrument and the recorder. Alluvial - unconsolidated sediments that are carried and hence deposited by a stream or river. In the southwest USA most in filled valleys often between mountain ranges were deposited with alluvium. Andesitic to basaltic composition - a range of rock descriptions using the chemical make-up or mineral norms of the same. Aphanitic - fine grained crystalline texture. 5 Blind-basin - a basin practically closed off by enveloping rock exposures making the central portion of unconsolidated alluvial basin isolated. Colluvium - loose, unconsolidated material usually derived by gravitational means, such as falling from a cliff or scarp-face and often due to a sort of benign erosion such as heating and cooling in a desert environment. Desert wash - out-wash in dry (desert) or arid areas of colluvium or alluvial material accumulated on the sides of valleys or basin channels by often irregular and violent water flow, i.e. flash floods. Elongate basin - a longer than wide depression that could be favorable to in-filling by material from adjacent eroding mountains. Formation - the fundamental unit of similar rock assemblages used in stratigraphy. Intermontane belt - between mountains (ranges), a usually longer than wide depression occurring between enclosing mountain ranges that supply the erosional material to infill the basin. Lode mineral claim (Nevada) - with a maximum area contained within 1500' long by 600' wide = 20.66 acres. Nuees Ardante or Ladu - an extremely hot, gaseous, somewhat horizontally ejected lava, often from near the summit that accentuates the downward flow or "glowing avalanche" because of its mobility. Overburden or Drift Cover - any loose material which overlies bedrock. Plagioclase feldspar - a specific range of chemical composition of common or abundant rock forming silicate minerals. Playa - the lowest part of an intermontane basin which is frequently flooded by run-off from the adjacent highlands or by local rainfall. 6 Plutonic, igneous or intrusive rock - usually a medium to coarser grain sized crystalline rock that generally is derived from a sub-surface magma and then consolidated, such as in dykes, plugs, stocks or batholiths, from smallest to largest. Porphyritic in augite pyroxene - Large porphyroblasts or crystals of a specific rock-forming mineral, i.e. augite occurring within a matrix of finer grained rock-forming minerals. Quarternary - the youngest period of the Cenozoic era. Snow equivalent - Approximately 1" of precipitation (rain) = 1' snow. Syenite - Coarse grained, alkalic, low in quartz intrusive rock. Trachyte - fine grained or glassy equivalent of a syenite. Volcaniclastic - Angular to rounded particles of a wide range of size within (a welded) finer grain-sized matrix of volcanic origin. 2.0 Disclaimer The author reviewed the historical data and has personally visited the property area. This report is entirely the responsibility of the author who based his recommendations and conclusions on his personal experience in the general area and mineral exploration business and upon sources of information that are identified. 3.0 Property Description and Location The Que mineral claims consist of 4 located mineral claims in one contiguous, 2x2 group (see Figure 2) that are listed as follows: Name Area Good to Date ---- ---- ------------ Que 1 20.66 ac. Sept. 1, 2008 Que 2 20.66 ac. Sept. 1, 2008 Que 3 20.66 ac. Sept. 1, 2008 Que 4 20.66 ac. Sept. 1, 2008 7 Figure 2. Claim Area Map, 1:62,500 The beneficial owner of the above listed mineral claim is Tamandare Explorations Inc., Contact person, Bruno J. Mosimann, 711 S. Carson Street, Suite 4, Carson City, NV 89701. The Que 1-4 mineral claims (see Figure 2) comprise a total of 82.64 acres. The mineral claim area may be located on the Esmeralda County 1:250,000 map sheet. At the center of the property the latitude is 37(degree) 50.964' N and the longitude is 117(degree) 28.680' W. The claims are motor vehicle accessible from the Town of Tonopah, Nevada by traveling 22 miles south along Highway 95 to the Silver Peak cut-off and then 27 miles southwest on the gravel road to the Paymaster Canyon cut-off that is taken to the north for 5 miles to the Que 1-4 mineral claims. 4.0 Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography The Que property lies in the west central area of the State of Nevada southwest of the Town of Tonopah and is accessible from Highway 95 by traveling south of the Town for 22 miles to the Silver Peak cut-off that is taken to the west for 27 miles to the Paymaster Canyon cut-off that is taken to the north for 5 miles to the property. The area experiences about 4" - 8" of precipitation annually of which about 20% may occur as a snow equivalent this amount of precipitation suggests a climatic classification of arid to semi-arid. The summers can experience hot weather, middle 60's to 70's F(degree) average with high spells of 100+F(degree) while the winters are generally more severe than the dry belt to the west and can last from December through February. Temperatures experienced during mid-winter average, for the month of January, from the high 20's to the low 40's F(degree) with low spells down to -20 F(degree). The Town of Tonopah offers much of the necessary infrastructure required to base and carry-out an exploration program (accommodations, communications, equipment and supplies). Larger or specialized equipment can likely be acquired in the City of Las Vegas lying 209 miles by paved road (Highway 95) to the south. Infrastructure such as highways and secondary roads, communications, accommodations and supplies that are essential to carrying-out an exploration and development program are at hand, between Tonopah, Goldfield and Las Vegas. 8 Figure 3a. Regional Geology Map, 1:250,000 Figure 3b. Legend to Accompany Figure 3a. The physiography of the Que property is low sloping terrain to the west and the east within the confinement of the south end of the Paymaster Canyon. Much of this general area with many broad open valleys and spiney mountain ridges hosts sagebrush and other desert plants on the low hill slopes. Joshua trees and cacti, such as the prickly pear grow as far north as Goldfield. Juniper and pinon growing above 6,500' with pinon becoming more dominant at higher elevations. At elevations in the range of 7,500' along water courses can be found small groves of trembling aspen. Mining holds an historical and contemporary place in the development and economic well being of the area. The claim area ranges in elevation from 4,450' - 4,620' mean sea level. The physiographic setting of the property can be described as open desert in the valleys within a mosaic of moderately rugged mountains on the west and east well beyond the claim boundaries. The area has been surficially altered both by fluvial and wind erosion and the depositional (drift cover) effects of in-filling. Thickness of drift cover in the valleys may vary considerably, but should not be very deep because of its close proximity to bedrock. In the general area surface water occurrences are rare, but to the immediate south of the mineral claims is the north-end of the Clayton valley where hotsprings and hard water wells are abundant. The water is briney and hosts one of the worlds largest sources of the lithium. 5.0 History The recorded mining history of the general area dates from the 1860's when prospectors passed through heading north and west. The many significant lode gold, silver and other mineral product deposits developed in the area was that of the Goldfield Camp, 1905; Coaldale, coal field, 1913; Divide Silver Mining District, 1921 and the Candalaria silver-gold mine which operated as an underground lode gold deposit in 1922 and again in the 1990's as an open cut, cyanide heap leach operation. The Tonopah District while mainly in Nye County is on the edge of nearly all of the gold-silver camps of Esmeralda County, if not strictly in location then certainly as a headquarters and supply depot for the general area. The Tonopah Camp produced mainly silver with some gold from quartz veins in Tertiary volcanic rocks. The period 1900-1921 saw the Camp produce from 6.4 million tons of ore, 138 million ounces of silver and 1.5 million ounces of gold or an average of 22 oz/ton silver and slightly less than 1/4 oz/ton gold, very rich ore by current standards. 9 6.0 Geological Setting 6.1 Regional Geology The regional geology of Nevada is depicted as being underlain by all types of rock units. These appear to range from oldest to youngest in an east to west direction, respectively. The oldest units are found to occur in the southeast corner of the State along the Colorado River. The bedrock units exhibit a north-south fabric of alternating east-west ranges and valleys. This feature may suggest E-W compression that may have expression as low angle thrust faults on the west and east walls of Paymaster Canyon (see Figure 3a). Faulting plays a large part in many areas of Nevada and an even larger part in the emplacement of mineral occurrences and ore bodies. 6.2 Local Geology The local geology about the Paymaster Canyon which lies approximately 18 airmiles to the southwest of Tonopah, NV reveals a N-S trending, elongate or elliptical blind-basin bounded, i.e. closed off around much of its perimeter by rock exposures. Throughout this outcropping ring-shaped feature are abundant, scattered rock exposures of Lower - Middle Paleozoic carbonate and aphanitic to very fine grain sized sediments, as quartzite, siltstone, claystone and more abundant limestone. Some transitional metamorphic rocks are interlayered. Jurassic and more abundant Tertiary age intrusive rocks dominate the northern end of the canyon ring while older Lower Paleozoic sedimentary and lesser metamorphic equivalents are more abundant in the southern part of the Paymaster basin. 10 Figure 4. Aeromagnetic Map, 1:250,000 Thrust faulting is abundant within the periphery rock exposures at the north-end of the Paymaster Canyon with younger Ordovician limestone and shale units lying on the older Lower Cambrian sedimentary rock units. The oldest meta-sedimentary units can be overlain by granitic rocks of Jurassic age or Tertiary age volcanic rock of andesite to rhyolite composition. The outcrops partially surrounding or flanking the alluvial covered valley underlying the mineral claim area suggests mineral occurrences or structurally prepared bedrock could be sought after in those areas. 6.3 Property Geology The geology of the Que property area may be described as being underlain by Precambrian - Lower Cambrian sediments and their metamorphic equivalents and partially covered by Quaternary and/or desert wash, collovium, alluvium and playa deposits. This young covered basin within a larger surrounding area of rock exposure and known mineral occurrences exhibits a good geological setting and an excellent target area in which to conduct mineral exploration. 6.4 Deposit Type The deposit types that are found occurring in the regional area and the more localized areas vary considerably. Silver and gold quartz veins predominate at Tonopah. Some of the most productive veins represent the silicification and replacement of sheeted zones of trachyte that was originally marked by close-set parallel fractures, but not faulting. The two hosts of mineralized quartz veins are 1) older pre-Tertiary volcanic rocks, i.e. Silver Peak (Mineral Ridge area), Weepah and Hornsilver or 2) Tertiary rhyolite host rocks that occur at Tonopah and other younger volcanic rocks, i.e. Goldfield and Divide. Base metal deposits are more commonly of interest now than in the past and many prospects occur in the general area. The industrial mineral barite that is observed to occur either in vein or bedded types has been recognized in the general area. Geophysical techniques may be most effective in the covered areas as a follow-up to prospecting and MMI soil sampling of the Phase 1 program. 11 6.5 Mineralization By far the largest production in the County comes from the vein-type of gold and silver occurrences in quartz fissures vein replacement in either pre-Tertiary volcanic or Tertiary volcanic host rocks. 7.0 Exploration 7.1 Geophysics of the Que 1-4 Mineral Claims The aeromagnetic results shown in Figure 4 are from a survey after U.S.G.S. map GP-753. The Que property is seen to lie between two slightly magnetic high lobes. The change in gradient in the claim area suggests an in-filled basin feature i.e. a possible northerly trending and southwest dipping feature that possibly reflects a rock contact or alteration zone. Ground geophysical surveys may add more detail to our understanding of the possible potential of the claim area. 7.2 Geochemistry of the Que 1-4 Mineral Claims To the best of the authors' knowledge, the Que 1-4 property has not undergone any detailed ground exploration work including geochemistry which may have usefulness in this area. 8.0 Drilling No drilling appears to have taken place on the area covered by the Que mineral claims. 12 9.0 Sample Method and Approach Standard sampling methods are utilized, for example a rock sample would be acquired from the rock exposure with a hammer. The sample will be roughly 2"x2"x2" of freshly broken material. The sample grid location is recorded with a global positioning system (GPS) that is marked in the logbook after a sample number has been assigned. The sample number would be impressed on an aluminum tag and on a flagging that will be affixed at the sample site for future location. 9.1 Results As exploration work could be conducted and assessed, a decision would be made as to its importance and priority. The next phase of work will be determined by the results from the preceding one. At this point, it is necessary to suggest that a three phase exploration approach be recommended. 10.0 Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security Our rock exposure samples would be taken with known grid relationships that have been tied-in with a hand held global positioning system (GPS). The samples would be in the possession of the field supervisor of the exploration project. 1) The standard approach of seeking and sampling the 'B' horizon, (the rusty, oxidized and possibly enriched zone). The samples most often undergo standard acid digestion, multi-element analyses by the induction coupled plasma (ICP) method and the atomic absorption (AA) method for the detection of precious metals with back-up analyses and/or assaying of anomalous samples to acquire more detail. 2) The relatively new and proprietary method called mobile metal ions (MMI) may be very useful in our exploration endeavors. The samples in the desert climates are taken consistently from between 8" and 10" in the soil layer below the 13 organic zone. The samples undergo selective digestion with subsequent analyses for the chosen metal package, but most likely the standard multi-element package with gold would be undertaken. The cost of taking the MMI sample and the analyses are more expensive than standard method, but some studied results have been encouraging. All analyses and assaying will be carried-out in a certified laboratory. 11.0 Data Verification Previous exploration has not been conducted on this mineral claim area by the author, but its good geological setting and interesting aeromagnetic data encourages the recommendation to conduct exploration work on the property. The author is confident any information included in this report is accurate and can be utilized in planning further exploration work. 12.0 Adjacent Properties The Que 1-4 mineral claims occur in a general area that possibly has undergone some prospecting in the past. The general area has known barite occurrences, as well as, gold and silver potential. The Que property does not have immediately adjacent mineral properties. 13.0 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing No mineral processing or metallurgical testing analyses have been carried- out on the Que property. 14.0 Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates No mineralization has been encountered to date by the author and no calculation of any reliable mineral resource or reserve, conforming to currently accepted standards, could be undertaken at this time. 14 15.0 Other Relevant Data and Information All relevant data and information concerning the Que property has been presented in this report. 16.0 Interpretation and Conclusions The object of the recommendations made in this report are to facilitate in the possible discovery of a large, possibly lower grade mineral deposit of base and/or precious metals or other minerals of economic consideration that have open pit and/or underground mining potential. If such a deposit exists, it may occur under the drift or overburden covered areas of the Que 1-4 mineral claims. 17.0 Recommendations The author believes that the known mineralization encountered to date in neighboring areas is possibly indicative of a larger mineralized system in the general area. The drift covered parts of the property offer good exploration targets because of the possibility of mineralization, good geological setting and generally a lack of exploration testing. Also, remote sensing such as aeromagnetics may indicate possible exploration areas of interest within the Que 1-4 mineral claims. Detailed prospecting, mapping and reconnaissance MMI soil geochemical surveys of the claim area should be undertaken if and when the Company is in a position to do so. The following three phase exploration proposal and cost estimate is offered with the understanding that consecutive phases are contingent upon positive and encouraging results being obtained from each preceding phase: Phase 1 Detailed prospecting, mapping and soil geochemistry. The estimated cost for this program is all inclusive $ 8,500 15 Phase 2 Magnetometer and VLF electromagnetic, grid controlled surveys over the areas of interest determined by the Phase 1 survey. Included in this estimated cost is transportation, accommodation, board, grid installation, two geophysical surveys, maps and report 9,500 Phase 3 Induced polarization survey over grid controlled anomalous area of interest outlined by Phase 1&2 fieldwork. Hoe or bulldozer trenching, mapping and sampling of bedrock anomalies. Includes assays, detailed maps and reports 25,000 ------- Total $43,000 17.1 Recommended Drilling No recommendations for drilling on the Que 1-4 mineral claims can be made at this time. If the exploration were to proceed through Phase 3 this decision could then be made. 18.0 References Alders , J.P. and Stewart, J.H.: Geology and Mineral Deposits of Esmeralda County, Nevada. Bulletin 78, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. Hildenbrand, Thomas G. and Kucks, Robert P., 1988: Total Intensity Magnetic Anomaly Map of Nevada. Map 93A, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. Lincoln, Francis Church, 1982: Mining Districts and Mineral Resources of Nevada with Map of the State of Nevada (Mineral Occurrences), U.S.G.S. compiled in 1921-22, but to current County boundaries. Papke, Keith G., 1984: Barite in Nevada. Bulletin 98, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. Plouff, Donald, 1990: Aeromagnetic Map of Nevada, Tonopah Sheet, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology. 16 19.0 Author's Qualifications and Certification I, James W. McLeod, P. Geo do hereby certify as follows: 1.0 I am currently self-employed as a Consulting Geologist with an office located at 4590 Deodar Road, Silver Springs, NV 89429. 2.0 I am a graduate of the University of British Columbia (1969), B. Sc. (Major Geology). 3.0 I am a member in good standing of The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia and a Fellow of The Geological Association of Canada. 4.0 I have worked as a geologist for a total of 37 years since graduation. 5.0 I have read the definition of "qualified person" set out in National Instrument 43-101 ("NI 43-101") in Canada and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a professional association (as defined in NI 43-101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements to be a "qualified person" for the purposes of NI 43-101. 6.0 I am responsible for the preparation of sections 1 to 19 of the technical report titled "Review and Recommendations, Que 1-4 Mineral Claims, Paymaster Canyon Area, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA." dated January 16, 2008 (the Technical Report) relating to the Que mineral property. 7.0 I have had prior involvement in the general area and specifically the areas north and south of the Que mineral claims. 8.0 I am not aware of any material facts or material change with respect to the subject matter of the Technical Report that is not reflected in the Technical Report, the omission to disclose which makes the Technical Report misleading. 17 9.0 I am independent of the issuer and have neither interest in the Que 1-4 mineral claims nor Tamandare Explorations Inc. 10.0 I have read National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101F1, and the Technical Report has been prepared in compliance with that instrument. 11.0 I consent to the filing of the Technical Report with any stock exchange and other regulatory authority and any publication by them, including electronic publication in the public company files on their websites accessible by the public, of the Technical report. Dated at Silver Springs, Nevada this 16th Day of January 2008. /s/ James W. McLeod, P. Geo. ------------------------------- James W. McLeod, P. Geo. Qualified Person 18