Significant accounting judgements and estimates

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Accounting Judgements And Estimates [Abstract]

Significant accounting judgements and estimates

Significant accounting judgements and estimates

The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires judgements and estimates that affect the amounts reported. Those judgements and estimates concerning the future may differ from actual results. The following are the areas of accounting policy judgement and accounting estimates applied by management that most significantly affect the Company’s financial statements, including those areas of estimation uncertainty that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

Areas of judgement

Assessment of impairment and reversal of impairment indicators for long-lived assets

The Company applies significant judgement in assessing whether there are indicators of impairment, or the reversal of previously recorded impairment, present that give rise to the requirement to conduct an impairment test. Internal and external factors such as significant changes in the use of an asset, legal and permitting factors, future gold prices, operating and capital cost forecasts, quantities of mineral reserves and resources, and movements in market interest rates are used by the Company in determining whether there are any indicators of impairment or reversal of impairment.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company identified indicators of impairment on the Fekola Complex CGU, consisting of the Fekola Mine and Fekola Regional Properties, and the Goose Mine CGU. As a result, these assets were tested for impairment (Note 9).

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company performed an assessment of impairment indicators, as well as indicators for reversal of previously recorded impairment losses. Where a CGUs had been previously impaired, the Company considered whether the impairment losses no longer exist or might have decreased. This assessment considered general and specific factors and concluded that, although the current spot price of gold has increased from the time that impairment losses had been recognized, taking into consideration specific circumstances of each asset, there is no indicator that the impairment reversed. For the Fekola Complex CGU, the delay in steps necessary to produce gold from the Fekola Regional permits, including receipt of the mining permit, creates uncertainty as to the extent to which the Company may realize the full benefit of any increases in the long-term gold price. For the Goose Mine, the Company determined that the mine had achieved commercial production on October 2, 2025. However, an engineering study, and associated procurement and logistics plan, is required to implement modifications to the crushing circuit before the Goose Mine can continue to ramp-up and ultimately operate at its name-plate capacity, as intended.

Uncertain tax positions

The Company’s operations involve the application of complex tax regulations in multiple international jurisdictions. Determining the tax treatment of a transaction requires the Company to apply judgement in its interpretation of the applicable tax law. These positions are not final until accepted by the relevant tax authority. The tax treatment may change based on the result of assessments or audits by the tax authorities often years after the initial filing.

The Company recognizes and records potential liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on its assessment of the amount, or range of amounts, of tax that will be due. The Company adjusts these accruals as new information becomes available.

Due to the complexity and uncertainty associated with certain tax treatments, the ultimate resolution could result in a payment that is materially different from the Company’s current estimate of the tax liabilities.

Capitalization of exploration and evaluation expenditures

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for capitalization of exploration and evaluation expenditures requires judgement in determining whether the future economic benefit is likely, either through future exploitation or sale, where properties have not reached a stage which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence of reserves. The deferral policy requires management to make certain judgements about future events or circumstances, in particular whether an economically viable mine can be established. Judgement is applied in the determination of whether any impairment indicators exist at each reporting date giving consideration to factors including mining title expiration dates, budgeted expenditures, discontinuation of activities in any area, and evaluation of any data which would indicate that the carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets is not recoverable. If new information becomes available suggesting that the recovery of the carrying amount of exploration and evaluation assets is unlikely, the amount capitalized is written off in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period when the new information becomes available.

Determination of control or significant influence over investees

The assessment of whether the Company has a significant influence or control over an investee requires the application of judgement when assessing factors that could give rise to a significant influence or control. Factors evaluated when making a judgement of control or significant influence over an investee include, but are not limited to, ownership percentage, representation on the board of directors, participation in the policy-making process, material transactions and contractual arrangements between the Company and the investee, interchange of managerial personnel, provision of essential technical information and potential voting rights. In evaluating these factors, the Company determines the level of influence over the investee the Company has. Changes in the Company's assessment of the factors used in determining if control or significant influence exists over an investee would impact the accounting treatment of the investment in the investee.

Sources of estimation uncertainty

Fair value of financial instruments

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using valuation techniques. In determining the fair value of the gold stream obligation (Note 18), the Company makes significant assumptions that are based on the underlying models and the market conditions existing at both initial recognition and the end of each reporting period.

Mineral reserve and resource estimates

Mineral reserves are estimates of the amount of ore that can be economically and legally extracted from the Company’s mining properties. The Company estimates its mineral reserves and mineral resources based on information compiled by appropriately qualified persons relating to the geological data on the size, depth and shape of the ore body, and requires complex geological assessments to interpret the data. The estimation of recoverable mineral reserves and mineral resources is based upon factors such as estimates of foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, future capital requirements, metallurgical recoveries, permitting and production costs along with geological assumptions made in estimating the size, and grade of the ore body. Changes in the mineral reserve or mineral resource estimates may impact the carrying value of mining interests, mine restoration provisions, the gold stream obligation, recognition of deferred tax assets, depreciation and amortization charges and royalty obligations.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets are tested for impairment, or reversal of a previous impairment, if there is an indicator of impairment or a subsequent reversal (Note 9). Calculating the estimated recoverable amount of CGUs for long-lived asset requires management to make estimates and assumptions that include such factors as mineable mineralization including reserves and resources, future production levels, operating and capital costs, application of royalty, income tax and mining tax rates, future metal prices and discount rates. Changes in any of these assumptions or estimates used in determining the recoverable amount could impact the analysis. Such changes could be material.

Value-added tax receivables

The Company incurs indirect taxes, including value-added tax, on purchases of goods and services at its operating mines and development projects. Indirect tax balances are recorded at their estimated recoverable amounts within current or long-term assets, net of provisions, and reflect the Company’s best estimate of their recoverability under existing tax rules in the respective jurisdictions in which they arise. Management’s assessment of recoverability considers the probable outcomes of claimed deductions and/or disputes. The provisions and balance sheet classifications made to date may be subject to change and such change may be material.

Long-term value-added tax receivables includes amounts for the Fekola Mine of $244 million (2024 - $214 million), for the Masbate Mine of $11 million (2024 – $13 million), and for the Gramalote Project of $22 million (2024 - $17 million).

Current and deferred income taxes

The Company is periodically required to estimate the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to varying interpretations, it is possible that changes in these estimates could occur that materially affect the amounts of deferred income tax assets and liabilities recorded in the financial statements. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities generally have a direct impact on earnings in the period that the changes occur.

Each period, the Company evaluates the likelihood of whether some portion or all of each deferred tax asset will not be realized. This evaluation is based on historic and future expected levels of taxable income and the associated repatriation of retained earnings, the pattern and timing of reversals of taxable temporary timing differences that give rise to deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning initiatives. Levels of future taxable income are affected by, among other things, metal prices, production costs, quantities of proven and probable gold reserves, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The availability of retained earnings for distribution depends on future levels of taxable income as well as future reclamation expenditures, capital expenditures, dividends and other uses of available cash flow.