4. Loans Payable

In September 2014, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC and Pacific Western Bank (formerly Square 1Bank) (together, the lenders), pursuant to which the lenders agreed to lend the Company up to $35.0 million in a three-tranche series of term loans (Term Loans A, B, and C). We were required to make payments of interest only on borrowings under the loan agreement on a monthly basis through and including January 1, 2018; payments of principal in equal monthly installments and accrued interest began on January 1, 2018 and continued until the loan matured on March 1, 2020. On March 2, 2020, we made our final payment under the loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC and Pacific Western Bank. Upon the last payment date of the amounts borrowed under the agreement, we were required to pay a final payment fee of $1.9 million, equal to 6.6% of the aggregate amounts borrowed.

In connection with entering into the agreement, the Company issued to the lenders and the placement agent warrants to purchase an aggregate of 7,678 shares of Trevena’s common stock, of which 5,728 shares remain outstanding as of March 31, 2020. These detachable warrant instruments have qualified for equity classification and have been allocated upon the relative fair value of the base instrument and the warrants, according to the guidance of ASC 470-20-25-2. These warrants are exercisable immediately and have an exercise price of $5.8610 per share. The warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis and will terminate on the earlier of September 19, 2024 or the closing of a merger or consolidation transaction in which the Company is not the surviving entity. In connection with the draw of Term Loan B, the Company issued to the lenders and the placement agent additional warrants to purchase an aggregate of 34,961 shares of Trevena common stock. These warrants have substantially the same terms as those noted above, have an exercise price of $10.6190 per share and an expiration date of December 23, 2025. In connection with draw of Term Loan C, the Company issued to the lenders and placement agent additional warrants to purchase an aggregate of 62,241 shares of the Company’s common stock. These warrants have substantially the same terms as those noted above and have an exercise price of $3.6150 per share and an expiration date of March 31, 2027. These detachable warrant instruments have qualified for equity classification and have been allocated upon the relative fair value of the base instrument and the warrants, according to the guidance of ASC 470-20-25-2.

As of March 31, 2020, principal borrowings of $3.2 million attributable to Term Loans A, B, and C, including a final payment fee of $1.9 million, are fully paid off. Interest expense of $0.02 million and $0.2 million was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company incurred lender and third-party costs of $1.0 million related to the issuance of its term loans. Per ASU 2015‑03, Interest-Imputation of Interest, debt discount and debt issuance costs are to be presented as a contra-liability to the debt on the balance sheet. These costs were amortized to interest expense over the life of the loans using the effective interest method. Immaterial amounts of debt discount and debt issuance cost were amortized to interest expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following table summarizes how the issuance of Term Loans A, B, and C are reflected on the balance sheet at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Gross proceeds	$	—	$	3,167
Debt discount and debt issuance costs (1)		—		1,870
Carrying value		—		5,037
Current portion of loans payable, net		—		5,037
Loans payable, net	$	—	$	—

(1)

Includes the final fee payment due upon last payment date of the amounts borrowed.