The period-end carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The period-end carrying amounts of long-term notes receivable approximate fair value as the effective interest rates for these instruments are comparable to period-end market rates. The period-end carrying amounts of short- and long-term debt securities also approximate fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported net of tax as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, or, for certain unrealized losses, reported in interest and net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) if the decline in value is other than temporary. The carrying amount of total debt was $1,738 million and $1,776 million and the estimated fair value was $1,842 million and $1,791 million as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair value of our debt is estimated based on available market prices for the same or similar instruments which are considered significant other observable inputs (Level 2) within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values presented reflect the amounts that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The fair value estimates presented in this report are based on information available to us as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

We have estimated the fair value of our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the market and income approaches. For investments in marketable securities, deferred compensation trust assets and derivative contracts, which are carried at their fair values, our fair value estimates incorporate quoted market prices, other observable inputs (for example, forward interest rates) and unobservable inputs (for example, forward commodity prices) at the balance sheet date.

Interest rate swap contracts are valued using forward interest rate curves obtained from third-party market data providers. The fair value of each contract is the sum of the expected future settlements between the contract counterparties, discounted to present value. The expected future settlements are determined by comparing the contract interest rate to the expected forward interest rate as of each settlement date and applying the difference between the two rates to the notional amount of debt in the interest rate swap contracts.

Fuel swap contracts are valued using forward fuel price curves obtained from third-party market data providers. The fair value of each contract is the sum of the expected future settlements between the contract counterparties, discounted to present value. The expected future settlements are determined by comparing the contract fuel price to the expected forward fuel price as of each settlement date and applying the difference between the contract and expected prices to the notional gallons in the fuel swap contracts. We regularly review the forward price curves obtained from third-party market data providers and related changes in fair value for reasonableness utilizing information available to us from other published sources.

We have not changed our valuation techniques for measuring the fair value of any financial assets and liabilities during the year. Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the end of the reporting period. There were no significant transfers between levels during each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented are as follows:



				Estimated Fair Value Measurements
				Quoted		Significant
				Prices In		Other		Significant
				Active		Observable		Unobservable
	Statement of Financial	Carrying		Markets		Inputs		Inputs
(In millions)	Position Location	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
As of December 31, 2019:
Financial Assets:
Deferred compensation trust assets	Long-term marketable securities	$	13	$	13	$	—	$	—
Fuel swap contracts	Prepaid expenses and other assets and Other assets		1		—		—		1
Interest rate swap contracts	Other assets		5		—		5		—
Total financial assets		$	19	$	13	$	5	$	1
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	Accrued liabilities—Other and Other long-term obligations		1		—		1		—
Total financial liabilities		$	1	$	—	$	1	$	—
As of December 31, 2018:
Financial Assets:
Deferred compensation trust assets	Long-term marketable securities	$	13	$	13	$	—	$	—
Investment in frontdoor, inc.			445		—		445		—
Investments in marketable securities	Long-term marketable securities		8		8		—		—
Interest rate swap contracts	Other assets		30		—		30		—
Total financial assets		$	496	$	21	$	475	$	—
Financial Liabilities:
Fuel swap contracts	Accrued liabilities—Other	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	4
Total financial liabilities		$	4	$	—	$	—	$	4

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair values of financial instruments valued using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis is presented as follows:



	Fuel Swap
	Contract Assets
(In millions)	(Liabilities)		Location of Loss included in Earnings
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	3
Total (losses) gains (realized and unrealized)
Included in earnings		3	Cost of services rendered and products sold
Included in other comprehensive income		(7)
Settlements		(3)
Balance as of December 31, 2018		(4)
Total gains (losses) (realized and unrealized)
Included in earnings		—	Cost of services rendered and products sold
Included in other comprehensive income		5
Settlements		—
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	1

The following tables present information relating to the significant unobservable inputs of our Level 3 financial instruments:

Fair Value

Valuation

Weighted

(in millions)

Technique

Unobservable Input

Range

Average

As of December 31, 2019:

Fuel swap contracts

Discounted Cash Flows

Forward Unleaded Price per Gallon⁽¹⁾

$2.37 - $2.80

2.61

As of December 31, 2018:

Fuel swap contracts

(4)

Discounted Cash Flows

Forward Unleaded Price per Gallon⁽¹⁾

$2.09 - $2.43

2.26

(1)Forward prices per gallon were derived from third-party market data providers. A decrease in the forward price would result in an increase in the fair value liability of the fuel swap contracts.

We use derivative financial instruments to manage risks associated with changes in fuel prices and interest rates. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. In designating derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments under accounting standards for derivative instruments, we formally document the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for the use of the hedging instrument. This documentation includes linking the derivatives to forecasted transactions. We assess at the time a derivative contract is entered into, and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the derivative item is effective in offsetting the projected changes in cash flows of the associated forecasted transactions. All of our designated hedging instruments are classified as cash flow hedges.

We have historically hedged a significant portion of our annual fuel consumption. We have also historically hedged the interest payments on a portion of our variable rate debt through the use of interest rate swap agreements. All of our fuel swap contracts and interest rate swap contracts are classified as cash flow hedges, and, as such, the hedging instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as either an asset or liability at fair value, with the effective portion of changes in the fair value attributable to the hedged risks recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Cash flows related to fuel and interest rate derivatives are classified as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

As of December 31, 2019, we had fuel swap contracts to pay fixed prices for fuel with an aggregate notional amount of $31 million, maturing through 2021. Under the terms of our fuel swap contracts, we are required to post collateral in the event that the fair value of the contracts exceeds a certain agreed upon liability level and in other circumstances required by the counterparty. As of December 31, 2019, we had posted $2 million in letters of credit as collateral under our fuel hedging program, which were issued under the Revolving Credit Facility.

The effective portion of the gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. These amounts are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted debt interest settlement or the fuel settlement affects earnings. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for the effective portion of the gain or loss on derivative instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and for the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income and into earnings. The amount expected to be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months includes unrealized gains and losses related to open fuel hedges and interest rate swaps. Specifically, as the underlying forecasted transactions occur during the next 12 months, the hedging gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in earnings is a gain of $2 million, net of tax, as of December 31, 2019. The amounts that are ultimately reclassified into earnings will be based on actual fuel prices and interest rates at the time the positions are settled and may differ materially from the amount noted above.