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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

12. INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $0.5 million as compared to income tax benefit of $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $0.3 million as compared to income tax benefit of $0.5 million for six months ended June 30, 2019. The income tax expense and benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, were primarily attributable to non-U.S. tax benefit associated with the Company's non-U.S. operations. Based on the available objective evidence during the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company believes it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the U.S. losses incurred may not be realized. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against the tax benefits of the U.S. losses incurred. The primary difference between the effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate relates to the valuation allowance on the Company’s U.S. losses.

The tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense for all periods presented was not material.

A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized through future operations. As a result of the Company’s analysis of all available objective evidence, both positive and negative, as of June 30, 2020, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets with the exception of deferred tax assets related to foreign entities in the UK, China, India, Netherlands, and Denmark.

On June 29, 2020, California enacted legislative changes that impose an annual cap of $5 million on the amount of business incentive tax credits the Company can utilize in California effective for tax years 2020 through 2022. The legislation has no impact to the Company’s tax provision due to our full valuation allowance.