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Income taxes
9 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes Income taxesThe Company follows FASB Accounting Standards Codification 740-270, Income Taxes - Interim Reporting, for the computation and presentation of its interim period tax provision. Accordingly, management estimated the effective annual tax rate and applied this rate to the year-to-date pre-tax book income to determine the interim benefit or provision for income taxes. For the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, the Company recorded income tax expense of $2.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively. This resulted in an effective income tax expense rate of 56.7% and 36.8% for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, respectively, compared with an effective income tax benefit rate of 31.7% and an effective income tax expense rate of 8.9% for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2019, respectively. For the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, the net
impact of discrete tax items caused a 6.0 percentage point expense and a 9.6 percentage point benefit and a 1.1 and 8.7 percentage point benefit, respectively, to the effective income tax rate primarily due to the excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation expense and return-to-provision adjustments, which were partially offset by state apportionment changes recognized in the provision for income taxes relative to pre-tax book income. Due to significantly lower pre-tax book income during the nine months ended October 31, 2020, discrete items had a greater impact on the effective income tax rate than during the nine months ended October 31, 2019.
As of October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefit was $10.0 million and $9.4 million, respectively. As of October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, a net unrecognized tax benefit of $0.5 million was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. If recognized, $9.2 million of the total gross unrecognized tax benefits would affect the Company's effective tax rate as of October 31, 2020.
The Company files income tax returns with U.S. federal and state taxing jurisdictions and is currently under examination with the state of Texas. As a result of the Company's net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, the Company remains subject to examination by one or more jurisdictions for tax years after 2000.