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EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:
 Three Months Ended March 31,
Dollars in millions20252024
Cost of products sold$15 $14 
Selling, general and administrative
56 53 
Research and development72 66 
Total stock-based compensation expense
$144 $133 
Income tax benefit(a)
$30 $28 
(a)    Income tax benefit excludes excess tax (deficiencies)/benefits from share-based compensation awards that were vested or exercised of $4 million and $(17) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

The number of units granted and the weighted-average fair value on the grant date for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were as follows:
Units in millionsUnitsWeighted-Average Fair Value
Restricted stock units11.6 $57.19 
Market share units1.1 $71.38 
Performance share units0.5 $62.72 
Dollars in millionsRestricted Stock UnitsMarket Share UnitsPerformance Share Units
Unrecognized compensation cost$1,281 $124 $92 
Expected weighted-average period in years of compensation cost to be recognized3.02.51.9