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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Dollars in MillionsLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 1Level 2Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents - money market and other securities$— $9,467 $— $— $12,225 $— 
Marketable debt securities:
Certificates of deposit— 2,013 — — 2,264 — 
Commercial paper— 325 — — 320 — 
Corporate debt securities— 261 — — 403 — 
Derivative assets— 288 10 — 206 12 
Equity investments1,410 44 — 1,910 109 — 
Derivative liabilities— 58 — — 25 — 
Contingent consideration liability:
Contingent value rights— — — — 
Other acquisition related contingent consideration— — 34 — — 35 

As further described in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 9. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K, the Company’s fair value estimates use inputs that are either (1) quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1 inputs); (2) observable prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active (Level 2 inputs); or (3) unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs).
Contingent consideration obligations are recorded at their estimated fair values and these obligations are revalued each reporting period until the related contingencies are resolved. The contingent value rights are adjusted to fair value using the traded price of the securities at the end of each reporting period. The fair value measurements for other contingent consideration liabilities are estimated using probability-weighted discounted cash flow approaches that are based on significant unobservable inputs related to product candidates acquired in business combinations and are reviewed quarterly. These inputs include, as applicable, estimated probabilities and timing of achieving specified development and regulatory milestones and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of estimated future payments. Significant changes which increase or decrease the probabilities of achieving the related development and regulatory events or shorten or lengthen the time required to achieve such events would result in corresponding increases or decreases in the fair values of these obligations.

Marketable Debt Securities and Equity Investments

The following table summarizes marketable debt securities:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Dollars in MillionsAmortized CostGross UnrealizedAmortized CostGross Unrealized
GainsLossesFair ValueGainsLossesFair Value
Certificates of deposit$2,013 $— $— $2,013 $2,264 $— $— $2,264 
Commercial paper325 — — 325 320 — — 320 
Corporate debt securities260 — 261 401 — 403 
Total marketable debt securities(a)
$2,598 $$— $2,599 $2,985 $$— $2,987 
(a)    All marketable debt securities mature within one year as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The following summarizes the carrying amount of equity investments:
Dollars in MillionsMarch 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
Equity investments with readily determinable fair values$1,454 $2,019 
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values330 283 
Equity method investments629 666 
Total equity investments$2,413 $2,968 

The following summarizes the activity related to equity investments. Changes in fair value of equity investments are included in Other (income)/expense, net.
Three Months Ended March 31,
Dollars in Millions20222021
Equity investments with readily determined fair values(a)
Net loss/(gain) recognized$598 $(196)
Net loss recognized on investments sold— 
Net unrealized loss/(gain) recognized on investments still held598 (199)
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
Upward adjustments(6)(269)
Impairments and downward adjustments
Cumulative upward adjustments(109)
Cumulative impairments and downward adjustments52 
Equity in net (income)/loss of affiliates50 (137)
(a)    Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

Qualifying Hedges and Non-Qualifying Derivatives

Cash Flow Hedges — Foreign currency forward contracts are used to hedge certain forecasted intercompany inventory purchases and sales transactions and certain foreign currency transactions. The fair value for contracts designated as cash flow hedges is temporarily reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and included in earnings when the hedged item affects earnings. The net gain or loss on foreign currency forward contracts is expected to be reclassified to net earnings (primarily included in Cost of products sold and Other (income)/expense, net) within the next 24 months. The notional amount of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was primarily attributed to the euro of $5.3 billion and Japanese yen of $1.3 billion at March 31, 2022.
The earnings impact related to discontinued cash flow hedges and hedge ineffectiveness was not material during all periods presented. Cash flow hedge accounting is discontinued when the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring within 60 days after the originally forecasted date or when the hedge is no longer effective. Assessments to determine whether derivatives designated as qualifying hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of hedged items are performed at inception and on a quarterly basis. Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments are used to offset exposures in certain foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and earnings. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recognized in earnings as they occur.

Net Investment Hedges — Non-U.S. dollar borrowings of €950 million ($1.1 billion) at March 31, 2022 are designated as net investment hedges to hedge euro currency exposures of the net investment in certain foreign affiliates and are recognized in long-term debt. The effective portion of foreign exchange gain on the remeasurement of euro debt was included in the foreign currency translation component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss with the related offset in long-term debt.

Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts of $600 million at March 31, 2022 are designated to hedge Japanese yen currency exposure of BMS’s net investment in its Japan subsidiaries. Contract fair value changes are recorded in the foreign currency translation component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss with a related offset in Other non-current assets or Other non-current liabilities.

Fair Value Hedges — Fixed to floating interest rate swap contracts are designated as fair value hedges and used as an interest rate risk management strategy to create an appropriate balance of fixed and floating rate debt. The contracts and underlying debt for the hedged benchmark risk are recorded at fair value. The effective interest rate for the contracts is one-month LIBOR (0.45% as of March 31, 2022) plus an interest rate spread of 4.6%. Gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of the underlying debt attributable to the hedged benchmark interest rate risk are recorded in interest expense with an associated offset to the carrying value of debt. Since the specific terms and notional amount of the swap are intended to align with the debt being hedged, all changes in fair value of the swap are recorded in interest expense with an associated offset to the derivative asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheet. As a result, there was no net impact in earnings. If the underlying swap is terminated prior to maturity, then the fair value adjustment to the underlying debt is amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the debt.

In February 2022, Treasury lock contracts were entered into with a total notional value of $3.0 billion to hedge interest rate risk associated with the anticipated issuance of long-term debt. The Treasury lock contracts were terminated upon the issuance of the aggregate $6.0 billion of unsecured senior notes. These contracts were not designated for hedge accounting. The settlement of these contracts were not material.

In March 2022, Treasury lock contracts were entered into with a total notional value of $2.3 billion to hedge cash payment for the anticipated redemption of long-term debt. The Treasury lock contracts were terminated upon pricing the debt redemption. These contracts were not designated for hedge accounting. The settlement of these contracts were not material.

The following table summarizes the fair value of outstanding derivatives:
 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Asset(a)
Liability(b)
Asset(a)
Liability(b)
Dollars in MillionsNotionalFair ValueNotionalFair ValueNotionalFair ValueNotionalFair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swap contracts$— $— $255 $(3)$255 $10 $— $— 
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts450 37 150 (1)600 26 — — 
Foreign currency forward contracts5,409 230 2,492 (44)3,587 161 1,814 (20)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forward contracts744 21 629 (10)883 568 (5)
Other— 10 — — — 12 — — 
(a)    Included in Other current assets and Other non-current assets.
(b)    Included in Other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities.
The following table summarizes the financial statement classification and amount of (gain)/loss recognized on hedging instruments:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Dollars in MillionsCost of products soldOther (income)/expense, netCost of products soldOther (income)/expense, net
Interest rate swap contracts$— $(11)$— $(8)
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts— (4)— (3)
Foreign currency forward contracts(82)(57)67 (32)

The following table summarizes the effect of derivative and non-derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments in Other Comprehensive Income:
Three Months Ended March 31,
Dollars in Millions20222021
Derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges
Foreign currency forward contracts gain/(loss):
Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income(a)
$120 $259 
Reclassified to Cost of products sold(82)36 
Forward starting interest rate swap contract loss:
Reclassified to Other (income)/expense, net(3)— 
Derivatives qualifying as net investment hedges
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts gain:
Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income13 26 
Non-derivatives qualifying as net investment hedges
Non-U.S. dollar borrowings gain:
Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income15 41 
(a)    The majority is expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 18 months.

Debt Obligations

Short-term debt obligations include:
Dollars in MillionsMarch 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
Non-U.S. short-term borrowings$130 $105 
Current portion of long-term debt7,297 4,764 
Other95 79 
Total$7,522 $4,948 
Long-term debt and the current portion of long-term debt include:
Dollars in MillionsMarch 31,
2022
December 31,
2021
Principal Value$43,925 $43,095 
Adjustments to Principal Value:
Fair value of interest rate swap contracts(4)10 
Unamortized basis adjustment from swap terminations113 119 
Unamortized bond discounts and issuance costs(303)(263)
Unamortized purchase price adjustments of Celgene debt1,016 1,408 
Total$44,747 $44,369 
Current portion of long-term debt$7,297 $4,764 
Long-term debt37,450 39,605 
Total$44,747 $44,369 

The fair value of long-term debt was $45.8 billion at March 31, 2022 and $49.1 billion at December 31, 2021 valued using Level 2 inputs, which are based upon the quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments. The fair value of short-term borrowings approximates the carrying value due to the short maturities of the debt instruments.

In the three months ended March 31, 2022, BMS issued an aggregate principal amount of $6.0 billion of debt consisting of $1.75 billion of 2.950% Notes due 2032, $1.25 billion of 3.550% Notes due 2042, $2.0 billion of 3.700% Notes due 2052 and $1.0 billion of 3.900% Notes due 2062 with proceeds net of discount and deferred loan issuance costs of $5.9 billion. The notes rank equally in right of payment with all of BMS's existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and are redeemable at any time, in whole, or in part, at varying specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Additionally, BMS purchased aggregate principal amount of $5.2 billion of certain of its debt securities for approximately $5.8 billion of cash in tender offers. In connection with these transactions, a $275 million loss on debt redemption was recognized based on the carrying value of the debt and included in Other (income)/expense, net.

In April 2022, BMS purchased aggregate principal amount of $849 million of certain of its debt securities for approximately $880 million of cash pursuant to “make whole” redemptions.

In the three months ended March 31, 2021, BMS purchased aggregate principal amount of $3.5 billion of certain of its debt securities for approximately $4.0 billion of cash in a series of tender offers and “make whole” redemptions. In connection with these transactions, a $281 million loss on debt redemption was recognized based on the carrying value of the debt and included in Other (income)/expense, net. In addition, the $500 million 2.875% Notes matured and were repaid.

Interest payments were $377 million and $435 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, net of amounts related to interest rate swap contracts.

At December 31, 2021, we had four separate revolving credit facilities totaling $6.0 billion, which consisted of a 364-day $2.0 billion facility which expired in January 2022, a three-year $1.0 billion facility which expired in January 2022 and two five-year $1.5 billion facilities that were extended to September 2025 and July 2026, respectively.

In January 2022, we entered into a five-year $5.0 billion facility expiring in January 2027, which is extendable annually by one year with the consent of the lenders. This facility provides for customary terms and conditions with no financial covenants and may be used to provide backup liquidity for our commercial paper borrowings. Concurrently with the entry into this facility, the commitments under our existing five-year $1.5 billion facilities were terminated and the three-year $1.0 billion facility and 364-day $2.0 billion facility expired in accordance with their terms in January 2022. No borrowings were outstanding under any revolving credit facility at March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.