Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for its services. The Company generates revenue from two different client types: Transactional and Managed Transportation. Most clients are categorized as Transactional clients. For its Transactional business, the Company provides brokerage and transportation management services on a shipment-by-shipment basis. Carrier selection, dispatch, load management and tracking are integrated services that occur within the brokerage and transportation management performance obligation. For the brokerage and transportation management services performance obligation, revenue is recognized as the client's shipment travels from origin to destination by a third-party carrier. The Company is the principal in these transactions and recognizes revenue on a gross and relative transit time basis.

The Company categorizes a client as a Managed Transportation client if there is an agreement with the client for the provision of services, typically for a multi-year term. Brokerage and transportation management services is typically the performance obligation for the Company's Managed Transportation clients. For this performance obligation, revenue is recognized gross as the Company is the principal in these transactions, and is recognized as the Managed Transportation client's shipment travels from origin to destination on a relative transit time basis. Other performance obligations for Managed Transportation clients may include transportation management services, which includes the integrated services of dispatch, tracking and carrier payment. For these types of transactions, revenue is recorded on a net basis, as the Company does not have latitude in carrier selection or establish rates with the carrier. The Company also performs project-based services, such as compliance management, customized re-billing services and freight studies for certain Managed Transportation clients.

The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by client type (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Client Type	2020		2019		2020		2019
Transactional	$	533,853	$	433,319	$	1,359,021	$	1,273,687
Managed Transportation	157,641		128,123		398,241		379,613
Revenue	$	691,495	$	561,441	$	1,757,262	$	1,653,300

Note: Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

Revenue recognized per shipment varies depending on the transportation mode. The primary modes of shipment in which the Company transacts are truckload and less than truckload. Other transportation modes include intermodal, small parcel, domestic air, expedited and international.

The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by mode (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Mode	2020		2019		2020		2019
Truckload	$	488,158	$	368,859	$	1,208,131	$	1,085,431
Less than truckload	175,460		167,604		474,962		487,590
Other revenue	27,876		24,978		74,170		80,279
Revenue	$	691,495	$	561,441	$	1,757,262	$	1,653,300

Note: Amounts may not foot due to rounding.

Commissions

The Company recognizes commission expense when incurred because the amortization period is less than one year. Commission expense is recognized on a relative transit time basis, which aligns with the Company's revenue recognition policy.

Variable Consideration

Certain customers may receive rebates based on the terms of their agreement with the Company, which are accounted for as variable consideration. Rebates are estimated based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenue recognized. The Company also estimates for possible additional fees based on a portfolio approach.