As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on
Securities Act File No. 333-183489
Investment Company Act File No. 811-22739
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☐ |
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 | ☒ |
| and/or | |
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☐ |
| Amendment No. 87 | ☒ |
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
51 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (888) 474-7725
Matthew V. Curtin, Esq.
IndexIQ Advisors LLC
51 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
| ☐ | Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485. | |
| ☒ | On | |
| ☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485. | |
| ☐ | On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 485. | |
| ☐ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. | |
| ☐ | On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 485. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
| ☐ | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
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| | Management Fee | | | | | | | |
| | Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | | | | | | | |
| | Other Expenses(a) | | | | | | | |
| | Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(a) | | | | | | | |
| | Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | | | | | | | |
| | Expense Waiver/Reimbursement(b) | | | | | | | |
| | Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Waiver/Reimbursement | | | | | | |
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1 Year
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3 Years
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| $ |
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Name & Title
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Length of Service
with Subadvisor |
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Length of Service as
Fund’s Portfolio Manager |
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| Michael Denlinger, Director | | |
Since 2019
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Since Inception
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| John Lawlor, Managing Director | | |
Since 2016
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Since Inception
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| Michael Petty, Senior Managing Director | | |
Since 2010
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Since Inception
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| Scott Sprauer, Senior Managing Director | | |
Since 2009
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Since Inception
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Fund Name
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Management Fee
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| IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF | | | | | 0.45% | | |
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Fund Name
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses,
After Fee Waiver |
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| IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF | | | | | 0.35% | | |
| | Trust | | | IndexIQ Active ETF Trust, a registered open-end investment company | |
| | Fund | | | The investment portfolios of the Trust | |
| | Shares | | | Shares of the Fund offered to investors | |
| | Advisor | | | IndexIQ Advisors LLC | |
| | Custodian | | | The Bank of New York Mellon, the custodian of the Fund’s assets | |
| | Distributor | | | ALPS Distributors, Inc., the distributor of the Fund | |
| | AP or Authorized Participant |
| | Certain large institutional investors such as brokers, dealers, banks or other entities that have entered into authorized participant agreements with the Distributor | |
| | NYSE Arca | | |
NYSE Arca, Inc., the primary market on which Shares are listed for trading
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| | IIV | | | The Indicative Intra-Day Value, an appropriate per-Share value based on the Fund’s portfolio | |
| | 1940 Act | | | Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended | |
| | NAV | | | Net asset value | |
| | SAI | | | Statement of Additional Information | |
| | SEC | | | Securities and Exchange Commission | |
| | Secondary Market | | | A national securities exchange, national securities association or over-the counter trading system where Shares may trade from time to time | |
| | Securities Act | | | Securities Act of 1933, as amended | |
| | Subadvisor | | | MacKay Shields LLC | |
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
INDEXIQ ACTIVE ETF TRUST
51 MADISON AVENUE
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10010
PHONE: (888) 474-7725
December 14, 2021
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with and is incorporated by reference into the prospectus dated December 14, 2021 (“Prospectus”) for the IndexIQ Active ETF (the “Trust), relating to the IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF (MMCA) (the “Fund”), as it may be revised from time to time.
A copy of the Trust’s Prospectus relating to the Fund may be obtained, without charge, by calling (888) 474-7725 or visiting newyorklifeinvestments.com, or writing to the Trust, c/o ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203.
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this SAI and the Prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations may not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Trust.
The SAI does not constitute an offer to sell securities.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND THE FUND
The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on January 30, 2008 and is authorized to have multiple segregated series or portfolios. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Trust currently consists of a number of separate investment portfolios, of which four are in operation. This SAI addresses the IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF (the “Fund”), an investment portfolio of the Trust, which is deemed to be diversified for the purposes of the 1940 Act. Other portfolios may be added to the Trust in the future. The shares of the Fund are referred to herein as “Shares.” The offering of Shares is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
The Fund is managed by IndexIQ Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”). The Advisor has been registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) since August 9, 2007 and is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC.
The Fund is subadvised by MacKay Shields LLC (the “Subadvisor”). The Subadvisor was incorporated in 1969 as an independent investment advisory firm and has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since 1969. The Subadvisor was privately held until 1984 when it became a wholly-owned subsidiary of New York Life.
The Fund offers and issues Shares at net asset value (the “NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit” or a “Creation Unit Aggregation”). The Shares of the Fund trade or are expected to trade on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares will trade on the Exchange at market prices that may be below, at, or above NAV. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of shares of the Fund generally consists of cash only, although the Fund also reserves the right to permit or require the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) along with a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”). Shares are redeemable only in Creation Unit Aggregations and, generally, in exchange for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. Creation Units are aggregations of 50,000 Shares of the Fund. In the event of the liquidation of the Fund, the Trust may lower the number of Shares in a Creation Unit.
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary for the Fund to maintain the listing of its Shares will continue to be met. The Exchange will consider the suspension of trading and delisting of the Shares of the Fund from listing if, (i) the Fund does not comply with the Exchange’s continuous listing standards; or (ii) such other event shall occur or condition exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further trading on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the Shares of the Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
The Fund’s continued listing on the Exchange or another stock exchange or market system is a condition of the exemptive relief the Fund obtained from the SEC to operate as an exchange-traded fund (“ETFs”). The Fund’s failure to be so listed would result in the termination of the Fund.
As in the case of other stocks traded on the Exchange, brokers’ commissions on transactions will be based on commission rates negotiated by an investor and his or her broker.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of the Shares in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Investment Objectives
The Fund has a distinct investment objective and policies that are distinct from the other series of the Trust. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s objective will be achieved.
All investment objectives and investment policies not specifically designated as fundamental may be changed without shareholder approval. Additional information about the Fund, its policies, and the investment instruments it may hold, is provided below.
The Fund’s share prices will fluctuate with market and economic conditions. The Fund should not be relied upon as a complete investment program.
Investment Restrictions
The investment restrictions set forth below have been adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) as fundamental policies that cannot be changed with respect to the Fund without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. The investment objective of the Fund and all other investment policies or practices of the Fund are considered by the Trust not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. For purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the lesser of the vote of (i) 67% or more of the Shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the Shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund:
A. May not invest 25% or more of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries. The Fund will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in any investment company that so concentrates. This limitation does not apply to investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or shares of investment companies. Also, for purposes of industry concentration, tax-exempt securities issued by states, municipalities and their political subdivisions are not considered to be part of any industry.
B. May borrow money, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
C. May make loans as permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
D. May act as an underwriter of securities within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), to the extent permitted under the Securities Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
E. May purchase or sell real estate or any interest therein to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
F. May not purchase physical commodities or contracts regarding physical commodities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act and other applicable laws, rules and regulations, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
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G. May issue senior securities, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or modified by regulatory authorities having jurisdiction, from time to time.
H. Will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its assets in investments the income of which is exempt from federal and California income taxes.
Unless otherwise indicated, all of the percentage limitations above and in the investment restrictions recited in the Prospectus apply only at the time of an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of the Fund, except that any borrowings by the Fund that exceeds applicable limitations must be reduced to meet such limitations within the period required by the 1940 Act. Therefore, a change in the percentage that results from a relative change in values or from a change in the Fund’s assets will not be considered a violation of the Fund’s policies or restrictions. “Value” for the purposes of all investment restrictions shall mean the value used in determining the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”).
Additional Information Regarding Investment Restrictions
Below is additional information regarding the Fund’s investment restrictions. This information is in addition to, rather than part of, the fundamental investment restrictions themselves.
For purposes of the Fund’s industry concentration policy, the Advisor or a Subadvisor may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and instrument and may assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics. The Advisor or a Subadvisor may, but need not, consider industry classifications provided by third parties.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
A discussion of the risks associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Fund’s Prospectus under the headings “Principal Risks Factors,” “Description of the Principal Risks of the Fund” and “Additional Risks.” The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Fund’s Prospectus.
General
Investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the portfolio of securities held by the Fund may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of common stocks or fixed-income securities generally and other factors.
Municipal Securities
The Fund will purchase municipal securities. Municipal securities include securities issued by, or on behalf of, the District of Columbia, the states, the territories (including Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands), commonwealths and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, and agencies, authorities and instrumentalities (collectively, “municipalities”). Municipal securities, which may be issued in various forms, including bonds and notes, are issued to obtain funds for various public purposes.
Municipal bonds are debt obligations issued by municipalities. Typically, the interest payable on municipal bonds is, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer at the time of issuance, exempt from U.S. federal income tax.
The Fund’s investments in municipal securities may be affected by political and economic developments within the applicable municipality and by the financial condition of the municipality. Certain of the issuers in which the Fund may invest have recently experienced, or may experience, significant financial difficulties and repeated credit rating downgrades. For example, Puerto Rico, in particular, has been experiencing significant financial difficulties, which
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have further strained Puerto Rico’s economic stagnation and fiscal challenges (including budget deficits, underfunded pensions, high unemployment, population decline, significant debt service obligations, liquidity issues, and reduced access to financial markets). The default by issuers of Puerto Rico municipal securities on their obligations under securities held by the Fund may adversely affect the Fund and cause the Fund to lose the value of its investment in such securities.
Municipal bonds include securities from a variety of sectors, each of which has unique risks. They include, but are not limited to, general obligation bonds, limited obligation bonds, and revenue bonds (including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to U.S. federal tax law). General obligation bonds are obligations involving the credit of an issuer possessing taxing power and are payable from such issuer's general revenues and not from any particular source. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued for either project or enterprise financings in which the bond issuer pledges to the bondholders the revenues generated by the operating projects financed from the proceeds of the bond issuance. Revenue bonds involve the credit risk of the underlying project or enterprise (or its corporate user) rather than the credit risk of the issuing municipality. Under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, certain limited obligation bonds are considered "private activity bonds" and interest paid on such bonds is treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of calculating U.S. federal alternative minimum tax liability. Tax exempt private activity bonds and industrial development bonds generally are also classified as revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuer's general revenues. The credit and quality of private activity bonds and industrial development bonds are usually related to the credit of the corporate user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds are the responsibility of the corporate user (and/or any guarantor).
Some municipal bonds may be issued as variable or floating rate securities and may incorporate market-dependent liquidity features. Some longer-term municipal bonds give the investor the right to "put" or sell the security at par (face value) within a specified number of days following the investor's request—usually one to seven days. This demand feature enhances a security's liquidity by shortening its effective maturity and enables it to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, the Fund would hold the longer-term security, which could experience substantially more volatility. Municipal bonds that are issued as variable or floating rate securities incorporating market-dependent liquidity features may have greater liquidity risk than other municipal bonds.
Some municipal bonds feature credit enhancements, such as lines of credit, letters of credit, municipal bond insurance, and standby bond purchase agreements ("SBPAs"). SBPAs include lines of credit that are issued by a third party, usually a bank, to enhance liquidity and ensure repayment of principal and any accrued interest if the underlying municipal bond should default. Municipal bond insurance, which is usually purchased by the bond issuer from a private, non-governmental insurance company, provides an unconditional and irrevocable assurance that the insured bond's principal and interest will be paid when due. Insurance does not guarantee the price of the bond or the share price of any Fund.
The credit rating of an insured bond may reflect the credit rating of the insurer, based on its claims-paying ability. The obligation of a municipal bond insurance company to pay a claim extends over the life of each insured bond. Although defaults on insured municipal bonds have historically been low and municipal bond insurers historically have met their claims, there is no assurance this will continue. A higher-than expected default rate could strain the insurer's loss reserves and adversely affect its ability to pay claims to bondholders. The number of municipal bond insurers is relatively small, and not all of them have the highest credit rating. An SBPA can include a liquidity facility that is provided to pay the purchase price of any bonds that cannot be remarketed. The obligation of the liquidity provider (usually a bank) is only to advance funds to purchase tendered bonds that cannot be remarketed and does not cover principal or interest under any other circumstances. The liquidity provider's obligations under
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the SBPA are usually subject to numerous conditions, including the continued creditworthiness of the underlying borrower or bond issuer.
Municipal bonds also include tender option bonds, which are municipal derivatives created by dividing the income stream provided by an underlying municipal bond to create two securities issued by a special-purpose trust, one short-term and one long-term. The interest rate on the short-term component is periodically reset. The short-term component has negligible interest rate risk, while the long-term component has all of the interest rate risk of the original bond. After income is paid on the short-term securities at current rates, the residual income goes to the long-term securities.
Therefore, rising short-term interest rates result in lower income for the longer-term portion, and vice versa. The longer-term components can be very volatile and may be less liquid than other municipal bonds of comparable maturity. These securities have been developed in the secondary market to meet the demand for short-term, tax-exempt securities.
Prices and yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, including general money-market conditions, the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal bonds may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded. Tax Anticipation Notes are used to finance working capital needs of municipalities and are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenues, to be payable from these specific future taxes. They are usually general obligations of the issuer, secured by the taxing power for the payment of principal and interest.
Municipal securities also include various forms of notes. These notes include, but are not limited to, the following types:
| - | Revenue anticipation notes which are issued in expectation of receipt of other kinds of revenue, such as federal revenues. They, also, are usually general obligations of the issuer. |
| - | Bond anticipation notes which are normally issued to provide interim financial assistance until long-term financing can be arranged. The long-term bonds then provide funds for the repayment of the notes. |
| - | Construction loan notes which are sold to provide construction financing for specific projects. After successful completion and acceptance, many projects receive permanent financing through the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) under the FNMA or GNMA. |
| - | Project notes which are instruments sold by HUD but issued by a state or local housing agency to provide financing for a variety of programs. They are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, and generally carry a term of one year or less. |
| - | Short-term discount notes (tax-exempt commercial paper), which are short-term (365 days or less) promissory notes issued by municipalities to supplement their cash flow. |
An entire issue of municipal securities may be purchased by one or a small number of institutional investors such as the Funds. Thus, the issue may not be said to be publicly offered. Unlike securities that must be registered under the Securities Act prior to offer and sale, unless an exemption from such registration is available, municipal securities that are not publicly offered may nevertheless be readily marketable. A secondary market may exist for municipal securities that were not publicly offered initially.
Municipal securities are subject to credit risk. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal securities may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded. Obligations of issuers of municipal securities are generally subject to the provisions of bankruptcy,
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insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. Congress or state legislatures may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their municipal securities may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Such litigation or conditions may from time to time have the effect of introducing uncertainties in the market for municipal securities or certain segments thereof, or of materially affecting the credit risk with respect to particular bonds. Adverse economic, business, legal, or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of the Fund's municipal securities in the same manner.
An insolvent municipality may take steps to reorganize its debt, which might include extending debt maturities, reducing the amount of principal or interest, refinancing the debt or taking other measures that may significantly affect the rights of creditors and the value of the securities issued by the municipality and the value of the Fund’s investments in those securities. Under bankruptcy law, certain municipalities that meet specific conditions may be provided protection from creditors while they develop and negotiate plans for reorganizing their debts. U.S. bankruptcy law generally provides that individual U.S. states are not permitted to pass their own laws purporting to bind non-consenting creditors to a restructuring of a municipality’s indebtedness, and thus all such restructurings must be pursuant to Chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code.
Municipal bankruptcies are relatively rare, and certain provisions of U.S. bankruptcy law governing such bankruptcies are unclear and remain untested. Although Puerto Rico is a U.S. Territory, neither Puerto Rico nor its subdivisions or agencies are eligible to file under U.S. bankruptcy law in order to seek protection from creditors or restructure their debt. Although recent Puerto Rico legislation that would have allowed certain Puerto Rico public corporations to seek protection from creditors and to restructure their debt should they become insolvent has been ruled unconstitutional, the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to review this ruling. If the U.S. Supreme Court permits municipalities or public corporations in Puerto Rico to restructure their outstanding obligations, it could adversely affect the Fund.
Municipal securities are subject to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the chance that security prices overall will decline over short or even long periods because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk is higher for long-term bonds, whose prices are more sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of shorter-term bonds. Generally, prices of longer maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter maturity issues. Prices and yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, such as the financial condition of the issuer, general conditions of the municipal securities market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time.
Municipal bonds are subject to call risk. Call risk is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, a bond issuer will call—or repay—a higher-yielding bond before its maturity date. Forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, the Fund would experience a decline in income and lose the opportunity for additional price appreciation associated with falling rates. Call risk is generally high for long-term bonds. Municipal bonds may be deemed to be illiquid as determined by or in accordance with methods adopted by the Board.
The liquidity of municipal lease obligations purchased by the Funds will be determined pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board. Factors considered in making such determinations may include: the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other
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potential buyers; the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; the nature of marketplace trades; the obligation's rating; and, if the security is unrated, the factors generally considered by a rating agency. If municipal lease obligations are determined to be illiquid, then the Fund will limit its investment in these securities subject to its limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
The Tax Reform Act of 1986 limited the types and volume of municipal securities qualifying for the U.S. federal income tax exemption for interest, and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, treats tax-exempt interest on certain municipal securities as a tax preference item included in the alternative minimum tax base for noncorporate shareholders. Further, an issuer's failure to comply with the detailed and numerous requirements imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, after bonds have been issued may cause the retroactive revocation of the tax-exempt status of certain municipal securities after their issuance. The Funds intend to monitor developments in the municipal bond market to determine whether any defensive action should be taken.
Municipal lease obligations. Municipal lease obligations generally are issued to support a government's infrastructure by financing or refinancing equipment or property acquisitions or the construction, expansion or rehabilitation of public facilities. In such transactions, equipment or property is leased to a state or local government, which, in turn, pays lease payments to the lessor consisting of interest and principal payments on the obligations. Municipal lease obligations differ from other municipal securities because each year the lessee's governing body must appropriate (set aside) the money to make the lease payments. If the money is not appropriated, the issuer or the lessee typically can end the lease without penalty. If the lease is cancelled, investors who own the municipal lease obligations may not be paid.
The Fund may also gain exposure to municipal lease obligations through certificates of participation, which represent a proportionate interest in the payments under a specified lease or leases.
Because annual appropriations are required to make lease payments, municipal lease obligations generally are not subject to constitutional limitations on the issuance of debt, and may allow an issuer to increase government liabilities beyond constitutional debt limits. When faced with increasingly tight budgets, local governments have more discretion to curtail lease payments under a municipal lease obligation than they do to curtail payments on other municipal securities. If not enough money is appropriated to make the lease payments, the leased property may be repossessed as security for holders of the municipal lease obligations. If this happens, there is no assurance that the property's private sector or re-leasing value will be enough to make all outstanding payments on the municipal lease obligations or that the payments will continue to be tax-free.
While cancellation risk is inherent to municipal lease obligations, the Fund believes that this risk may be reduced, although not eliminated, by its policies on the credit quality of municipal securities in which it may invest.
Tax-exempt or qualified private activity and industrial development revenue bonds. Tax-exempt industrial development revenue and other similar bonds are part of a category of securities sometimes known as tax-exempt or qualified private activity bonds. These bonds are typically issued by or on behalf of public authorities to finance various privately operated facilities which are expected to benefit the municipality and its residents, such as business, manufacturing, housing, sports and pollution control, as well as public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports and parking. The payment of principal and interest is solely dependent on the ability of the facility's user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of the facility or other property as security for payment. As a result, these bonds may involve a greater degree of corporate credit risk than other municipal securities.
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Please see Appendix B for specific risks associated with investments in California.
Ratings
The Fund may invest in bonds that do not have an investment-grade rating. Bonds rated lower than Baa3 by Moody’s or BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services or Fitch are considered below investment-grade quality and are obligations of issuers that are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal according to the terms of the obligation and, therefore, carry greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy and increased market price volatility. Such securities (“lower- rated securities”) are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are subject to a substantial degree of credit risk. Lower-rated securities are often issued by smaller, less creditworthy companies or by highly leveraged (indebted) firms, which are generally less able than more financially stable firms to make scheduled payments of interest and principal. The risks posed by securities issued under such circumstances are substantial. Bonds rated below investment-grade tend to be less marketable than higher-quality bonds because the market for them is less broad. The ratings of fixed-income securities by a credit rating agency are a generally accepted barometer of credit risk. They are, however, subject to certain limitations from an investor's standpoint. The rating of an issuer is heavily weighted by past developments and does not necessarily reflect future conditions. There is frequently a lag between the time a rating is assigned and the time it is updated. In addition, there may be varying degrees of difference in credit risk of securities in each rating category. Please see Appendix C of this SAI for a description of each rating category of Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Fitch.
Floating and Variable Rate Securities
Floating and variable rate securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations must provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment intervals may be regular and range from daily up to annually, or may be based on an event, such as a change in the prime rate.
Some variable or floating rate securities are structured with liquidity features such as (1) put options or tender options that permit holders (sometimes subject to conditions) to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the issuers or certain financial intermediaries or (2) auction rate features, remarketing provisions, or other maturity-shortening devices designed to enable the issuer to refinance or redeem outstanding debt securities (market-dependent liquidity features). Variable or floating rate securities that include market- dependent liquidity features may have greater liquidity risk than other securities, due to (for example) the failure of a market-dependent liquidity feature to operate as intended (as a result of the issuer's declining creditworthiness, adverse market conditions, or other factors) or the inability or unwillingness of a participating broker/dealer to make a Secondary Market for such securities. As a result, variable or floating rate securities that include market-dependent liquidity features may lose value and the holders of such securities may be required to retain them until the later of the repurchase date, the resale date, or maturity.
The interest rate on a floating rate debt instrument (“floater”) is a variable rate that is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater may reset periodically, typically every three to six months, or whenever a specified interest rate changes. While, because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates; the Fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well.
Lending of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend portfolio securities constituting up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (as permitted by the 1940 Act). Under present regulatory policies, such loans may be made to institutions, such as brokers or dealers, pursuant to
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agreements requiring the loans to be continuously secured by collateral in cash, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, irrevocable bank letters of credit (upon consent of the Board) or any combination thereof, marked to market daily, at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. Cash received as collateral for securities lending transactions may be invested in liquid, short-term investments approved by the Advisor.
Investing the collateral subjects the Fund to risks, and the Fund will be responsible for any loss that may result from its investment of the borrowed collateral. The Fund will have the right to terminate a loan at any time and recall the loaned securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions.
For the duration of a loan, the Fund will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities loaned and will also receive compensation from investment of the collateral. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund.
The Fund will generally not have the right to vote securities during the existence of the loan, but the Advisor may call the loan to exercise the Fund’s voting or consent rights on material matters affecting the Fund’s investment in such loaned securities. As with other extensions of credit there are risks of delay in recovering, or even loss of rights in, the collateral and loaned securities should the borrower of the securities fail financially.
Loans will be made only to firms deemed creditworthy, and when the consideration which can be earned from securities loans is deemed to justify the attendant risk. The creditworthiness of a borrower will be considered in determining whether to lend portfolio securities and will be monitored during the period of the loan. It is intended that the value of securities loaned by the Fund will not exceed one-third of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the loan collateral). Loan collateral (including any investment of the collateral) is not subject to the percentage limitations stated elsewhere in this SAI or the Prospectus regarding investing in fixed-income securities and cash equivalents.
Money Market Instruments
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in high-quality money market instruments on an ongoing basis, when it would be more efficient or less expensive for the Fund to do so, or as collateral for financial instruments, for liquidity purposes, or to earn interest. The instruments in which the Fund may invest include: (1) short-term obligations issued by the U.S. government; (2) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), fixed time deposits and bankers’ acceptances of U.S. and foreign banks and similar institutions; (3) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or “A-1+” or “A-1” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group, Inc., a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Advisor; (4) repurchase agreements; and (5) money market mutual funds. CDs are short-term negotiable obligations of commercial banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Banker’s acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Tax Risks
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares of the Fund will be taxed. The tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares of the Fund.
Cyber Security and Disruptions in Operations
With the increasing use of the Internet and technology in connection with the Fund’s operations, the Fund has become potentially more susceptible to greater operational and information security risks resulting through breaches
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in cyber security. Cyber incidents can result from unintentional events (such as an inadvertent release of confidential information) or deliberate attacks by insiders or third parties, including cyber criminals, competitors, nation-states and “hacktivists,” and can be perpetrated by a variety of complex means, including the use of stolen access credentials, malware or other computer viruses, ransomware, phishing, structured query language injection attacks, and distributed denial of service attacks, among other means. Cyber security breaches include, without limitation, infection by computer viruses and unauthorized access to the Fund’s systems through “hacking” or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operations to be disrupted. Cyber security breaches may also occur in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as denial-of-service attacks or situations where authorized individuals intentionally or unintentionally release confidential information stored on the Fund’s systems. A cyber security breach may cause disruptions and impact the Fund’s business operations, which could potentially result in financial losses, inability to determine the Fund’s NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business, violation of applicable law, regulatory penalties and/or fines, compliance and other costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. Further, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent future cyber incidents.
The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. Further, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent future cyber incidents. In addition, because the Fund works closely with third-party service providers (e.g., custodians and unaffiliated subadvisors), indirect cyber security breaches at such third-party service providers may subject Fund shareholders to the same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Further, indirect cyber security breaches at an issuer of securities in which the Fund invests may similarly negatively impact Fund shareholders because of a decrease in the value of these securities. While the Fund has established risk management systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security breaches, there can be no assurances that such measures will be successful particularly since the Fund does not control the cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Liquidation of Fund
The Board may determine to close and liquidate the Fund at any time, which may have adverse consequences for shareholders. In the event of the liquidation of the Fund, shareholders will receive a liquidating distribution in cash or in-kind equal to their proportionate interest in the Fund. A liquidating distribution may be a taxable event to shareholders, resulting in a gain or loss for tax purposes, depending upon a shareholder's basis in his or her shares of the Fund. A shareholder of a liquidating Fund will not be entitled to any refund or reimbursement of expenses borne, directly or indirectly, by the shareholder (such as sales loads, account fees, or fund expenses), and a shareholder may receive an amount in liquidation less than the shareholder’s original investment.
Market Disruption Risk and Recent Market Events
Geopolitical and other events, including war, terrorism, economic uncertainty, trade disputes, public health crises and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to disruptions in the US and world economies and markets, which may increase financial market volatility and have significant adverse direct or indirect effects on the Fund and its investments. Market disruptions could cause the Fund to lose money, experience significant redemptions, and encounter operational difficulties. Although multiple asset classes may be affected by a market disruption, the duration and effects may not be the same for all types of assets. Recent market disruption events include the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, and the significant restrictions, market volatility, decreased economic and other activity and increased government activity that it has caused. Specifically, COVID-19 has led to significant death and morbidity, and concerns about its further spread have resulted in the closing of schools and non-essential businesses, cancellations, shelter-in-place orders, lower consumer spending in certain sectors, social distancing, bans on large social gatherings and travel, quarantines, government economic stimulus measures, reduced productivity, rapid increases in unemployment, increased demand for and strain on government and medical resources, border closings and global trade and supply chain interruptions, among others.
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The full effects, duration and costs of the COVID-19 pandemic are impossible to predict, and the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to evolve. The pandemic may affect certain countries, industries, economic sectors, companies and investment products more than others, may exacerbate existing economic, political, or social tensions and may increase the probability of an economic recession or depression. The Fund and its investments may be adversely affected by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a prolonged pandemic may result in the Fund and its service providers experiencing operational difficulties in coordinating a remote workforce and implementing their business continuity plans, among others.
MANAGEMENT
Board Responsibilities. The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”). The Board has considered and approved contracts, as described herein, under which certain companies provide essential management and administrative services to the Trust. The day-to-day business of the Trust, including the day-to-day management of risk, is performed by the service providers of the Trust, such as the Advisor, Subadvisor, Distributor and Administrator. The Board is responsible for overseeing the Trust’s service providers and, thus, has oversight responsibility with respect to the risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and eliminate or mitigate the potential effects of risks such as events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Trust or the Fund. The Board’s role in risk management oversight begins before the inception of an investment portfolio, at which time the Advisor and Subadvisor present the Board with information concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the investment portfolio. Additionally, the Advisor and Subadvisor provide the Board with an overview of, among other things, the respective firm’s investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board oversees the risk management of the investment portfolio’s operations, in part, by requesting periodic reports from and otherwise communicating with various personnel of the service providers, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer and the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust. The Board and, with respect to identified risks that relate to its scope of expertise, the Audit Committee of the Board, oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Fund may be exposed.
Under the overall supervision of the Board and the Audit Committee (discussed in more detail below), the service providers to the Trust employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify risks relevant to the operations of the Trust and the Fund to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust’s business and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that activity.
The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Fund by the Advisor and Subadvisor and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on at least an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the Advisory Agreement with the Advisor and the Subadvisory Agreement with the Subadvisor, the Board receives detailed information from the Advisor and the Subadvisor. Among other things, the Board regularly considers each of the Advisor’s and Subadvisor’s adherence to the Fund’s investment restrictions and compliance with various policies and procedures of the Trust and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Fund’s performance and investments.
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer meets regularly with the Board to review and discuss compliance and other issues. At least annually, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Advisor and Subadvisor. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and material compliance matters since the date of the last report.
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The Board receives reports from the Trust’s service providers regarding operational risks, portfolio valuation and other matters. Annually, the independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the financial statements of the Fund, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Trust and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Trust’s internal controls.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, despite the periodic reports the Board receives and the Board’s discussions with the service providers to the Trust, it may not be made aware of all of the relevant information of a particular risk. Most of the Trust’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Advisor and other service providers each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Trust’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.
Additionally, as required by Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, the Trust has implemented a written liquidity risk management program and related procedures (“Liquidity Program”) that is reasonably designed to assess and manage the Fund’s “liquidity risk” (defined by the SEC as the risk that the Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of remaining investors’ interests in the Fund). The Liquidity Program, which is reasonably designed to assess and manage the Funds' liquidity risk. The Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, approved the designation of IndexIQ Advisors as the Liquidity Program’s Administrator. The Board will review, no less frequently than annually, a written report prepared by the Liquidity Program's Administrator that addresses the operation of the Liquidity Program and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation.
The Board also benefits from other risk management resources and functions within New York Life, such as its risk management personnel and internal auditor department. The Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to mitigate or eliminate all risks and their possible effects, and that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment risks) to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight.
Members of the Board and Officers of the Trust. Set forth below are the names, years of birth, position with the Trust, term of office, portfolios supervised and the principal occupations and other directorships for a minimum of the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as members of the Board and as Executive Officers of the Trust. Also included below is the term of office for each of the Executive Officers of the Trust. The members of the Board serve as Trustees for the life of the Trust or until retirement, removal, or their office is terminated pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust.
Reena Aggarwal, an Independent Trustee, is Chair of the Board of Trustees. Three of the Trustees, Reena Aggarwal, Michael Pignataro and Paul Schaeffer, and their immediate family members have no affiliation or business connection with the Advisor or the Fund’s principal underwriter or any of their affiliated persons and do not own any stock or other securities issued by the Advisor or the Fund’s principal underwriter. These Trustees are not Interested Persons of the Trust and are referred to herein as “Independent Trustees.” Kirk Lehneis (the “Interested Trustee”) is an interested person of the Trust as that term is defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act because of his affiliation with the Advisor.
There is an Audit Committee and Nominating Committee of the Board, each of which is chaired by an Independent Trustee and comprised solely of Independent Trustees. The Committee chair for each is responsible for running the Committee meeting, formulating agendas for those meetings, and coordinating with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of the responsibilities of
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such Committee as set forth in its Board-approved charter. There is a Valuation Committee, which is comprised of the Independent Trustees and representatives of the Advisor to take action in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities held by the Fund in accordance with the Board-approved Valuation Procedures. The Board has determined that this leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Fund. The Board made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the Independent Trustees constitute a majority of the Board, the assets under management of the Fund, the number of portfolios overseen by the Board and the total number of trustees on the Board.
| Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||
| Name
and Year of Birth(1) | Position(s)
Held with Trust | Term
of Office and Length of Time Served(2) | Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number
of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(3) | Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years | |||||||
| Reena Aggarwal, 1957 | Trustee
Chair | Since August 2008
Since January 2018 | Vice Provost of Faculty (2016 to present), Georgetown University, Robert E. McDonough Professor (2003 to present) and Professor of Finance, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University (2000 to present); Director, Georgetown Center for Financial Markets and Policy (2010 to present); Co-Chair of Board, Social Innovations and Public Service Fund, Georgetown University (2012 to 2014). | 24 | FBR & Co. (investment banking) (2011 to 2017); Cohen & Steers (asset management) (2017 to present); Director, Brightwood Capital Advisors, L.P. (private equity investment) (2013 to present); Nuveen Churchill BDC (2019 to present). | |||||||
| Michael A. Pignataro, 1959 | Trustee | Since April 2015 | Retired; formerly, Director, Credit Suisse Asset Management (2001 to 2012); and Chief Financial Officer, Credit Suisse Funds (1996 to 2013). | 24 | The New Ireland Fund, Inc. (closed-end fund) (2015 to present). | |||||||
| Paul D. Schaeffer, 1951 | Trustee | Since April 2015 | President, ASP (dba Aspiring Solution Partners) (financial services consulting) (2013 to present); Consultant and Executive Advisor, Aquiline Capital Partners LLC (private equity investment) (2014 to present). | 24 | Management Board Member, RIA in a Box LLC (financial services consulting) (2018 to present); Context Capital Funds (mutual fund trust) (2 Portfolios) (2014 to 2018); Management Board Member, Altegris Investments, LLC (registered broker-dealer) (2016 to 2018); Management Board Member, AssetMark Inc. | |||||||
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| (financial services consulting) (2016 to 2017); PopTech! (conference operator) (2012 to 2016); Board Member, Pathways Core Training (nonprofit) (2019 to present); Board Member, Center for Collaborative Investigative Journalism (non-profit) (2020-present). | ||||||||||||||
| Interested Trustee | ||||||||||||||
| Kirk C. Lehneis, 1974(4) | Trustee, President and Principal Officer | Since January 2018 | Chief Operating Officer and Senior Managing Director, New York Life Investment Management LLC (since 2016); Chief Executive Officer, IndexIQ Advisors LLC (since 2018); Chairman of the Board, NYLIM Service Company LLC (since September 2017); President, MainStay DefinedTerm Municipal Opportunities Fund, MainStay Funds, MainStay Funds Trust, and MainStay VP Funds Trust (since September 2017). | 24 | None. | |||||||||
| Officers | ||||||
| Name and Year of Birth(1) | Position(s) Held with Trust | Term
of Office and Length of Time Served(2) | Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | |||
| Jonathan Zimmerman, 1982 | Executive Vice President | Since April 2018 | Chief Commercial Officer, IndexIQ Advisors (2021 to present); Chief Operating Officer, IndexIQ Advisors (2018 to 2021); Managing Director, New York Life Investments LLC (2018 to present); Director, New York Life Investment Management LLC (2015 to 2018); Vice President, Morgan Stanley (2007 to 2015). | |||
| Adefolahan Oyefeso, 1974 | Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer | Since April 2018 | Vice President of Operations & Finance, IndexIQ Advisors (2015 to present); Director of the Fund Administration Client Service Department at The Bank of New York Mellon (2007 to 2015). |
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| Matthew V. Curtin, 1982 | Secretary and Chief Legal Officer | Since June 2015 | Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, IndexIQ Advisors LLC (since 2015), Chief Compliance Officer, IndexIQ, IndexIQ ETF Trust and IndexIQ Active ETF Trust (June 2015 to January 2017); Associate General Counsel, New York Life Insurance Company (since February 2015); Associate, Dechert LLP (2007 to 2015). | |||||
Kevin M. Bopp, 1969 | Chief Compliance Officer | Since June 2021
| Chief Compliance Officer, IndexIQ ETF Trust and IndexIQ Active ETF Trust (since 2021); Head of Investments Compliance, New York Life Investments (since 2019); Chief Compliance Officer, IndexIQ Advisors (since 2017); Chief Compliance Officer, IndexIQ ETF Trust and IndexIQ Active ETF Trust (2017 to 2019) Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer, The MainStay Funds, MainStay Funds Trust, MainStay MacKay DefinedTerm Municipal Opportunities Fund and MainStay VP Funds Trust (2014 to 2019). |
| (1) | The address of each Trustee or officer is c/o IndexIQ Advisors, 51 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010. |
| (2) | Trustees and Officers serve until their successors are duly elected and qualified. |
| (3) | The Fund is part of a “fund complex” as defined in the 1940 Act. The fund complex includes all operational open-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by the Advisor and any funds that have an investment advisor that is an affiliated person of the Advisor. |
| (4) | Mr. Lehneis is an “interested person” of the Trust (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) because of his affiliations with the Advisor. |
Description of Standing Board Committees
Audit Committee. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee are the appointment, compensation and oversight of the Trust’s independent auditors, including the resolution of disagreements regarding financial reporting between Trust management and such independent auditors. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include, without limitation, to (i) oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and its internal control over financial reporting and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal control over financial reporting of certain third-party service providers; (ii) oversee the quality and integrity of the Funds’ financial statements and the independent audits thereof; (iii) oversee, or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of, the Trust’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits; (iv) approve prior to appointment the engagement of the Trust’s independent auditors and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors; and (v) act as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board. The Board has adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Trust’s Audit Committee.
Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee has been established to: (i) assist the Board of Trustees in matters involving mutual fund governance and industry practices; (ii) select and nominate candidates for appointment or election to serve as Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust or its Advisor or distributor (as defined by the 1940 Act); and (iii) advise the Board of Trustees on ways to improve its effectiveness. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Nominating Committee. As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Trust at its mailing address stated in the Fund’s Prospectus and should be directed to the attention of the IndexIQ Active ETF Trust Nominating Committee.
Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee shall oversee the implementation of the Trust’s Valuation Procedures. The Valuation Committee shall make fair value determinations on behalf of the Board as specified in the Valuation Procedures. The Valuation Committee has appointed the Advisor Fair Valuation Committee to deal
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in the first instance with questions that arise or cannot be resolved under the Valuation Procedures. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Trust’s Valuation Committee.
Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of their ability to review and understand information about the Trust and the Fund provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the Fund, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.
The Trust has concluded that Ms. Aggarwal should serve as trustee of the Trust and as an audit committee financial expert because of the experience she has gained as a professor of finance, deputy dean at Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business and Director of the Georgetown Center for Financial Markets and Policy, her service as trustee for another mutual fund family, the experience she has gained serving as trustee of the Fund since 2008 and her general expertise with respect to financial matters and accounting principles.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Pignataro should serve as trustee of the Trust and as an audit committee financial expert because of the experience he has gained as a businessman and, in particular, his prior service in the financial services industry as a Director of Credit Suisse Asset Management and Chief Financial Officer of the Credit Suisse Fund.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Schaeffer should serve as trustee of the Trust because of his experience in the financial services industry, including his experience as a director of and service provider to investment companies.
The Trust has concluded that Mr. Lehneis should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as President of the MainStay Funds, Chief Operating Officer of New York Life Investment Management LLC, and President of IndexIQ Advisors, his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as Chairman of the Board of New York Life Investment Management LLC since 2017.
Trustees’ Ownership of Shares
Listed below for each Trustee is a dollar range of securities beneficially owned by the Trustees together with the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in all registered investment companies overseen by each Trustee that are in the same family of investment companies as the Trust, as of December 31, 2020. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commended operations.
| Name of Trustee | Dollar
Range of Equity Securities in the Funds | Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies(1) | ||
| Reena Aggarwal | None | None | ||
| Michael A. Pignataro | None | None | ||
| Paul D. Schaeffer | None | $50,001-$100,000 | ||
| Kirk C. Lehneis(2) | None | None | ||
| (1) | The fund complex includes all operational open-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by the Advisor. As of the date of this SAI, the fund complex consists of the Trust’s funds and the funds of IndexIQ ETF Trust. |
| (2) | Mr. Lehneis is an “interested person” of the Trust (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) because of his affiliations with the Advisor. |
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Board Compensation
Each Independent Trustee receives from the Fund Complex, either directly or indirectly, an annual retainer of $52,000. In addition, as the Chair of the Board, Ms. Aggarwal receives an annual stipend of $35,000; as Audit Committee chair, Mr. Pignataro receives an annual stipend of $10,000; and as Valuation Committee chair, Mr. Schaeffer receives an annual stipend of $10,000. In addition, the Independent Trustees are reimbursed for all reasonable travel expenses relating to their attendance at the Board Meetings. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each Trustee for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021:
| Name and Position | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part of Trust Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total
Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex Paid to Trustees(1) | |||||
| Reena Aggarwal, Trustee | N/A | N/A | $ | 84,500 | ||||
| Michael A. Pignataro, Trustee | N/A | N/A | $ | 59,500 | ||||
| Paul D. Schaeffer, Trustee | N/A | N/A | $ | 59,500 | ||||
| Kirk C. Lehneis, Trustee, President and Principal Executive Officer(2) | None | None | None | |||||
| (1) | The fund complex includes all operational open-end funds (including all of their portfolios) advised by the Advisor. As of the date of this SAI, the fund complex consists of the Trust’s funds and the funds of IndexIQ ETF Trust. |
| (2) | Mr. Lehneis is an “interested person” of the Trust (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) because of his affiliations with the Advisor. |
Code of Ethics
The Trust, its Advisor, Subadvisor and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
The Board believes that the voting of proxies on securities held by the Fund is an important element of the overall investment process. As such, the Board has delegated responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by each series of the Trust to the Advisor. Where the Fund has retained the services of a Subadvisor to provide day-to-day portfolio management for the Fund, the Advisor may delegate proxy voting authority to the Subadvisor, provided that, as specified in the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, the Subadvisor has demonstrated that its proxy voting policies and procedures are consistent with the Advisor’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures or are otherwise implements in the best interests of the Advisor’s clients and appear to comply with governing regulations. The Fund may revoke all or part of this delegation (to the Advisor and/or Subadvisor as applicable) at any time by a vote of the Board. The Advisor has delegated proxy-voting authority to the Fund’s Subadvisor. A summary of the Subadvisor’s proxy voting policies and procedures is included in Appendix A to this Statement of Additional Information. The Board will periodically review each series’ proxy voting record.
The Trust is required to disclose annually the Fund’s complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX covering the period July 1 through June 30 and file it with the SEC no later than August 31 of each year. The Fund’s Form N-PX will be available at no charge upon request by calling 1-888-474-7725. It will also be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund had not yet commenced operations and information is not presented for the Fund.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
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The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Management.”
Investment Advisor
IndexIQ Advisors LLC, the Advisor, serves as investment advisor to the Fund and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Trust, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Advisor (the “Advisory Agreement”). Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor, subject to the supervision of the Board provides an investment program for the Fund and is responsible for the retention of subadvisors to manage the investment of the Fund’s assets in conformity with the stated investment policies of the Fund if the Advisor does not provide these services directly. The Advisor is responsible for the supervision of the Subadvisor and its management of the investment portfolio of the Fund. The Advisor also arranges for the provision of distribution, subadvisory, transfer agency, custody, administration and all other services necessary for the Fund to operate.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect with respect to the Fund from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
In addition to providing advisory services, under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor also: (i) supervises all non-advisory operations of the Fund; (ii) provides personnel to perform such executive, administrative and clerical services as are reasonably necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund; (iii) arranges for (a) the preparation of all required tax returns, (b) the preparation and submission of reports to existing shareholders, (c) the periodic updating of prospectuses and statements of additional information and (d) the preparation of reports to be filed with the SEC and other regulatory authorities; (iv) maintains the records of the Fund; and (v) provides office space and all necessary office equipment and services.
Section 15(a) of the 1940 Act requires that all contracts pursuant to which persons serve as investment advisors to investment companies be approved by shareholders. As interpreted, this requirement also applies to the appointment of subadvisors to the Fund. The Advisor and the Fund have obtained an exemptive order (the “Order”) from the SEC permitting the Advisor, on behalf of the Fund and subject to the approval of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, to hire or terminate unaffiliated subadvisors and to modify any existing or future subadvisory agreement with unaffiliated subadvisors without shareholder approval. This authority is subject to certain conditions. The Fund will notify shareholders and provide them with certain information required by the Order within 90 days of hiring a new subadvisor. The Fund’s sole shareholder has approved the use of the Order.
The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement is also terminable with respect to the Fund at any time without penalty by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice to the Advisor or by the Advisor on 60 days’ written notice to the Trust.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive a fee, payable monthly, at the annual rate for the Fund based on a percentage of its average daily net assets, as follows:
| Fund Name | Management Fee | |||
| IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF | 0.45 | % | ||
Expense Limitation Agreement
The Advisor has entered into an Expense Limitation Agreement with the Fund under which it has agreed, until August 31, 2022, to waive or reduce its fees and to assume other expenses of the Fund in an amount that limits “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses” (exclusive of interest, taxes, brokerage fees and commissions, dividends
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paid on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses, and extraordinary expenses, if any, and payments, if any, under the Rule 12b-1 Plan) to an amount not more than a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Fund, as follows:
| Fund Name | Total Annual Fund Operating Expense Fund Expenses After Waiver/Reimbursement | |||
| IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF | 0.35 | % | ||
The Advisor is permitted to recoup from the Fund previously waived fees or reimbursed expenses for those years from date of such fee waiver or expense reimbursement, as long as such recoupment does not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the expense cap set forth in the Expense Limitation Agreement or any then applicable expense limit.
The Advisor currently expects that the contractual agreement will continue from fiscal year-to-fiscal year, provided such continuance is approved by the Board of Trustees on behalf of the Fund. The terms of the Expense Limitation Agreement may be revised upon renewal. The Board of Trustees may terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement at any time. The Advisor may also terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement at the end of the then-current term upon not less than 90 days’ notice to the Trust.
Subadvisor
MacKay Shields LLC, serves as investment subadvisor to the Fund pursuant to the Investment Subadvisory Agreement between the Advisor and the Subadvisor (the “Subadvisory Agreement”). The Subadvisor is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and shall make investment decisions for the Fund, subject to the supervision by the Advisor and the Board. For its services, the Subadvisor is compensated by the Advisor. As of October 31, 2021, the Subadvisor managed approximately $164.4 billion in assets.
The Subadvisory Agreement will continue in effect with respect to the Fund from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. To the extent that the Advisor has agreed to waive its Advisory Fee or reimburse expenses, the Subadvisor has voluntarily agreed to waive or reimburse its fee proportionately.
The Subadvisory Agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Subadvisory Agreement is also terminable with respect to the Fund at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice to the Subadvisor or by the Subadvisor on 60 days’ written notice to the Advisor.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations.
Portfolio Managers
The Subadvisor acts as portfolio manager for the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Advisor and the Board, the Subadvisor will supervise and manage the investment portfolios of the Fund and will direct the purchase and sale of its investment securities. The Subadvisor utilizes a team of investment professionals acting together to manage the assets of the Fund. The team meets regularly to review portfolio holdings and to discuss purchase and sale activity. The team adjusts holdings in the portfolio as they deem appropriate in the pursuit of the Fund’s investment objective.
The following portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund: Michael Denlinger, John Lawlor, Michael Petty and Scott Sprauer.
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Other Accounts Managed
The following table provides additional information about other portfolios or accounts managed by the Fund’s portfolio managers as of October 31, 2021.
Total number of other accounts managed by the portfolio managers within each category below and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category below.
| NUMBER OF OTHER ACCOUNTS MANAGED AND ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE | NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS AND ASSETS FOR WHICH THE ADVISORY FEE IS BASED ON PERFORMANCE | |||||
| Portfolio Manager | Registered
Investment Company ($mm) |
Other Pooled ($mm) |
Other Accounts ($mm) |
Registered
Investment Company ($mm) |
Other Pooled ($mm) |
Other Accounts ($mm) |
| Michael Denlinger | 10 / $18,963 | 9 / $11,807 | 76 / $28,963 | 0 / $0 | 2 / $778 | 2 / $582 |
| John Lawlor | 12 / $8,923 | 9 / $11,807 | 76 / $28,963 | 0 / $0 | 2 / $778 | 2 / $582 |
| Michael Petty | 16 / $33,067 | 9 / $11,807 | 76 / $28,963 | 0 / $0 | 2 / $778 | 2 / $582 |
| Scott Sprauer | 16 / $33,067 | 9 / $11,807 | 76 / $28,963 | 0 / $0 | 2 / $778 | 2 / $582 |
Material Conflicts Of Interest
The Subadvisor’s investment teams may compete with each other for the same investment opportunities and/or take positions that are counter to one another. As such, the Subadvisor may engage in transactions and investment strategies for certain clients that differ from the transactions and strategies executed on behalf of other clients. The Subadvisor’s clients have held, and it is expected that in the future they will at times hold, different segments of the capital structure of the same issuer that have different priorities. These investments create conflicts of interest, particularly because the Subadvisor can take certain actions for clients that can have an adverse effect on other clients. For example, certain of the Subadvisor’s clients may hold instruments that are senior or subordinated rights relative to instruments of the same issuer held by other clients, and any action that the portfolio managers were to take on behalf of the issuer’s senior instrument, for instance, could have an adverse effect on the issuer’s junior instrument held by other clients, and vice versa, particularly in distressed or default situations. To the extent the Subadvisor or any of its employees were to serve on a formal or informal creditor or similar committee on behalf of a client, such conflicts of interest may be exacerbated. Additionally, the Subadvisor may make investments for certain clients that they conclude are inappropriate for other clients. For instance, clients within one investment strategy may take short positions in the debt or equity instruments of certain issuers, while at the same time those instruments or other instruments of that issuer are acquired or held long by clients in another investment strategy, or within the same strategy, and vice versa.
The Subadvisor offers many of its investment strategies through a variety of investment products, including, without limitation, separately managed accounts, private funds, CLOs, mutual funds, and ETFs. Given the different structures of these products, certain clients are subject to terms and conditions that are materially different or more advantageous than available under different products. For example, mutual funds offer investors the ability to redeem from the fund daily, while private funds offer less frequent liquidity. As a result of these differing liquidity and other terms, the Subadvisor may acquire and/or dispose of investments for a client either prior to or subsequent to the acquisition and/or disposition of the same or similar securities held by another client. In certain circumstances, purchases or sales of securities by one client could adversely affect the value of the same securities held in another client’s portfolio. In addition, the Subadvisor has caused, and expects in the future to cause, certain clients to invest in opportunities with different levels of concentration or on different terms than that to which other clients invest in the same securities. These differences in terms and concentration could lead to different investment outcomes among clients investing in the same securities. The Subadvisor seeks to tailor its investment advisory services to meet each client’s investment objective, constraints and investment guidelines, and the Subadvisor’s judgments
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with respect to a particular client will at times differ from its judgments for other clients, even when such clients pursue similar investment strategies.
The Subadvisor permits its personnel, including portfolio managers and other investment personnel, to engage in personal securities transactions, including buying or selling securities that it has recommended to, or purchased or sold on behalf of, clients. These transactions raise potential conflicts of interests, including when they involve securities owned or considered for purchase or sale by or on behalf of a client account. The Subadvisor has adopted NYLIM’s Code of Ethics to assist and guide the portfolio managers and other investment personnel when faced with a conflict.
The Subadvisor’s services to each client are not exclusive. The nature of managing accounts for multiple clients creates a conflict of interest with regard to time available to serve clients. The Subadvisor and its portfolio managers will devote as much of their time to the activities of each client as they deem necessary and appropriate. Although the Subadvisor strives to identify and mitigate all conflicts of interest, and seeks to treat its clients in a fair and reasonable manner consistent with its fiduciary duties, there may be times when conflicts of interest are not resolved in a manner favorable to a specific client.
Additional material conflicts of interests are presented within Part 2A of the Subadvisor’s Form ADV.
Compensation for the Portfolio Managers
The Subadvisor primarily pays fixed compensation through a portfolio manager’s annual salary, which is paid in monthly installments in arrears. Salaries are set by reference to a range of factors, taking account of seniority and responsibilities and the market rate of pay for the relevant position. Annual salaries are set at competitive levels to attract and maintain the best professional talent. Variable or incentive compensation, both cash bonus and deferred awards, are a significant component of total compensation for portfolio managers at the Subadvisor. Incentive compensation received by portfolio managers is generally based on both quantitative and qualitative factors. This approach instills a strong sense of commitment towards the overall success of the firm. Deferred awards are provided to attract, retain, motivate and reward key personnel. As such, the Subadvisor maintains a phantom equity plan and awards vest and pay out after several years. Thus, portfolio managers share in the results and success of the firm with the receipt of an award from the phantom equity plan.
The Subadvisor does not align the portfolio managers’ compensation to the investment performance of specific funds or of other accounts they manage. The compensation received by portfolio managers is generally based on both quantitative and qualitative factors. The quantitative factors may include: (i) investment performance; (ii) assets under management; (iii) revenues and profitability; and (iv) industry benchmarks. The qualitative factors may include, among others, leadership, adherence to the firm’s policies and procedures, ESG contributions, and contribution to the firm’s goals and objectives. To the extent that an increase in the size of the Fund or another account managed by a portfolio manager has a positive impact on revenues/profitability, a portfolio manager’s compensation may also increase. There is no difference between the method used in determining portfolio managers’ compensation with respect to the Fund and other accounts they manage. The Subadvisor does not believe the compensation structure provides an incentive for an employee who provides services to the Fund to take undue risks in managing the assets of the Fund. The Subadvisor maintains an employee benefit program, including health and non-health insurance, and a 401(k) defined contribution plan for all of its employees regardless of their job title, responsibilities or seniority.
Ownership of Securities
As of the date of this SAI, the portfolio managers did not own Shares of the Fund.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
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Fund Administrator, Custodian, Transfer Agent and Securities Lending Agent
The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”) serves as the Fund’s administrator, custodian, transfer agent and securities lending agent. BNY Mellon’s principal address is 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286. Under the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement, BNY Mellon provides necessary administrative, legal, tax, accounting services, and financial reporting for the maintenance and operations of the Trust and the Fund. In addition, BNY Mellon makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services.
BNY Mellon supervises the overall administration of the Trust and the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, assisting in the preparation and filing of documents required for compliance by the Fund with applicable laws and regulations and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund. BNY Mellon provides persons satisfactory to the Board to serve as officers of the Trust.
BNY Mellon is the principal operating subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.
BNY Mellon serves as custodian of Fund’s assets (the “Custodian”). Under the Custody Agreement with the Trust, BNY Mellon maintains in separate accounts cash, securities and other assets of the Trust and the Fund, keeps all necessary accounts and records, and provides other services. BNY Mellon is required, upon order of the Trust, to deliver securities held by BNY Mellon and to make payments for securities purchased by the Trust for the Fund. Under the Custody Agreement, BNY Mellon is also authorized to appoint certain foreign custodians or foreign custody managers for Fund investments outside the U.S.
The Custodian has agreed to (1) make receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of the Fund; (2) collect and receive all income and other payments and distributions on account of the Fund’s portfolio investments; (3) respond to correspondence from Fund shareholders and others relating to its duties; and (4) make periodic reports to the Fund concerning the Fund’s operations. The Custodian does not exercise any supervisory function over the purchase and sale of securities.
BNY Mellon serves as transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Fund (the “Transfer Agent”). The Transfer Agent has agreed to (1) issue and redeem Shares of the Fund; (2) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Fund’s; (3) respond to correspondence by Fund shareholders and others relating to its duties; (4) maintain shareholder accounts; and (5) make periodic reports to the Fund. The Advisor pays the Transfer Agent out of the Advisor’s unified management fee.
As compensation for the foregoing services, BNY Mellon receives certain out of pocket costs, transaction fees and asset based fees, which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Trust.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations.
BNY Mellon also serves as the Trust’s securities lending agent pursuant to a Securities Lending Authorization Agreement. As compensation for providing securities lending services, BNY Mellon receives a portion of the income earned by the Fund on collateral investments in connection with the lending program. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, the Fund did not participate in the securities lending program.
Distributor
ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Distributor, is located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). NYLIFE Distributors LLC has entered into a Services Agreement with ALPS to market the Fund.
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Shares will be continuously offered for sale by the Trust through the Distributor only in whole Creation Units, as described in the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units.” The Distributor also acts as an agent for the Trust. The Distributor will deliver a prospectus to authorized participants purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it. The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of the Fund or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Advisor.
As compensation for the foregoing services, the Distributor receives certain out of pocket costs and per Fund flat fees, which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Advisor.
The Board of Trustees has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with its Distribution and Service Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to finance activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or the provision of investor services. No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, they will be paid out of the respective Fund’s assets, and over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and they may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
Under the Service and Distribution Plan, and as required by Rule 12b-1, the Trustees will receive and review after the end of each calendar quarter a written report provided by the Distributor of the amounts expended under the Plan, if any, and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.
The Advisor and its affiliates may, out of their own resources, pay amounts to third parties for distribution or marketing services on behalf of the Fund. The making of these payments could create a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, located at 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm to the Trust. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP will perform the annual audit of the Fund’s financial statements.
Ernst & Young LLP, located at 5 Times Square, New York, New York 10036, serves as tax advisor to the Trust and will prepare the Fund’s federal, state and excise tax returns, and advise the Trust on matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation.
Legal Counsel
Chapman and Cutler LLP, located at 1717 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the general supervision by the Board and the Advisor, the Subadvisor is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions, which may be affiliates of the Advisor or the Subadvisor, and the negotiation of brokerage commissions. The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealers who receive compensation for their services in conformity with the 1940 Act, the Exchange Act of 1934, and the rules and regulations thereunder. Compensation may also be paid in connection with riskless principal transactions (in Nasdaq or over-the-counter securities and securities listed on an exchange) and agency Nasdaq or over-the-counter transactions executed with an electronic communications network or an alternative trading system.
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The Fund will give primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions in implementing trading policy. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are traded on an exchange, the Fund’s policy will be to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Advisor believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund from obtaining a high quality of brokerage services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Advisor will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations will be necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable.
The Advisor and Subadvisor do not consider sales of Shares by broker-dealers as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as its other customers (including any other fund or other investment company or advisory account for which the Advisor acts as investment advisor or investment subadvisor), the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other customers in order to obtain the best net price and most favorable execution under the circumstances. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner it considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and such other customers. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the price and size of the position obtainable for the Fund.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations and therefore, has not entered into securities transactions.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Portfolio Disclosure Policy
The Trust has adopted a Portfolio Holdings Policy (the “Policy”) designed to govern the disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings and the use of material non-public information about Fund holdings. The Policy applies to all officers, employees and agents of the Fund, including the Advisor and Subadvisor. The Policy is designed to ensure that the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings is consistent with applicable legal requirements and otherwise in the best interest of the Fund.
As an ETF, information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings is made available on a daily basis in accordance with the provisions of any Order of the SEC applicable to the Exchange and other applicable SEC regulations, orders and no-action relief. Such information typically reflects all or a portion of the Fund’s anticipated portfolio holdings as of the next Business Day (as defined in the section entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units”). This information is used in connection with the Creation and Redemption process and is disseminated on a daily basis through the facilities of the Listing Exchange, the National Securities Clearing Corporation (the “NSCC”) and/or third party service providers.
The Fund will disclose on the Fund’s website (newyorklifeinvestments.com) at the start of each Business Day the identities and quantities of the securities and other assets held by the Fund that will form the basis of the Fund’s calculation of its net asset value (“NAV”) on that Business Day. The portfolio holdings so disclosed will be based on information as of the close of business on the prior Business Day and/or trades that have been completed prior to the opening of business on that Business Day and that are expected to settle on the Business Day. Online disclosure of such holdings is publicly available at no charge.
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Daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings is permitted to personnel of the Advisor, Subadvisor and Distributor and the Fund’s administrator, custodian and accountant and other agents or service providers of the Trust who have need of such information in connection with the ordinary course of their respective duties to the Fund. The Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings.
The Fund will disclose its complete portfolio holdings schedule in public filings with the SEC on a quarterly basis, based on the Fund’s fiscal year, within sixty (60) days of the end of the quarter, and will provide that information to shareholders, as required by federal securities laws and regulations thereunder.
No person is authorized to disclose the Fund’s portfolio holdings or other investment positions except in accordance with the Policy. The Trust’s Board reviews the implementation of the Policy on a periodic basis.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES
Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest
The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and registered investment company. The Trust was organized on January 30, 2008, and has authorized capital of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest of no par value which may be issued in more than one class or series.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual shareholders meeting if the 1940 Act does not require such a meeting. Generally, there will not be annual meetings of Trust shareholders. If requested by shareholders of at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, the Trust will call a meeting of the Trust’s shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of a Trustee and will assist in communications with other Trust shareholders. Shareholders holding two-thirds of Shares outstanding may remove Trustees from office by votes cast at a meeting of Trust shareholders or by written consent.
When issued, Shares are fully paid, non-assessable, redeemable and are freely transferable; provided, however, that Shares may not be redeemed individually, but only in Creation Units. The Shares do not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights, and none of the Shares have any preference to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirements, liquidation, redemption or any other feature. Shares have equal voting rights, except that, if the Trust creates additional funds, only Shares of that fund may be entitled to vote on a matter affecting that particular fund. Trust shareholders are entitled to require the Trust to redeem Creation Units if such shareholders are Authorized Participants. The Declaration of Trust confers upon the Board the power, by resolution, to alter the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit or to specify that Shares of the Trust may be individually redeemable. The Trust reserves the right to adjust the stock prices of Shares to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any such adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders or the officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust which are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification by the Trust for all loss and expense of the Fund’s shareholders held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The risk of a Trust’s shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund itself would not be able to meet the Trust’s obligations and this risk should be considered remote. If the Fund does not grow to a size to permit it to be economically viable, the Fund may cease operations. In such an event, shareholders may be required to liquidate or transfer their Shares at an inopportune time and shareholders may lose money on their investment.
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Book Entry Only System
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) will act as securities depository for the Shares. The Shares of the Fund is represented by global securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except as provided below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.
DTC has advised the Trust as follows, DTC, the world's largest securities depository, is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds and provides asset servicing for over 3.5 million issues of U.S. and non-U.S. equity issues, corporate and municipal debt and money market instruments (from over 100 countries). DTC was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic computerized book-entry transfers and pledges in accounts of DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organization. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). DTCC is a holding company for DTC, the NSCC and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. More specifically, DTCC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the NYSE Alternext U.S. (formerly known as the American Stock Exchange LLC) and FINRA.
Access to DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”). DTC agrees with and represents to DTC Participants that it will administer its book-entry system in accordance with its rules and bylaws and requirements of law. Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such laws may impair the ability of certain investors to acquire benefits interests in Shares.
Beneficial Owners of Shares will not be entitled to have Shares registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of certificates in definitive form and are not considered the registered holders of the Shares. Accordingly, each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC, DTC Participants and any Indirect Participants through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interest in order to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares. The Trust understands that under existing industry practice, in the event the Trust requests any action of holders of Shares, or a Beneficial Owner desires to take any action that DTC, as the record owner of all outstanding Shares, is entitled to take, DTC would authorize the DTC Participants to take such action and that the DTC Participants would authorized the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners acting through such DTC Participants to take such action and would otherwise act upon the instructions of Beneficial Owners owning through them. DTC, through its nominee Cede & Co., is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners will be effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the Shares holdings of each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust will provide each
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such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participants a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Beneficial Owners may wish to take certain steps to augment the transmission to them of notices of significant events with respect to Shares by providing their names and addresses to the DTC registrar and request that copies of notices by provided directly to them.
Distributions of Shares shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants. The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost, or if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
DTC rules applicable to DTC Participants are on file with the SEC. More information about DTC can be found at www.dtcc.com and www.dtc.org.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS
Creation
The Trust issues and sells Shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis on any Business Day (as defined below) through the Distributor at the Shares’ NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. The Distributor processes purchase orders only on a day that the Exchange is open for trading (a “Business Day”). The Exchange is open for trading Monday through Friday except for the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
Deposit of Securities and Deposit or Delivery of Cash
The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of shares of the Fund generally consists of cash only (including the appropriate Transaction Fee). However, the Fund also reserves the right to permit or require the in-kind deposit of Deposit Securities constituting a representation of the Underlying Index, along with the Cash Component, computed as described below, and the appropriate Transaction Fee (collectively, the “Fund Deposit”) as consideration for the purchase of a Creation Unit.
The Cash Component of the Fund Deposit serves to compensate the Trust or the Authorized Participant, as applicable, for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount (as defined below).
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The Cash Component of the Fund Deposit serves to compensate the Trust or the Authorized Participant, as applicable, for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount (as defined below). The Cash Component of the Fund Deposit is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Shares (per Creation Unit) and the “Deposit Amount,” an amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities. If the Cash Component of the Fund Deposit is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will deliver the Cash Component. If the Cash Component of the Fund Deposit is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will receive the Cash Component.
The Custodian through the NSCC (see the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Creation—Procedures for Creation of Creation Units”), makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. Eastern time), the list of the name and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. This Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, to orders to effect creations of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities is made available.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for the Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected within the Fund from time to time by the Advisor, with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the securities constituting the relevant securities index. In addition, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (that is a “cash in lieu” amount) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process (discussed below) or for other similar reasons. The Trust also reserves the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount where the delivery of Deposit Securities by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under the securities laws or where delivery of Deposit Securities to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of Deposit Securities by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws, and in certain other situations.
In addition to the list of names and number of securities constituting the current Deposit Securities of the Fund Deposit, the Custodian, through the NSCC, also makes available on each Business Day the estimated Cash Component, effective through and including the previous Business Day, per outstanding Creation Unit of the Fund.
Procedures for Creation of Creation Units
All orders to create Creation Units must be placed with the Distributor either (1) through Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, by a “Participating Party,” i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the Clearing Process; or (2) outside the Clearing Process by a DTC Participant (see the section of this SAI entitled “Additional Information Concerning Shares — Book Entry Only System”). In each case, the Participating Party or the DTC Participant must have executed an agreement with the Distributor with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (a “Participant Agreement”); and accepted by the Transfer Agent; such parties are collectively referred to as “APs” or “Authorized Participants.” Investors should contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants. All Shares, whether created through or outside the Clearing Process, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.
Except as described below, and in all cases subject to the terms of the applicable Participant Agreement, all orders to create Creation Units of a Fund generally must be received by the Distributor by the time specified in the Participant Agreement and the applicable order form (“Order Time”) in each case on the date such order is placed for creation of Creation Units to be effected based on the NAV of Shares of such Fund as next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. Orders consisting of cash only or requesting substitution of a “cash-in-lieu”
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amount (collectively, “Custom Orders”), must be received by the Transfer Agent no later than the time specified in the Participant Agreement and the applicable order form. On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal (such as the day before a holiday), a Fund may require orders to create Creation Units, including Custom Orders, to be placed earlier in the day. The date on which an order to create Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as discussed below) is placed is referred to as the “Transmittal Date.” Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone, electronic order entry system or other transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone, electronic or communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.
All orders to create Creation Units from investors who are not Authorized Participants shall be placed with an Authorized Participant in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, the Authorized Participant may request the investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and, therefore, orders to create Creation Units of the Fund have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement.
Those placing orders for Creation Units through the Clearing Process should afford sufficient time to permit proper submission of the order to the Distributor prior to the Order Time on the Transmittal Date. Orders for Creation Units that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of the Fund Deposit. For more information about Clearing Process and DTC, see the sections of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Creation—Placement of Creation Orders Using the Clearing Process” and “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Creation—Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process.”
Placement of Creation Orders Using the Clearing Process
The Clearing Process is the process of creating or redeeming Creation Units through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC. Fund Deposits made through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed a Participant Agreement. The Participant Agreement authorizes the Distributor to transmit through the Custodian to NSCC, on behalf of the Participating Party, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Participating Party’s creation order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to NSCC, the Participating Party agrees to deliver the Fund Deposit to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. An order to create Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (1) such order is received by the Distributor not later than the Order Time on such Transmittal Date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.
Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process
Fund Deposits made outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order creating Creation Units to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that the creation of Creation Units will instead be effected through a transfer of securities and cash directly through DTC. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant on the Transmittal Date in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit
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Securities through DTC to the account of the Fund by no later than 11:00 a.m. Eastern time on the next Business Day following the Transmittal Date (the “DTC Cut-Off-Time”).
All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than 2:00 p.m. Eastern time on the next Business Day following the Transmittal Date. An order to create Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (1) such order is received by the Distributor not later than the Order Time on such Transmittal Date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. However, if the Custodian does not receive both the required Deposit Securities and the Cash Component by 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Eastern time respectively, on the next Business Day following the Transmittal Date, such order will be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then-current Deposit Securities and Cash Component. The delivery of Creation Units so created will occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.
Additional transaction fees may be imposed with respect to transactions effected through a DTC participant outside the Clearing Process and in the limited circumstances in which any cash can be used in lieu of Deposit Securities to create Creation Units. See the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Sale of Creation Units—Creation—Creation Transaction Fee.”
Creation Units may be created in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (1) the Cash Component plus (2) up to 115% of the then-current market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”). The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to Order Time and funds in the appropriate amount are deposited with the Custodian by 11:00 a.m. Eastern time the following Business Day. If the order is not placed in proper form by Order Time or funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 11:00 a.m. Eastern time on the next Business Day, then the order may be deemed to be canceled and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending receipt of the undelivered Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal up to 115% of the daily marked-to-market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities. To the extent that undelivered Deposit Securities are not received by 1:00 p.m. Eastern time on the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor, or in the event a marked-to-market payment is not made within one Business Day following notification by the Distributor that such a payment is required, the Trust may use the cash on deposit to purchase the undelivered Deposit Securities. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust and the Fund for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the undelivered Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee will be charged in all cases. See the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Creation—Creation Transaction Fee.” The delivery of Creation Units so created will occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units
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The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor if: (1) the order is not in proper form; (2) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares of any Fund; (3) the Deposit Securities delivered are not as disseminated for that date by the Custodian, as described above; (4) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (5) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (6) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust, the Advisor, or the Subadvisor, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; or (7) there exist circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Distributor and the Advisor that make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Advisor, the Subadvisor, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC, the Custodian or sub-custodian or any other participant in the creation process and similar extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant of its rejection of the order. The Trust, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Units typically are issued on a “T+2 basis” (that is two Business Days after trade date). However, the Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+2 in order to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (that is the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances.
To the extent contemplated by a Participant Agreement with the Distributor, the Trust will issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Portfolio Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value equal to 115%, which the Advisor may change from time to time, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities in accordance with the Trust’s then-effective procedures. Such collateral must be delivered no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the contractual settlement date. The only collateral that is acceptable to the Trust is cash in U.S. Dollars or an irrevocable letter of credit in form, and drawn on a bank, that is satisfactory to the Trust. The cash collateral posted by the Authorized Participant may be invested at the risk of the Authorized Participant, and income, if any, on invested cash collateral will be paid to that Authorized Participant. Information concerning the Trust’s current procedures for collateralization of missing Deposit Securities is available from the Transfer Agent. The Authorized Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Trust of purchasing such securities and the cash collateral or the amount that may be drawn under any letter of credit.
In certain cases, Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Transaction Fee
Authorized Participants placing a creation order will be required to pay to the Custodian a fixed transaction fee (the “Creation Transaction Fee”) to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation
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Units. The standard creation transaction fee will be the same regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by an investor on the applicable Business Day. The Creation Transaction Fee for each creation order is $250. The Creation Transaction Fee may be waived for the Fund when the Advisor believes that waiver of the Creation Transaction Fee is in the best interest of the Fund. When determining whether to waive the Creation Transaction Fee, the Advisor considers a number of factors including, but not limited to, whether waiving the Creation Transaction Fee will: facilitate the initial launch of the Fund; reduce the cost of portfolio rebalancings; improve the quality of the secondary trading market for the Fund's shares and not result in the Fund’s bearing additional costs or expenses as a result of the waiver.
An additional variable fee of up to 3.00% of the NAV per Creation Unit may be imposed for (1) creations effected outside the Clearing Process and (2) cash creations (to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with using cash to purchase the requisite Deposit Securities). Actual transaction costs may vary depending on the time of day a purchase order is received or the nature of the securities to be purchased. The Advisor or Subadvisor may adjust the variable fee to ensure that the Fund collects the extra expenses associated with brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred by the Fund to acquire a Deposit Security not part of the Fund Deposit from the Authorized Participant. Authorized Participants placing a creation order are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust.
Redemption
To redeem Shares directly from the Fund, an investor must be an Authorized Participant or must redeem through an Authorized Participant. The Trust redeems Creation Units on a continuous basis on any Business Day through the Distributor at the Shares’ NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. The Fund will not redeem Shares in amounts less than Creation Units. Authorized Participants must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit.
With respect to the Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m. Eastern time) on each Business Day, the identity of the Fund Securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as described below) on that day. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units. Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for the Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of Fund Securities — as announced on the Business Day the request for redemption is received in proper form — plus or minus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a redemption request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a redemption transaction fee (see the section of this SAI entitled “Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units—Redemption—Redemption Transaction Fee”).
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares of the Fund or determination of the Fund’s NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstances as is permitted by the SEC.
Deliveries of redemption proceeds by the Fund generally will be made within two Business Days (that is “T+2”). However, the Fund reserves the right to settle redemption transactions and deliver redemption proceeds on a basis other than T+2 to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (that is the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold), and in certain other circumstances.
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In the event that cash redemptions are permitted or required by the Trust, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares on behalf of the redeeming investor as soon as practicable after the date of redemption.
Placement of Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process
Orders to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process must be delivered through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. Investors other than Authorized Participants are responsible for making arrangements with an Authorized Participant for an order to redeem. An order to redeem Creation Units is deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if: (1) such order is received by the Distributor not later than Order Time on such Transmittal Date; and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Such order will be effected based on the NAV of the relevant Fund as next determined. An order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Distributor after the Order Time will be deemed received on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and will be effected at the NAV determined on such next Business Day. The requisite Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount will be transferred by the second NSCC business day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.
Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process
Orders to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed the Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order for redemption of Creation Units to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Units will instead be effected through transfer of Shares directly through DTC. An order to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Transfer Agent on the Transmittal Date if (1) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than Order Time on such Transmittal Date; (2) such order is accompanied or followed by the requisite number of Shares, which delivery must be made through DTC to the Custodian no later than the DTC Cut-Off-Time, and the Cash Redemption Amount, if owed to the Fund, which delivery must be made by 2:00 p.m. Eastern time; and (3) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. After the Transfer Agent receives an order for redemption outside the Clearing Process, the Transfer Agent will initiate procedures to transfer the requisite Fund Securities which are expected to be delivered and the Cash Redemption Amount, if any, by the second Business Day following the Transmittal Date.
The calculation of the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered or received upon redemption (by the Authorized Participant or the Trust, as applicable) will be made by the Custodian according to the procedures set forth the section of this SAI entitled “Determination of Net Asset Value” computed on the Business Day on which a redemption order is deemed received by the Transfer Agent. Therefore, if a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the Distributor by a DTC Participant not later than Order Time on the Transmittal Date, and the requisite number of Shares of the Fund are delivered to the Custodian prior to the DTC Cut-Off-Time, then the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered or received (by the Authorized Participant or the Trust, as applicable) will be determined by the Custodian on such Transmittal Date. If, however, either (1) the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are not delivered by the DTC Cut-Off-Time, as described above, or (2) the redemption order is not submitted in proper form, then the redemption order will not be deemed received as of the Transmittal Date. In such case, the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered or received will be computed on the Business Day following the Transmittal Date provided that the Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered through DTC to the Custodian by 11:00 a.m. Eastern time the following Business Day pursuant to a properly submitted redemption order.
If it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Fund Securities, the Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem Shares in cash, and the redeeming Authorized Participant will be required to receive its redemption proceeds
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in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Trust may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a transaction fee which will include an additional charge for cash redemptions to offset the Fund’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities, or cash in lieu of some securities added to the Cash Redemption Amount, but in no event will the total value of the securities delivered and the cash transmitted differ from the NAV. Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting that is subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of a Creation Unit may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming Beneficial Owner of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment, beneficial ownership of shares or delivery instructions.
Redemption Transaction Fee
Authorized Participants placing a redemption order will be required to pay to the Custodian a fixed transaction fee (the “Redemption Transaction Fee”) to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units. The standard redemption transaction fee will be the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an investor on the applicable Business Day. The Redemption Transaction Fee for each redemption order is $250. The Redemption Transaction Fee may be waived for the Fund when the Advisor or Subadvisor believes that waiver of the Redemption Transaction Fee is in the best interest of the Fund. When determining whether to waive the Redemption Transaction Fee, the Advisor considers a number of factors including, but not limited to, whether waiving the Redemption Transaction Fee will: reduce the cost of portfolio rebalancings; improve the quality of the secondary trading market for the Fund's shares and not result in the Fund’s bearing additional costs or expenses as a result of the waiver.
An additional variable fee of up to 2.00% of the NAV per Creation Unit may be imposed for (1) redemptions effected outside the Clearing Process and (2) cash redemptions (to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associate with the sale of Fund Securities). Actual transaction costs may vary depending on the time of day a purchase order is received or the nature of the securities to be sold. The Advisor or Subadvisor may adjust the variable fee to ensure that the Fund collects the extra expenses associated with brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred by the Fund to acquire a Deposit Security not part of the Fund Deposit from the Authorized Participant. Authorized Participants placing a redemption order will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
In order to seek to replicate the in-kind redemption order process for creation orders executed in whole or in part with cash, the Trust expects to sell, in the secondary market, the portfolio securities or settle any financial instruments that may not be permitted to be re-registered in the name of the Participating Party as a result of an in-kind redemption order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons (“Market Sales”). In such cases where the Trust makes Market Sales, the Authorized Participant will reimburse the Trust for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments were sold or settled by the Trust and the cash-in-lieu amount, applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes.
CONTINUOUS OFFERING
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Trust on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,”
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as such term is used in the Securities Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares, and sells such Shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus-delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. As a result, broker-dealer firms should note that dealers who are not underwriters but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with the Shares that are part of an over-allotment within the meaning of Section 4(3)(A) of the Securities Act would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares are reminded that, under Rule 153 of the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Determination of Net Asset Value (NAV).”
The NAV per Share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fee, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of the Fund is determined as of the close of the regular trading session on the Exchange (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on each day that the Exchange is open. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.
In computing the Fund’s NAV, the Fund’s portfolio securities are valued based on market quotations. When market quotations are not readily available for a portfolio security the Fund must use such security’s fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with the Fund’s Fair Value Pricing Procedures which are approved by the Board of Trustees.
The Fund typically values fixed-income portfolio securities using last available bid prices or current market quotations provided by dealers or prices (including evaluated prices) supplied by the Fund’s approved independent third-party pricing services. Pricing services may use matrix pricing or valuation models that utilize certain inputs and assumptions to derive values. Pricing services generally value fixed-income securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size, but the Fund may hold or transact in such securities in smaller odd lot sizes. Odd lots often trade at different prices that may be above or below the price at which the pricing service has valued the security. An amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty
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days or less remaining to maturity unless the Advisor determines in good faith that such method does not represent fair value.
The value of the Fund's portfolio securities is based on such securities’ closing price on local markets, when available. If a portfolio security’s market price is not readily available or does not otherwise accurately reflect the fair value of such security, the portfolio security will be valued by another method that the Advisor believes will better reflect fair value in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. The Fund may use fair value pricing in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to, situations when the value of the Fund’s portfolio security has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which such security is principally traded (such as a corporate action or other news that may materially affect the price of such security) or trading in such security has been suspended or halted. Accordingly, the Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that a fair value determination for a portfolio security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of such security.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
General Policies
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.”
Dividends from net investment income are declared and paid at least annually by the Fund. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year. The Trust may make distributions on a more frequent basis for the Fund to comply with the distribution requirements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act. In addition, the Trust may distribute at least annually amounts representing the full dividend yield on the underlying portfolio securities of the Fund, net of expenses of the Fund, as if the Fund owned such underlying portfolio securities for the entire dividend period in which case some portion of each distribution may result in a return of capital for tax purposes for certain shareholders.
Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Trust. The Trust may make additional distributions to the extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Trust, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of the Fund as a “regulated investment company” under the Code or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.
Dividend Reinvestment Service
No reinvestment service is provided by the Trust. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. If this service is used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares of the Fund. Beneficial Owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Brokers may require Beneficial Owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables.
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION
Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares. It is based upon the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
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“Code”), U.S. Treasury Department regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authorities, and administrative rulings and practices, all as in effect as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.”
Except to the extent discussed below, this summary assumes that the Fund’s shareholder holds Shares as capital assets within the meaning of the Code, and does not hold Shares in connection with a trade or business. This summary does not address all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations possibly applicable to an investment in Shares, and does not address the tax consequences to Fund shareholders subject to special tax rules, including, but not limited to, partnerships and the partners therein, those who hold Shares through an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged account, and, except to the extent discussed below, tax-exempt shareholders. This discussion does not discuss any aspect of U.S. state, local, estate, and gift, or non-U.S., tax law. This discussion is not intended or written to be legal or tax advice to any shareholder in the Fund or other person and is not intended or written to be used or relied on, and cannot be used or relied on, by any such person for the purpose of avoiding any U.S. federal tax penalties that may be imposed on such person. Prospective Fund shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, and local, and non-U.S., tax consequences of investing in Shares based on their particular circumstances.
The Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters described below. The IRS could adopt positions contrary to those discussed below and such positions could be sustained. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors with regard to the U.S. federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, non-U.S. country or other taxing jurisdiction.
Tax Treatment of the Fund
In General. The Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a separate regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Code. As a RIC, the Fund generally will not be required to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders.
To qualify and remain eligible for the special tax treatment accorded to RICs, the Fund must meet certain income, asset and distribution requirements, described in more detail below. Specifically, the Fund must (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”) (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive at least 90% of their income from interest, dividends, and other qualifying RIC income described above), and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other RICs, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than five percent of the Fund’s total assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, any two or more issuers of which 20% or more of the voting stock of each such issuer is held by the Fund and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses or in the securities of one or more QPTPs. Furthermore, the Fund must distribute annually at least 90% of the sum of (i) its “investment company taxable income” (which includes dividends, interest and net short-term capital gains) and (ii) its net tax-exempt interest income, if any.
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Failure to Maintain RIC Status. If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any year (subject to certain curative measures allowed by the Code), the Fund will be subject to regular corporate-level U.S. federal income tax in that year on all of its taxable income, regardless of whether the Fund makes any distributions to its shareholders. In addition, in such case, distributions will be taxable to the Fund’s shareholders generally as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, possibly eligible for (i) in the case of an individual Fund shareholder, treatment as a qualified dividend (as discussed below) subject to tax at preferential long-term capital gains rates or (ii) in the case of a corporate Fund shareholder, a dividends-received deduction. The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Fund will qualify for the special tax treatment accorded to RICs.
Excise Tax. The Fund will be subject to a four percent excise tax on certain undistributed income generally if the Fund does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the twelve months ended October 31 of such year, plus 100% of any undistributed amounts from prior years. For these purposes, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to U.S. corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within such calendar year. The Fund intends to make distributions necessary to avoid this four percent excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so.
Exempt-Interest Dividends: The Fund expects that, at the end of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) it will be a “qualified fund of funds” (i.e., a RIC at least 50% of the total assets of which is represented by interests in other RICs) or (ii) 50% or more of its assets, by value, will consist of certain obligations exempt from U.S. federal income tax under Section 103(a) of the Code (relating generally to obligations of a state or local governmental unit) (“Tax-Exempt Obligations”). As a result, each of the Fund expects to qualify to designate a portion of its dividends as “exempt-interest dividends.” “Exempt-interest dividends” generally means dividends designated by the Fund as attributable to its net interest income from Tax-Exempt Obligations. The tax consequences applicable to shareholders with respect to exempt-interest dividends are discussed below (see—Tax Treatment of Fund Shareholders).
Phantom Income. With respect to some or all of its investments, the Fund may be required to recognize taxable income in advance of receiving the related cash payment. For example, under the “wash sale” rules, the Fund may not be able to deduct currently a loss on a disposition of a portfolio security. As a result, the Fund may be required to make an annual income distribution greater than the total cash actually received during the year. Such distribution may be made from the existing cash assets of the Fund or cash generated from selling portfolio securities. The Fund may realize gains or losses from such sales, in which event the Fund’s shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions. (See also —“Certain Debt Instruments” below.)
Certain Debt Instruments. Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund (such as zero coupon debt instruments or debt instruments with payment in-kind interest) may be treated as debt securities that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of original issue discount is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures.
If the Fund acquires debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) in the secondary market, such debt securities may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
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Some debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount, or original issue discount in the case of certain types of debt securities. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or original issue discount, in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having acquisition discount, or original issue discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.
The Fund may invest a portion of their net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable.
Special or Uncertain Tax Consequences. The Fund’s investment or other activities could be subject to special and complex tax rules that may produce differing tax consequences, such as disallowing or limiting the use of losses or deductions, causing the recognition of income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, affecting the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur or altering the characterization of certain complex financial transactions.
Tax Treatment of Fund Shareholders
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares applicable to “U.S. shareholders.” For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. shareholder” is a beneficial owner of Shares who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.; (ii) a corporation (or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the U.S. or under the laws of the U.S., or of any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate, the income of which is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust, if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) the trust has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
Fund Distributions. The Fund expects to qualify to designate a portion of their dividends paid as exempt-interest dividends (as defined above). To qualify to designate a portion of its dividends as “exempt-interest dividends,” the Fund must, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year (i) be a qualified fund of funds (as defined above), or (ii) have 50% or more of its assets, by value, consist of Tax-Exempt Obligations (as defined above). In purchasing municipal securities, the Fund intends to rely on opinions of its bond counsel for each issue as to the excludability of interest on such obligations from gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Funds will not undertake independent investigations concerning the tax-exempt status of such obligations, nor does the Fund guarantee or represent that bond counsels’ opinions are correct. Tax laws enacted principally during the 1980’s not only had the effect of limiting the purposes for which Tax-Exempt Obligations could be issued and reducing the supply of such obligations, but also increased the number and complexity of requirements that must be satisfied on a continuing basis in order for obligations to be and remain tax-exempt. If the issuer of a bond or a user of a bond-financed facility fails to comply with such requirements at any time, interest on the bond could become taxable, retroactive to the date the obligation was issued. In that event, a portion of the Fund’s distributions attributable to interest the Fund received on such bond for the current year and for prior years could be characterized or recharacterized as taxable income.
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Exempt-interest dividends generally will be excludable from a shareholder’s gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, a shareholder is advised to consult his, her or its tax advisor with respect to whether exempt-interest dividends retain the exclusion under Section 103(a) of the Code if such shareholder would be treated as a "substantial user" or “related person” thereof under Section 147(a) of the Code with respect to any of the Tax-Exempt Obligations held by the Fund.
Although exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund generally may be excluded by the Fund’s shareholders from their gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, exempt-interest dividends will be included in determining the portion, if any, of a shareholder’s social security and railroad retirement benefit payments subject to U.S. federal income tax. Furthermore, exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund could subject certain shareholders in the Fund to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, corporations were subject to an alternative minimum tax based, in part, on certain differences between taxable income as adjusted for other tax preferences and the corporation’s “adjusted current earnings,” which more closely reflect a corporation’s economic income. Because an exempt-interest dividend paid by the Fund will be included in adjusted current earnings, a corporate shareholder of the Fund may be required to pay alternative minimum tax on exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund. In addition, if the Fund invests in “private activity bonds,” a portion of the exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund may be treated as an item of “tax preference” and, therefore, could subject certain shareholders of the Fund to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax.
Interest on indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry Shares of the Fund that pays exempt-interest dividends will not be deductible by the shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent attributable to exempt-interest dividends.
Fund distributions other than exempt-interest dividends will be taxable to shareholders who are subject to U.S. federal income tax. In general, Fund distributions are subject to U.S. federal income tax when paid, regardless of whether they consist of cash or property and regardless of whether they are re-invested in Shares. However, any Fund distribution declared in October, November or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date during such month will be deemed to have been received by the Fund shareholder on December 31 of such calendar year, provided such dividend is actually paid during January of the following calendar year.
Distributions of the Fund’s net investment income and the Fund’s net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses (collectively referred to as “ordinary income dividends”) are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (subject to an exception for “qualified dividend income”, as discussed below). Corporate shareholders of the Fund may be eligible to take a dividends-received deduction with respect to such distributions, provided the distributions are attributable to dividends received by the Fund on stock of U.S. corporations with respect to which the Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements. To the extent designated as “capital gain dividends” by the Fund, distributions of the Fund’s net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses (“net capital gain”) are taxable at long-term capital gain tax rates to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, regardless of the Fund shareholder’s holding period in the Fund’s Shares. Such dividends will not be eligible for a dividends-received deduction by corporate shareholders.
The Fund’s net capital gain is computed by taking into account the Fund’s capital loss carryforwards, if any. Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, capital losses incurred in tax years beginning after December 22, 2010 can be carried forward indefinitely and retain the character of the original loss. To the extent that these carryforwards are available to offset future capital gains, it is probable that the amount offset will not be
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distributed to shareholders. In the event that the Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Code, the Fund’s loss carryforwards, if any, may be subject to limitation.
Distributions of “qualified dividend income” (defined below) are taxed to certain non-corporate shareholders at the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gain to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, provided that the Fund shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the distributing Fund’s Shares and the distributing Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend-paying stocks. Dividends subject to these special rules, however, are not actually treated as capital gains and, thus, are not included in the computation of a non-corporate shareholder’s net capital gain and generally cannot be used to offset capital losses. The portion of distributions that the Fund may report as qualified dividend income generally is limited to the amount of qualified dividend income received by the Fund, but if for any Fund taxable year 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (exclusive of net capital gain from sales of stock and securities) consist of qualified dividend income, all distributions of such income for that taxable year may be reported as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, “qualified dividend income” generally means income from dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations and qualified non-U.S. corporations. Income from dividends received by the Fund from a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) or another RIC generally is qualified dividend income only to the extent that the dividend distributions are made out of qualified dividend income received by such REIT or other RIC. Given its investment strategy, the Fund does not anticipate that a significant portion of their distributions will be eligible for qualifying dividend treatment.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s tax basis in its Shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (assuming the shareholder holds its Shares of the Fund as capital assets).
The Fund intends to distribute its net capital gain at least annually. However, by providing written notice to its shareholders no later than 60 days after its year-end, the Fund may elect to retain some or all of its net capital gain and designate the retained amount as a “deemed distribution.” In that event, the Fund pays U.S. federal income tax on the retained net capital gain, and the Fund shareholder recognizes a proportionate share of the Fund’s undistributed net capital gain. In addition, the Fund shareholder can claim a tax credit or refund for the shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s U.S. federal income taxes paid on the undistributed net capital gain and increase the shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares by an amount equal to the shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s undistributed net capital gain, reduced by the amount of the shareholder’s tax credit or refund. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such net capital gain may be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon timely filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.
With respect to non-corporate Fund shareholders (i.e., individuals, trusts and estates), ordinary income and short-term capital gain are taxed at a current maximum rate of 37% and long-term capital gain is taxed at a current maximum rate of 20%. Corporate shareholders are taxed at a current maximum rate of 21% on their income and gain.
In addition, high-income individuals (and certain trusts and estates) generally will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on “net investment income,” in addition to otherwise applicable U.S. federal income tax. “Net investment income” generally will include dividends (including capital gain dividends) received from the Fund and net gains from the redemption or other disposition of Shares. Please consult your tax advisor regarding this tax.
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If the Fund is a qualified fund of funds (as defined above) or more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a taxable year consist of non-U.S. stock or securities, the Fund may elect to “pass through” to its shareholders certain non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund. This means that each shareholder will be required to (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, the shareholder’s pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either take a corresponding deduction (in calculating U.S. federal taxable income) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax), subject to certain limitations.
Investors considering buying Shares just prior to a distribution should be aware that, although the price of the Shares purchased at such time may reflect the forthcoming distribution, such distribution nevertheless may be taxable (as opposed to a non-taxable return of capital).
Sales of Shares. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale or exchange of Shares generally is treated as a long-term gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale or exchange of Shares held for one year or less generally is treated as a short-term gain or loss, except that any capital loss on the sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends were paid (or deemed to be paid) with respect to such Shares. Furthermore, a loss realized by a shareholder on the sale or exchange of Shares of the Fund with respect to which exempt-interest dividends have been paid may, to the extent of such exempt-interest dividends, be disallowed if such Shares have been held by the shareholder for six months or less at the time of their disposition. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a sale or exchange of Shares also will be disallowed under the “wash sale” rules if substantially identical shares are purchased (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the Shares. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Legislation passed by Congress requires reporting to the IRS and to taxpayers of adjusted cost basis information for “covered securities,” which generally include shares of a RIC acquired on or after January 1, 2012. Shareholders should contact their brokers to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and available elections for their accounts.
Creation Unit Issues and Redemptions. On an issue of Shares as part of a Creation Unit, made by means of an in-kind deposit, an Authorized Participant recognizes capital gain or loss (assuming the Authorized Participant does not hold the securities as inventory) equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value (at issue) of the issued Shares (plus any cash received by the Authorized Participant as part of the issue) and (ii) the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the exchanged securities (plus any cash paid by the Authorized Participant as part of the issue). On a redemption of Shares as part of a Creation Unit where the redemption is conducted in-kind by a payment of Fund Securities, an Authorized Participant recognizes capital gain or loss (assuming the Authorized Participant does not hold the securities as inventory) equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value (at redemption) of the securities received (plus any cash received by the Authorized Participant as part of the redemption) and (ii) the Authorized Participant’s basis in the redeemed Shares (plus any cash paid by the Authorized Participant as part of the redemption). However, the IRS may assert, under the “wash sale” rules or on the basis that there has been no significant change in the Authorized Participant’s economic position, that any loss on an issue or redemption of Creation Units cannot be deducted currently.
In general, any capital gain or loss recognized upon the issue or redemption of Shares (as components of a Creation Unit) is treated either as long-term capital gain or loss, if the deposited securities (in the case of an issue) or the Shares (in the case of a redemption) have been held for more than one year, or otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any capital loss on a redemption of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends were paid (or deemed to be paid) with respect to the Shares. Furthermore, a loss realized on the redemption of Shares of the Fund with respect to which exempt-interest dividends have been paid may, to the extent of such exempt-interest dividends, be disallowed if such Shares have been held for six months or less at the time of their disposition.
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Reportable Transactions. If the Fund shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to Shares of $2 million or more (for an individual Fund shareholder) or $10 million or more (for a corporate shareholder) in any single taxable year (or a greater loss over a combination of years), the Fund shareholder may be required file a disclosure statement with the IRS. Significant penalties may be imposed upon the failure to comply with these reporting rules. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these rules in light of their individual circumstances.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares applicable to “non-U.S. shareholders.” For purposes of this discussion, a “non-U.S. shareholder” is a beneficial owner of Shares that is not a U.S. shareholder (as defined above) and is not an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The following discussion is based on current law, and is for general information only. It addresses only selected, and not all, aspects of U.S. federal income taxation.
Dividends. As indicated above, a majority of the Fund’s dividend distributions to its shareholders, including its non-U.S. shareholders, is expected to be exempt from U.S. federal income tax as exempt-interest dividends. However, with respect to non-U.S. shareholders of the Fund, the Fund’s ordinary income dividends generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or at a lower rate established under an applicable tax treaty). However, ordinary income dividends that are “interest-related dividends” or “short-term capital gain dividends” (each as defined below) and capital gain dividends generally will not be subject to U.S. federal withholding (or income) tax, provided that the non-U.S. shareholder furnishes the Fund with a completed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, (or acceptable substitute documentation) establishing the non-U.S. shareholder’s non-U.S. status and the Fund does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the non-U.S. shareholder would be subject to such withholding tax if the non-U.S. shareholder were to receive the related amounts directly rather than as dividends from the Fund. “Interest-related dividends” generally means dividends designated by the Fund as attributable to the Fund’s U.S.-source interest income, other than certain contingent interest and interest from obligations of a corporation or partnership in which the Fund is at least a 10% shareholder, reduced by expenses that are allocable to such income. “Short-term capital gain dividends” generally means dividends designated by the Fund as attributable to the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital gain over its net long-term capital loss. Depending on its circumstances, the Fund may treat such dividends, in whole or in part, as ineligible for these exemptions from withholding.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, special rules apply in certain cases, including as described below. For example, in cases where dividend income from a non-U.S. shareholder’s investment in the Fund is effectively connected with a trade or business of the non-U.S. shareholder conducted in the U.S., the non-U.S. shareholder generally will be exempt from withholding tax, but will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. shareholders. Such income generally must be reported on a U.S. federal income tax return. Furthermore, such income also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder that is a corporation. In addition, if a non-U.S. shareholder is an individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the U.S., any gain incurred by such shareholder with respect to his or her capital gain dividends and short-term capital gain dividends would be subject to a 30% U.S. federal income tax (which, in the case of short-term capital gain dividends, may, in certain instances, be withheld at source by the Fund).
Sales of Fund Shares. Under current law, gain on a sale or exchange of Shares generally will be exempt from U.S. federal income tax (including withholding at the source) unless (i) the non-U.S. shareholder is an individual who was physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the U.S., in which case the non-U.S. shareholder would incur a 30% U.S. federal income tax on his capital gain, (ii) the gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by the non-U.S. shareholder (in which case the
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non-U.S. shareholder generally would be taxable on such gain at the same graduated rates applicable to U.S. shareholders, would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and, in the case of a corporate non-U.S. shareholder, may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax.
Credits or Refunds. To claim a credit or refund for any Fund-level taxes on any undistributed long-term capital gains (as discussed above) or any taxes collected through withholding, a non-U.S. Fund shareholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a U.S. federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. Fund shareholder would not otherwise be required to do so.
Non-U.S. shareholders that engage in certain “wash sale” and/or substitute dividend payment transactions the effect of which is to avoid the receipt of distributions from the Fund that would be treated as gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business will be treated as having received such distributions.
All shareholders of the Fund should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of the rules described above.
Back-Up Withholding
The Fund (or a financial intermediary such as a broker through which a shareholder holds Shares in the Fund) may be required to report certain information on the Fund shareholder to the IRS and withhold U.S. federal income tax (“backup withholding”) at a 24% rate from taxable distributions and redemption or sale proceeds payable to the Fund shareholder if (i) the Fund shareholder fails to provide the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number or make required certifications, or if the IRS notifies the Fund that the Fund shareholder is otherwise subject to backup withholding, and (ii) the Fund shareholder is not otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Non-U.S. shareholders can qualify for exemption from backup withholding by submitting a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against the Fund shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
The U.S. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally imposes a 30% withholding tax on “withholdable payments” (defined below) made to (i) a “foreign financial institution” ("FFI"), unless the FFI enters into an agreement with the IRS to provide information regarding certain of its direct and indirect U.S. account holders and satisfy certain due diligence and other specified requirements, and (ii) a “non-financial foreign entity” (“NFFE”) unless such NFFE provides certain information to the withholding agent about certain of its direct and indirect “substantial U.S. owners” or certifies that it has no such U.S. owners. The beneficial owner of a “withholdable payment” may be eligible for a refund or credit of the withheld tax. The U.S. government also has entered into several intergovernmental agreements with other jurisdictions to provide an alternative, and generally easier, approach for FFIs to comply with FATCA.
“Withholdable payments” generally include, among other items, (i) U.S.-source interest and dividends, and (ii) gross proceeds from the sale or disposition, occurring on or after January 1, 2019, of property of a type that can produce U.S.-source interest or dividends. Proposed regulations may eliminate the requirement to withhold on gross proceeds.
The Fund may be required to impose a 30% withholding tax on withholdable payments to a shareholder if the shareholder fails to provide the Fund with the information, certifications or documentation required under FATCA, including information, certification or documentation necessary for the Fund to determine if the shareholder is a non-U.S. shareholder or a U.S. shareholder and, if it is a non-U.S. shareholder, if the non-U.S. shareholder has “substantial U.S. owners” and/or is in compliance with (or meets an exception from) FATCA requirements. The Fund will not pay any additional amounts to shareholders in respect of any amounts withheld. The Fund may
46
disclose any shareholder information, certifications or documentation to the IRS or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA.
The requirements of, and exceptions from, FATCA are complex. All prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of FATCA with respect to their own situation.
Section 351
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Fund if the purchaser (or any group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a given Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, that Fund would have a basis in the Deposit Securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
California Tax Status
The assets of the Fund will consist primarily of one or more of the following: (i) interest bearing obligations issued by or on behalf of the State of California or a local government in California (the “California Bonds”), (ii) interest bearing obligations issued by the government of Puerto Rico, Guam or the Virgin Islands (the “Possession Bonds,” and, collectively with the California Bonds, the “Bonds”) and (iii) shares (the “RIC Shares”) in funds qualifying as regulated investment companies (“RICs”) that are treated as interests in regulated investment companies for federal income tax purposes. The discussion in this section is based on the assumption that: (i) the Bonds were validly issued by the State of California or a local government in California, or by the government of Puerto Rico, Guam or the Virgin Islands, as the case may be, (ii) the interest on the Bonds is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, and (iii) with respect to the Possession Bonds, the Possession Bonds and the interest thereon are exempt from all state and local taxation. This disclosure does not address the taxation of persons other than full-time residents of the State of California.
If you are an individual, you may exclude from taxable income for purposes of the California Personal Income Tax dividends received from the Fund that are properly reported by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends for California Personal Income Tax purposes in written statements furnished to you. The portion of the Fund’s dividends reported as California exempt-interest dividends may not exceed the amount of interest the Fund receives during its taxable year on obligations the interest on which, if held by an individual, is exempt from taxation by the State of California, which may include interest received from Possession Bonds, and the amount of California exempt-interest dividends the Fund receives from the RIC Shares, reduced by certain nondeductible expenses. The Fund may designate California exempt-interest dividends only if the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and, if at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund consists of obligations the interest on which when held by an individual, is exempt from taxation by the State of California or (ii) at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund consists of interests in other entities qualifying as regulated investment companies for federal income tax purposes.
Distributions from the Fund, other than those properly reported by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends for California Personal Income Tax purposes, will generally be subject to the California Personal Income Tax.
Please note that all distributions from the Fund, including California exempt-interest dividends, received by taxpayers subject to the California Corporation Tax Law may be subject to the California franchise tax and the California income tax.
You generally will be subject to tax for purposes of the California Personal Income Tax, and the California franchise and income taxes imposed on taxpayers subject to the California Corporation Tax Law on gain recognized on the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund. Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry shares
47
of the Fund, if the Fund distributes California exempt-interest dividends during a year, is generally not deductible for purposes of the California Personal Income Tax.
Neither the Sponsor nor its counsel have independently examined the RIC Shares, the Bonds or the opinions of bond counsel rendered in connection with the issuance of the Bonds. Ownership of shares in the Fund may result in other California tax consequences to certain taxpayers, and prospective investors should consult their tax advisors.
You should consult your tax advisor regarding potential foreign, state or local taxation with respect to your Shares.
OTHER INFORMATION
The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly or the ability of the Fund to achieve their objective. The Exchange has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Fund.
For purposes of the 1940 Act, the Fund is registered investment companies, and the acquisition of Shares by other registered investment companies and companies relying on exemption from registration as investment companies under Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond those limitations.
Shareholder inquiries may be made by writing to the Trust, c/o IndexIQ Advisors LLC, 51 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund had not yet commenced operations.
MEMMCA14-12/21
48
APPENDIX A
SUMMARY OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
The Advisor has delegated proxy-voting authority to the Fund’s Subadvisor, MacKay Shields. A summary of MacKay Shields’ proxy voting policies and procedures is provided below.
MacKay Shields has adopted a Proxy Policy designed to ensure that where clients have delegated proxy voting authority to MacKay Shields, all proxies are voted in the best interest of such clients without regard to the interests of MacKay Shields. For purposes of the Policy, the "best interests of clients" means, unless otherwise specified by the client, the clients' best economic interests over the long term – that is, the common interest that all clients share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time. To assist MacKay Shields in researching and voting proxies, MacKay Shields utilizes the research and implementation services of a third-party proxy service provider, ISS. MacKay Shields has also utilized ISS in adopting guidelines with respect to voting certain frequently recurring proxy issues.
Where clients have delegated authority to vote proxies to MacKay Shields, it votes them in accordance with the standard voting guidelines unless MacKay Shields agrees with the client to apply modified guidelines. ISS researches each proxy issue and provides a recommendation to MacKay Shields on how to vote based on such research and its application of the research to the applicable voting guidelines. ISS casts votes in accordance with its recommendation unless a portfolio manager believes that it is in the best interests of the client(s) to vote otherwise. To override a proxy recommendation, a portfolio manager must submit a written override request to the Legal/Compliance Department. MacKay Shields has procedures in place to review each such override request for potential material conflicts of interest between clients and MacKay Shields. MacKay Shields will memorialize the basis for any decision to override a recommendation or to abstain from voting, including the resolution of any conflicts of interest.
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APPENDIX B
SPECIAL
RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENTS IN
MUNICIPAL SECURITIES OF CALIFORNIA
This appendix provides a summary of the factors that may affect the financial condition of the State of California (“State” or “California”). The information provided below is intended only to summarize certain of these factors and does not purport to describe in detail each of the potential factors that may impact the financial condition of the State. The information provided below is derived from public sources that are current as of the preparation of this SAI. These sources are typically prepared or disseminated by departments, agencies, or bureaus of the State or federal government, though they may also include other publicly available sources such as news articles, press releases and other reports. The IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF (the “Fund”) has not independently verified the information included herein and does not make any representation as to the accuracy of such information.
The information included herein is subject to change rapidly, substantially and without notice. Any changes in this information may adversely impact the financial condition of the State or its municipal issuers, which could adversely impact the Fund’s investments. In addition, as a result of the severe market volatility and economic downturn following the outbreak of COVID-19, the economic circumstances in the State may change negatively and more rapidly than usual, and the State may be less able to maintain up-to-date information for the public. The Fund does not maintain any obligation to update this information throughout the year. As such, investors and their financial advisers are encouraged to independently research the financial condition of the State, its municipalities, and their political subdivisions, instrumentalities or authorities.
Investors should also review information about the Fund’s strategies, risks and investments before investing in the Fund.
Municipal issuers in California rely on State appropriations and local taxes to fund their operations. As a result, economic, political, natural disasters or weather events, public health emergencies or financial conditions that reduce State appropriations or impact local tax revenues may increase fiscal pressure on the State’s municipalities. If a municipal issuer is unable to obtain sufficient revenues to satisfy its outstanding obligations, that issuer may be subject to a downgrade of its credit rating or other similar credit event. In addition, increased fiscal pressure may cause a municipal issuer to become insolvent, which may require the issuer to file for bankruptcy. If a California municipal issuer suffers a credit rating downgrade, becomes insolvent, or files for bankruptcy, the value or liquidity of securities issued by other municipal issuers in California, including securities issued by the State, could be adversely affected.
Additionally, external factors, such as conditions in the national economy and demand for goods and services produced in California, could have an adverse impact on the financial condition of the State and its municipalities. At this time, it is difficult to accurately predict the extent to which these factors may impact the financial condition of the State and it municipalities.
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Overview
Although California’s fiscal health has improved since the economic downturn beginning in 2008, the State's General Fund budget has been materially adversely impacted by the health-related and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Efforts to respond to and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have had a severe negative impact on the California and national economies and triggered a historic drop and ongoing volatility in the stock market. These efforts are expected to result in significant declines in state revenues from recent levels, as well as increased expenditures required to address the impact of COVID-19. To help address the public health and economic impact of COVID-19, the federal government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), which provided for approximately $2.2 trillion in disaster relief, of which California has received approximately $16.1 billion, as well as the American Rescue Plan, which provides an additional $350 billion in emergency funding for state, local, territorial, and Tribal governments. In addition, the Governor signed into law in February 2021 an economic relief package totaling $7.6 billion, which was funded primarily by the state’s General Fund. The rate at which the United States and California have taken on new debt could have a negative impact on their fiscal health, which could lead to prolonged economic challenges for the respective economies. It is not presently possible to predict the extent of the short- and long-term harm that COVID-19 could cause to the United States and California economies. A meaningful decline in revenues, which may result from high levels of unemployment and the closure of businesses, could negatively impact California’s ability to meet its debt obligations, including with respect to investments held by the Fund.
The State’s revenues can be volatile and correlate to overall economic conditions. There can be no assurances that the State will not face fiscal stress and cash pressures again, or that other changes in the State or national economies will not materially adversely affect the financial condition of the State. Any deterioration in the State’s financial condition may have a negative effect on the marketability, liquidity or value of the securities issued by the State and its municipalities and may increase the risk of investing in these securities, which could adversely impact the performance of the Fund.
Economic Conditions
With a population of more than 39 million, California is by far the most populous state in the nation. In addition, California’s economy is the largest among the 50 states and among the largest and most diverse in the world, with major components in the high-technology, trade, entertainment, manufacturing, government, tourism, construction and service sectors. In addition, governmental agencies at the state, local and federal levels employ a significant number of the State’s residents.
California personal income growth is expected to increase by 4.0% in 2021 and slow to 0.3% in 2022 but may be negatively impacted by the effects of COVID-19 in the future. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, residents of California received approximately $2.8 trillion in estimated personal income in 2020. As a result, residents of California had a per capita personal income of $71,480, which compared favorably to the national average of $59,729 over the same period.
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California’s unemployment rate averaged 4.1% in 2020, reaching its peak in May 2020 at 16.4% following the outbreak of COVID-19. By April 2021, the State’s unemployment rate had fallen to 8.0%. In addition to unemployment, a significant number of Californians have also been negatively impacted by COVID-19 through furloughs, pay cuts, reduction in hours worked, and loss of non-wage income, such as from independent contracting.
The value of the State’s exports in 2020 totaled approximately $153.1 billion, which represents a 10.3 percent decrease from 2019. COVID-19 may continue to materially reduce the value of California’s exports in the future.
Recent Results
Historically, the General Fund derives the majority of its revenue from personal income taxes, sales and use taxes, and corporation taxes. During fiscal year 2021, these revenue sources are projected to contribute approximately 70 percent, 16 percent and 10 percent, respectively, of total General Fund revenues and transfers.
The State’s personal income tax is structured in a highly progressive manner. The passage of Proposition 30 (and later, Proposition 55), which imposed additional taxes on high-income taxpayers, has made the personal income tax even more progressive. Depending on market conditions, a large share of personal income tax receipts may be derived from capital gains realizations and stock option income, revenue sources that can be particularly volatile and susceptible to economic fluctuations. However, revenues from personal income tax may decline as a result of the impacts of COVID-19.
Sales and use taxes and corporation taxes are subject to economic fluctuations and were negatively impacted during the U.S. recession in 2007- 2008 and may decline as a result of COVID-19. Additionally, California is limited in its ability to generate revenues from local property taxes, which are a relatively stable revenue source. The State is also required to maintain a Special Fund for Economic Uncertainties (“SFEU”), which is funded from General Fund resources to meet cash needs of the General Fund. For purposes of financial reporting, year-end balances in the SFEU are included in the General Fund balance. The 2022 Proposed Budget (as defined below) projected that the SFEU would have a balance of approximately $2.8 billion at the end of fiscal year 2022.
Proposition 2, a budget reserve and debt payment measure that was approved by voters in November 2014, annually captures an amount equal to 1.5 percent of General Fund revenues plus capital gains taxes that exceed a long-term historical average. Under the 2022 Proposed Budget’s revenue estimates, Proposition 2 captures a total of $3.0 billion, which will be used to pay down existing State debts. Due to COVID-19, it is expected that conditions would allow for funds in the Budget Stabilization Account (“BSA”) to be returned to the General Fund for appropriation, as well as to suspend or reduce required transfers to the BSA.
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State Budget
2021-2022 Budget. On January 8, 2021, the Governor presented his proposed budget for fiscal year 2022 (“2022 Proposed Budget”). The 2022 Proposed Budget assumes that the General Fund will receive total revenues of approximately $158.4 billion during the fiscal year, which is a decrease of approximately 2.7 percent from fiscal year 2021. Against these revenues, the Governor proposes appropriations of approximately $164.5 billion from the General Fund, which would be an increase of 5.5 percent from the previous fiscal year.
The 2022 Proposed Budget assumes increases in total tax receipts during the fiscal year. The Governor projects that personal income tax receipts, which would account for 67 percent of total General Fund revenues under the proposal, will increase by 5.0 percent over fiscal year 2021 budgeted estimates. The 2022 Proposed Budget assumes that sales and use tax receipts and corporation tax receipts will be approximately 2.2 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively, lower their fiscal year 2021 budgeted estimates.
The Governor’s proposal focuses on, among other things, helping the State manage the COVID-19 crisis. The 2022 Proposed Budget includes approximately $2.4 billion for direct stimulus payments to low-income individuals and approximately $575 million for grants to small businesses and non-profit cultural institutions. The 2022 Proposed Budget also proposes approximately $2 billion for the safe reopening of schools. Under the Governor’s proposal, these amounts would be allocated immediately in advance of the remained of the 2022 budget.
On January 10, 2021, the LAO released its analysis of the 2022 Proposed Budget. The report on the 2022 Proposed Budget stated that although the Governor’s immediate action proposals contemplate challenging timelines, the immediate action items would generally benefit the State. The LAO cautioned that the 2022 Proposed Budget should complement, rather than duplicate, federal efforts contemplated in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, which contains approximately $900 billion in federal stimulus. The report also encouraged the legislature should take steps towards restoring budget reserves that were used in fiscal year 2021 to help address COVID-19.
In May 2021, the Governor revised the projections contained in the 2021-22 Governor’s Budget (“May Revision”). The May Revision contemplates $22.4 billion in budget reserves, including $15.9 billion in the Proposition 2 Budget Stabilization Account. In addition, under the May Revision, California will continue to pay down long-term debt obligations. Projections in the May Revision provide for approximately $175 billion in General Fund revenue against $196 billion in expenditures, including from amounts allocated from federal relief aid. The May Revision projects that the General Fund will end fiscal year 2022 with a balance of approximately $6.6 billion. The LAO Report on the May Revision states that notwithstanding recent stimulus efforts, state revenue growth is not certain. The LAO cautioned that inflationary pressures could lead to changes in federal policy that could slow economic growth. The LAO encouraged the Legislature to weigh the risks of future revenue shortfalls in setting expenditures for the upcoming fiscal year.
Obligations of the State
The State has historically paid the principal and interest on its outstanding obligations when due. The obligations of the State typically include its general obligations bonds, commercial paper notes, lease-revenue obligations and short-term obligations, including revenue anticipation notes and warrants. The State’s Constitution prohibits the creation of general obligation indebtedness of the State unless a bond issuance is approved by a majority of the electorate voting at either a general election or a direct primary.
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As of January 1, 2021, the State’s outstanding aggregate principal amount of long-term general obligation bonds was approximately $71.9 billion. Of this amount, approximately $71.2 billion were payable primarily from the State’s General Fund and approximately $672.8 million were “selfliquidating” bonds payable first from other special revenue funds. Further, as of January 1, 2021, the State’s outstanding aggregate amount of lease revenue obligations was $8.2 billion.
In the November 2018 general election, voters passed Proposition 1, authorizing the State to issue $4 billion in general obligation bonds to fund veterans and affordable housing services ($3 billion for various housing programs and $1 billion for home loan assistance to veterans). The bonds are anticipated to increase the General Fund’s debt service expenditures by approximately $170 million annually for 35 years. Additional bond measures may be included on future election ballots, but any proposed bond measure must first be approved by the Legislature or placed on the ballot through the initiative process.
As of January 1, 2021, there were unused voter authorizations for the future issuance of approximately $35.5 billion of long-term general obligation bonds, some of which may first be issued as commercial paper notes.
Certain State agencies and authorities may issue obligations secured or payable from specific revenue streams. Most of these revenue bonds are not payable from the State’s General Fund. State agencies and authorities had approximately $70.4 billion aggregate principal amount of revenue bonds and notes that are non-recourse to the General Fund outstanding as of December 30, 2020. These borrowings are used to finance a large array of enterprises and projects, including various housing, health facilities, pollution control facilities, transportation projects, public work projects and public and private educational facilities.
Obligations of Other California Issuers
The State has a large number of agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions that issue municipal obligations. These revenue bonds are supported by state revenue-producing enterprises and projects, as well as conduit obligations payable from revenues paid by private users or local governments of facilities financed by the revenue bonds. Such revenue bonds are not payable from the State’s General Fund. The State’s agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions are subject to various economic risks and uncertainties, and the credit quality of securities they issue may differ significantly from the credit quality of securities backed by the State’s full faith and credit.
Pension and Post Retirement Liabilities
The financial condition of the State and its localities is subject to risks associated with pension and post retirement liabilities. The pension funds managed by the State’s retirement systems (e.g., the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CaIPERS”) and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (“CaISTRS”)) suffered large investment losses during the most recent recession and currently have significant unfunded liabilities. These unfunded liabilities may require the General Fund to make increased contributions in the future, which could reduce resources available for other State priorities.
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As of July 1, 2020, CaIPERS reported an unfunded accrued liability allocable to state employees, excluding judges and elected officials, of $61.4 billion on a market value of assets (“MVA”) basis. As of June 30, 2020, CaISTRS reported an unfunded accrued liability of its Defined Benefit Plan of $102.6 billion on an actuarial value of assets basis. The 2022 Proposed Budget contemplates General Fund contributions to CaIPERS and CaISTRS are estimated to be approximately $5.5 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively.
In addition to pension benefits, the State also provides certain other post-employment benefits (“OPEB”), such as health care and dental benefits, for eligible retired employees of the State. Because the State currently funds its OPEB costs on a “pay-as-you-go” basis, the State has amassed large unfunded actuarial liabilities with respect to its OPEB obligations. As of June 30, 2019, the State’s accrued actuarial OPEB liability was estimated at $91.93 billion, of which $91.51 billion was unfunded.
It is possible that the State will be forced to significantly increase its pension fund and post-retirement benefit contributions, which would reduce discretionary General Fund resources available for other State programs. Failure to manage these unfunded liabilities may have an adverse impact on the State’s credit rating.
A significant number of local governments, including various current CaIPERS members, face similar, and sometimes, relatively more severe, fiscal issues with respect to unfunded pension and post-retirement benefit liabilities, which fiscal stress may be increased as a result of the impacts of COVID-19. These local governments’ credit ratings and solvency may be threatened if their liabilities are not addressed by way of wage concessions, restructuring of benefits, or other more creative methods, which could cause these issuers to default on their outstanding obligations or file for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. In the past, as a result of financial and economic difficulties, several of the State’s municipalities filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 9. Additional municipalities could file for bankruptcy protection in the future. Any such action could negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments in the securities of those issuers or other issuers in the State.
Local Governments
California has 58 counties, which make up the primary units of local government. Counties are responsible for providing many basic services such as welfare, jails, health care for the indigent and public safety in unincorporated areas. The State is also made up of nearly 500 incorporated cities and thousands of special districts formed for education, utilities and other services. The fiscal condition of the various local governments changed when State voters approved Proposition 13 in 1978. Among other things, Proposition 13 set limits on the future growth of property taxes and limited local governments’ ability to impose “special taxes” (i.e., taxes devoted to specific purposes) unless the local government had two-thirds voter approval. In addition, Proposition 218, enacted by initiative in 1996, further limited the ability of local governments to raise taxes, fees and other exactions.
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To help counterbalance the loss of property tax revenue for local governments, the State provided aid to many local governments from the General Fund. Significantly, the State assumed a larger responsibility for funding K-12 education and community colleges. During the recession of the early 1990s, the State Legislature was forced to reduce some of the post-Proposition 13 aid to local government entities other than K-12 education and community colleges. However, the State Legislature also provided additional funding sources, such as sales taxes, and reduced certain mandates for the provision of local services by cities and counties.
In 2000, the “internet bubble” caused another economic shock in the State, which caused the State to divert local revenue sources, including certain sales taxes and vehicle license fees, into State coffers. Following these actions, voters approved Proposition 1A in 2004. Proposition 1A amended the State Constitution to reduce the State Legislature’s authority over local government revenue sources and placed restrictions on the State’s access to local governments’ property, sales and vehicle license fee revenues. Proposition 22, adopted in late 2010, superseded portions of Proposition 1A and completely prohibits the State from borrowing local government funds. Proposition 22 also generally prohibits the State Legislature from making certain changes to local government funding sources.
The enacted budget for fiscal year 2011-2012 included a plan to shift certain State program costs to counties and provide comparable amounts of funds to support these new local obligations. This realignment plan was designed to provide State funds for certain programs such as corrections and local public safety programs, as well as programs related to mental health, substance abuse, foster care, child welfare services and adult protective services. However, local governments, in particular counties, were made responsible for covering an increased part of the financial burden of providing such local services. Such responsibility brings with it the risk of possible cost overruns, revenue declines and insufficient revenue growth.
Enacted in 1988, Proposition 98 directs a minimum portion of the General Fund revenues to support K-12 schools and community colleges. The State may face financial pressure due to its obligation to fund public schools under Proposition 98. Such obligations may limit the State’s ability to respond to economic conditions and could reduce the level of assistance the State provides to local governments. Such a reduction in State aid could exacerbate the serious fiscal issues many local governments already face, particularly with respect to education funding.
Limits placed on the ability of local governments to raise taxes and fees may prevent these localities from effectively responding to economic and other conditions. The major local government revenue sources, property and sales tax, and fees from real estate development, are highly susceptible to economic fluctuations and were all adversely affected by the 2007-2008 U.S. recession. In addition, many California municipalities have been adversely affected by reduced income resulting from COVID-19. If economic conditions significantly deteriorate, local governments may be forced to cut local services to address their budget constraints, or, in some cases, file for bankruptcy.
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Pending Litigation
The State, its officials and employees are named as defendants in numerous legal proceedings that occur in the normal course of governmental operations. Some of these proceedings involve claims for substantial amounts, which, if decided against the State, might require the State to make significant future expenditures or substantially impair future revenue sources. Because of the prospective nature of these proceedings, it is difficult to accurately predict the ultimate outcome of such proceedings, estimate the potential impact on the ability of the State to pay debt service costs on its obligations, or determine what impact, if any, such proceedings may have on the Fund’s investments.
Natural Disasters Risk
Substantially all of California is within an active geologic region subject to major seismic activity, which could result in increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, most notably, earthquakes, wildfires and droughts. Such events have, in the past, resulted in significant disruptions of the State economy and required substantial expenditures from the State government. The risks of natural disasters of varying degrees of severity continue to persist, and the full extent of the impact of recurring natural disasters on the State’s economy and fiscal stability is difficult to accurately predict. Any obligation in the Fund could be affected by an interruption of revenues because of damaged facilities, or, consequently, income tax deductions for casualty losses or property tax assessment reductions. Compensatory financial assistance could be constrained by the inability of: (i) an issuer to have obtained earthquake insurance coverage rates; (ii) an insurer to perform on its contracts of insurance in the event of widespread losses; or (iii) the federal or State government to appropriate sufficient funds within their respective budget limitations.
In 2020, California experienced a number of catastrophic wildfires that consumed over four million acres, far more than any previous year in the State’s history, and has since spent billions of dollars in recovery efforts and debris removal. The 2022 Proposed Budget contemplates approximately $143 million in General Fund appropriations to support new fire crews and equipment. The California Legislature enacted AB 1054 to address public utility liability for wildfires by, among other measures, establishing a wildfire fund to pay eligible claims arising from wildfires. The wildfires, particularly in the last year, have significantly impacted the State’s economy and there can be no guarantee that future wildfires would not have an equally detrimental effect on the State’s economy or environment.
Bond Ratings
As of June 30, 2021, the following ratings for the State’s general obligation bonds have been received from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”):
| Moody’s | S&P | Fitch | |||
| Aa2 | AA- | AA |
These ratings reflect only the views of the respective rating agency, an explanation of which may be obtained from each such rating agency. There is no assurance that these ratings will continue for any given period of time or that they will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by the rating agency if, in the judgment of such rating agency, circumstances so warrant. A downward revision or withdrawal of any such rating may have an adverse effect on the market prices of the securities issued by the State, its municipalities, and their political subdivisions, instrumentalities, and authorities. Any explanation of the significance of such ratings may be obtained only from the rating agency furnishing such ratings.
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APPENDIX C
DESCRIPTION OF FIXED-INCOME RATINGS
A rating is generally assigned to a fixed-income security at the time of issuance by a credit rating agency designated as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) by the SEC. While NRSROs may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings given to securities at issuance do not necessarily represent ratings which would be given to these securities on a particular subsequent date.
Fixed-income securities which are unrated expose the investor to risks with respect to capacity to pay interest or repay principal which are similar to the risks of lower-rated speculative bonds. Evaluation of these securities is dependent on the investment adviser’s judgment, analysis and experience in the evaluation of such securities.
Investors should note that the assignment of a rating to a security by an NRSRO may not reflect the effect of recent developments on the issuer’s ability to make interest and principal payments or on the likelihood of default.
Securities deemed to be high yield are rated below Baa3 by Moody’s and below BBB- by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Fitch. The descriptions below relate to general long-term and short-term obligations of an issuer.
Moody’s Ratings
Long-Term Obligations
Ada: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative, of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
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Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Absence of Rating: Where no rating has been assigned or where a rating has been withdrawn, it may be for reasons unrelated to the creditworthiness of the issue.
Should no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following:
| 1. | An application was not received or accepted. |
| 2. | The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities or entities that are not rated as a matter of policy. |
| 3. | There is a lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer. |
| 4. | The issue was privately placed, in which case the rating is not published in Moody’s publications. |
Withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.
Short-Term Obligations
Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations, generally with an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months.
Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations. NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
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US Municipal Short-Term Debt Obligations
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment-grade and are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG). In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.
MIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services Long-Term Obligations
AAA: An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's Rating Services. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment is very strong.
A: An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB; B; CCC; CC; and C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor's Rating Services expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's Rating Services believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
NR: NR indicates no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's Rating Services does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Note: The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Short-Term Obligations
A-1: A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's Rating Services. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
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A-3: A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor's Rating Services believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation's rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Municipal Short-Term Obligations
An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor's opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating.
SP-1: Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2: Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3: Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Fitch Ratings
Long-Term Obligations
AAA: Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
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AA: Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B: Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC: Substantial credit risk. CCC ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk. CC ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C: Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. C indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned RD or D ratings, but are instead rated in the B to C rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Note: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below CCC.
The subscript 'emir' is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
Short-Term Obligations (Corporate and Public Finance)
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are
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assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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IndexIQ Active ETF Trust
Part C – Other Information
| Item 28. | Exhibits |
| (a) | Declaration of Trust |
| (1) | Certificate of Trust of the IndexIQ Active ETF Trust (“Registrant”). (1) |
| (2) | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Trust Instrument”) of the Registrant. (4) |
| (b) | Bylaws of the Registrant. (1) |
| (d) | Investment Advisory Agreements |
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement dated April 15, 2015, between the Registrant and IndexIQ Advisors LLC. (7) |
| (a) | Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement dated July 19, 2019, between the Registrant and IndexIQ Advisors LLC. (7) |
| (b) | Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 17, 2021, between the Registrant and IndexIQ Advisors LLC. (8) |
| (c) | Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 13, 2021, between the Registrant and IndexIQ Advisors LLC. (10) |
| (2) | Subadvisory Agreement dated October 10, 2017, between IndexIQ Advisors LLC and MacKay Shields LLC. (7) |
| (a) | Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement dated June 18, 2021 between IndexIQ Advisors LLC and MacKay Shields LLC for IQ MacKay ESG Core Plus Bond ETF. (8) |
| (b) | Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement dated December 10, 2021 between IndexIQ Advisors LLC and MacKay Shields LLC for IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF. (10) |
| (3) | Subadvisory Agreement dated July 19, 2019, between IndexIQ Advisors LLC and NYL Investors LLC for IQ Ultra Short Duration ETF. (7) |
| (e) | Underwriting Agreements |
| (1) | Distribution Agreement dated April 16, 2018, between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (5) |
| (a) | Amendment 1 to Distribution Agreement dated July 31, 2019, between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (7) |
| (b) | Amendment 2 to Distribution Agreement dated June 18, 2021, between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (8) |
| (c) | Amendment 3 to Distribution Agreement dated December 13, 2021, between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. (10) |
| (2) | Form of Authorized Participant Agreement between ALPS Distributors Inc., The Bank of New York Mellon and Authorized Participant. (1) |
| (f) | Not Applicable. |
| (g) | Custody Agreements |
| (1) | Custody Agreement dated November 18, 2013, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. (2) |
| (a) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. (10) |
| (h) | Other Material Agreements |
| (1) | Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement dated November 18, 2013, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. (2) |
| (a) | Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement. (10) |
| (b) | Amendment to Investment Company Reporting Modernization Services Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement. (10) |
| (2) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated January 26, 2009, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. (2) |
| (a) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement. (10) |
| (3) | Form of Calculation Agreement. (1) |
| (4) | Expense Limitation Agreement dated March 13, 2013, between the Registrant and IndexIQ Advisors LLC. (2) |
| (6) | Securities Lending Agreement dated November 20, 2013, between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. (2) |
| (a) | Amendment to Securities Lending Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. (8) |
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(i) Opinion and Consent of Chapman & Cutler LLP. (10)
(j) Not applicable.
(k) Not applicable.
(l) Not applicable.
(m) Form of Distribution and Service Plan. (1)
(n) Not applicable.
(o) Reserved.
(p) (1) Code of Ethics of the Registrant. (5)
(2) Code of Ethics of ALPS Distributors, Inc. (3)
(3) Code of Ethics of IndexIQ Advisors LLC, MacKay Shields LLC and NYL Investors LLC. (9)
| (q) | Powers of Attorney executed by Reena Aggarwal, Michael A. Pignataro, Paul D. Schaeffer, and Kirk C. Lehneis. (5) |
______________________________
| (1) | Previously filed as part of the Registration Statement, filed August 22, 2012. |
| (2) | Previously filed as part of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement, filed November 21, 2013. |
| (3) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement filed on August 26, 2016. |
| (4) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registration Statement filed on February 24, 2017. |
| (5) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the Registration Statement filed on August 29, 2018. |
| (6) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registration Statement filed on July 19, 2019. |
| (7) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registration Statement filed on August 27, 2020. |
| (8) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registration Statement filed on June 17, 2021. |
| (9) | Previously filed as part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement filed on August 30, 2021. |
| (10) | Filed herewith. |
Item 29. Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with Registrant
Not Applicable.
Item 30. Indemnification
Reference is made to Article Eight of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust, which is incorporated by reference herein. The general effect of the indemnification available to an officer or trustee may be to reduce the circumstances under which the officer or trustee is required to bear the economic burden of liabilities and expenses related to actions taken by the individual in his or her capacity as an officer or trustee.
The Registrant (sometimes referred to as the “Trust”) is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and is operated pursuant to a Declaration of Trust that permits the Registrant to indemnify every person who is, or has been, a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, including
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persons who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers, employees or agents of another organization in which the Trust has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (each, a “Covered Person”). Each Covered Person is indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been such a director, trustee, officer, employee or agent and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof. This indemnification is subject to the following conditions:
No indemnification is provided to a Covered Person:
(a) For a liability to the Trust or its shareholders arising out of a final adjudication by the court or other body before which the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office;
(b) With respect to any matter as to which the Covered Person has been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interests of the Trust; or
(c) In the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication (as provided in paragraph (a) or (b) above) and resulting in a payment by a Covered Person, unless there has been either a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office or position by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition, or a reasonable determination, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that he or she did not engage in such conduct, such determination being made by: (i) a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees (as such term is defined in Section 8.5.5 of the Declaration of Trust) acting on the matter (provided that a majority of Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter); or (ii) a written opinion of independent legal counsel.
The rights of indemnification under the Declaration of Trust may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust are severable; will not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person is entitled; will continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Covered Person; and will inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained in the Declaration of Trust will affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel other than Covered Persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.
Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for indemnification under Section 8.5 of the Declaration of Trust will be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification under Section 8.5 of the Declaration of Trust, provided that either:
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(a) Such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security or the Trust is insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or
(b) A majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or independent legal counsel in a written opinion determines, based upon a review of the readily available facts (as opposed to the facts available upon a full trial), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act, and therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, officers or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.
| Item 31. | Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser |
The description of the Investment Advisor is found under the caption “Service Providers—Investment Advisor” in the Prospectus and under the caption “Management Services—Investment Advisor” in the Statement of Additional Information constituting Parts A and B, respectively, of this Registration Statement, which are incorporated by reference herein. The Investment Advisor provides investment advisory services to other persons or entities other than the Registrant.
| Item 32. | Principal Underwriter |
(a) ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: 1WS Credit Income Fund, 1290 Funds, Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs, ALPS Series Trust, The Arbitrage Funds, AQR Funds, Axonic Alternative Income Fund, Axonic Funds, Barings Funds Trust, BBH Trust, Bluerock Total Income+ Real Estate Fund, Brandes Investment Trust, Bridge Builder Trust, Broadstone Real Estate Access Fund, Brown Advisory Funds, Brown Capital Management Mutual Funds, Cambria ETF Trust, CC Real Estate Income Fund, Centre Funds, CIM Real Assets & Credit Fund, CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund, Columbia ETF Trust, Columbia ETF Trust I, Columbia ETF Trust II, CRM Mutual Fund Trust, Cullen Funds Trust, DBX ETF Trust, ETF Series Solutions, Flat Rock Opportunity Fund, Financial Investors Trust, Firsthand Funds, FS Credit Income Fund, FS Energy Total Return Fund, FS Series Trust, FS Multi-Alternative Income Fund, Goehring & Rozencwajg Investment Funds, Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, Griffin Institutional Access Credit Fund, Griffin Institutional Access Real Estate Fund, Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust, Hartford Funds NextShares Trust, Heartland Group, Inc., Holland Series Fund, Inc., IndexIQ Active ETF Trust, IndexIQ ETF Trust, Infusive
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US Trust, James Advantage Funds, Janus Detroit Street Trust, Lattice Strategies Trust, Litman Gregory Funds Trust, Longleaf Partners Funds Trust, M3Sixty Funds Trust, Mairs & Power Funds Trust, Meridian Fund, Inc., Natixis ETF Trust, Pax World Series Trust I, Pax World Funds Trust III, PRIMECAP Odyssey Funds, Principal Exchange-Traded Funds, Reality Shares ETF Trust, Resource Credit Income Fund, RiverNorth Funds, Sierra Total Return Fund, SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust, SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust, Sprott Funds Trust, Stadion Investment Trust, Stone Harbor Investment Funds, Stone Ridge Trust, Stone Ridge Trust II, Stone Ridge Trust III, Stone Ridge Trust IV, Stone Ridge Trust V, USCF ETF Trust, Wasatch Funds, WesMark Funds, Wilmington Funds, XAI Octagon Credit Trust, X-Square Balanced Fund and YieldStreet Prism Fund.
(b) The directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:
| Name* | Position with Underwriter | Positions with Fund |
| Bradley J. Swenson | President, Chief Operating Officer, Director | None |
| Robert J. Szydlowski | Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer | None |
| Eric T. Parsons | Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer | None |
| Joseph J. Frank** | Secretary | None |
| Patrick J. Pedonti ** | Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary | None |
| Richard C. Noyes | Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Assistant Secretary | None |
| Liza Orr | Vice President, Senior Counsel | None |
| Jed Stahl | Vice President, Senior Counsel | None |
| James Stegall | Vice President | None |
| Gary Ross | Senior Vice President | None |
| Kevin Ireland | Senior Vice President | None |
| Stephen J. Kyllo | Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer | None |
| Hilary Quinn | Vice President | None |
| Jennifer Craig | Assistant Vice President | None |
________________________
| * | Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203. |
| ** | The principal business address for Messrs. Pedonti and Frank is 333 W. 11th Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105. |
| * | This list does not serve as an admission that the Trust considers all of these persons listed to be officers of investment companies having the same Investment Advisor or Distributor or having an Investment Advisor or Distributor that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Investment Advisor or Distributor. |
(c) Not Applicable.
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| Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records |
All accounts, books and other documents required by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder are maintained at:
IndexIQ Advisors LLC
51 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010
The Bank of New York Mellon
240 Greenwich Street
New York, NY 10286
ALPS Distributors, Inc.
1625 Broadway, Suite 2200
Denver, CO 80202
| Item 34. | Management Services |
Not Applicable.
| Item 35. | Undertakings |
Not Applicable.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that is meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York, on December 13, 2021.
| IndexIQ Active ETF Trust |
| By: | /s/ Kirk C. Lehneis | |
| Kirk C. Lehneis | ||
| President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:
| Name | Title | Date | |
| Reena Aggarwal* | Trustee | December 13, 2021 | |
| Reena Aggarwal | |||
| Michael A. Pignataro* | Trustee | December 13, 2021 | |
| Michael A. Pignataro | |||
| Paul D. Schaeffer* | Trustee | December 13, 2021 | |
| Paul D. Schaeffer | |||
| /s/ Kirk C. Lehneis | Trustee, President and Principal Executive Officer | December 13, 2021 | |
| Kirk C. Lehneis | |||
| /s/ Adefolahan Oyefeso | Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer | December 13, 2021 | |
| Adefolahan Oyefeso | |||
| /s/ Matthew V. Curtin | |||
| Matthew V. Curtin, Attorney-in-fact* |
* PURSUANT TO POWERS OF ATTORNEY PREVIOUSLY FILED
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Index to Exhibits
| (d)(1)(c) | Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement dated December 13, 2021, between the Registrant and IndexIQ Advisors LLC. |
| (d)(2)(b) | Amendment to Subadvisory Agreement dated December 10, 2021 between IndexIQ Advisors LLC and MacKay Shields LLC for IQ MacKay California Municipal Intermediate ETF. |
| (e)(1)(c) | Amendment 3 to Distribution Agreement dated December 13, 2021, between the Registrant and ALPS Distributors, Inc. |
| (g)(1)(a) | Amendment to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. |
| (h)(1)(a) | Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement. |
| (h)(1)(b) | Amendment to Investment Company Reporting Modernization Services Amendment to Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement. |
| (h)(2)(a) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement. |
| (i) | Opinion and Consent of Chapman & Cutler LLP. |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document − the instance document does not appear on the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
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