10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-34112

Energy Recovery, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	01-0616867
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1717 Doolittle Drive, San Leandro, California 94577

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(510) 483-7370

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	ERII	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes þ  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☐    Accelerated filer  ☐    Non-accelerated filer  ☑    Smaller reporting company  ☑    Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).  Yes ☐  No ☑

As of April 30, 2021, there were 57,522,631 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No.
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity — Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A	Risk Factors	30
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	30
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	30
Item 5	Other Information	31
Item 6	Exhibits	31
Signatures		32

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1'2021 Form 10-Q

Forward Looking Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2021 including Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (the “MD&A”), and certain information incorporated by reference, contain forward-looking statements within the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to, statements about our expectations, objectives, anticipations, plans, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future.

Forward-looking statements represent our current expectations about future events, are based on assumptions, and involve risks and uncertainties. If the risks or uncertainties occur or the assumptions prove incorrect, then our results may differ materially from those set forth or implied by the forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or events.

Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “aims,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” variations of such words and similar expressions are also intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers are directed to risks and uncertainties identified under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this report for factors that may cause actual results to be different from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.

Forward-looking statements in this report include, without limitation, statements about the following:

•our belief that the pressure exchanger is the industry standard for energy recovery in the seawater reverse osmosis (“SWRO”) industry;

•our belief that pressure exchanger technology can provide benefits to our customers, including the reduction of capital expenditures and energy use;

•our belief that we will be able to identify new ways to solve and develop new solutions for solving challenges for critical industries;

•our belief that the integration of Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) principles into our corporate and risk management strategies can strengthen our existing business as well as our efforts to develop new applications of pressure exchanger technology for high-pressure fluid-flow environments;

•our belief that our enhanced safety measures will allow us to help contain the spread of coronavirus (“COVID-19”);

•our belief that our pressure exchanger technology can address inefficiencies and waste within industrial systems and processes that involve high-pressure and low-pressure fluid flows;

•our belief that our PX® Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”) has helped make SWRO desalination an economically viable and more sustainable option in the production of potable water;

•our belief that our hydraulic turbochargers (“Turbochargers”) deliver substantial savings and ease of integration into desalination systems;

•our belief that markets not traditionally associated with desalination, including the United States of America (“U.S.”) will inevitably develop and provide further revenue growth opportunities;

•our belief that, as the existing thermal technology is replaced with reverse osmosis (“RO”) technology, demand for our products will be created;

•our belief that ongoing operating costs rather than capital expenditures is the key factor in the selection of an energy recovery device (“ERD”) solution for megaproject (“MPD”) customers;

•our belief that our PX offers market-leading efficiency and reduction of total lifecycle cost to the end client;

•our estimate that MPD customer projects represent revenue opportunities from approximately $1 million to $18 million;

•our belief that initial capital expenditure rather than future ongoing operating costs is the key factor in selection of an ERD solution for original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) projects;

•our estimate that OEM customer projects represent revenue opportunities up to $1 million;

•our belief that our solutions offer a competitive advantage compared to our competitors’ solutions because our ERDs provide the lowest life-cycle cost and are, therefore, the most cost-effective ERD solutions for RO desalination applications;

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | FLS 1

•our belief that our PX has a competitive advantage, as compared to the Flowserve Corporation’s (“Flowserve”) DWEER product, because our devices are made with highly durable and corrosion-resistant aluminum oxide (“alumina”) ceramic parts that are designed for a life of more than 25 years, are warrantied for high efficiencies, and cause minimal unplanned downtime, resulting in lower lifecycle costs;

•our belief that our PX has a distinct competitive advantage over Fluid Equipment Development Company’s (“FEDCO”) turbochargers and Danfoss Group’s (“Danfoss”) iSave ERD because our devices provide up to 98% efficiency, have lower lifecycle maintenance costs, and are made of highly durable and corrosion-resistant alumina ceramic parts;

•our belief that our Turbochargers compete favorably with FEDCO’s turbochargers based on efficiency, price, and because our Turbochargers have design advantages that enhance efficiency, operational flexibility and serviceability;

•our belief that our pump solutions are competitive with our competitors because our pumps are developed specifically for RO desalination, are highly efficient, feature product-lubricated bearings, and are often purchased with our ERDs in small to medium-sized plants;

•our belief that the VorTeq™ can allow site operators to reduce repair and maintenance costs, reduce capital costs by extending hydraulic fracturing pump’s life expectancy, and eliminate redundant capital equipment;

•our belief that the Ultra PX™ can address the key challenges associated with treating industrial wastewater in ultra high-pressure reverse osmosis (“UHPRO”) applications;

•our belief that the Ultra PX can help make UHPRO the preferred treatment option to achieve zero liquid discharge (“ZLD”) and minimal liquid discharge (“MLD”) requirements by enhancing UHPRO’s affordability and efficiency compared to thermal treatment options;

•our objective of finding new applications for our technology and developing new products for use outside of desalination;

•our belief that our current facilities will be adequate for the foreseeable future;

•our belief that by investing in research and development, the Company will be well positioned to continue to execute on our product strategy;

•our belief that our CO2 refrigeration technology will be able to achieve efficiencies across a wider range of temperatures that exceed incumbent CO2 refrigeration technologies, helping customers reduce the operating cost of a natural gas refrigeration system;

•the timing of our development and commercialization of our CO2 refrigeration technology;

•our expectation that sales outside of the U.S. will remain a significant portion of our revenue;

•the timing of our receipt of payment for products or services from our customers;

•our belief that our existing cash and cash equivalents, our short-term investments, and the ongoing cash generated from our operations, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated liquidity needs for the foreseeable future, with the exception of a decision to enter into an acquisition and/or fund investments in our latest technology arising from rapid market adoption that could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing;

•our expectation that, as we expand our international sales, a portion of our revenue could be denominated in foreign currencies and the impact of changes in exchange rates on our cash and operating results;

•our expectation that we will be able to enforce our intellectual property (“IP”) rights;

•our expectation that the adoption of new accounting standards will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations;

•our share repurchase program will result in repurchases of our common stock or enhance long term stockholder value;

•the outcome of proceedings, lawsuits, disputes and claims;

•the impact of losses due to indemnification obligations;

•the impact of changes in internal control over financial reporting;

•the development of major public health concerns, including the COVID-19 outbreak or other pandemics arising globally, and the future impact of such major public health concerns, and specifically in the short-term the COVID-19 pandemic, on our business and operations; and

•other factors disclosed under the MD&A and Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | FLS 2

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements included in this document are subject to additional risks and uncertainties further discussed under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and are based on information available to us as of May 7, 2021. We assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, certain risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, as disclosed from time to time in our Annual Reports on Form 10‑K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10‑Q and Current Reports on Form 8‑K filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as well as in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It is important to note that our actual results could differ materially from the results set forth or implied by our forward-looking statements. The factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those included in such forward-looking statements are set forth under the heading Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, and from time-to-time, in our results disclosed on our Current Reports on Form 8-K.

We provide our Annual Reports on Form 10‑K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10‑Q, Current Reports on Form 8‑K, Proxy Statements, Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed by or on behalf of directors, executive officers and certain large shareholders, and any amendments to those documents filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, free of charge on the Investor Relations section of our website, www.energyrecovery.com. These filings will become available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. From time to time, we may use our website as a channel of distribution of material company information.

We also make available in the Investor Relations section of our website our corporate governance documents including our code of business conduct and ethics and the charters of the audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees. These documents, as well as the information on the website, are not intended to be part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We use the Investor Relations section of our website as a means of complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, you should monitor the Investor Relations section of our website in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | FLS 3

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 — Financial Statements (unaudited)

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,431	$	94,255
Short-term investments	14,617		20,446
Accounts receivable, net	16,397		11,792
Inventories, net	11,925		11,748
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,470		4,950
Total current assets	152,840		143,191
Deferred tax assets, non-current	11,699		11,030
Property and equipment, net	20,734		20,176
Operating lease, right of use asset	15,739		16,090
Goodwill and other intangible assets	12,835		12,839
Other assets, non-current	1,371		988
Total assets	$	215,218	$	204,314
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,957	$	1,118
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,756		11,816
Lease liabilities, current	1,428		1,243
Contract liabilities, current	1,136		1,552
Total current liabilities	12,277		15,729
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074		16,443
Contract liabilities, non-current	96		88
Other non-current liabilities	431		430
Total liabilities	28,878		32,690
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	63		62
Additional paid-in capital	187,083		179,161
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(20)		53
Treasury stock	(30,486)		(30,486)
Retained earnings	29,700		22,834
Total stockholders’ equity	186,340		171,624
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	215,218	$	204,314

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 1

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Product revenue	$	28,940	$	19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		13,317
License and development revenue	—		2,543
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	6,606		6,881
Sales and marketing	2,703		2,138
Research and development	4,502		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		4
Total operating expenses	13,815		15,732
Income from operations	6,144		128
Other income (expense):
Interest income	92		420
Other non-operating expense, net	(10)		(12)
Total other income, net	82		408
Income before income taxes	6,226		536
Benefit from income taxes	(640)		(85)
Net income	$	6,866	$	621
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.12	$	0.01
Diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
Basic	56,877		55,412
Diluted	58,597		56,542

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 2

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	6,866	$	621
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(25)		(25)
Unrealized loss on investments	(48)		(270)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(73)		(295)
Comprehensive income	$	6,793	$	326

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 3

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands, except shares)
Common stock
Beginning balance	$	62	$	61
Issuance of common stock, net	1		—
Ending balance	63		61
Additional paid-in capital
Beginning balance	179,161		170,028
Issuance of common stock, net	6,058		418
Stock-based compensation	1,864		1,508
Ending balance	187,083		171,954
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Beginning balance	53		(37)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(25)		(25)
Unrealized loss on investments	(48)		(270)
Total other comprehensive loss, net	(73)		(295)
Ending balance	(20)		(332)
Treasury stock
Beginning and ending balance	(30,486)		(30,486)
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Beginning balance	22,834		(3,553)
Net income	6,866		621
Ending balance	29,700		(2,932)
Total stockholders’ equity	$	186,340	$	138,265
Common stock issued (shares)
Beginning balance	61,798,004		60,717,702
Issuance of common stock, net	1,079,563		281,531
Ending balance	62,877,567		60,999,233
Treasury stock (shares)
Beginning and ending balance	5,455,935		5,455,935
Total common stock outstanding (shares)	57,421,632		55,543,298

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 4

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	6,866	$	621
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Stock-based compensation	1,913		1,503
Depreciation and amortization	1,347		1,258
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	71		220
Deferred income taxes	(669)		(35)
Other non-cash adjustments	(12)		145
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(4,605)		(902)
Contract assets	(183)		(244)
Inventories, net	(186)		(692)
Prepaid and other assets	281		(428)
Accounts payable	821		745
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(5,182)		(4,511)
Contract liabilities	(408)		(3,552)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	54		(5,872)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of marketable securities	—		4,974
Maturities of marketable securities	5,710		21,195
Purchases of marketable securities	—		(12,855)
Proceeds from sale of assets	5		—
Capital expenditures	(627)		(1,380)
Net cash provided by investing activities	5,088		11,934
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	6,059		440
Tax payment for employee shares withheld	—		(22)
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,059		418
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash and cash equivalents	(25)		(25)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	11,176		6,455
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	94,358		26,488
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	105,534	$	32,943

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 5

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Energy Recovery”) create technologies that solve complex challenges for industrial fluid-flow markets worldwide. Building on the Company’s pressure exchanger technology platform, the Company designs and manufactures solutions that improve operational efficiency by reducing waste, energy consumption and costs across a range of industrial processes. What began as a game-changing invention for desalination has grown into a global business advancing the environmental sustainability of the Company’s customers’ operations in multiple industries. The Company’s solutions are marketed, sold in, or developed for, the fluid-flow and gas markets such as water, industrial waste, oil & gas, chemical processing and refrigeration under the trademarks ERI®, Ultra PX™, PX®, Pressure Exchanger®, PX Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”), PX PowerTrain™, VorTeq™, IsoBoost®, AT™ and AquaBold™. The Company owns, manufactures and/or develops its solutions, in whole or in part, in the United States of America (“U.S.”).

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2020 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements and may not include all disclosures required by GAAP; however, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

The March 31, 2021 unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”).

All adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and certain notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.

The accounting policies that reflect the Company’s more significant estimates and judgments and that the Company believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its reported financial results are revenue recognition; valuation of stock options; valuation and impairment of goodwill; inventory; deferred taxes and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets; and evaluation and measurement of contingencies. Those estimates could change, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Due to the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, and the impact on the Company’s customers, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of May 7, 2021, the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly these estimates for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 6

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Significant Accounting Policies

Except for adopting new accounting pronouncements, as noted under “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements,” there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”), which provided optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The FASB later issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, to clarify the scope of Topic 848 so that derivatives affected by the discounting transition are explicitly eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 (“ASU 2021-01”). Entities may apply the provisions of the new standards as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made (i.e., as early as the first quarter of 2020). Unlike other topics, the provisions of this update are only available until December 31, 2022, when the reference rate replacement activity is expected to have been completed. An entity may elect to apply amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The optional expedients were available to be used upon issuance of this guidance but the Company has not yet applied the guidance because the Company has not yet modified its existing contract for reference rate reform. The Company does not expect the provisions of ASU 2020-04 or ASU 2021-01 to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 7

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 2 — Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the disaggregated revenues by product and service line, product revenue by geography based on the “shipped to” addresses of the Company’s customers, product revenue by channel, and product revenue by segment (Water and Emerging Technologies segment). Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. See Note 10, “Segment Reporting,” for further discussion related to the Company’s segments.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Revenue by product and service line
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001
License and development	—		—		—		—		2,543		2,543
Total revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	2,543	$	21,544
Revenue by primary geographical markets
Middle East and Africa	$	20,960	$	—	$	20,960	$	16,231	$	—	$	16,231
Asia	7,178		—		7,178		775		—		775
Americas	423		—		423		1,201		2,543		3,744
Europe	379		—		379		794		—		794
Total revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	2,543	$	21,544
Product revenue by channel
Megaproject	$	23,757	$	—	$	23,757	$	14,457	$	—	$	14,457
Original equipment manufacturer	2,791		—		2,791		3,556		—		3,556
Aftermarket	2,392		—		2,392		988		—		988
Total product revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001

In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger Technology Corporation (“Schlumberger”) entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 8

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract balances by category.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,397	$	11,792
Contract assets:
Contract assets, current (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)	$	1,069	$	1,309
Contract assets, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	1,006		583
Total contract assets	$	2,075	$	1,892
Contract liabilities:
Contract liabilities, current	$	1,136	$	1,552
Contract liabilities, non-current	96		88
Total contract liabilities	$	1,232	$	1,640

The Company records contract liabilities when cash payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance. The following table presents significant changes in contract liabilities during the period.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract liabilities balance, beginning of year	$	1,640	$	28,866
Revenue recognized	(962)		(28,414)
Cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	554		1,188
Contract liabilities balance, end of period	$	1,232	$	1,640

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligation

The following table presents the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied.

	March 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Year:
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	10,201
2022	2,996
Total performance obligation	$	13,197

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 9

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Net Income Per Share

Net income for the reported period is divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period to calculate basic net income per common share. Basic net income per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSU").

Diluted net income per common share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if outstanding stock options to purchase common stock were exercised for shares of common stock, using the treasury stock method, and the shares of common stock underlying each outstanding RSU were issued (outstanding stock options to purchase common stock and RSUs collectively referred to as, “stock awards”). Certain shares of common stock issuable under stock awards have been omitted from the diluted net income per share calculations because their inclusion is considered anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net income	$	6,866	$	621
Denominator (weighted average shares):
Basic common shares outstanding	56,877		55,412
Dilutive stock awards	1,720		1,130
Diluted common shares outstanding	58,597		56,542
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.12	$	0.01
Diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

The following table presents the potential common shares issuable under stock awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021	2020
	(In thousands)
Anti-dilutive stock awards	447	2,495

Note 4 — Other Financial Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of such amounts presented.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		March 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,431	$	94,255	$	32,842
Restricted cash, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	103		103		101
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	105,534	$	94,358	$	32,943

The Company pledged cash in connection with the Company’s credit cards. The Company deposited corresponding amounts into restricted accounts at several financial institutions.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 10

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the components of accounts receivable, net.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, gross	$	16,794	$	12,189
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(397)		(397)
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,397	$	11,792

Inventories

The following table presents inventory by category.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	4,543	$	4,260
Work in process	2,490		2,360
Finished goods	4,892		5,128
Inventories, net	$	11,925	$	11,748

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. Valuation adjustments for excess and obsolete inventory reflected as a reduction of inventory was $0.5 million at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Prepaid and Other Current Assets

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract assets, current	$	1,069	$	1,309
Cloud computing arrangement implementation costs	1,088		1,087
Other prepaid expenses and current assets	2,313		2,554
Total prepaid and other current assets	$	4,470	$	4,950

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	12,790	$	12,790
Other intangible assets	45		49
Total goodwill and other intangible assets	$	12,835	$	12,839

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Payroll, incentives and commissions payable	$	5,036	$	8,400
Warranty reserve	811		760
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	1,909		2,656
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,756	$	11,816

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 11

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 5 — Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Available-for-Sale Investments

The Company’s investments in U.S. treasury securities and corporate notes and bonds are classified as available-for-sale. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all available-for-sale investments were either classified as cash equivalents or short-term investments.

The classification of available-for-sale investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and definition of each of these classifications are provided in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Significant Accounting Policies,” subsections “Cash and Cash Equivalents” and “Short-term and Long-term Investments,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in the 2020 Annual Report.

Expected maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. The Company generally holds available-for-sale investments until maturity; however, from time-to-time, the Company may elect to sell certain available-for-sale investments prior to contractual maturity.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

All of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are remeasured and reported at fair value at each reporting period; and are classified and disclosed in one of the following three pricing category levels:

Level 1  —    Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2  —    Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3  —    Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by contractual maturity, including their pricing category, amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and fair value.

		March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Pricing Category	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(In thousands)
Cash equivalents
Money market securities	Level 1	$	49,989	$	—	$	—	$	49,989	$	59,132	$	—	$	—	$	59,132
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	15,000		—		—		15,000		—		—		—		—
Total cash equivalents		64,989		—		—		64,989		59,132		—		—		59,132
Short-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	801		1		—		802		1,614		7		—		1,621
Corporate notes and bonds	Level 2	13,760		55		—		13,815		18,708		117		—		18,825
Total short-term investments		14,561		56		—		14,617		20,322		124		—		20,446
Total		$	79,550	$	56	$	—	$	79,606	$	79,454	$	124	$	—	$	79,578

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no financial liabilities and no Level 3 financial assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company had no transfers of financial assets between any levels.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 12

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

As of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no available-for-sale securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Sales of Available-for-Sale Investments

The following table presents the sales of available-for-sale investments.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Corporate notes and bonds	$	—	$	4,974

Realized gain on sales of securities was immaterial during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Note 6 — Lines of Credit

Stand-By Letters of Credit

The Company entered into a loan and pledge agreement with a financial institution during January 2017, which has been amended multiple times to accommodate the growth of the Company (the original loan and pledge agreement and its subsequent amendments are hereinafter referred to as the “Loan and Pledge Agreement”). Under the Loan and Pledge Agreement, the Company is allowed to issue stand-by letters of credit (“SBLCs”) up to one year past the expiration date of the Loan and Pledge Agreement and to hold SBLCs with other financial institutions up to $5.1 million. SBLCs have a term limit of three years, are secured by pledged U.S. investments, and do not have any cash collateral balance requirements. SBLCs are deducted from the total revolving credit line under the Loan and Pledge Agreement and are subject to a non-refundable quarterly fee that is in an amount equal to 0.7% per annum of the face amount of the outstanding SBLCs.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were outstanding SBLCs of $12.9 million and $13.3 million, respectively.

Note 7 — Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations

The following table presents a summary of operating lease, right of use assets and lease liabilities.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease, right of use asset	$	15,739	$	16,090
Lease liabilities, current	$	1,428	$	1,243
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074		16,443
Total lease liability	$	17,502	$	17,686

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under operating leases that expire on various dates through fiscal year 2030.

The following table presents operating lease activities related to all leased properties.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	643	$	603
Cash payments	489		490
Non-cash lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	—		6,384

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 13

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents other information related to outstanding operating leases as of March 31, 2021.

Weighted average remaining lease term	8.2 years
Weighted average discount rate	7.0%

The following table presents the minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases, exclusive of executory costs as of March 31, 2021.

	Lease Amounts
	(In thousands)
Year:
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	1,942
2022	2,650
2023	2,580
2024	2,812
2025	2,736
2026 and thereafter	10,462
Total	23,182
Less imputed lease interest	(5,680)
Total lease liabilities	$	17,502

Warranty

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s accrued product warranty reserve.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Warranty reserve balance, beginning of year	$	760	$	631
Warranty costs charged to cost of revenue	127		98
Utilization charges against reserve	—		(1)
Release of accrual related to expired warranties	(76)		(63)
Warranty reserve balance, end of period	$	811	$	665

Purchase Obligations

The Company has purchase order arrangements with its vendors for which the Company has not received the related goods or services as of March 31, 2021. These arrangements are subject to change based on the Company’s sales demand forecasts. The Company has the right to cancel the arrangements prior to the date of delivery. The purchase order arrangements are related to various raw materials and component parts, as well as capital equipment. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $6.7 million of such open cancellable purchase order arrangements.

Litigation

The Company is named in and subject to various proceedings and claims in connection with its business. The outcome of matters the Company has been, and currently is, involved in cannot be determined at this time, and the results cannot be predicted with certainty. There can be no assurance that these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations in any future period, and a significant judgment could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company may in the future become involved in additional litigation in the ordinary course of business, including litigation that could be material to its business.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 14

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The Company considers all claims on a quarterly basis and, based on known facts, assesses whether potential losses are considered reasonably possible, probable and estimable. Based upon this assessment, the Company then evaluates disclosure requirements and whether to accrue for such claims in its consolidated financial statements. The Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and are adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. As of March 31, 2021, there were no material losses which were probable or reasonably possible.

Note 8 — Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Benefit from income taxes	$	(640)		$	(85)
Effective tax rate	(10.3		%)	(15.9		%)
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	15.8		%	19.5		%

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in such period. The Company’s quarterly tax provision and estimate of its annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting its pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, the applicability of special tax regimes, and changes in how the Company does business.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the recognized income tax benefit included a discrete tax benefit of $1.6 million, due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the recognized income tax benefit included a discrete tax benefit of $0.2 million, due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls.

Note 9 — Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchase Program

On March 9, 2021, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program under which the Company, at the discretion of management, may repurchase up to $50.0 million in aggregate cost of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “March 2021 Authorization”). Under the March 2021 Authorization, purchases of shares of common stock may be made from time to time in the open market, or in privately negotiated transactions, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors including price, regulatory requirements, and capital availability. The March 2021 Authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period, and may be expanded, extended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company accounts for stock repurchases using the cost method. The aggregate cost includes fees charged in connection with acquiring the outstanding common stock. As of March 31, 2021, no shares had been repurchased under the March 2021 Authorization.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 15

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 10 — Segment Reporting

The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer. The Company continues to monitor and review its segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact its reportable segments. As a result of the evolution of the Company’s products, operations and research and development (“R&D”) efforts in new product development, and the way in which the CODM manages and assesses the performance of the business, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company realigned its segment reporting and has recast the prior year amounts for comparability. In addition, to better align the activities of the Water segment, the Company has re-allocated resources to this segment’s operations. Income and type of expense activities that are included in the Water and Emerging Technologies segments and corporate operating expenses are as follows:

Water segment: Includes seawater desalination sales and service, industrial wastewater sales, service, and R&D and sales and marketing (“S&M”) efforts, other water-related R&D activities, and certain water-related S&M and general and administrative (“G&A”) activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Emerging Technologies segment: Includes R&D efforts in the continued development of the VorTeq, S&M and R&D efforts to support the sales and development, respectively, of the IsoBoost in natural gas processing, and R&D efforts for new product development for other non-water treatment applications, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and certain emerging technologies-related S&M and G&A activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Corporate operating expenses: Includes certain operating expenses related to corporate activities outside of the operating segments, such as audit and accounting expenses, general legal costs, board of director fees and expenses, and other separately managed general expenses not related to the identified segments.

For each of the periods presented in the following tables, operating income (loss) for each segment excludes other income and expenses, and corporate operating expenses not included in how the CODM assesses the performance of the operating segments, such as income taxes and other separately managed general and administrative expenses not attributed to the operating segments. Assets and liabilities are reviewed at the consolidated level by the CODM and are not attributed to the segments. The CODM allocates resources to, and assesses the performance of, each operating segment using information about its revenue and operating income.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 16

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Segment Financial Information

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s financial information by segment and corporate operating expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 (Recasted)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Product revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		—		8,981		5,684		—		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		—		19,959		13,317		—		13,317
License and development revenue(1)	—		—		—		—		2,543		2,543
Operating expenses
General and administrative	1,557		1,166		2,723		2,079		1,492		3,571
Sales and marketing	2,164		179		2,343		1,676		312		1,988
Research and development	501		4,001		4,502		902		5,807		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		—		4		4		—		4
Total operating expenses	4,226		5,346		9,572		4,661		7,611		12,272
Operating income (loss)	$	15,733	$	(5,346)	10,387		$	8,656	$	(5,068)	3,588
Less: Corporate operating expenses					4,243						3,460
Income from operations					6,144						128
Other income, net					82						408
Income before income taxes					$	6,226					$	536

(1)    In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 17

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 11 — Concentrations

Product Revenue

The following table presents customers accounting for 10% or more of product revenue by segment. Although certain customers might account for greater than 10% of product revenue at any one point in time, the concentration of product revenue between a limited number of customers shifts regularly, depending on contract negotiations. The percentages by customer reflect specific relationships or contracts that would concentrate product revenue for the periods presented and does not indicate a trend specific to any one customer.

		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Segment	2021	2020
Customer A	Water	18%	20%
Customer B	Water	17%	**
Customer C	Water	16%	25%
Customer D	Water	15%	10%

**    Zero or less than 10%.

License and Development Revenue

There was no Emerging Technologies segment customer license and development revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021. One international Emerging Technologies segment customer accounted for 100% of the license and development revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 18

Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We create technologies that solve complex challenges for industrial fluid-flow markets worldwide. Building on our pressure exchanger technology platform, we design and manufacture solutions that improve operational efficiency by reducing waste, energy consumption and costs across a range of industrial processes. What began as a game-changing invention for desalination has grown into a global business advancing the environmental sustainability of our customers’ operations in multiple industries. We are a global team with sales and on-site technical support available worldwide, and we maintain international direct sales offices and technical support centers to service the European, the Middle Eastern and Asian markets.

Our core technology is the pressure exchanger. Our pressure exchanger technology efficiently transfers energy between high-pressure and low-pressure liquid or gas through continuously rotating ducts. Our PX® Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”) can operate in both low-pressure and high-pressure environments, between 1,000 pounds per square inch (“psi”), or 70 bar, and up to approximately 10,000 psi, or 700 bar. Our pressure exchanger technology can also handle a variety of relatively clean to dirty liquids, and we are actively developing capabilities to handle gases. When applied to industrial systems with pressure differentials, pressure exchanger technology can provide certain benefits including our customers’ ability to reduce capital expenditures and energy use, which leads to lower carbon emissions, as well as lower operating costs.

Engineering and research and development (“R&D”) have been, and remain, an essential part of our history, culture and corporate strategy. Since our formation, we have developed leading technology and engineering expertise through the continual evolution of our pressure exchanger technology, which can improve productivity by reducing waste and energy consumption in high-pressure industrial fluid-flow systems. This versatile technology powers several of our products, including our flagship PX energy recovery device (“ERD”), which we believe is the industry standard for energy recovery in the seawater reverse osmosis desalination (“SWRO”) industry. Today, we continue to push the boundaries of our pressure exchanger technology to handle different operating environments and industrial applications. Leveraging our proven pressure exchanger technology platform, we are identifying new ways to solve, and developing new solutions for solving, challenges for critical industries, such as industrial wastewater treatment, natural gas processing and hydraulic fracturing.

Segments

We continue to monitor and review our segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact our reportable segments. As a result of the evolution of our products, operations and R&D efforts in new product development, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and the way in which our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages and assesses the performance of the business, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, we realigned our segment reporting and have recast the prior year amounts for comparability. In addition, to better align the activities of the Water segment, we have re-allocated resources to this segment’s operations.

Water Segment

Our Water segment includes sales and marketing (“S&M”) and R&D efforts, and certain general and administrative (“G&A”) activities related to the sales and services of our products for seawater desalination, industrial wastewater, and other water treatment applications. Our Water segment revenue is principally derived from the sale of ERDs and high-pressure and circulation pumps to our megaproject (“MPD”), original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”) and aftermarket (“AM”) channels. MPD sales are typically made to global engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) firms to build very large desalination plants worldwide. Our typical MPD sale primarily consists of our PX ERD. Each MPD sale represents revenue opportunities generally ranging from $1 million to $18 million. Our packaged solutions to OEMs include our PX, Turbochargers, high-pressure pumps and circulation “booster” pumps for integration and use in small to medium-sized desalination plants. OEM projects typically represent revenue opportunities of up to $1 million. Our existing and expanding installed base of ERD and pump products in water plants has created a growing customer base comprised of plant operators and service providers who purchase spare parts, replacement parts and service contracts through our AM channel.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 19

During the quarter,

•we announced our second contract award for our new Ultra PX™ energy recovery device, which will support the industrial wastewater treatment operations of a natural gas plant in the Sichuan Province of China. Our Ultra PX is designed to dramatically reduce the energy needs, costs and environmental impacts associated with treating industrial wastewater in Ultra High-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (“UHPRO”) applications. Our Ultra PX recovers up to 60 percent of wasted energy when applied to UHPRO systems; and

•we announced a joint-marketing effort with DuPont Water Solutions (“DuPont”), a global leader in purification and specialty-separation technologies, to spread the knowledge of advanced solutions improving the efficiency of many industrial wastewater treatment systems. We co-hosted a webinar with DuPont to discuss the benefits of pairing our Ultra PX with DuPont membranes in industrial wastewater treatment systems.

Emerging Technologies Segment

Our Emerging Technologies segment includes our R&D efforts in the continued development of the VorTeq™, S&M and R&D efforts to support the sales and development, respectively, of the IsoBoost™ in natural gas processing, R&D efforts for new product development for other non-water treatment applications, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and certain emerging technologies-related S&M and G&A activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration. The global refrigeration industry is a leading user and emitter of hydro fluorocarbons (“HFCs”), which are a group of powerful man-made greenhouse gases that can impact global warming thousands of times more than CO2. More than 120 countries have signed on to the Kigali Amendment, an amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which states the goal of reducing HFC use by 80% by 2047. This year the United States (“U.S.”) and China have publicly committed to signing the Kigali Amendment. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced on May 3, 2021 its intention to reduce HFC emissions in the U.S. by 85% by 2036, 11 years prior to the 2047 Kigali Amendment target, by phasing down the production and import of HFCs. For the refrigeration industry, phasing out HFCs means moving to natural refrigerants such as ammonia or CO2. CO2 is stable, and more benign, and therefore the safer choice; however CO2 works at much higher pressures and requires more energy than HFCs, thereby increasing the operating cost of a CO2 refrigeration system. The challenge today is to make CO2 refrigeration systems less costly and more efficient to compete economically with incumbent refrigerants.

While we are at the early stages of developing this technology, we believe we will be able to achieve efficiencies across a wider range of temperatures that exceed incumbent CO2 refrigeration technologies, helping customers reduce the operating cost of a natural gas refrigeration system and thereby easing this transition to CO2 in the coming years. We will continue development of this technology throughout 2021 with the goal of placing our product in a commercial setting as soon as research, development and testing is completed.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 20

Results of Operations

A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, is presented below.

Total Revenue

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Total Revenue		$		% of Total Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Product revenue	$	28,940	100	%	$	19,001	88	%	$	9,939	52	%
License and development revenue	—		—	%	2,543		12	%	(2,543)		(100	%)
Total revenue	$	28,940	100	%	$	21,544	100	%	$	7,396	34	%

Product Revenue

Variability in product revenue from quarter to quarter is typical, and year on year quarterly comparisons are not necessarily indicative of the trend for the full year due to these variations. Product revenue by channel customer is presented in the following table.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Product Revenue		$		% of Product Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Megaproject	$	23,757	82	%	$	14,457	76	%	$	9,300	64	%
Original equipment manufacturer	2,791		10	%	3,556		19	%	(765)		(22	%)
Aftermarket	2,392		8	%	988		5	%	1,404		142	%
Total product revenue	$	28,940	100	%	$	19,001	100	%	$	9,939	52	%

Our MPD channel continues to be the main driver of our revenue growth as revenue from this channel benefits from the long project cycle. Our OEM channel, which contains projects of shorter duration, was negatively affected by the economic conditions in late fiscal year 2020 and early 2021, which ultimately delayed certain new installation and upgrade projects, as well as non-critical plant maintenance. Specifically, in our OEM channel, we sell into a number of industries, including tourism and hospitality, which were greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our AM channel increased due primarily to an increase in support and services rendered to our large project installed based customers in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021.

License and Development Revenue

The change in license and development revenue was due to the termination of the VorTeq License Agreement. In June 2020, we and Schlumberger Technology Corporation (“Schlumberger”) entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, we recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 21

Product Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Product gross profit represents our product revenue less our product cost of revenue. Our product cost of revenue consists primarily of raw materials, personnel costs (including share-based compensation), manufacturing overhead, warranty costs, depreciation expense and manufactured components.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	$		Gross Margin		$		Gross Margin		Change in Product Gross Profit
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Product gross profit and gross margin	$	19,959	69.0	%	$	13,317	70.1	%	$	6,642	49.9	%

The increase in product gross profit was due primarily to higher revenues, partially offset by a reduction in gross margin to 69.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2021, from 70.1% in the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in gross margin was due primarily to lower average selling prices related to product mix and higher manufacturing labor expenses, partially offset by lower COVID-19 related charges.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 22

Operating Expenses

Total Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Total Revenue		$		% of Total Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)
General and administrative	$	6,606	23	%	$	6,881	32	%	$	(275)	(4	%)
Sales and marketing	2,703		9	%	2,138		10	%	565		26	%
Research and development	4,502		16	%	6,709		31	%	(2,207)		(33	%)
Amortization of intangible assets	4		—	%	4		—	%	—		—	%
Total operating expenses	$	13,815	48	%	$	15,732	73	%	$	(1,917)	(12	%)

General and administrative expenses. G&A expenses decreased due primarily to a decrease in employee-related costs of $0.4 million, partially offset by higher other costs of $0.2 million. Employee-related costs, as compared to the prior year, decreased due primarily to lower recruiting costs related to our chief executive officer search in fiscal year 2020, partially offset by higher employee incentive compensation and share-based compensation expense.

Sales and marketing expenses. S&M expenses increased due primarily to an increase in employee-related costs of $0.4 million, marketing costs of $0.1 million and other costs of $0.1 million. Employee-related costs, as compared to the prior year, increased due primarily to higher employee compensation expense, share-based compensation expense and annual bonuses paid, partially offset by lower travel expenses.

Research and development expenses. R&D expenses decreased due primarily to lower testing supplies expenditures of $1.9 million as we decreased testing activities on VorTeq and shifted testing activities to refrigeration and other new initiatives.

Segment and Corporate Operating Expenses

We continue to monitor and review our segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact our reportable segments. As a result of the evolution of our products, operations and R&D efforts in new product development, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and the way in which our CODM manages and assesses the performance of the business, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, we realigned our segment reporting and have recast the prior year amounts for comparability. In addition, to better align the activities of the Water segment, we have re-allocated resources to this segment’s operations. Income and type of expense activities that are included in our Water and Emerging Technologies segments and corporate operating expenses are as follows:

Water segment: Includes seawater desalination sales and service, industrial wastewater sales, service, R&D and S&M efforts, other water-related R&D activities, and certain water-related S&M and G&A activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Emerging Technologies segment: Includes R&D efforts in the continued development of the VorTeq, S&M and R&D efforts to support the sales and development, respectively, of the IsoBoost in natural gas processing, and R&D efforts for new product development for other non-water treatment applications, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and certain emerging technologies-related S&M and G&A activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Corporate operating expenses: Includes certain operating expenses related to corporate activities outside of the operating segments, such as audit and accounting expenses, general legal costs, board of director fees and expenses, and other separately managed general expenses not related to the identified segments.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 23

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021								Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 (Recasted)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Corporate		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Corporate		Total
	(In thousands)
Operating expenses
General and administrative	$	1,557	$	1,166	$	3,883	$	6,606	$	2,079	$	1,492	$	3,310	$	6,881
Sales and marketing	2,164		179		360		2,703		1,676		312		150		2,138
Research and development	501		4,001		—		4,502		902		5,807		—		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		—		—		4		4		—		—		4
Total operating expenses	$	4,226	$	5,346	$	4,243	$	13,815	$	4,661	$	7,611	$	3,460	$	15,732

Water segment. The decrease in the Water segment operating expenses was due primarily to lower overall G&A and R&D costs, both driven primarily by lower employee-related costs, and allocation of certain R&D costs to emerging technology projects. These costs were partially offset by higher overall S&M costs, driven by increased employee-related costs and share-based compensation.

Emerging Technologies segment. The decrease of Emerging Technologies segment operating expenses, was due primarily to reduced VorTeq-related expense of $3.1 million, which was partially offset by a shift of expenditures for development of industrial and commercial refrigeration of $0.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Total VorTeq-related expense was $3.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, which included R&D expenditures of $2.8 million.

Corporate operating expenses. The increase of corporate operating expenses was due primarily to higher employee-related costs primarily related to increased employee incentive compensation, higher share-based compensation expense, legal costs, and other costs, partially offset by lower recruiting costs related to our chief executive officer search in fiscal year 2020.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 24

Other Income, Net

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Interest income	$	92	$	420	$	(328)
Other non-operating income, net	(10)		(12)		2
Total other income, net	$	82	$	408	$	(326)

Total other income, net decreased due primarily to a decrease in interest income due to a shift from debt investments to investments in money market funds.

Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Benefit from income taxes	$	(640)		$	(85)		$	(555)
Effective tax rate	(10.3		%)	(15.9		%)
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	15.8		%	19.5		%

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment in such period. The quarterly tax provision and estimate of our annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, the applicability of special tax regimes, and changes in how we do business.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the recognized income tax benefit included a discrete tax benefit of $1.6 million, due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the recognized income tax benefit included a discrete tax benefit of $0.2 million, due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 25

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

From time to time, management and our Board of Directors reviews our liquidity and future cash needs and may make a decision on (1) the return of capital to our shareholders through a share repurchase program or dividend payout; or (2) seek additional debt or equity financing. As of March 31, 2021, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of: (i) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $105.4 million; (ii) short-term investments of $14.6 million that are primarily invested in marketable debt instruments such as corporate notes and bonds and U.S. Treasury securities; and (iii) accounts receivable, net of allowances of $16.4 million. As of March 31, 2021, there were unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $0.9 million held outside the U.S. We invest cash not needed for current operations predominantly in high-quality, investment-grade, marketable debt instruments with the intent to make such funds available for operating purposes as needed. Although these securities are available for sale, we generally hold these securities to maturity, and therefore, do not currently see a need to trade these securities in order to support our liquidity needs in the foreseeable future. The risk of this portfolio to us is in the ability of the underlying companies to cover their obligations at maturity, not in our ability to trade these securities at a profit. Based on current projections, we believe existing cash balances and future cash inflows from this portfolio will meet our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months.

As of March 31, 2021, we had $1.1 million of short-term contract assets which only represents unbilled trade receivables from certain Water segment contract sales which includes contractual holdback provisions, pursuant to which we will invoice the final retention payment due within the next 12 months. The customer holdbacks represent amounts intended to provide a form of security for the customer; and accordingly, these contract assets have not been discounted to present value. The retention payments with no performance conditions are recorded as trade receivables.

Loan and Pledge Agreement - Stand-By Letters of Credit

We entered into a loan and pledge agreement with a financial institution during January 2017, which has been amended multiple times to accommodate the growth of the Company (the original loan and pledge agreement and its subsequent amendments are hereinafter referred to as the “Loan and Pledge Agreement”). Under the Loan and Pledge Agreement, we are allowed to issue stand-by letters of credit (“SBLCs”) up to one year past the expiration date of the Loan and Pledge Agreement and to hold SBLCs with other financial institutions up to $5.1 million. SBLCs have a term limit of three years, are secured by pledged U.S. investments, and do not have any cash collateral balance requirement. SBLCs are deducted from the total revolving credit line under the Loan and Pledge Agreement and are subject to a non-refundable quarterly fee that is in an amount equal to 0.7% per annum of the face amount of the outstanding SBLCs. As of March 31, 2021, outstanding SBLCs totaled $12.9 million.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 9, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the “March 2021 Authorization”) under which we, under management’s discretion, may repurchase up to $50.0 million in aggregate cost of our outstanding common stock. As of March 31, 2021, no shares have been repurchased under the March 2021 Authorization.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 26

Cash Flows

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		Change
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	54	$	(5,872)	$	5,926
Net cash provided by investing activities	5,088		11,934		(6,846)
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,059		418		5,641
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash and cash equivalents	(25)		(25)		—
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	11,176	$	6,455	$	4,721

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities is subject to the project driven, non-cyclical nature of our business. Operating cash flow can fluctuate significantly from year to year, due to the timing of receipts of large project orders. Operating cash flow may be negative in one year and significantly positive in the next, consequently individual quarterly results and comparisons may not necessarily indicate a significant trend, either positive or negative.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was due primarily to higher revenues, partially offset by the timing of cash collected on accounts receivables.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities primarily relates to maturities, sales and purchases of marketable securities, and capital expenditures supporting our growth. Our investments in marketable securities are structured to preserve principal and liquidity while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. The lower cash provided from investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to cash provided from investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2020, was due primarily to the movement of our investments in debt securities to cash and cash equivalents in fiscal year 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities primarily relates to the issuance of equity from our employee equity incentive plans, which for the three months ended March 31, 2021, was higher than the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 27

Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements

We believe that our existing resources and cash generated from our operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional capital or incur additional indebtedness to continue to fund our operations or to support acquisitions in the future and/or to fund investments in our latest technology arising from rapid market adoption. These needs could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including the continuing market acceptance of our products, our rate of revenue growth, the timing of new product introductions, the expansion of our R&D, manufacturing and S&M activities, the timing and extent of our expansion into new geographic territories and the amount and timing of cash used for stock repurchases. In addition, we may enter into potential material investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies in the future which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Should we need additional liquidity or capital funds, these funds may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

Contractual Obligations

Lease Facilities. We lease facilities and equipment under fixed noncancelable operating leases that expire on various dates through fiscal year 2030.

Purchase Order Arrangements. We have purchase order arrangements with our vendors for which we have not received the related goods or services. These arrangements are subject to change based on our sales demand forecasts. We have the right to cancel the arrangements prior to the date of delivery. The purchase order arrangements are related to various raw materials and component parts, as well as capital equipment.

See Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to our fixed noncancelable operating leases and our purchase order arrangements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 28

Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk may be found primarily in two areas, foreign currency and interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

Our foreign currency exposures are due to fluctuations in exchange rates for U.S. dollar (“USD”) versus the British pound, Saudi riyal, Emirati dirham, European euro, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee and Canadian dollar. Changes in currency exchange rates could adversely affect our consolidated operating results or financial position.

Our revenue contracts have been denominated in USD. At times, our international customers may have difficulty in obtaining USD to pay our receivables, thus increasing collection risk and potential doubtful account expense. As we expand our international sales, a portion of our revenue could be denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, our cash and operating results could be increasingly affected by changes in exchange rates.

In addition, we pay many vendors in foreign currency and, therefore, are subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our international sales and service operations incur expense that is denominated in foreign currencies. This expense could be materially affected by currency fluctuations. Our international sales and services operations also maintain cash balances denominated in foreign currencies. To decrease the inherent risk associated with translation of foreign cash balances into our reporting currency, we do not maintain excess cash balances in foreign currencies.

We have not hedged our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates because expenses in foreign currencies have been insignificant to date and exchange rate fluctuations have had little impact on our operating results and cash flows.

Interest Rate and Credit Risks

We have an investment portfolio of fixed-income marketable debt securities and instruments of the U.S. government including amounts classified as cash equivalents and short-term investments. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and liquidity while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. We invest primarily in investment-grade short-term debt instruments of high-quality corporate issuers and instruments of the U.S. government. These investments are subject to counter-party credit risk. To minimize this risk, we invest pursuant to an investment policy approved by our board of directors. The policy mandates high credit rating requirements and restricts our exposure to any single corporate issuer by imposing concentration limits.

As of March 31, 2021, our total debt security investments which totaled approximately $29.6 million, are presented in cash equivalents and short-term investments on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments are subject to interest rate fluctuations and will decrease in market value if interest rates increase. To minimize the exposure due to adverse shifts in interest rates, we maintain investments with a weighted average maturity of less than two months. As of March 31, 2021, a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates would have resulted in a less than $0.1 million decrease in the fair value of our fixed-income debt securities.

Item 4 — Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 29

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 — Legal Proceedings

Note 8, “Commitments and Contingencies – Litigation,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2021 (“2020 Annual Report”), provides information on certain litigation in which we are involved.

For an update on the litigation matters previously disclosed in the 2020 Annual Report, see the discussion in Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies – Litigation,” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, which discussion is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

Item 1A — Risk Factors

Other than the risk factors provided below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2021.

Our diversification into new fluid flow markets, such as oil & gas, commercial refrigeration and industrial wastewater, may not be successful.

We have made a substantial investment in research, development, and sales to execute on our diversification strategy into fluid flow markets such as oil & gas, commercial refrigeration and industrial wastewater. While we see diversification as core to our growth strategy, there is no guarantee that we will be successful in our efforts. Our model for growth is based in part on our ability to initiate and embrace disruptive technology trends, to enter new markets, both in terms of geographies and product areas, and to drive broad adoption of the products and services that we develop and market. Any inability to execute this model for growth could damage our reputation, limit our growth, and negatively affect our operation results. For example, while we believe that our products will enable gas processing plant operators to operate at a high level of energy efficiency with minimal downtime, we may be subject to warranty claims if customers of these offerings experience significant downtimes or failures for which our warranty reserves may be inadequate given the lack of historical failure rates associated with new product introductions. We also could be subject to damage claims based on our products, which we may not be able to properly insure. In addition, profitability, if any, in new industrial verticals may be lower than in our Water segment, and we may not be sufficiently successful in our diversification efforts to recoup investments.

We may not be able to successfully complete development, launch or commercialization of our C02 refrigeration technology.

We are currently developing PX based technology for use in CO2 commercial refrigeration. The technology is in the R&D phase. While initial testing of the technology has been promising, CO2 commercial refrigeration is complex and presents a wide range of technological challenges for us. We may not be successful in solving these challenges and, as a result, may not be able to successfully complete development of or launch the technology. Even if we are able to complete development, we may not be able to generate sufficient interest in our technology or commercialize the technology. The commercial refrigeration industry is also saturated with very large, established companies who have greater experience and resources than us. If we are unable to solve the technological challenges, complete development, launch and generate sufficient interest for our CO2 refrigeration technology, we may not be able to successfully commercialize the technology, which could have an adverse effect on our entire business, financial condition, or results of operation.

Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3 — Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 30

Item 5 — Other Information

None.

Item 6 — Exhibits

A list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report or incorporated herein by reference is found in the Exhibit Index below.

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Incorporated by Reference
		Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.1	Energy Recovery, Inc. Severance Plan.	8-K	001-34112	10.1	2/10/2021
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	Inline XBRL Document Set for the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I, “Financial Information” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
104	Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set.

*    Filed herewith.

**    The certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 31

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.
Date:	May 7, 2021	By:	/s/ ROBERT YU LANG MAO
			Robert Yu Lang Mao
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	May 7, 2021	By:	/s/ JOSHUA BALLARD
			Joshua Ballard
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q1’2021 Form 10-Q | 32

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert Yu Lang Mao, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Recovery, Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2021;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 7, 2021	/s/ ROBERT YU LANG MAO
	Name:	Robert Yu Lang Mao
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer )

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a), AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joshua Ballard, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Energy Recovery, Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2021;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 7, 2021	/s/ JOSHUA BALLARD
	Name:	Joshua Ballard
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER,

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002*

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, Robert Yu Lang Mao, President and Chief Executive Officer of Energy Recovery, Inc., and Joshua Ballard, Chief Financial Officer of Energy Recovery, Inc., each hereby certify that, to the best of his knowledge:

1.     The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Quarterly Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

2.     The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company at the end of the period covered by the Quarterly Report and results of operations of the Company for the period covered by the Quarterly Report.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has set his hand hereto:

Date: May 7, 2021	/s/ ROBERT YU LANG MAO
	Robert Yu Lang Mao
	President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 7, 2021	/s/ JOSHUA BALLARD
	Joshua Ballard
	Chief Financial Officer

*    This certification accompanies the Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Energy Recovery, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Apr. 30, 2021
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2021
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34112
Entity Registrant Name	Energy Recovery, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	01-0616867
Entity Address, Address Line One	1717 Doolittle Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	San Leandro
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94577
City Area Code	510
Local Phone Number	483-7370
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	ERII
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		57,522,631
Entity Central Index Key	0001421517
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 105,431	$ 94,255
Short-term investments	14,617	20,446
Accounts receivable, net	16,397	11,792
Inventories, net	11,925	11,748
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,470	4,950
Total current assets	152,840	143,191
Deferred tax assets, non-current	11,699	11,030
Property and equipment, net	20,734	20,176
Operating lease, right of use asset	15,739	16,090
Goodwill and other intangible assets	12,835	12,839
Other assets, non-current	1,371	988
Total assets	215,218	204,314
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,957	1,118
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,756	11,816
Lease liabilities, current	1,428	1,243
Contract liabilities, current	1,136	1,552
Total current liabilities	12,277	15,729
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074	16,443
Contract liabilities, non-current	96	88
Other non-current liabilities	431	430
Total liabilities	28,878	32,690
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	63	62
Additional paid-in capital	187,083	179,161
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(20)	53
Treasury stock	(30,486)	(30,486)
Retained earnings	29,700	22,834
Total stockholders’ equity	186,340	171,624
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 215,218	$ 204,314

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue, Product and Service [Extensible List]	Product	Product
Cost, Product and Service [Extensible List]	Product	Product
Revenue	$ 28,940	$ 21,544
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	6,606	6,881
Sales and marketing	2,703	2,138
Research and development	4,502	6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4	4
Total operating expenses	13,815	15,732
Income from operations	6,144	128
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Interest income	92	420
Other non-operating expense, net	(10)	(12)
Total other income, net	82	408
Income before income taxes	6,226	536
Benefit from income taxes	(640)	(85)
Net income	$ 6,866	$ 621
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.12	$ 0.01
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.12	$ 0.01
Number of shares used in per share calculations:
Basic (in shares)	56,877	55,412
Diluted (in shares)	58,597	56,542
Product
Revenue	$ 28,940	$ 19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981	5,684
Product gross profit	19,959	13,317
License and development
Revenue	$ 0	$ 2,543

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 6,866	$ 621
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(25)	(25)
Unrealized loss on investments	(48)	(270)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(73)	(295)
Comprehensive income	$ 6,793	$ 326

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Treasury stock	Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019		$ 61	$ 170,028	$ (37)	$ (30,486)	$ (3,553)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock, net		0	418
Stock-based compensation			1,508
Foreign currency translation adjustments				(25)
Unrealized loss on investments				(270)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$ (295)			(295)
Net income	621					621
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 138,265	$ 61	171,954	(332)	$ (30,486)	(2,932)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		60,717,702			5,455,935
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		281,531
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020	55,543,298	60,999,233			5,455,935
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 171,624	$ 62	179,161	53	$ (30,486)	22,834
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock, net		1	6,058
Stock-based compensation			1,864
Foreign currency translation adjustments				(25)
Unrealized loss on investments				(48)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(73)			(73)
Net income	6,866					6,866
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 186,340	$ 63	$ 187,083	$ (20)	$ (30,486)	$ 29,700
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		61,798,004			5,455,935
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		1,079,563
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	57,421,632	62,877,567			5,455,935

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 6,866	$ 621
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Stock-based compensation	1,913	1,503
Depreciation and amortization	1,347	1,258
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	71	220
Deferred income taxes	(669)	(35)
Other non-cash adjustments	(12)	145
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	(4,605)	(902)
Contract assets	(183)	(244)
Inventories, net	(186)	(692)
Prepaid and other assets	281	(428)
Accounts payable	821	745
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(5,182)	(4,511)
Contract liabilities	(408)	(3,552)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	54	(5,872)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of marketable securities	0	4,974
Maturities of marketable securities	5,710	21,195
Purchases of marketable securities	0	(12,855)
Proceeds from sale of assets	5	0
Capital expenditures	(627)	(1,380)
Net cash provided by investing activities	5,088	11,934
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	6,059	440
Tax payment for employee shares withheld	0	(22)
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,059	418
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash and cash equivalents	(25)	(25)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	11,176	6,455
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	94,358	26,488
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 105,534	$ 32,943

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Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1 — Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Energy Recovery”) create technologies that solve complex challenges for industrial fluid-flow markets worldwide. Building on the Company’s pressure exchanger technology platform, the Company designs and manufactures solutions that improve operational efficiency by reducing waste, energy consumption and costs across a range of industrial processes. What began as a game-changing invention for desalination has grown into a global business advancing the environmental sustainability of the Company’s customers’ operations in multiple industries. The Company’s solutions are marketed, sold in, or developed for, the fluid-flow and gas markets such as water, industrial waste, oil & gas, chemical processing and refrigeration under the trademarks ERI®, Ultra PX™, PX®, Pressure Exchanger®, PX Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”), PX PowerTrain™, VorTeq™, IsoBoost®, AT™ and AquaBold™. The Company owns, manufactures and/or develops its solutions, in whole or in part, in the United States of America (“U.S.”).

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2020 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements and may not include all disclosures required by GAAP; however, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

The March 31, 2021 unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”).

All adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and certain notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.

The accounting policies that reflect the Company’s more significant estimates and judgments and that the Company believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its reported financial results are revenue recognition; valuation of stock options; valuation and impairment of goodwill; inventory; deferred taxes and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets; and evaluation and measurement of contingencies. Those estimates could change, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Due to the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, and the impact on the Company’s customers, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of May 7, 2021, the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly these estimates for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.

Significant Accounting PoliciesExcept for adopting new accounting pronouncements, as noted under “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements,” there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report.Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet AdoptedIn March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”), which provided optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The FASB later issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, to clarify the scope of Topic 848 so that derivatives affected by the discounting transition are explicitly eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 (“ASU 2021-01”). Entities may apply the provisions of the new standards as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made (i.e., as early as the first quarter of 2020). Unlike other topics, the provisions of this update are only available until December 31, 2022, when the reference rate replacement activity is expected to have been completed. An entity may elect to apply amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The optional expedients were available to be used upon issuance of this guidance but the Company has not yet applied the guidance because the Company has not yet modified its existing contract for reference rate reform. The Company does not expect the provisions of ASU 2020-04 or ASU 2021-01 to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the disaggregated revenues by product and service line, product revenue by geography based on the “shipped to” addresses of the Company’s customers, product revenue by channel, and product revenue by segment (Water and Emerging Technologies segment). Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. See Note 10, “Segment Reporting,” for further discussion related to the Company’s segments.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Revenue by product and service line
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001
License and development	—		—		—		—		2,543		2,543
Total revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	2,543	$	21,544
Revenue by primary geographical markets
Middle East and Africa	$	20,960	$	—	$	20,960	$	16,231	$	—	$	16,231
Asia	7,178		—		7,178		775		—		775
Americas	423		—		423		1,201		2,543		3,744
Europe	379		—		379		794		—		794
Total revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	2,543	$	21,544
Product revenue by channel
Megaproject	$	23,757	$	—	$	23,757	$	14,457	$	—	$	14,457
Original equipment manufacturer	2,791		—		2,791		3,556		—		3,556
Aftermarket	2,392		—		2,392		988		—		988
Total product revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001

In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger Technology Corporation (“Schlumberger”) entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract balances by category.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,397	$	11,792
Contract assets:
Contract assets, current (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)	$	1,069	$	1,309
Contract assets, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	1,006		583
Total contract assets	$	2,075	$	1,892
Contract liabilities:
Contract liabilities, current	$	1,136	$	1,552
Contract liabilities, non-current	96		88
Total contract liabilities	$	1,232	$	1,640

The Company records contract liabilities when cash payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance. The following table presents significant changes in contract liabilities during the period.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract liabilities balance, beginning of year	$	1,640	$	28,866
Revenue recognized	(962)		(28,414)
Cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	554		1,188
Contract liabilities balance, end of period	$	1,232	$	1,640

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligation

The following table presents the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied.

	March 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Year:
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	10,201
2022	2,996
Total performance obligation	$	13,197

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Net Income Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Share

Note 3 — Net Income Per Share

Net income for the reported period is divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period to calculate basic net income per common share. Basic net income per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSU").

Diluted net income per common share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if outstanding stock options to purchase common stock were exercised for shares of common stock, using the treasury stock method, and the shares of common stock underlying each outstanding RSU were issued (outstanding stock options to purchase common stock and RSUs collectively referred to as, “stock awards”). Certain shares of common stock issuable under stock awards have been omitted from the diluted net income per share calculations because their inclusion is considered anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net income	$	6,866	$	621
Denominator (weighted average shares):
Basic common shares outstanding	56,877		55,412
Dilutive stock awards	1,720		1,130
Diluted common shares outstanding	58,597		56,542
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.12	$	0.01
Diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

The following table presents the potential common shares issuable under stock awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021	2020
	(In thousands)
Anti-dilutive stock awards	447	2,495

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Other Financial Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Other Financial Information [Abstract]

Other Financial Information

Other Financial Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of such amounts presented.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		March 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,431	$	94,255	$	32,842
Restricted cash, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	103		103		101
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	105,534	$	94,358	$	32,943

The Company pledged cash in connection with the Company’s credit cards. The Company deposited corresponding amounts into restricted accounts at several financial institutions.

Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the components of accounts receivable, net.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, gross	$	16,794	$	12,189
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(397)		(397)
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,397	$	11,792

Inventories

The following table presents inventory by category.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	4,543	$	4,260
Work in process	2,490		2,360
Finished goods	4,892		5,128
Inventories, net	$	11,925	$	11,748

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. Valuation adjustments for excess and obsolete inventory reflected as a reduction of inventory was $0.5 million at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Prepaid and Other Current Assets

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract assets, current	$	1,069	$	1,309
Cloud computing arrangement implementation costs	1,088		1,087
Other prepaid expenses and current assets	2,313		2,554
Total prepaid and other current assets	$	4,470	$	4,950

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	12,790	$	12,790
Other intangible assets	45		49
Total goodwill and other intangible assets	$	12,835	$	12,839

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Payroll, incentives and commissions payable	$	5,036	$	8,400
Warranty reserve	811		760
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	1,909		2,656
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,756	$	11,816

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Investments and Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Investments, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]

Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Available-for-Sale Investments

The Company’s investments in U.S. treasury securities and corporate notes and bonds are classified as available-for-sale. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all available-for-sale investments were either classified as cash equivalents or short-term investments.

The classification of available-for-sale investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and definition of each of these classifications are provided in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Significant Accounting Policies,” subsections “Cash and Cash Equivalents” and “Short-term and Long-term Investments,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in the 2020 Annual Report.

Expected maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. The Company generally holds available-for-sale investments until maturity; however, from time-to-time, the Company may elect to sell certain available-for-sale investments prior to contractual maturity.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

All of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are remeasured and reported at fair value at each reporting period; and are classified and disclosed in one of the following three pricing category levels:

Level 1  —    Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2  —    Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3  —    Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by contractual maturity, including their pricing category, amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and fair value.

		March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Pricing Category	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(In thousands)
Cash equivalents
Money market securities	Level 1	$	49,989	$	—	$	—	$	49,989	$	59,132	$	—	$	—	$	59,132
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	15,000		—		—		15,000		—		—		—		—
Total cash equivalents		64,989		—		—		64,989		59,132		—		—		59,132
Short-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	801		1		—		802		1,614		7		—		1,621
Corporate notes and bonds	Level 2	13,760		55		—		13,815		18,708		117		—		18,825
Total short-term investments		14,561		56		—		14,617		20,322		124		—		20,446
Total		$	79,550	$	56	$	—	$	79,606	$	79,454	$	124	$	—	$	79,578

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no financial liabilities and no Level 3 financial assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company had no transfers of financial assets between any levels.

As of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no available-for-sale securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Sales of Available-for-Sale Investments

The following table presents the sales of available-for-sale investments.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Corporate notes and bonds	$	—	$	4,974

Realized gain on sales of securities was immaterial during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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Lines of Credit

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Lines of Credit

Lines of Credit

Stand-By Letters of Credit

The Company entered into a loan and pledge agreement with a financial institution during January 2017, which has been amended multiple times to accommodate the growth of the Company (the original loan and pledge agreement and its subsequent amendments are hereinafter referred to as the “Loan and Pledge Agreement”). Under the Loan and Pledge Agreement, the Company is allowed to issue stand-by letters of credit (“SBLCs”) up to one year past the expiration date of the Loan and Pledge Agreement and to hold SBLCs with other financial institutions up to $5.1 million. SBLCs have a term limit of three years, are secured by pledged U.S. investments, and do not have any cash collateral balance requirements. SBLCs are deducted from the total revolving credit line under the Loan and Pledge Agreement and are subject to a non-refundable quarterly fee that is in an amount equal to 0.7% per annum of the face amount of the outstanding SBLCs.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were outstanding SBLCs of $12.9 million and $13.3 million, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations

The following table presents a summary of operating lease, right of use assets and lease liabilities.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease, right of use asset	$	15,739	$	16,090
Lease liabilities, current	$	1,428	$	1,243
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074		16,443
Total lease liability	$	17,502	$	17,686

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under operating leases that expire on various dates through fiscal year 2030.

The following table presents operating lease activities related to all leased properties.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	643	$	603
Cash payments	489		490
Non-cash lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	—		6,384

The following table presents other information related to outstanding operating leases as of March 31, 2021.

Weighted average remaining lease term	8.2 years
Weighted average discount rate	7.0%

The following table presents the minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases, exclusive of executory costs as of March 31, 2021.

	Lease Amounts
	(In thousands)
Year:
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	1,942
2022	2,650
2023	2,580
2024	2,812
2025	2,736
2026 and thereafter	10,462
Total	23,182
Less imputed lease interest	(5,680)
Total lease liabilities	$	17,502

Warranty

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s accrued product warranty reserve.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Warranty reserve balance, beginning of year	$	760	$	631
Warranty costs charged to cost of revenue	127		98
Utilization charges against reserve	—		(1)
Release of accrual related to expired warranties	(76)		(63)
Warranty reserve balance, end of period	$	811	$	665

Purchase Obligations

The Company has purchase order arrangements with its vendors for which the Company has not received the related goods or services as of March 31, 2021. These arrangements are subject to change based on the Company’s sales demand forecasts. The Company has the right to cancel the arrangements prior to the date of delivery. The purchase order arrangements are related to various raw materials and component parts, as well as capital equipment. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $6.7 million of such open cancellable purchase order arrangements.

Litigation

The Company is named in and subject to various proceedings and claims in connection with its business. The outcome of matters the Company has been, and currently is, involved in cannot be determined at this time, and the results cannot be predicted with certainty. There can be no assurance that these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations in any future period, and a significant judgment could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company may in the future become involved in additional litigation in the ordinary course of business, including litigation that could be material to its business.

The Company considers all claims on a quarterly basis and, based on known facts, assesses whether potential losses are considered reasonably possible, probable and estimable. Based upon this assessment, the Company then evaluates disclosure requirements and whether to accrue for such claims in its consolidated financial statements. The Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and are adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. As of March 31, 2021, there were no material losses which were probable or reasonably possible.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Benefit from income taxes	$	(640)		$	(85)
Effective tax rate	(10.3		%)	(15.9		%)
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	15.8		%	19.5		%

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in such period. The Company’s quarterly tax provision and estimate of its annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting its pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, the applicability of special tax regimes, and changes in how the Company does business.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the recognized income tax benefit included a discrete tax benefit of $1.6 million, due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the recognized income tax benefit included a discrete tax benefit of $0.2 million, due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls.

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchase Program

On March 9, 2021, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program under which the Company, at the discretion of management, may repurchase up to $50.0 million in aggregate cost of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “March 2021 Authorization”). Under the March 2021 Authorization, purchases of shares of common stock may be made from time to time in the open market, or in privately negotiated transactions, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors including price, regulatory requirements, and capital availability. The March 2021 Authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period, and may be expanded, extended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company accounts for stock repurchases using the cost method. The aggregate cost includes fees charged in connection with acquiring the outstanding common stock. As of March 31, 2021, no shares had been repurchased under the March 2021 Authorization.

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer. The Company continues to monitor and review its segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact its reportable segments. As a result of the evolution of the Company’s products, operations and research and development (“R&D”) efforts in new product development, and the way in which the CODM manages and assesses the performance of the business, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company realigned its segment reporting and has recast the prior year amounts for comparability. In addition, to better align the activities of the Water segment, the Company has re-allocated resources to this segment’s operations. Income and type of expense activities that are included in the Water and Emerging Technologies segments and corporate operating expenses are as follows:

Water segment: Includes seawater desalination sales and service, industrial wastewater sales, service, and R&D and sales and marketing (“S&M”) efforts, other water-related R&D activities, and certain water-related S&M and general and administrative (“G&A”) activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Emerging Technologies segment: Includes R&D efforts in the continued development of the VorTeq, S&M and R&D efforts to support the sales and development, respectively, of the IsoBoost in natural gas processing, and R&D efforts for new product development for other non-water treatment applications, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and certain emerging technologies-related S&M and G&A activity expenses previously reported under corporate operating expenses.

Corporate operating expenses: Includes certain operating expenses related to corporate activities outside of the operating segments, such as audit and accounting expenses, general legal costs, board of director fees and expenses, and other separately managed general expenses not related to the identified segments.

For each of the periods presented in the following tables, operating income (loss) for each segment excludes other income and expenses, and corporate operating expenses not included in how the CODM assesses the performance of the operating segments, such as income taxes and other separately managed general and administrative expenses not attributed to the operating segments. Assets and liabilities are reviewed at the consolidated level by the CODM and are not attributed to the segments. The CODM allocates resources to, and assesses the performance of, each operating segment using information about its revenue and operating income.

Segment Financial Information

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s financial information by segment and corporate operating expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 (Recasted)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Product revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		—		8,981		5,684		—		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		—		19,959		13,317		—		13,317
License and development revenue(1)	—		—		—		—		2,543		2,543
Operating expenses
General and administrative	1,557		1,166		2,723		2,079		1,492		3,571
Sales and marketing	2,164		179		2,343		1,676		312		1,988
Research and development	501		4,001		4,502		902		5,807		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		—		4		4		—		4
Total operating expenses	4,226		5,346		9,572		4,661		7,611		12,272
Operating income (loss)	$	15,733	$	(5,346)	10,387		$	8,656	$	(5,068)	3,588
Less: Corporate operating expenses					4,243						3,460
Income from operations					6,144						128
Other income, net					82						408
Income before income taxes					$	6,226					$	536

(1)    In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Concentrations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentrations

Concentrations

Product Revenue

The following table presents customers accounting for 10% or more of product revenue by segment. Although certain customers might account for greater than 10% of product revenue at any one point in time, the concentration of product revenue between a limited number of customers shifts regularly, depending on contract negotiations. The percentages by customer reflect specific relationships or contracts that would concentrate product revenue for the periods presented and does not indicate a trend specific to any one customer.

		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Segment	2021	2020
Customer A	Water	18%	20%
Customer B	Water	17%	**
Customer C	Water	16%	25%
Customer D	Water	15%	10%

**    Zero or less than 10%.

License and Development Revenue

There was no Emerging Technologies segment customer license and development revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021. One international Emerging Technologies segment customer accounted for 100% of the license and development revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2020 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements and may not include all disclosures required by GAAP; however, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

The March 31, 2021 unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”).

All adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and certain notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.

The accounting policies that reflect the Company’s more significant estimates and judgments and that the Company believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its reported financial results are revenue recognition; valuation of stock options; valuation and impairment of goodwill; inventory; deferred taxes and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets; and evaluation and measurement of contingencies. Those estimates could change, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Due to the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, and the impact on the Company’s customers, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of May 7, 2021, the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly these estimates for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet AdoptedIn March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”), which provided optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The FASB later issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, to clarify the scope of Topic 848 so that derivatives affected by the discounting transition are explicitly eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 (“ASU 2021-01”). Entities may apply the provisions of the new standards as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made (i.e., as early as the first quarter of 2020). Unlike other topics, the provisions of this update are only available until December 31, 2022, when the reference rate replacement activity is expected to have been completed. An entity may elect to apply amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The optional expedients were available to be used upon issuance of this guidance but the Company has not yet applied the guidance because the Company has not yet modified its existing contract for reference rate reform. The Company does not expect the provisions of ASU 2020-04 or ASU 2021-01 to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.

Income Taxes

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in such period. The Company’s quarterly tax provision and estimate of its annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting its pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, the applicability of special tax regimes, and changes in how the Company does business.

Litigation

The Company considers all claims on a quarterly basis and, based on known facts, assesses whether potential losses are considered reasonably possible, probable and estimable. Based upon this assessment, the Company then evaluates disclosure requirements and whether to accrue for such claims in its consolidated financial statements. The Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and are adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.

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Revenue (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Revenue by product and service line
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001
License and development	—		—		—		—		2,543		2,543
Total revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	2,543	$	21,544
Revenue by primary geographical markets
Middle East and Africa	$	20,960	$	—	$	20,960	$	16,231	$	—	$	16,231
Asia	7,178		—		7,178		775		—		775
Americas	423		—		423		1,201		2,543		3,744
Europe	379		—		379		794		—		794
Total revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	2,543	$	21,544
Product revenue by channel
Megaproject	$	23,757	$	—	$	23,757	$	14,457	$	—	$	14,457
Original equipment manufacturer	2,791		—		2,791		3,556		—		3,556
Aftermarket	2,392		—		2,392		988		—		988
Total product revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001

Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability

The following table presents contract balances by category.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,397	$	11,792
Contract assets:
Contract assets, current (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)	$	1,069	$	1,309
Contract assets, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	1,006		583
Total contract assets	$	2,075	$	1,892
Contract liabilities:
Contract liabilities, current	$	1,136	$	1,552
Contract liabilities, non-current	96		88
Total contract liabilities	$	1,232	$	1,640

Contract With Customer, Contract Liability, Activity

The Company records contract liabilities when cash payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance. The following table presents significant changes in contract liabilities during the period.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract liabilities balance, beginning of year	$	1,640	$	28,866
Revenue recognized	(962)		(28,414)
Cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	554		1,188
Contract liabilities balance, end of period	$	1,232	$	1,640

Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction

The following table presents the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied.

	March 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Year:
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	10,201
2022	2,996
Total performance obligation	$	13,197

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Net Income Per Share - (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net income	$	6,866	$	621
Denominator (weighted average shares):
Basic common shares outstanding	56,877		55,412
Dilutive stock awards	1,720		1,130
Diluted common shares outstanding	58,597		56,542
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.12	$	0.01
Diluted	$	0.12	$	0.01

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following table presents the potential common shares issuable under stock awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021	2020
	(In thousands)
Anti-dilutive stock awards	447	2,495

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Other Financial Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Other Financial Information [Abstract]

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of such amounts presented.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		March 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105,431	$	94,255	$	32,842
Restricted cash, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	103		103		101
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	105,534	$	94,358	$	32,943

Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable

Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the components of accounts receivable, net.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, gross	$	16,794	$	12,189
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(397)		(397)
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,397	$	11,792

Schedule of Inventory, Current

Inventories

The following table presents inventory by category.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	4,543	$	4,260
Work in process	2,490		2,360
Finished goods	4,892		5,128
Inventories, net	$	11,925	$	11,748

Schedule Of Prepaid And Other Current Assets

Prepaid and Other Current Assets

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract assets, current	$	1,069	$	1,309
Cloud computing arrangement implementation costs	1,088		1,087
Other prepaid expenses and current assets	2,313		2,554
Total prepaid and other current assets	$	4,470	$	4,950

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	12,790	$	12,790
Other intangible assets	45		49
Total goodwill and other intangible assets	$	12,835	$	12,839

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Payroll, incentives and commissions payable	$	5,036	$	8,400
Warranty reserve	811		760
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	1,909		2,656
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,756	$	11,816

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Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Investments, Fair Value Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Amortized Cost And Fair Value Of Available For Sale Securities

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by contractual maturity, including their pricing category, amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains and losses, and fair value.

		March 31, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Pricing Category	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(In thousands)
Cash equivalents
Money market securities	Level 1	$	49,989	$	—	$	—	$	49,989	$	59,132	$	—	$	—	$	59,132
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	15,000		—		—		15,000		—		—		—		—
Total cash equivalents		64,989		—		—		64,989		59,132		—		—		59,132
Short-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	801		1		—		802		1,614		7		—		1,621
Corporate notes and bonds	Level 2	13,760		55		—		13,815		18,708		117		—		18,825
Total short-term investments		14,561		56		—		14,617		20,322		124		—		20,446
Total		$	79,550	$	56	$	—	$	79,606	$	79,454	$	124	$	—	$	79,578

Debt Securities, Available-For-Sale, Proceeds From Sale

The following table presents the sales of available-for-sale investments.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Corporate notes and bonds	$	—	$	4,974

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Summary Of Operating Lease, Right Of Use Assets And Lease Liabilities

The following table presents a summary of operating lease, right of use assets and lease liabilities.

	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease, right of use asset	$	15,739	$	16,090
Lease liabilities, current	$	1,428	$	1,243
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074		16,443
Total lease liability	$	17,502	$	17,686

Lease, Cost

The following table presents operating lease activities related to all leased properties.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	643	$	603
Cash payments	489		490
Non-cash lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	—		6,384

Lease, Term And Discount Rate

The following table presents other information related to outstanding operating leases as of March 31, 2021.

Weighted average remaining lease term	8.2 years
Weighted average discount rate	7.0%

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity

The following table presents the minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases, exclusive of executory costs as of March 31, 2021.

	Lease Amounts
	(In thousands)
Year:
2021 (remaining nine months)	$	1,942
2022	2,650
2023	2,580
2024	2,812
2025	2,736
2026 and thereafter	10,462
Total	23,182
Less imputed lease interest	(5,680)
Total lease liabilities	$	17,502

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s accrued product warranty reserve.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Warranty reserve balance, beginning of year	$	760	$	631
Warranty costs charged to cost of revenue	127		98
Utilization charges against reserve	—		(1)
Release of accrual related to expired warranties	(76)		(63)
Warranty reserve balance, end of period	$	811	$	665

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Income Taxes (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
	(In thousands, except percentages)
Benefit from income taxes	$	(640)		$	(85)
Effective tax rate	(10.3		%)	(15.9		%)
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	15.8		%	19.5		%

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Operating Profit (Loss) from Segments to Consolidated

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s financial information by segment and corporate operating expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 (Recasted)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Product revenue	$	28,940	$	—	$	28,940	$	19,001	$	—	$	19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		—		8,981		5,684		—		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		—		19,959		13,317		—		13,317
License and development revenue(1)	—		—		—		—		2,543		2,543
Operating expenses
General and administrative	1,557		1,166		2,723		2,079		1,492		3,571
Sales and marketing	2,164		179		2,343		1,676		312		1,988
Research and development	501		4,001		4,502		902		5,807		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		—		4		4		—		4
Total operating expenses	4,226		5,346		9,572		4,661		7,611		12,272
Operating income (loss)	$	15,733	$	(5,346)	10,387		$	8,656	$	(5,068)	3,588
Less: Corporate operating expenses					4,243						3,460
Income from operations					6,144						128
Other income, net					82						408
Income before income taxes					$	6,226					$	536

(1)    In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Concentrations (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2021

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor

The following table presents customers accounting for 10% or more of product revenue by segment. Although certain customers might account for greater than 10% of product revenue at any one point in time, the concentration of product revenue between a limited number of customers shifts regularly, depending on contract negotiations. The percentages by customer reflect specific relationships or contracts that would concentrate product revenue for the periods presented and does not indicate a trend specific to any one customer.

		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Segment	2021	2020
Customer A	Water	18%	20%
Customer B	Water	17%	**
Customer C	Water	16%	25%
Customer D	Water	15%	10%

**    Zero or less than 10%.

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Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 28,940	$ 21,544
Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940	19,001
Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	2,543
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940	19,001
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940	19,001
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Megaproject
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	23,757	14,457
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Megaproject | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	23,757	14,457
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Megaproject | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Original equipment manufacturer
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,791	3,556
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Original equipment manufacturer | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,791	3,556
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Original equipment manufacturer | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Aftermarket
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,392	988
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Aftermarket | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	2,392	988
PX Pressure Exchangers, pumps and turbo devices, and other | Aftermarket | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
License and development
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	2,543
License and development | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
License and development | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	2,543
Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	20,960	16,231
Middle East and Africa | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	20,960	16,231
Middle East and Africa | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Asia
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	7,178	775
Asia | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	7,178	775
Asia | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	0
Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	423	3,744
Americas | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	423	1,201
Americas | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	0	2,543
Europe
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	379	794
Europe | Water
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	379	794
Europe | Emerging Technologies
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 0	$ 0

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Revenue - Schlumberger Technology Corporation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 28,940		$ 21,544
License and development
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 0		$ 2,543
VorTeq License Agreement | Affiliated Entity | License and development | Schlumberger Technology Corporation
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 24,400

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Revenue - Contract Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 16,397	$ 11,792
Contract assets:
Contract assets, current (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets)	1,069	1,309
Contract assets, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	1,006	583
Total contract assets	2,075	1,892
Contract liabilities:
Contract liabilities, current	1,136	1,552
Contract liabilities, non-current	96	88
Total contract liabilities	$ 1,232	$ 1,640	$ 28,866

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Revenue - Significant Changes in Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract liabilities balance, beginning of year	$ 1,640	$ 28,866
Revenue recognized	(962)	(28,414)
Increase due to cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	554	1,188
Contract liabilities balance, end of period	$ 1,232	$ 1,640

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Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied	$ 13,197
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-04-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied	$ 10,201
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied, expected timing	9 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied	$ 2,996
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Performance obligations expected to be satisfied, expected timing	1 year

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Net Income Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Numerator:
Net income	$ 6,866	$ 621
Denominator (weighted average shares):
Basic common shares outstanding (in shares)	56,877	55,412
Dilutive stock awards (in shares)	1,720	1,130
Diluted common shares outstanding (in shares)	58,597	56,542
Net income per share - Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.12	$ 0.01
Net income per share - Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.12	$ 0.01

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Net Income Per Share - Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation of Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Anti-dilutive stock awards (in shares)	447	2,495

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Other Financial Information - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 105,431	$ 94,255	$ 32,842
Restricted cash, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	103	103	101
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 105,534	$ 94,358	$ 32,943	$ 26,488

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Other Financial Information - Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, gross	$ 16,794	$ 12,189
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(397)	(397)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 16,397	$ 11,792

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Other Financial Information - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 4,543	$ 4,260
Work in process	2,490	2,360
Finished goods	4,892	5,128
Inventories, net	$ 11,925	$ 11,748

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Other Financial Information - Inventory Valuation Reserves - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Inventory valuation reserves	$ 0.5	$ 0.5

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Other Financial Information - Prepaid and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Contract assets, current	$ 1,069	$ 1,309
Cloud computing arrangement implementation costs	1,088	1,087
Other prepaid expenses and current assets	2,313	2,554
Total prepaid and other current assets	$ 4,470	$ 4,950

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Other Financial Information - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 12,790	$ 12,790
Other intangible assets	45	49
Goodwill and other intangible assets	$ 12,835	$ 12,839

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Other Financial Information - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Financial Information [Abstract]
Payroll, incentives and commissions payable	$ 5,036	$ 8,400
Warranty reserve	811	760	$ 665	$ 631
Other accrued expenses and current liabilities	1,909	2,656
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 7,756	$ 11,816

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Investments and Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	$ 79,550,000	$ 79,454,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	56,000	124,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	79,606,000	79,578,000
Transfer between Level 1 and Level 2	0
Available-for-sale securities in a continuous unrealized loss position	0	0
Cash equivalents
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	64,989,000	59,132,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	64,989,000	59,132,000
Short-term investments
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	14,561,000	20,322,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	56,000	124,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	14,617,000	20,446,000
Level 1 | Cash equivalents | Money Market Funds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	49,989,000	59,132,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	49,989,000	59,132,000
Level 2 | Cash equivalents | U.S. Treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	15,000,000	0
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	0
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	15,000,000	0
Level 2 | Short-term investments | U.S. Treasury securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	801,000	1,614,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,000	7,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	802,000	1,621,000
Level 2 | Short-term investments | Corporate notes and bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	13,760,000	18,708,000
Gross Unrealized Gains	55,000	117,000
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	0
Fair Value	13,815,000	18,825,000
Measured On Recurring Basis | Level 3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Gain (Loss) [Abstract]
Total fair value of financial liabilities	0	0
Total fair value of financial assets	$ 0	$ 0

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Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of available-for sale securities	$ 0	$ 4,974
Corporate notes and bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of available-for sale securities	$ 0	$ 4,974

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Lines of Credit - Loan Agreements and Stand-by Letters of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Standby Letters of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding, amount	$ 12,900,000	$ 13,300,000
Loan and Pledge Agreement | Standby Letters of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term past expiration of agreement	1 year
Debt instrument, term	3 years
Line of Credit | Loan and Pledge Agreement | Standby Letters of Credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage	0.70%
Other Financial Institution | Line of Credit | Loan and Pledge Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 5,100,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Right Of Use Asset and Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease, right of use asset	$ 15,739	$ 16,090
Lease liabilities, current	1,428	1,243
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074	16,443
Total lease liability	$ 17,502	$ 17,686

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Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Lease Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease, right of use asset	$ 15,739	$ 16,090
Lease liabilities, current	1,428	1,243
Lease liabilities, non-current	16,074	16,443
Total lease liability	$ 17,502	$ 17,686

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 643	$ 603
Cash payments	489	490
Non-cash lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$ 0	$ 6,384

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Commitments and Contingencies - Weighted Average Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Mar. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term	8 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average discount rate	7.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2021 (remaining nine months)	$ 1,942
2022	2,650
2023	2,580
2024	2,812
2025	2,736
2026 and thereafter	10,462
Total	23,182
Less imputed lease interest	(5,680)
Total lease liabilities	$ 17,502	$ 17,686

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Commitments and Contingencies - Product Warranty Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual
Warranty reserve balance, beginning of year	$ 760	$ 631
Warranty costs charged to cost of revenue	127	98
Utilization charges against reserve	0	(1)
Release of accrual related to expired warranties	(76)	(63)
Warranty reserve balance, end of period	$ 811	$ 665

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Commitments and Contingencies - Purchase Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-term purchase commitment	$ 6.7

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Benefit from income taxes	$ (640)	$ (85)
Effective tax rate	(10.30%)	(15.90%)
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	15.80%	19.50%
Discrete income tax benefit	$ 1,600	$ 200

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Stockholders' Equity - Stock Repurchase Program (Details)	Mar. 09, 2021 USD ($)
March 2021 Authorization
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	$ 50,000,000.0

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Segment Reporting - Summary of Financial Information by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 28,940		$ 21,544
General and administrative	6,606		6,881
Sales and marketing	2,703		2,138
Research and development	4,502		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		4
Total operating expenses	13,815		15,732
Income from operations	6,144		128
Other income, net	82		408
Income before income taxes	6,226		536
Water
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940		19,001
Emerging Technologies
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		2,543
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
General and administrative	2,723		3,571
Sales and marketing	2,343		1,988
Research and development	4,502		6,709
Amortization of intangible assets	4		4
Total operating expenses	9,572		12,272
Income from operations	10,387		3,588
Operating Segments | Water
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
General and administrative	1,557		2,079
Sales and marketing	2,164		1,676
Research and development	501		902
Amortization of intangible assets	4		4
Total operating expenses	4,226		4,661
Income from operations	15,733		8,656
Operating Segments | Emerging Technologies
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
General and administrative	1,166		1,492
Sales and marketing	179		312
Research and development	4,001		5,807
Amortization of intangible assets	0		0
Total operating expenses	5,346		7,611
Income from operations	(5,346)		(5,068)
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total operating expenses	4,243		3,460
Product
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940		19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		13,317
Product | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940		19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		13,317
Product | Operating Segments | Water
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	28,940		19,001
Product cost of revenue	8,981		5,684
Product gross profit	19,959		13,317
Product | Operating Segments | Emerging Technologies
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		0
Product cost of revenue	0		0
Product gross profit	0		0
License and development
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		2,543
License and development | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Affiliated Entity | VorTeq License Agreement
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 24,400
License and development | Water
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		0
License and development | Emerging Technologies
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		2,543
License and development | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		2,543
License and development | Operating Segments | Water
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0		0
License and development | Operating Segments | Emerging Technologies
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 0		$ 2,543

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Concentrations - Product Revenue Concentrations (Details) - Water - Product Revenue - Customer Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2020
Customer A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of product revenue	18.00%	20.00%
Customer B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of product revenue	17.00%
Customer C
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of product revenue	16.00%	25.00%
Customer D
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of product revenue	15.00%	10.00%

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Concentrations - License and Development (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 28,940		$ 21,544
License and development
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 0		$ 2,543
License and development | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			100.00%
Schlumberger Technology Corporation | License and development | Affiliated Entity | VorTeq License Agreement
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Revenue		$ 24,400